TO: FROM: THROUGH I SUBJECT: Little Rock School District All Budget Managers / October 12, 1990 Brady Gadberry, Labor Relations Specialist Herb Cleek, Deputy Superintendent Drug Free Schools and Campuses Enclosed are copies of the LRSD policy and regulations covering drug free schools and campuses. Federal law mandates that each employee must be provided the policy and made aware of the possible consequences of failure to comply. The law also requires that each employee sign a statement acknowledging receipt of the policy. Please distribute the policy and acknowledgment form to each employee in your building or unit. each employee. Collect the signed acknowledgment from possible inspection. You should keep the signed forms on file available for 810 West Markham Street Little Rock, Arkansas 72201 (501)374-3361 LITTLE ROCK SCHOOL DISTRICT EPS CODE: GBB DRUG FREE SCHOOLS ANO CAMPUSES This po1icy The purpose of this policy is to comply with the Drug Free Schools and Communities Act Amendment of 1989 and Public Law 101-226. This policy IS applicable to all employees of the Little Rock School District. 3 Drug abuse and use during working hours are subjects of immediate concern in our society. From a safety perspective, the users of drugs may impair the well-being of all employees, students, the public at large, and may cause damage to school district property Therefore it is the policy of the Little Rock School District that the unlawful manufacture, distribution, possession, sale, dispensation or use of alcohol or a controlled substance on district property or at school-related activities is prohibited. piupeiLj UI di bcnooI-Any employee violating this policy will be subject to discipline to and including termination and referral for prosecution. up POLICY RECEIPT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Little Rock School District, a copy of the district's hereby , an employee of the certify that I have received drug-free work envi ronraent. policy regarding the maintenance I am aware that the .of unlawful manufacture, distribution , cf alcohol or control led sale, dispensation, substance on Little possession or Rock use School District prohibited. property, or at school am also aware that violation of related activities/events, is subject realize district me to that as discipline up a -condition to and of my this policy will including termination. my employment in this school I must abide by the terms of this policy and Will notify employer of any criminal drug conviction f oi a violation occurring in the workplace no later that five (5) days after such conviction. I , a d I I Signed DateREGULATION LITTLE ROCK SCHOOL DISTRICT EPS CODE: GBB J DRUG FREE SCHOOLS AND CAMPUSES I. Purpose To set forth procedures for regulating and monitoring the implementation of the Drug Free Schools and Campuses policy. II. Definition of Terms The term "controlled substance" means any drug listed in 11 U.S.C. Section 812 and other federal regulations. Generally, these are drugs which have a high Such drugs include, but are not limited to. Heroin, Crack," PCP and "Ice." They also include "legal drugs" potential for abuse. Marijuana, Cocaine, "C. . v. T k T which are prescribed by a licensed physician and are illegally distributed, dispensed or sold on school premises or at school-related activities. III. Procedures 2. The Little Rock School District will not differentiate between drug users and drug pushers or sellers. Any employee who is guilty of possession, use or distribution of a controlled substance and/or alcohol on school premises or as a part of any school-related activity will be subject to discipline up to and including termination of employment and referral for prosecution. The buidling principal or other administrative head shall notify the superintendent or his/her designee of any employee guilty of a drug- related violation occurring on Little Rock School District property or at school-related activities, and impose sanctions on the guilty employee. Alternatively, the school district may give the employee the option, at the employee's expense, to successfully complete a drug/alcohol abuse program sponsored by an accredited and approved private or governmental institution. 3. Each employee is required to inform the district within five (5) days after he or she is convicted for violation of any federal or state criminal drug statute where such violation occurred on the district's premises or during district-sponsored activities. A conviction means a finding of guilt (including a plea of nolo contendre) or the imposition of a sentence by a judge or jury in any federal court, state court or other court of competent jurisdiction. 4. If any employee is convicted of violating any criminal drug statute while in the workplace, he or she will be subject to discipline up to and including termination. Alternatively, the school district may give the employee the option, at the employee's expense, to successfully complete a drug/alcohol abuse program sponsored by an accredited and approved private or governmental institution. 5. By virtue of Little Rock School District participation in federally funded programs, the law requires all employees of the District to abide by these regulations as a condition of employment in the Little Rock School Di strict. 6. Each unit administrator shall be responsible for compliance with the reporting and certification procedures outlined in this policy and shall maintain, at the building site, appropriate documentation to demonstrate compli ance. 7. All employees are to be made cognizant of this policy and regulations and are required to sign an acknowledgement form and return it to the unit administrator. 1.5i<. K 1 U,(T Jt-VW'pX/l a. db^/ (jlu Ci^iA'L^ I L Ua< StU'->X>< ktUit i tM OU-J ilTf- VLITTLE ROCK SCHOOL DISTRICT EPS CODE
GBB DRUG FREE SCHOOLS ANO CAMPUSES The purpose of this policy is to comply with the Drug Free Schools and Communities Act Amendment of 1989 and Public Law 101-226. This policy IS applicable to all employees of the Little Rock School District This policy Drug abuse and use during working hours are subjects of immediate concern in our society. From a safety perspective, the users of drugs may impair the well-being of all employees, students, the public at large, and may cause damage to school district property Therefore it is the policy of the Little Rock School District that students, the property the unlawful manufacture, distribution, possession. -------------------. J . v.i, sale, dispensation or use of alcohol or a controlled substance or, district property or at school-related activities is prohibited. p,upc, UI scnooi-reiatea Any employee violating this policy will be subject to discipline . , "1 J . ............... 'J 'J I OL. I p I I to and including termination and referral for prosecution. up POLICY RECEIPT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I, ____________________________ Little Rock School District, a copy of the district's hereby , an emplovee of the certify that I have received drug-free work environment. policy regarding the maintenance I am aware that the .of ci unlawful manufacture, distribution, of alcohol or a control 1ed sale, dispensation, substance on Little possession or Rock use School District prohibited. property, or at school I am also aware that violation of related activities/events, is subject realize district me to that as discipline up a .condition to and of my this policy will including termination. ray employment in this I school I must abide by the terms of this policy and will notify employer of any occurring conviction. in the workplace criminal drug conviction for a violation no later that five (5) days after such Signed DateREGULATION LITTLE ROCK SCHOOL DISTRICT EPS CODE: GBB DRUG FREE SCHOOLS AND CAMPUSES 1. Purpose To set forth procedures for regulating and monitoring the implementation of the Drug Free Schools and Campuses policy. II. Definition of Terms "controlled substance" means any drug listed in 11 U.S.C. Section 812 The term '(.unuuueu ouuiLUHvc ---------- . and other federal regulations. Generally, these are drugs which have a high Such drugs include, but are not limited to. Heroin, "Crack " PCP and "Ice." They also include "legal drugs Generally potential for abuse. Marijuana, Cocaine, u.u^r,, .... ....- . j , ,, ..
