- Collection:
- Encyclopedia of Alabama
- Title:
- Freedom Rides
- Creator:
- Eckelmann, Susan
- Date of Original:
- 2008-07-24
- Subject:
- Freedom Rides, 1961
Government, Resistance to--Southern States
Congress of Racial Equality
Civil rights--Southern States
African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States
Buses--Southern States
Bus terminals--Southern States
Bus lines--Southern States
Trailways
Greyhound Lines
Railroads--Southern States
Railroad stations--Southern States
Railroad travel--Southern States
African Americans--Travel--Southern States
Segregation in transportation--Southern States
Segregation--Southern States
Segregationists--Southern States
Compliance
Discrimination--Southern States
Race discrimination--Southern States
Race relations
Southern States--Race relations
Discrimination in restaurants--Southern States
Restaurants--Southern States
Interstate commerce--Southern States
Federal-state controversies--Southern States
Intervention (Federal government)--Southern States
Intimidation--Southern States
Mobs--Southern States
Riots--Southern States
Race riots--Southern States
Racism--Southern States
White supremacy movements--Southern States
Violence--Southern States
Social justice--Southern States
African Americans--Crimes against--Southern States
Offenses against the person--Southern States
Offenses against the person--South Carolina--Rock Hill
Offenses against the person--Alabama--Birmingham
Offenses against the person--Alabama--Montgomery
Southern States--Politics and government--20th century
Southern States--Social conditions--20th century
Southern States--History--20th century
Jails--Southern States
Imprisonment--Southern States
Arrest--Southern States
Police--Southern States
Police chiefs--Southern States
Direct action--Southern States
Nonviolence--Southern States
Ku Klux Klan (1915- )
Assault and battery--South Carolina--Rock Hill
Assault and battery--Alabama--Birmingham
Assault and battery--Alabama--Montgomery
African Americans--Violence against
Civil rights workers--Violence against
Incendiary bombs--Alabama--Anniston
Bombings--Alabama--Anniston
United States. Interstate Commerce Commission - People:
- Connor, Eugene, 1897-1973
Lewis, John, 1940-2020
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968
Patterson, John, 1921 September 27-2021
Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968
Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011
Mann, Floyd H., 1920-1996
Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963
Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990 - Location:
- United States, Alabama, Calhoun County, Anniston, 33.65983, -85.83163
United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249
United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, 32.22026, -86.20761
United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997
United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434 - Medium:
- articles
interactive resource - Description:
- Encyclopedia article about the 1961 Freedom Rides, public bus trips undertaken by racially integrated groups through the Deep South to test the enforcement of a newly enacted court order prohibiting segregation in interstate bus terminals. The riders were met with hostility and violence in a number of states, but they encountered some of the worst violence in Alabama. Civil authorities at the state and local levels actively refrained from protecting the participants from violent mobs, forcing the federal government to intervene. The nonviolent protests played a key role in publicizing the hostility facing the civil rights movement.
The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata. - Metadata URL:
- http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1605
- Rights Holder:
- All rights reserved. By downloading, printing, or otherwise using text, image, logo, audio and video files from this Web site, users agree that they will limit their use of such files for purposes permitted under the fair use doctrine and will not violate EOA's or any other party's proprietary rights. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of protected materials for noncommercial educational purposes. EOA content used for such purposes does not require express permission from EOA or the Alabama Humanities Foundation, which holds the copyrights for EOA content. All other uses require written permission from the Alabama Humanities Foundation. Permission requests may be submitted by email to: editor@encyclopediaofalabama.org or by mail to: Encyclopedia of Alabama, Attn.: Permissions, R.B. Draughon Library, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849.
- Additional Rights Information:
- Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status.
- Contributing Institution:
- Encyclopedia of Alabama (Project)