.. which are prescribed by a licensed physician and are illegally distributed. dispensed or sold on school premises or at school-related activities. III. Procedures The Little Rock School District will not differentiate between drug users and drug pushers or sellers. Any employee who is guilty of possession, use or distribution of a controlled substance and/or alcohol on school premises or as a part of any school-related activity will be subject to and including termination of employment and referral disci pli ne up to for prosecution. 2. The buidling principal or other ad.ministrative head shall notify the superintendent or his/her designee of ary employee guilty of a drug- related violation occurring on Little Rock School District property or at school-related activities, and impose sanctions on the gullty employee. Alternatively, the school district may give the employee the option, at the employee's expense, to successfully complete a drug/alcohol abuse program sponsored by an accredited and approved private or governmental cry 3. 4. 6. 7. insti tution. Each employee is required to inform the district within five (5) days after he or she is convicted for violation of any federal or state criminal drug statute where such violation occurred on the district's premises or during district-sponsored activities. A conviction means a finding of guilt (including a plea of nolo contendre) or the imposition of a sentence by a judge or jury in any federal court, state court or other court of competent jurisdiction. If any employee is convicted of violating any criminal drug statute while in the workplace, he or she will be subject to discipline up to and including termination. Alternatively, the school district may give the employee the option, at the employee's expense, to successfully complete a drug/alcohol abuse program sponsored by an accredited and approved private or governmental institution. By virtue of Little Rock School District participation in federally funded programs, the law requires all employees of the District to abide by these regulations as a condition of employment in the Little Rock School Di strict. Each unit administrator shall be responsible for compliance with the reporting and certification procedures outlined in this policy and shall maintain, at the building site, appropriate documentation to demonstrate compllance. All employees are to be made cognizant of this policy and regulations and are required to sign an acknowledgement form and return it to the unit administrator. 1.LITTLE ROCK SCHOOL DISTRICT EPS CODE: GBB DRUG FREE SCHOOLS AND CAMPUSES This policy The purpose of this policy is to comply with the Drug Free Schools and Communities Act Amendment of 1989 and Public Law 101-226. This policy is applicable to all employees of the Little Rock School District. students, the Drug abuse and use during working hours are subjects of immediate concern in our society. From a safety perspective, the users of drugs may impair the well-being of all employees, students, the public at large, and may cause damage to school district property Therefore it is the policy of the Little Rock School District that the unlawful manufacture, distribution, possession, sale, dispensation or use of alcohol or a controlled substance on district property or at school-related activities is prohibited. pi upei uy UI dL scnooi-Any employee violating this policy will be subject to discipline un tn anH i nrl itdi nn _______i . to and including termination and referral for prosecution. POLICY RECEIPT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I, ____________________________ Little Rock School District, a copy of the district's hereby , an employee of the certify that I have received drug-f ree work envi ronraent. policy regarding the maintenance .of a I am aware that the unlawful manufacture, distribution, of alcohol or control 1ed sale, dispensation, substance possession or use on Little Rock School District prohibited. property, or at school related activities/events, am also aware that violation of subject realize district me to that as discipline up a .condition to and of my this policy will including termination. my employment in this school I must abide by the terms of this policy and will notify employer of any occurring conviction. in the workplace criminal drug conviction for a violation no later that five (5) days after such I a i s I Signed DateI. REGULATION LITTLE ROCK SCHOOL DISTRICT EPS CODE: GBB Purpose DRUG FREE SCHOOLS AND CAMPUSES To set forth procedures for regulating and monitoring the implementation of the Drug Free Schools and Campuses policy. Il. Definition of Terms The term "controlled substance" means any drug listed in 11 U:S.C. Section 812 and other federal regulations. Generally, these are drugs which have a high Such drugs include, but are not limited to. Heroin, "Crack," PCP and "Ice." They also include "legal drugs" potential for abuse. Marijuana, Cocaine, . v. ....- - - which are prescribed by a licensed physician and are illegally distributed, dispensed or sold on school premises or at school-related activities. III. Procedures The Little Rock School District will not differentiate between drug users u.uu o w. o=,lv. .. Any employee who is guilty of possession, or distribution of a controlled substance and/or alcohol on school and drug pushers or sellers. use or distribution or a control leo suuslohuc a.iu/ur premises or as a part of any school-related activity will be subject to UI Ob a pui t . ------------------------ 1. J r ^-1 discipline up to and including termination of employment and referroi 2. for prosecution. The buidling principal or other administrative head shall notify the superintendent or his/her designee of ary employee guilty of a drug- related violation occurring on Little Rock School District property or at school-related activities, and impose sanctions on the guilty employee. Alternatively, the school district may give the employee the option, at the employee's expense, to successfully complete a drug/alcohol abuse accredited and approved private or governmental program sponsored by an insti tution. 3. Each employee is required to inform the district within five (5) days after he or she is convicted for violation of any federal or state criminal drug statute where such violation occurred on the district's premises or during district-sponsored activities. A conviction means a finding of guilt (including a plea of nolo contendre) or the imposition of a sentence by a judge or jury in any federal court, state court or other court of competent jurisdiction. If any employee is convicted of violating any criminal drug statute while in the workplace, he or she will be subject to discipline up to and including termination. Alternatively, the school district may give the employee the option, at the employee's expense, to successfully complete a drug/alcohol abuse program sponsored by an accredited and approved private or governmental institution. 5. By virtue of Little Rock School District participation in federally funded programs, the law requires all employees of the District to abide by these regulations as a condition of employment in the Little Rock School Di strict. 6. Each unit administrator shall be responsible for compliance with the reporting and certification procedures outlined in this policy and shall maintain, at the building site, appropriate documentation to demonstrate compli ance. 7. All employees are to be made cognizant of this policy and regulations and are required to sign an acknowledgement form and return it to the unit administrator. 1. 4.received JUL 1 t99t OHice of Desegregation Monitoring LITTLE ROCK SCHOOL DISTRICT DRUG TESTING PROGRAM June 1991I. Little Rock School District Drug Testing Program A, Program Overview The safety and District's maintained. students security shall of be the Little a priority and Rock School alcohol, The influence or use of drugs, always including is capable of threatening the safety of our students and cannot be tolerated. The Little Rock School District (LRSD) is committed to providing a drug free work environment for employees. the safety of students and The possession, use, transfer, or sale of alcohol and/or any illegal drug while on duty is strictly prohibited. Being under the influence of alcohol and/or any illegal drug while on duty is also strictly prohibited. B. Scope of Program All LRSD employees whose primary job is the transporting of students in vehicles owned, leased, or rented by LRSD will abide by this program. II. Definitions A. "Abuse and/or untimely use of alcohol": Having an alcohol concentration in the blood or breath of 0.4% or greater or having an alcohol concentration in the blood or breath in any amount or degree when coupled with impairment of the employee's ability to safely, properly, and effectively perform his or her assigned duties. B. Drug: Any substance (other than alcohol) that has known mind or function-altering effects on human subject, specifically including any psychoactive substance and including, but not limited to, controlled substances. C. Controlled Substance: a Has the meaning assigned by the Federal Government and includes all substances listed on Schedules I through V as they are presently listed in Regulations, Parts 1301-1306. 21 Code of Federal D. "Abuse and/or untimely and/or drugs": use of controlled substances 1. Testing positive for the presence of any controlled substances in the body in any amount or degree, when coupled with impairment of the employee'sDrug Testing Program June 27, 1991 Page 3 E. ability to safely, properly, perform his/her assigned duties, or and effectively Testing positive for the presence of any drugs in the body at or above the following cutoff levels (nanagrams per milliliter) for the initial drug screen (lA) and the confirming test fGC/MS). NIDA cutoff will be utilized). Marijuana metabolites Cocaine metabolites Opiate metabolites Codeine Morphine Amphetamine Amphetamine Methamphetamine Phencyclidine Drug Screener/Collector: lA 100 300 300 1000 25 (The GC/MS 15 ng/ml 150 ng/ml ng/ml 300 ng/ml 300 ng/ml 500 500 25 2 . The person responsible for collection of specimens under this program. F. Drug Program Coordinator: The person responsible for administration of this program. G. NIDA: National Institute on Drug Abuse H. On Duty: The time beginning when an employee reports for work until the employee finishes work and leaves District property (including any rest and lunch breaks). On duty also includes any time an employee is traveling on LRSD business.Drug Testing Program June 27, Page 4 1991 I. Specimen: A urine sample in the amount of at least 60 milliliters. III. Job Applicant Testing A. All applicants for jobs covered by this program will be required to undergo drug and/or alcohol screening prior to their employment. B. Applicants will be informed in writing prior to any drug and/or alcohol screening that such tests are required and that their employment is conditioned upon passing such tests. Applicants will also be C. D. E. F. IV. District's Testing Drug Program, informed and a program will be made available upon request. Procedures set forth in of the copy of the applicant testing. Section VII will apply to If an applicant's positive, initial drug or alcohol test a confirmation test will be conducted requested by applicant at applicant's expense. confirmation test IS requested. no action on is if If a the applicant's employment will be taken until the results of the confirmation test are available. If an applicant's initial drug or alcohol test or. if requested, confirmation test is positive for alcohol or illegal drugs, applicant will not be employed. On written request by the applicant. a copy of the confirmation test will be supplied to the applicant. Random Employee Testing A. To maintain the District's priority of assuring the safety, health. and well-being of students and the traveling public, LRSD retains the right to randomly test for alcohol and illegal drugs all District employees who are covered by this program. No employee will be B. randomly tested more than two times per school year. Each employee selected for random testing will be assured that his or her selection does not mean suspects usage of alcohol or illegal drugs. that LRSD The processDrug Testing Program June 27, 1991 Page 5 by which employees will be selected for random testing is as follows: 1, All employees subject to this program will be assigned code Coordinator. number by the Drug Program a 2. The Drug Program Coordinator will also assign each month of the school year (August through May) a one digit code number. When the last digit of an employee's number 4, corresponds with the code number for the month in which tests are being conducted, the employee will be tested. If an employee is unavailable for testing on the assigned date, he or she will be tested on the next drug testing date. 3, 5. The procedures set forth in Section VII will be used for all random testing of employees. 6. If the employee's confirmation test is positive for abuse and/or untimely use of alcohol or abuse and/or untimely use of controlled substances and/or drugs, he or she shall be terminated. V. Employee Testing for Cause A. An LRSD administrator who has a reasonable suspicion that an employee under his or her supervision is guilty of abuse and/or untimely use of alcohol or abuse and/or untimely use of controlled substances and/or drugs may require the employee to undergo a drug and/or alcohol test. Reasonable suspicion may be based, among other things, on an employee's observed behavior which is indicative of drug or alcohol use, reports from a reliable source of suspected drug use or possession. or the employee's admission of possession or use of drugs and/or alcohol. B. The administrator will follow the following process in cases where the administrator reasonably suspects abuse and/or untimely use of alcohol or abuse and/or untimely use of controlled substances and/or drugs: 1. Solicit an explanation from the employee for any behavior which creates a reasonable suspicion of a violation of this program.Drug Testing Program June 27, Page 6 1991 2 . If the employee cannot satisfactorily explain the , behavior, the supervisor may request the employee to undergo a drug and/or alcohol test (urinalysis). 3 . If the employee agrees to be tested, he or she will complete the LRSD consent form (see attached), and a specimen will be obtained. 4. Procedures set forth in Section VII will apply to employee testing for cause. 5. If the employee refuses to undergo the test or complete the consent form, he or she will be advised that such refusal constitutes a ground for immediate termination. If the employee still refuses to cooperate, he or she will be relieved of duty pending appropriate disciplinary action. 6. If the employee's initial drug and/or alcohol test is positive, administrative the leave employee will of absence be placed pending confirmation test of the employee's specimen. on a If a positive test is not confirmed, the employee's pay and job status will be restored. 7. If the employee's confirmation test is positive for abuse and/or untimely use of alcohol or abuse and/or untimely use of controlled substances and/or drugs, he or she shall be terminated. 8. If the employee is found not to have violated this program and is otherwise medically fit for duty, the employee will be returned to duty. VI. Employee Accident-Related Testing LRSD shall require an employee to undergo drug and/or alcohol testing when an employee is involved in an accident which results in personal injury or property damage while operating a vehicle owned, leased, or rented by LRSD. In such cases the procedures set forth in Section V (Employee Testing for Cause) will be followed, except that the employee will be advised that such tests investigation. are required If the employee's as part of the accident confirmation test is positive for abuse and/or untimely use of alcohol or abuse and/or untimely use of controlled substances and/or drugs, he or she shall be terminated. VII. Procedures During Collection A. To ensure that a chain of custody and specimen controlDrug Testing Program June 27, 1991 Page 7 are maintained, the collection of urine specimens shall . proceed as follows: 1. Upon employee's arrival at the collection site, the collector shall request the individual to present photo identification or other similar official 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. identification. If the individual does not have proper identification, this shall be noted on the chain of custody form. The collector shall notify the Drug Program Coordinator (DPC) immediately. The DPC shall then contact the employee's immediate supervisor individual. to confirm identification of the The employee will be required to complete a pre- test information form which serves as an identification document for the specimen collected. This form will request information regarding the employee's use of prescription and non-prescription drugs which may affect the outcome of the test. The collector shall be of the same gender as the employee. The employee will be required to remove any unnecessary outer garments and to leave outside the collection area any purses, briefcases, or similar items. The employee will be required to wash and dry his or her hands before the test is administered. The employee will then remain in the presence of the collector and not have access to water fountains, faucets, soap dispensers, cleaning agents or any other material which could be used to adulterate the specimen. To deter the dilution of collection site, specimens at the placed in the toilet bowl. toilet bluing agents shall be There should not be any other source of water (e.g., shower, sink, etc.) in the enclosure where the sample is taken. Any transfer of the specimen from the collection container to another observed by the donor. specimen bottle will be No information shall be released concerning the collection of the specimen unless accordance with this policy. it is inDrug Testing Program June 27, 1991 Page 8 9. If after one (1) hour, the employee cannot give the - required specimen, the employee will be required to report at the next Drug/Alcohol Test date. If at the second Drug/Alcohol Test the employee again cannot produce an adequate specimen, the employee will be suspended until the drug test is completed. 10, Immediately after collection, the collector will measure the temperature of the specimen (avoiding cross contamination of specimens) and inspect the specimen for signs of contaminants. Any unusual findings resulting from the inspection shall be noted on the chain of custody form. The time from when the specimen is collected to delivery of the sample for temperature measurement is critical and in no case shall exceed 4 minutes. The individual giving the specimen will be asked to observe the reading of the temperature and the recording of the reading on the control form. He or she will then be asked to initial in the proper block on the chain of custody form. If the temperature of the specimen is outside the range of 32.5-37.7 degrees C/90.5-99.8 degrees F., another specimen shall be collected, specimens specimen under direct forwarded to observation. the suspected to be forwarded for testing. and laboratory. adulterated will both Any be 11. Both the employee being tested and the collector should keep the specimen in view at all times until it has been packaged and sealed for shipment. If the specimen is transferred to a second container, the collector observe the transfer shall request the individual of the specimen and to the placement of the tamper-proof seal over the bottle cap and down the sides of the bottle. 12 . The identification label should contain the date of collection. name of collection required identifying information. official, and The individual shall initial the label on the specimen bottle, using initials corresponding with the name on the chain of custody form. 13 . The individual shall be asked to read and sign a certification statement certifying that the urine in the bottle came from his or her body at the time of collection. Refusal to sign this statement shall be noted on the certification statement form by the collector. Refusal to sign this statement.Drug Testing Program June 27, Page 9 1991 without justification, will result in disciplinary , action. 14. 15, The collector shall complete the chain of custody form for the collection process. All procedures shall be conducted in a detached and objective manner. 16. The specimen and chain of custody form with certification statement will be shiped immediately to the contractor laboratory. Reasonable suspicion specimens shall be shipped, in all cases, to the testing laboratory the same day of collection. VIII. Failure of Employee to Report to Designated Collection Site A. Upon notification by the DPC that an employee has failed to appear for a scheduled collection, the supervisor shall discuss with the employee the reason(s) for failing to appear. If the employee provides a legitimate reason for failing to report, no disciplinary action will be taken. B. If the employee does not provide a legitimate reason(s) for failing to report, the supervisor shall document the failure in writing and the employee will be suspended without conducted. payr until a drug and/or alcohol test IS IX. Employee Refusal to Provide Specimen at the Collection Site A. In the event an employee refuses to provide a specimen, the following procedures shall apply. 1. The DPC and director of the employee's department will be contacted. The employee will be advised by the director of the department or his representative that refusal to provide a specimen will result in termination. 3. The director of the department shall initiate appropriate disciplinary action against an employee if the employee still refuses specimen. to provide 2 . a X, Failure of Employee to Provide Specimen A. Upon notification by the DPC that an employee has failed to provide a sufficient quantity of urine (at least 60Drug Testing Program June 27, Page 10 1991 milliliters), the supervisor shall be documenting all relevant details to responsible for support any disciplinary action taken against an employee because of failing to provide a specimen. B. The director of the employee's department or his representative shall meet with employee to see if the employee has legitimate reasons for not providing a specimen. C. If the employee has legitimate reasons, he or she will be required to take the drug test within twenty-four hours. D. If the employee does not have a legitimate reason, he or she will be suspended without pay until the test is taken. XI. Right of Refusal All applicants and employees have the right to refuse to undergo drug testing. testing will be denied employment. Applicants who refuse to undergo such undergo such testing will be terminated. Employees who refuse to XII. Test Results A. Employees who are given the initial drug screening urine drug detection test for alcohol, barbiturates. amphetamines, marijuana, morphine. heroin, cocaine, and phencyclidine (PCP) may be provided with test results in one day. B. If the employee test is positive on the initial drug screening drug detection system for alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, barbiturates, amphetamines, morphine (heroin), and phencyclidine (PCP) a more specific alternate chemical testing method will be used in order to obtain a confirmed analytical result. All positive samples will be stored at the confirmation laboratory for a period of at least one (1) year. C. There are a number of different confirmation tests available cocaine, (heroin). for drugs of abuse phencyclidine (PCP), (alcohol, marijuana, amphetamines, morphine LRSD will select a company or laboratory with the necessary experience, knowledge, and background to do all confirmation testing. The company or laboratory will be certified by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) or college of American Pathologists (AP) .Drug Testing Program June 27, Page 11 1991 D. Confirmation test results may be provided to the , employees who request them in writing within five (5) working days of the notification of their confirmation test results. E. Both applicants and employees may provide a written, explanation for their positive test results and request reconfirmation of their original sample at their own expense. XIII. Employee Notification All employees and job applicants will be advised of the Little Rock School District Drug Testing Program. Notice of the program will be posted on employee bulletin boards and copies of the program will be conveniently available for XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. applicants and employees to review. Employee Appeal A. job Any employee may appeal his or her discharge or other disciplinary action taken under this policy. Any employee may appeal his or her discharge or any other disciplinary action to the extent and in the manner such appeal is authorized by Board policy or appropriate law. Testing Time for Employee A. All employees who are subject to drug and/or alcohol testing will be allowed to take the test on work time. Job applicants will receive no compensation for testing. Self-Referral Substance Abuse Option A. Employees who voluntarily advise LRSD of an alcohol, narcotic, or substance abuse problem prior to being tested for alcohol and illegal drugs shall be eligible for a leave of absence without pay or benefits for the purpose of treatment and rehabilitation for a period not to exceed six (6) months. Upon completion of the leave. LRSD may require the employee to provide certification that he or she is capable of performing his or her duties and free from the effects of his or her prior drug or alcohol use. Return to service is conditioned on the employee being willing to submit to monthly drug testing for one calendar year. Confidentiality A. LRSD recognizes the legal need for strict confidentiality as it relates to test results. Confidentiality appliesDrug Testing Program June 27, Page 12 1991 to all information relating to the employee drug testing, result and treatment and no person other than necessary management will have access to drug testing results. B. An employee may waive the confidentiality of the drug test, test To waive confidentiality of the drug screening the employee must authorization to the LRSD. give written letter- of XVIII. Record Maintenance a It shall be the responsibility of the Drug Program Coordinator to see that all drug and/or alcohol test records generated by the Safety and Security Department are properly stored. Records resulting from the testing of LRSD employees for drug and/or alcohol abuse (e.g., chain of custody form, negative test results, confirmed positive test result, waiver forms, etc.) shall be maintained by the Drug Program Coordinator. XIX. Responsibility It shall be the responsibility of the Safety and Security Department to administer the Drug/alcohol Test Program for the Little Rock School District.LITTLE ROCK SCHOOL DISTRICT SAFETY AND SECURITY DEPARTMENT 1002 E. 21ST STREET LITTLE ROCK, AR 72206 RANDOM DRUG TESTING PROGRAM CHECKLIST FOR EMPLOYEES You have been identified through a process of random selection for drug testing by urinalysis. Please be assured that your selection and the selection of other employees in your facility for such drug testing in no way reflects that the agency has a specific cause to suspect the usage of illegal drugs. The process by which you have been selected uses the last number in your drug identification number. All eligible employees in that are under the drug testing policy and are listed in a random order and, on the day chosen for testing, a preset percentage are notified to report for testing. The number of employees selected for drug and/or alcohol testing are determined by a preset percentage. This process continues until the predetermined number of tests are completed. Please take a few minutes to read the following information, describes your role in the collection process. which Present required drivers license to the collector. When instructed by the collector, complete the Drug Testing Control Form. On this form, you may list any prescription and over-the- counter drugs that you use. strictest confidence. Any information given is held in Remove any unnecessary outer garments, e.g., coat, jacket. All personal belongings (e.g., purse, briefcase) must remain with outer garment(s). You may retain your wallet. When instructed by collector, wash and dry your hands. You may provide the specimen in the privacy of a stall or otherwise partitioned area that allows for individual privacy. It will be necessary for you to provide a specimen of at least 60 milliliters. If you are unable to provide a sufficient quantity, you will be given a reasonable period of time to provide an adequate specimen. As a general rule, you will be allowed a maximum of 1 hour in which to provide your RANDOM DRUG TESTING PROGRAM CHECKLIST FOR EMPLOYEES specimen. If at the end of the waiting period you still cannot provide a specimen, drug testing will be rescheduled by the Drug Program Coordinator. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IPage 2 I I I I You should observe the entire collection procedure. I I I I When instructed, read, sign, and date the certification statement certifying that the specimen in the bottle is yours and came from your body at the time of collection. I 1 1 1 Note the temperature reading on the bottle and verify that the temperature was correctly recorded by initialing in the proper space on the form. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 If you have any questions or concerns, share them with the Collector, your supervisor, or the Drug Program Coordinator. You are to report to at on (Address) (Time) (Date) for your test. 1 1 1 1 If you have an emergency and cannot make the appointment please contact your supervisor at (Name) (Phone number) 1 I 1 1 This form was given to the employee on at (Time) by (Date) (Supervisor) Employee's signature Date and timeSPECIFICATIONS FOR ON-SITE TESTING SYSTEM General: Drug testing system that provides for the qualitative detection of parent compound or metabolite for at least, (1) THC, Morphine, (4) Barbiturates, (5) Amphetamines, (6) PCP. (2) Cocaine, (3) Specific: The drug testing system must: 1. Be rapid with results being obtained in less than five minutes. 2. Be able to be conveniently performed "on the spot", (portable) at any location and in the presence of the client/patient/offender. Not require any instrumentation nor the corresponding electrical and plumbing requirements. Not require any daily routine maintenance or calibration procedure, beyond routine quality control. 5. Comply with NIDA Guidelines relative to cut-off/threshold values for each respective assay. 6. Require minimal urine sample volume of less than 25 microliters. 7. Be simple and easy to use so that professional staff can capably perform the test. 8. Not require the pretreatment of urine, or be affected by PH balance of urine. 9. Be in compliance with Food and Drug Administration regulations. 10. Be highly specific and reliable immunoassay that provides easy-to- read, clearly distinguishable positive or negative results. 11. Not require the reading of color differentiation for results. SPECIFICATION FOR CONFIRMATION DRUG/ALCOHOL TEST The Company, Laboratory, or Agency that performs the Confirmation Drug/Alcohol Test must be certified Department of Health Pathologists. and Human Services by either the United States or College of American 3 . 4 . The confirmation test results will be forwarded back to Requesting Agency within twenty-four (24) hours of receipt of sample to be tested.CONTACT LISTINGS Arkansas Highway Department 3994 Greman Leaf Cove Memphis, TN Roche Diagnostic Systems Joe Plaia 3994 German Leaf Cove Memphis, TN Fifth Division Circuit Court Jimmy Potts Little Rock, AR Friday, Eldredge, Clark Law Firm Andy Turner Chris Heller Little Rock, AR Little Rock School District Labor Relations Brady Gadberry Little Rock, AR Little Rock School District Transportation Department Richard Johnson, Director Floyd Cooper, Safety Supervisor Little Rock, AR Little Rock School District Safety and Security Department Bill Barnhouse, Director Little Rock, AR Little Rock School District Risk Management Brad Montgomery Little Rock, AR Arkansas Highway Safety Section Mike Selig 569-2648 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Bldg., Room 3120 Mark WestmorelandArkansas Highway Police Motor Vehicle Richard Brown Drug Free, Inc. 100 S. University Cathy A. Bradshaw Midway Airlines, Inc. Nancy Romski, Director of Personnel 321-838-4610 Atlanta, GA Wayne Yancey 404-656-3377 School District Kansas City Public School District Tom Steaver 816-871-7000 Jackson, MS School District Curtis Starling 601-960-8700 Shreveport, LA Parish Schools Marques Bladds 381-632-6318 Memphis, TN Mr. Douglass School District Director of Transportation 901-325-5540 Louisville, KY C. Duncan 502-473-3470 502-473-3113 - School District Birmingham, AL School District Charles Henry 205-599-8810 CONTACT LISTINGSCONTINUED Roche Diagnostic SystemsLITTLE ROCK SCHOOL DISTRICT 810 WEST MARKHAM STREET LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS received 1 TO: FROM: SUBJECT: June 27, 1991 Board of Directors JUL Oiiico 01 Desegregation Monitoring Ruth S. Steele, Superintendent of Schools CONTRACT FOR SCHOOL DRUG INSURANCE PROGRAM I am enclosing a copy of the contract with Blue Cross Blue Shield in connection with the School Drug Insurance Program, reviewed the contract at my request. Our attorney I recommend that you approve the contract.FIGHTING BACK! BLANKET INSURANCE CONTRACT WITH ARKANSAS BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD, A MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY This is an agreement among Arkansas Blue Cross and Blue Shield, A Mutual Insurance Company, hereinafter referred to as "Insurer", "we" or "us", whose home office is located at 601 Gaines Street, Little Rock, Arkansas and the Little Rock School District, hereinafter referred to as II District, tl "you" or "your. II whose Administrative Office is located at 800 West Markham, Little Rock, Arkansas, and the City of Little Rock, hereinafter referred to as "City", whose offices are located at 500 West Markham, Little Rock, Arkansas. ARTICLE I. WE AGREE: In consideration of the District's and City's execution of the Application for Insurance and of the premium set forth in Schedule A, attached hereto. Insurer agrees to provide Qualified Students insurance coverage for drug and alcohol treatments subject to the following terms and conditions: SECTION I. Definitions A. Plan: The Plan is the School Drug Insurance Program, described in this Agreement, designed by Insurer for Qualified Students of the District. B. Student: A Student is an enrolled. full-time student during the time this Agreement is in force, certified as such by the District. BICC. Gatekeeper: A designated person or persons who has the necessary training, certification and experience to evaluate the drug or alcohol abuse patterns of Students to determine if eligible Students qualify for the benefits available under the Plan. This person or persons will be employed by the District. D. Qualified Student: A Student that has been determined by the Gatekeeper to qualify for services available under the Plan. E. Designated Provider: A health care institution, located in the same county as District, which is licensed and qualified to render treatment for alcohol and drug abuse and which has entered into an agreement with Insurer to participate in the Plan. SECTION II. Benefits A. Up to $360.00 per Qualified Student for Level 1 Treatment by a Designated Provider, Education and Counseling: Treatment consists of (a) two one-hour group sessions per week for up to four weeks. if necessary. and (b) one one-hour private session and three two-hour group sessions with the Qualified Student's family. B. Up to $2,240.00 per Qualified Student for Level 2 Treatment by a Designated Provider, Intervention Group Therapy: Treatment consists of (a) an initial assessment, (b) three one-hour group sessions, per week for up to eight weeks
(c) follow-up with two-hour group or one-hour individual sessions each week for six months
(d) one one-hour private session and up to six two-hour group sessions for the Qualified Students's family. BIC 2C. Up to $6,500.00 per Qualified Student for Level 3 Treatment by a Designated Provider, Limited Residential Care: Treatment consists of (a) social, physical and psychological assessment of the Qualified Student
(b) twenty-four hour residential care for no more than seven days
(c) after residential care, three-hour group sessions three times a week for six months
(d) three one-hour private sessions and six two-hour group sessions for members of the Qualified Student's family
(e) periodic drug screening and (f) for Qualified Students with severe chemical dependency, inpatient detoxification for up to three days. D. Up to $13,500.00 per Qualified Students for Level 4 Treatment by a Designated Provider, Intensive Residential Care: Treatment consist of (a) twenty-four hour supervised residential living up to ninety days
(b) after care one one-hour individual session per week or one two-hour group session per week for six months
(c) Level 3 treatment components (a) , (d) , (e) and (f). SECTION III. Limitations A. No benefits are provided under this Contract to any student other than a Qualified Student. B. No benefits will be provided for admission of a Qualified Student in Level 3 Treatment more than once during a twelve month period. C. No benefits will be provided for admission of a Qualified Student in Level 4 Treatment more than once during a twelve month period. BIC 3D. No benefits will be provided for a Qualified Student's Level of Treatment which is not started while this contract is in force. E. No benefits will be provided for a Qualified Student's Level of Treatment which is not provided by a Designated provider. SECTION IV. Other Insurance A. Designated Providers have agreed to accept payment under the Plan as payment in full. B. If any of the' benefits under the Plan are available to a Qualified Student under any other individual, group or blanket disability insurance policy, health maintenance organization plan. union welfare plan. employer or employee benefit organization. self-insurance or any other non-regulated group disability benefit plan, benefits of the Plan will be reduced when the sum of: 1. Benefits that would be payable under the Plan in the absence of coverage of the Qualified Student's other insurance
and 2. The benefits that would be payable under the Qualified Student's other insurance, in the absence of the Plan, exceed the maximum Benefit, set forth in Section III. of this Contract, for the Qualified Student's Level of Treatment. In that case, the benefits of the Plan will be reduced so that they and the benefits payable under the other insurance do not total more than the maximum Benefits set forth in Section II. of this Article for the Qualified Student's Level of Treatment. SECTION V. Other Provisions BIC 4A. As condition of coverage, District authorizes a Designated Providers to furnish Insurer, its agents, or any of its subsidiaries, upon request. all records, or copies thereof, relating to services provided under the Plan. B. Notice and Proof of Claim 1. You must submit written proof of any treatment received by a Qualified Student under the_ Plan not later than December 31 of the calendar year following the one in which such treatment was received. We shall furnish you such forms as are usually furnished by us for filing proof of claim. If such forms are not so furnished within fifteen (15) days after you give us written notice of treatment of a Qualified Student, you shall be deemed to have complied with the requirements as to proof of claim upon submitting within the time fixed for filing proof of claim (subparagraph 1. above), written proof covering the occurrence, character and extent of loss for which claim is made. 3. Benefits payable under the Plan will be payable 2. immediately upon receipt of written proof of claim. C. Legal Actions. No court suits shall be brought to recover from the Plan before sixty (60) days after written proof of claim has been furnished in accordance with the requirements of this contract. No legal action shall be brought after the expiration of three (3) years from the time written proof of claim is required to be furnished. BIC 5ARTICLE II. UNLESS OTHERWISE AGREED IN WRITING, THE CITY AGREES: SECTION I. To pay us the premium charges set forth in Schedule A of this Contract. SECTION II. That the District is the member of Arkansas Blue Cross and Blue Shield with authority to act in accordance with Article V. of this Contract. ARTICLE III. UNLESS OTHERWISE-AGREED IN WRITING, THE DISTRICT AGREES TO: SECTION I. Act as the agent for your Students (not of us) in all dealings between us and such Students including: A. Notifying us of changes in Students' status
B. Provide notice to us of a Student's acceptance into the program, which Designated Provider and Level of Treatment. C. Providing Students all communications and notices from us. SECTION II. Employ and train the Gatekeeper. SECTION III. Hold Insurer harmless against any claims or liability which may arise as a result of Gatekeeper's determination of Designated Provider or Level of Treatment. ARTICLE IV. ALL PARTIES AGREE: SECTION I. . This Blanket Insurance Contract and the accompanying application constitute the entire contract among the parties. All statements by you shall be deemed representations and not warranties, unless there is fraud. No statement will be used to void coverage or reduce benefits unless it is contained in a written application. BIC 6SECTION II. We may amend the terms of this Contract. If we do so, we will give 30 days written notice to you. Such change shall be effective on the date fixed in the notice. Unless all of the parties agree to another date, any change in benefits and premiums shall occur on the anniversary date. SECTION III. Any of the parties can cancel this Contract by thirty days written notice to the others. We cannot cancel before the last day of any period for which we have received premiums. ARTICLE V. POLICY PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO MEMBERSHIP, MEETING AND VOTING. SECTION I. Annual Meetinp. An annual meeting of the members shall be held each and every calendar year in the State of Arkansas for the purpose of electing directors. receiving and considering reports as to the business and affairs of the Corporation, and transacting such other business as may properly come before the meeting. The meeting shall be held between January 1 and April 1 of each year at such place, date and time as shall be fixed by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. The Board of Directors may, from time to time, provide that the place, date and time of the annual meeting shall be set forth in the policy of members as provided in Article III, Section 3 of these ByLaws. [THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MEMBERS SHALL BE HELD EACH YEAR AT THE HOME OFFICE OF THE COMPANY ON THE THIRD THURSDAY IN MARCH AT 1:00 P.M. (PROVIDED, IF SUCH DAY SHALL BE A LEGAL HOLIDAY, BIC 7THEN AT THE SAME TIME AND PLACE ON THE NEXT SUCCEEDING DAY WHICH IS NOT A LEGAL HOLIDAY)]. SECTION II. Special Meetings. A special meeting of members for any purpose may be called by the Board of Directors or Chief Executive Officer, and shall be called by the Chief Executive Officer or the Secretary at the request of members holding one- third (1/3) of the voting power entitled to vote at such meeting. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the meeting and no other business outside the scope of the stated purpose or purposes shall be transacted. Unless ordered by the Board of Directors, the time and place of each special meeting of members shall be determined by the Chief Executive Officer. SECTION III. Notice of Meetings. So long as each insurance policy issued by the Corporation sets forth the place, date and hour of the annual meeting of members, no notice of any annual meeting shall be required to be given to any member, regardless of the number or nature of proposals to be considered and voted upon at the annual meeting. If notice of the annual meeting is not set forth in each insurance policy, written or printed notice of the annual meeting and every special meeting of the members, stating the place, date, time and the purpose or purposes of such meeting shall be given to the members entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10), nor more than sixty (60), days before the date of the meeting. All such notices shall be given, either personally or by mail, by or at the direction of the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary unless ordered by the Board of Directors. Notices BIC 8which shall be mailed shall be deemed to be II given" when deposited in the United States Mail addressed to the member at the member's address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage prepaid [first class mail, if the notice is mailed thirty (30) days or less before the date of the meeting], and any notice transmitted other than by mail shall be deemed to have been "given" when delivered to the member. SECTION IV. Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law. majority of the members of the Corporation (present in person or by proxy) shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any annual or special meeting of the members of the Corporation. SECTION V. Voting Rights. Each member shall be entitled to one vote for each policy held by him upon each matter coming to a vote at meetings of members. Provided, a group policyholder shall be entitled to a number of votes equal to the number of certificate holders insured under the group policy. Such vote may be exercised in person or by written proxy. SECTION VI. Vote Reguired. A majority of the voting power represented at any meeting of members shall be necessary and sufficient to approve any given matter. There shall be no a cumulative voting. SECTION VII. Proxy. At all meetings of members a member may vote by proxy executed in writing by the member or by the member's duly authorized attorney in fact. Such proxy shall be filed with the Secretary before commencement of the meeting or at such later BIC 9time as shall be expressly permitted by the Corporate officer presiding at such meeting. Each application for an insurance policy issued by the Corporation shall contain a provision pursuant to which the policyholder thereof grants a revocable proxy to the Board of Directors with respect to all matters to be considered and voted upon by members at any meeting for the term of such insurance policy. BIC 10ARKANSAS BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD, A MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY 601 Gaines Street Little Rock, Arkansas 72201 (herein called the Company) BLANKET INSURANCE APPLICATION AND PROXY COMPANY, IN CONSIDERATION of the application made by (herein called the District) Blanket Insurance Contract Number and in consideration of payment by the City of the charges as herein provided in Schedule A, agrees to provide the benefits described in the Blanket Insurance Contract. This agreement shall be for a period of (the Effective Date) to ( ) months beginning at 12:01 a.m. on , (the Anniversary Date) and from year to year thereafter, unless the Contract is canceled as provided therein. The premiums shall be paid in advance of the Effective Date and thereafter as provided herein. This Application is made and delivered in the State of Arkansas. It is governed by the laws of such and is subject to the terms and conditions of Application by reference. the Group Contract, which is a part of this Signed at 19 , this ARKANSAS BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD, A MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY LITTLE ROCK SCHOOL DISTRICT Authorized Signature Authorized Signature CITY OF LITTLE ROCK Authorized Signature BIC 11PROXY I hereby appoint the Board of Directors ("Board") of Arkansas Blue Cross and Blue Shield, A Mutual Insurance Company ("Company") as my proxy to act on my behalf at all meetings of members of the Company. This appointment shall include such persons as the Board may designate by resolution to act on its behalf. the Board, or its designee, This proxy gives matters that may be voted upon at any meeting. full power to vote for me on all The annual meeting of Members is held each year at the home office of the Company on the third Thursday of March, at 1:00 o'clock p.m. beginning March 17, 1988. If the third Thursday of March is a legal holiday, then the meeting will be at the same time and place on the next day after, which is not a legal holiday. Special meetings may be called upon notice mailed not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days prior to,such meeting. This proxy, unless revoked. shall remain in effect during my membership in the Company. I may revoke this proxy in writing by advising the Company of such at least five (5) days prior to any meeting. I may also revoke my proxy by attending and voting in person at any Member's meeting. Address By: Signature and Title Dated this day of 19 BIC 12SCHEDULE A PREMIUM FOR THE FIGHTING BACK BLANKET INSURANCE CONTRACT SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS: Annual Premium $267,000 Payment of premium will be made semi-annually. The initial premium charge, of no less than $133,500, shall be paid on the Effective Date, and no coverage shall be in effect until such payment is received. Subsequent payments, the balance of the annual premium. shall be payable on or before the semi-annual date of the Effective Date. BIC 13November 1993 Vol. 5, No. 2 ^4 p arent talk JIL A DDrruugg Education Newsletter for Parents in the LRSD iiUtitiinnnnitHiUCS B B Safe Homes Program Comes to Little Rock Parent Power! has become the rallying cry of parent groups across the country who have joined together to implement a SAFE Homes initiative in their communities. The SAFE Homes program originated in New Jersey and Nebraska in 1991 because of the growing concern of parents regarding the alarming increase in drug and alcohol use among teenagers. Parents in these communities were asked to join in the effort by signing a SAFE Homes Pledge. Further, the parents agreed to cooperate with schools, law enforcement and young people to create a healthy atmosphere in which the use of alcohol and other drugs was no longer considered the norm. Guidelines which SAFE Home parents follow include: to develop and communicate a clear no drug use position about alcohol and other drugs
to not allow the illegal use of drugs or alcohol in the home or on family property
to not allow parties or gatherings in the home when parents or other responsible adults are not present
to support school and law enforcement policies regarding the use of alcohol and other drugs and to encourage the use of appropriate discipline in dealing with offenders
to set an example that can be followed by children, and to remember that appropriate and consistent discipline indicates concern and love. The Little Rock School District Drug Free Schools Advisory Council has adopted as one of its goals for the 1993-94 school year to implement a SAFE Homes Program in the city of Little Rock. An objective of the program is to have all Little Rock School District parents with children ages ten and older signed and pledged by the end of the first semester. This age group represents a critical period for experimentation. According to a recent Youth Health Survey conducted (1992) by the Centers for Disease Control, alcohol consumption is much more widespread among young people than the use of tobacco or any other illegal drug. The Center surveyed approximately 11,631 teenagers in 9th through 11th grades: Fifty nine percent of the students reported that in the previous month, they had consumed one alcoholic drink, while 14% said they had used cocaine in one form or another
thirty-seven percent said they consumed five or more drinks on one occasion within the past month. In fact, the survey suggests that one third of our nations youth are problem drinkers. In our own city, alcohol and drug use are a leading cause of teenager overdose - requiring hospitalization. A Drug Use Survey administered to Little Rock School District elementary students (4th, Sth and 6th grades) and secondary students (grades 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th) in September, 1992, indicated serious drug use among out youth. Results of both surveys on selected drug use items are listed below: Elementary Level (3,931 students surveyed) Questions Responses 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 8. 9. Have you ever smoked a cigarette? Have you smoked within the past 30 days? Have you ever drunk alcohol? Have you drunk any alcoholic beverage within the last 30 days? Have you ever used marijuana? Have you used marijuana in the last 30 days? Have you ever used Cocaine? Have you used Cocaine within the last 30 days? Have you ever used an inhalant Yes 7.5% 2.4% 17.1% 5.1% 2.8% 1.5% 2.3% 2.3% 7.2% 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 8. 9. Secondary Level (4,544 students surveyed) Have you ever drunk alcohol? Have you had a drink of alcohol in the past 30 days? Have you used alcohol/drugs at school during the past school year? Have you used alcohol/drugs after school during the past year? Have you had 5 or more drinks per occasion in the past 30 days? Have you ever used alcohol/drugs on the way to school Have you ever used alcohol/drugs right after school? How easy is it for you to get alcohol? (Very Easy) Have you ever used marijuana? 10. Have you used in the past 30 days? 11. Have you ever sniffed anything to get high? 12. Have you ever used cocaine? 13. Have you ever used cocaine in the past 30 days? 14. When you drink do you drink to get drunk? 15. Have you ever been too drunk to remember what happened. 16. Have you ever come to school or gone to work with a hangover? 17. Within the past 6 months, have you 60.4% 30.3% 14.9% 18.0% 19.9% 14.4% 18.1% 60.2% 24.0% 11.3% 18.4% 8.4% 3.7% 41.5% 19.5% 15.8% been in danger due to your drinking? 16.5% 18. During the past year, have you used alcohol/drugs in school: 12.2% 10. Have you used an inhalant within the last 30 days? 11. Have you ever used other drugs? 6.2% 3.4% Clearly it is time for parents and other concerned citizens in Little Rock to unite and send a consistent and unified message to vulnerable young people about the dangers of drug use. Parents who are interested in finding out more about the SAFE HOMES program or want to be involved in its implementation are encouraged to call the Pupil Services Office at 324-2162 or the PTA president at your childs school. See Pledge Form on page 6. Little Rock School District Peer Helpers Hold Annual Retreats Expressions such as, it was really fun, I learned a lot, "I want to come back next year, could be heard form the elementary peer helpers as they prepared to leave at the end of their first annual Peer Helper Training retreat held on September 17 and October 8, 1993, at the Ferndale 4-H Center. A special expression came from a Peer Helper from Otter Creek Elementary School who wrote: "Thank you for organizing the peer training retreat. It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed leamingabouthelpingyourpeers. Also, I would like to thank you for letting us perform our dance. I had a lot of fun learning it and performing itfor the other students. I thank you again"! Sincerely, Jessica B. Davenport Because of the large number of Peer Helpers at the elementary level, two training retreats were held at Ferndale. Peer retreats are District sponsored training events that bring students from across the District together to enhance skills and share ideas and information for improving their school-based Peer program. In addition to skill building, the peers also learn how to use energizers and music to add vitality and fun to the learning experience. About 225 students and adult sponsors participated in the first annual elementary peer retreat. A three day training retreat for secondary students was held November 3, 4, & 5, 1993, also at the Ferndale 4-H Center. The three days and two nights that secondary students spend in training make it possible to broaden the scope of the training to include relevant issues that students have to daily cope with in their lives. At the heart of peer programs are a range of student delivered projects that are implemented in both the schools and communities by Peer Helpers. Projects are varied and include: peer tutoring, cross-age peer education which allows secondary students to tutor, mentor and provide educational presentations in elementary schools for elementary students
diversity training designed to increase the students understanding and acceptance of individual, cultural, racial, religious and gender differences as well as encourage students to become proactive in their schools to help others learn about and appreciate and value differences. Other projects being implemented are: Orientation of new students Anti-drug use campaigns Peer mediation Peer education, i.e., AIDS awareness, suicide prevention, pregnancy prevention Assistance to students with special needs Providing a listening ear, and Community outreach. There are also a wide variety of other projects and services aimed at promoting a more caring, affirming and nurturing school environment. Over 1,912 elementary and secondary students are involved in Peer Programs throughout the Little Rock School District. li I Peer Helpers learning how to work cooperatively to solve a problem. Recovery providing a hard hitting prevention message through music. f. 1 Suzi Davis, Peer Helper sponsor at Mann Magnet leading a skill building session for advanced level Peer Helpers. 12? Peer Helpers working on school design for district Peer Helping Quilt. I Heading home. A child 15 a person who is going to carry on what you have started. He is going to sit where you are sitting and whenyou are gone, attend to those things you think are important. You may adopt all of the policiesyou please, but how they are carried out depends on him. He will assume control of your cities, states, and nations. He is going to move in and take over your churches, schools, universities, and corporations... Thefate of humanity is in his hands... Abraham Lincoln 2 Armed Services branches present colors. Elementary Peer Helpers registering for retreat. Elementary Peer Helpers demonstrate a helping project. Peer Helpers get marching instructions from Marine, Navy and Coast Guard Officers, Randall Eller, an illusionist, puts "magic" Peer Advisory Council members lead group into Peer Helping. in rousing energizer. 1993-9^^ Peer Advisory Courrcil members & sponsors. Developing Lifeski Us Empowerment For Success Empowerment is a frequently used term and one that is important in the healthy development of every child. While the needs for survival, recreation, belonging, freedom and power are equally important, the need for Power seems to be the most difficult to satisfy. Power is one of the most effective incentives that can be offered to motivate children to learn. Fore example, children who cant read, according to the experts, have removed the need for reading from their minds because they have failed to see reading as a way to satisfy their need for power. Once they realize that reading will gain them power, they will begin to read. Helping children to succeed in tasks both at home or at a school is empowering. Giving choices is one of the most common methods of giving children power in their lives. Allowing them to select form a variety of acceptable options is an empowering experience. Relevance. Providing learning experiences that are relevant is crucial for helping children relate learning to empowerment. Children and youth must see that what they are being asked to learn has meaning for them. Taking the time to explain the relevance of what they are learning rather than just tell kids to do it just because 1 say so, helps them to understand and accept the learning activity as meaningful both now and in the future. Responsibility. We have discovered that while giving choices is empowering, it is also essential that children are taught to be responsible for their choices. During family meetings or in talking with kids individually it is important to be sure that they understand that they are responsible for the choices they make. Empowerment with responsibility should be our goal. By giving children and youth many appropriate opportunities to satisfy their need for power, we are assuring success for all children. 5 Drug Information Update Teen girls have highest gonorrhea rate. . . Of 544,000 cases of gonorrhea diagnosed in 1991, a third were teenagers and teenage girls have the countrys highest rate of infection - 22 times higher than women 30 and older. Teenage boys arent far behind, federal health officials reported. Gonorrhea, which could signal possible AIDS infection, also could make teens more vulnerable to AIDS even if they havent yet been exposed to it. Gonorrhea is curable but can cause infertility and heart and joint problems if not caught early. About half of those infected with the disease dont experience symptoms, which can include pain and discharge. Source: The Clarion-Ledger, August 1993 Aids Cases Increasing. . . Since 1981, health officials have reported 233,907 cases of AIDS in the U.S. About 1 million Americans are carriers of the virus. Deaths from AIDS have increased from 6,689 in 1985 to over 45,000 in 1992. The annual cost of treating an AIDS patient is J61,200. Source: Drug Abuse Update, Summer 1992 Syphilis Prevalent Among Teens. . . The rate of syphilis is rising again, particularly among urban teens who are sexually active and who abuse drugs. A recent study of syphilis patients aged 12- 19 shows the disease is most prevalent among females who abuse drugs, particularly cocaine. Almost one-half of patients showed no symptoms, and researchers emphasize that to slow the increased rate of infection, drug-abusing, sexually active teens should be screened for syphilis. Source: Drug Abuse Update, Summer 1S)93 'Two-year'olds say'NO.' Middle schoolers say'SO??? fff -Judith Baenen Drugs, Violence Parents Main Fears. . . According to a survey conducted by the Gallup Organization for Parenting magazine, when it comes to their childrens education, parents are more worried about drugs and violence than grades and teachers. Seventy-eight percent of parents named drugs as their top concern, while 68% listed violence. Parents were able to choose more than one category. Other concerns included low academic standards (68%), quality of teachers (59%), poor curriculum (50%), and class size (48%). Also, 67% of the parents back higher standards for teachers. Source: The Clarion-Ledger, August 1993 Poor Odds for Heroin Recovery. . . Heroin addicts who dont change their lifestyles by their mid-30s are unlikely ever to shake the habit, according to a study conducted by psychologist Douglas Anglin of UCLA School of Medicine. His study shows that an estimated 70,000 Americans are frequent users of heroin and only one in four people treated for heroin addiction at age 25 will be alive, out of jail, and drug free by age 50. Anglin traced 581 male addicts who started court-ordered treatment at an average age of 25. After 24 years, 28% were dead, 47% were in jail or still using heroin, and 25% were drug free. He believes that most rehab programs focus too narrowly on addiction and there is usually a whole range of problems such as psychological causes, housing, job training, and education that should also be treated. Source: USA Today, July 15, 1993 Tobacco Smoke a Toxic Substance. . . A report by the EPA in January concludes that second-hand smoke is a toxic substance, placing it in the same category as asbestos. Second-hand smoke (ETS) is responsible for about 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year. Other reports have shown that ETS is responsible for approximately 50,000 deaths each year in the United States, including about 37,000 heart disease deaths and over 12,000 deaths due to cervical and other cancers. Some of the EPAs findings concerning the effects of ETS on children are as follows: 150,000 to 300,000 cases of pneumonia and bronchitis annually in children up to 18 months of age are attributable to exposure to secondhand smoke. The report estimates that as many as 1 million asthmatic children annually have their condition worsened by exposure to ETS, and ETS exposure is a risk factor for new cases of asthma in children who have not previously displayed symptoms. Source: The Chemical People Newsletter, Summer 1993 Oral Cancer Epidemic Predicted. . . Today, 75% of mouth and throat cancers result from smoking and use of smokeless tobacco. Health care officials warn that if use of smokeless tobacco does not slow, we will experience an epidemic of oral cancer in 20 to 30 years. An estimated 10 to 16 million American use smokeless tobacco. Nearly 20% of male high school students use it and they are often the prime targets of advertising campaigns for smokeless tobacco products. Source: Drug Abuse Update, Summer 1993 Tuberculosis Threat To Certain Populations. . . Although the presence of tuberculosis has declined dramatically among the general population, it has maintained a strong foothold among the homeless, many of whom are alcoholics. Possible reasons for the spread of the disease among this population are the crowded housing in which some exist and the effect alcohol has on suppressing the immune system. Tuberculosis is also on the rise among AIDS patients, and public health officials warn that if adequate resources are not made available to these at-risk populations, they will not be able to control further spread of the disease. Source: Drug Abuse Update, Summer 1993 4Drug Information Update Cost of Substance Abuse Staggering. . . Substance abuse costs the nation $300 billion each year in crime, decreased productivity, and direct health care costs. Drug abuse is the prime culprit in the spread of HIV, and an additional danger is the susceptibility of AIDS patients to drug resistant strains of tuberculosis, causing the president of the Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University to call this a three headed biomedical monster. By the end of 1993, the cost of treating people infected with AIDS will exceed $10 billion. Source: Drug Abuse Update, Summer 1993 Clove Cigarettes Present Danger. . . clove cigarettes appeal to young smokers because they numb the mouth and help inexperienced smokers avoid the initial unpleasantness of smoking. Though the popularity of the cigarettes has decreased due to publicity of their adverse effects, no state bans them or places restrictions on their production. The eugenol in the clove oil is the active ingredient that acts as an anesthetic
a serious danger is that the eugenol can dull the swallowing mechanism and impair breathing, in some cases causing suffocation. Source
Drug Abuse Update, Winter 1992 Rate of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Triples. . . Between 1979 and 1992, the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome more than tripled, says researchers at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Researchers believe that much of the increase is due to greater awareness and reporting by physicians. Symptoms of the syndrome include behavioral problems, abnormal facial features, mental retardation, and growth deficiencies. Source: Drug Abuse Update, Fall 1993 "People get into addictive behavior in order to feel good, and tb^/ eventually have to keep doing it not to feel bad. Dr. Robert Lobis as ijuotei in The Chemical Peovle Newsletter, Summer tjjj Did You Know? Alcohol kills over 100,000 persons and costs this country over S85 billion a year, imposing a $40 billion burden on our health care system alone. In 1991, the U.S. government spent S28 million of taxpayer money to promote consumption of U.S. alcohol products overseas. States which have raised alcohol consumption taxes have tended to have higher college completion rates. The more alcohol a high school student consumes a week, the less likely he/she is to enter or graduate from college. Source: The Chemical People Newsletter, Spring 1993 Drink why Teen-agers Drink Drink when bored 25% to get high 25% Reasons 9% PARENT TALK A publication of the Little Rock School District Drug Abuse Prevention Program, is published quarterly for parents. Funding is provided through the Little Rock School District Drug Free Schools and Communities Grant. PARENT TALK is looking for practical ideas on how parents can help their children to develop physically, emotionally and socially. Reader ideas and comments are always welcome. Send correspondence to : Jo Evelyn Elston, Director, Pupil Services, Little Rock School District, 810 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72201 I I I I I "a hundred years from now it will not matter what my bank account was, the sort of house I lived in, or the kind of car I drove. But the world maybedifferentbecauselwasimportantin the life of a child." -Author unknown, reprinted in Progressive Farmer 5 Gun Violence Casts Shadow On Childrens Lives On May 15, 1993, two teenagers, one seventeen and the other eighteen years of age, shot and killed a Little Rock police officer during an attempted robbery. On July 19,1993, one fifteen year old male and one fourteen year old male were shot and killed by the proprietor of a local business during an attempted robbery of that business. Several youths entered a local restaurant on November 22, 1993, spraying the dining room with bullets and shot two other teenagers in what was described as a gang retaliation shooting. Regular reports like these on the local and national nightly news and in local newspapers are waking up Little Rock citizens to the deepening shadow gun violence is casting on the lives of children in our town and in the nation. According to a poll released by the Harvard School of Public Health in June, 70 percent of the public now believes that the safety of our children is affected by the easy availability of so many guns on the street and in our homes. More often, this awareness comes from personal experience. According to the survey: Twenty percent of all parents reported having had or knowing someone who had a child who was wounded or killed by another child with a gun. Nineteen percent reported knowing a child who was so worried that he or she got a gun for self-protection. Sixteen percent reported that they knew a child who was found playing with a loaded gun. the poll, guns are present in 40 billion American homes, and nearly two in every three households with a gun possesses a handgun (25 million households). Forty four percent of parents with children younger than 18 own a gun, and among those parents, only 43 percent say they keep their gun locked up. Handgun Control, Inc. is also working for passage of state laws that would hold parents liable when their children injure others in accidents with the parents gun. Twelve states now have such laws but Arkansas is not among the twelve. A national campaign has begun to address gun violence as a public health issue. The campaign hopes to focus public attention on effective strategies for reducing gun related violence. Little Rock Youth Homicide Deaths, 1993 As of November 30, 1993, there were thirteen homicide deaths among youth ages 8-21 from handguns in the city of Little Rock. Gender/Age Black White All Races Male 8-14 Years 14 -17 Years 18 - 21 Years Female 226 226 At least 60% of parents said that the widespread availability of guns and the resulting violence have made their children more concerned about their own safety both in school, going to and from school, and that their children have learned to act tougher in an effort to protect themselves. The new data confirm that Americans are desperately concerned about how guns affect their children. Gun control advocate Sarah Brady, chairperson of Handgun Control, Inc., stated that she wasnt surprised by the poll results. What did surprise her, she said, is the number of people saying they believe in BANNING hand guns. The poll indicated that 52% of adults responding favored passage of a federal ban on the ownership of all handguns except for individuals who have permission from a court. The poll also revealed that 72% of the public supports making it illegal to carry a handgun outside the home without a special permit. Mrs. Brady stated that the public still doesnt understand that "if you have a gun at home, youve got a ticking time bomb. According to 10 - 13 Years 14 - 17 Years 18 - 21 Years 1 1 1 12 I Pledge to Provide a Safe Home I will not allow parties or gatherings in my home when Im not there. 1 will not serve, nor will I allow youth under the legal drinking age to consume alcohol in my home or on my property. I will not allow the use of illegal drugs in my home or on my property. Name: Address: Phone: Signature: Complete and return to: Children's Grade Level: Date: Jo Evelyn Elston, Director Pupil Services Department Little Rock School District 810 West Markham Dttle Rock, AR 72201 (501) 324-2162 6 SPOTLIGHT Young People Who Beat The Odds This year the Drug Free Schools Program will replicate a new initiative called Beat the Odds". It is a program that was developed nationally by the Children's Defense Fund (CDC), Washington D.C. in 1990 Annually, the CDC celebrates the positive potential of young people by giving Beat the Odds awards to teens who have overcome tremendous obstacles in their lives to achieve success". Too often, news stories dwell on youths who get into trouble
drop out of school
become involved with gangs or crime
or become parents too soon. Rarely recognized, however, are the many young people who do well despite facing problems such as poverty, homelessness, family breakup or substance abuse that stand in the way of even the smallest achievement. What is most in^iring about the youth who are profiled is that though each faced obstacles in their personal lives, they have chosen to devote their time and energies to others through school and commuinty service. Two such gallant youth in the Little Rock School District are spotlighted in this issue ofParent Talk. ", S' Barty Jefferson, a twelfth grade student at McClellan High School, is one of two Beat the Odds youth to be profiled in our first recognition column. Based on the accepted definition of an at-risk youth, Barry would be considered a 'classic" example. According to Barry, he grew up in a very poor family", in an area where the use of drugs and trafficking in drugs could be observed in the neighborhood at any time of the day or night. Academic progress was difficult for him throughout elementary and much of junior high school. This lack of success in school coupled with low self-esteem led Barty into many self-defeating behaviors both in school, at home and in his community. Barry describes his early years in the following way: I had a whole different life at home than others. I lived in a very poor family and sometimes we really didnt know where our next meal would come from. This hurt my school work and the way I talked to people and the way I would treat my friends. But they did not know that I had not eaten even sometimes for three days. Our family moved from house to house a lot during my school years, so I had to change schools a lot and it was very hard because I lived with my mother and my two brothers and one sister. I did so many things in school when I was in kindergarten through sixth grade just so I would be noticed and liked. Because 1 was a ugly little boy in grade school, no one liked me but there were some of my friends who thought 1 was O.K. and tried to help me. Even some of my teachers did not like me and passed me just because of the way 1 acted in their class and they wanted me out. If you really want to know, I was the kind of person that went around beating up on little kids and taking their money. If some of my grade school teachers could see the way I act now, they would say I have changed a lot, a whole lot. From the sixth grade on down, I was a bad boy. I did everything I could to make life miserable for teachers, kids, my mother and the police. A turning point in Bartys life came when he entered 7th grade at Forest Heights Junior High. He credits much of that turn around to the efforts of his teachers and especially to his 7th grade counselor, Ms. Patsy Campbell. He explains his transformation this way: After the seventh grade, I started to like Forest Heights and a very dear person, Ms. Patsy Campbell, came into my life. She came to be my best friend and I loved her with all my heart. 1 still do. So now, every one saw the good side of Barty. 1 started working hard at school and at home. My grades came up, and my life was getting back on track until that day, 1 will never forget, someone was out to kill me because of something someone had said. I was at a meeting called Teen Talk with a good friend of mine, Mr. Moss. Three teenagers were out to get me but we got the truth out and everything was over. What made me stay in my right mind, keep good grades and stay involved in school activities, were six people in my life. Joe Lair was one of those people that changed me and the way I lived. He is my best friend and I learned a lot from him. I also owe a lot to my good friend. Officer Brigges, of the Little Rock Police Department for encouraging me to stay involved in all of the clubs I am in now and in the past. Many thanks to all my teachers, the guidance department, the wellness clinic and my family who have stood by me. I feel that there are three things that make me the person that I am today. (1) First is faith. I have always had faith in what 1 believed. I had to respect myself. The thing 1 had to learn was to love me for who I am and dont care what other people say about me. (2) Listen to what people say. I really had to do all I could to hang in there. (3) Work things out. 1 had to work very hard to be me, Barry, not how some other people wanted me to be. I guess thats why I want to be a law enforcement officer. I want to take what Ive learned and share it with other kids and people like me. Community service has become a staple in Bartys life now. He teaches two Sunday School Classes at Theyer Baptist Church
he was an active member of the Peer Helping program at Forest Heights, Central and now at McClellan, and volunteers many hours working with elementary school Just Say No clubs and the Little Rock Police Department Explorer Post. He is also aaive in the school-based Accept No Boundaries program and the Young Democrats. Barty is now living on his own and works after school and on weekends at Mega Market. After graduating in May, 1994, Barty plans to enroll at UALR and pursue a degree in criminal & justice. His ultimate goal is to become a police officer with the Little Rock Police Department. Rochelle Webb is a 17 year old 11th grade student enrolled at Central High School. She is also a young person who appears to be endowed with an indomitable spirit that keeps her focused in spite of many challenging circumstances she has had to deal with at a very young age. Because of a chronic health condition that her mother has, Rochelle has had to help raise five younger brokers and sisters. The neighborhood that Rochelle lives in is located in an area plagued by gang violence. Having to navigate form home to school, to church or to venture outside her door each day amidst the turmoil on the streets deeply saddens her, but the experience, somehow, has also strengthened her resolve. Rochelle states, "The reason why I choose to make something out of my life is because I would like for my children to have a better life than I have. 1 dont care what it takes, but I am going to succeed in life. Life has not been easy for me at all, but Im not about to give up. 1 devote my time and energy on positive things. I spend most of my time on homework and extra curricular activities. I also give speeches on all kinds of topics. You see, some people find it easier to blame their situation on other people yet they are not doing anything to change it. I find it easier to do all I can to change my situation. I know that I can only do so much because I am a teenager, but thats a start. 1 feel that I will be a very strong adult because I have had to face so much. My advice to those young people who feel like giving up is to look to God for strength. I can't say that there havent been times when I just wanted to leave and go somewhere real far away
but running away never helps anything, it just postpones it. I believe that everyone has a purpose in life. You may not know right away, but sooner or later youll find out. My purpose in life is to make a difference in this world. I will do all 1 can to help someone and to make our world a better place to live. I Continued on pages. 7ZZZA The Station by Robert J. Hastings jf I Young People Who Beat The Odds Continued from page 7 Tucked away in our subconscious is an idyllic vision. We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the continent. We are traveling by train. Out the windows we drink in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle grazing on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, of row upon row of com and wheat, of flatlands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hillsides, of city skylines and village halls. But uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain hour we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags waving. Once we get there so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles, damning the minutes for loitering - waiting, waiting for the station. When we reach the station, that will be it. When I buy a news SL Mercedes Benz! When 1 put the last kid through college. When I have paid off the mortgage! When I get 'Ttje Z>7/^ Hfeis tlje trtj). // a promotion. When I reach the age of retirement, 1 shall live happily ever after! Sooner or later we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream. It constantly outdistances us. relish the moment is a good motto, especially when coupled with Psalm 118:24: This is the day which the Lord hath made
we will rejoice and be glad in it. It isnt the burdens of today that drive men mad. It is the regrets over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves which rob us of today. So, stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles. Instead, climb more mountains, eat more ice cream, go bare foot more often, swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more, cry less. Life must be lived as we go along. The station will come soon enough. Rochelle sees service as an obligation. She is a member of TAILS, Centrals Peer Helping program
The Ladys Club, Future 500, the Central Student Council, the track team and president of the Little Rock School District PRIDE Youth Group. In her community she is equally as involved. She sings in her church choir, serves on e Stop the Violence Youth Council and Hands of Praise, a group that ministers to the deaf through sign language. After graduation, Rochelle plans to attend college, major in social work and minor in communications. She has maintained a 3.8 grade point average at Central. grhinR freef^. ^ugfi heartity. ^f[ those you fove Q^ach out. gfow dovvm. I G^^ow. I that "^ou (fo. tPediscover 'X oW ejriends. CA^Re 'Hug a Rid. 0\s'C- new ones. Give in. CDirk snmrV pfrust fife. i^icR some daisies. Qrust fife. 31^1 someone in. gfiare them. CK^p a promise. (Expfore the unRnown. Source: Dream Inc., November, 1993, Jackson, Mississippi JXaRe some mistaRes. ^learn Jrom them. Have faith. Ceiebraie (ife? Verse by Jan IvUchelsen Little Rock School District Drug Abuse Prevention Program 810 West Markham Little Rock, AR 72201 Non-profit organization U.S. POSTAGE Paid Permit No. 2608 Little Rock, ARI Arkansas Democrat THURSDAY, AUGUST 22, 1991 i Police lunch, drug dog suggested to take bite out of LR school crime (s k ( BY CYNTHIA HOWELL DeiTxxraf Staff Writer A telephone hot line, a drugdetecting dog, locked schoolhouse doors, and police officers eating lunch in school cafeterias are among the items listed in a Little Rock School District 53- point plan for improving school safety. The 1991-92 plan, prepared by Superintendent Ruth Steele and her staff, was delivered to * school board members Wednesday and will be discussed at a school board meeting at 6 p.m. today. The plan includes new and old programs, and programs that j arent directly tied to safety and 1 security but are designed to make schools attractive to students. Several of the ongoing programs deal with school bus safety. The new telephone hot line began operation this week. Parents, teachers and students can leave anonymous tips about potential criminal activity or mischief in the schools. The number, which is answered by a machine, is 688-3033. The plan also calls for continued discussion of a controversial program to assign full-time police officers to secondary schools. The program was rejected twice by the board, but Steele has a Sept. 3 meeting with City Manager Tom Dalton and Police Chief Louie Caudell about program options. The cost of the 53-point plan would be about $691,500 this year, including the $300,000 budget for the districts 36-mem- ber safety and security office. Other proposed costs include: $170,000 to repair broken, uniockabJe school doors. All exterior doors will be locked except for school front doors. $10,000 for the purchase of 50 hand-held two-way radios. Some of the staff In all secondary schools and 12 elementahes now have the radios. $50,000 for crews to dean and repair school grounds and prune overgrown shubbery. $20,000 for mandatory drug-testing of bus drivers and aides. Three employees were fired last year because of positive tests. $14,000 for the services of a dog that can detect drugs and firearms in student lockers and cars. V J 9. I $25,000 for identification badges for high school students and some district employees to carry, but not necessarily wear. $1,500 for an annual telephone survey to assess public views about school safety. $100,000 for motion and sound detection devices to detect break-ins or fires. other highlights of the report included secured parking for Quigley Stadium inside the fenced practice field
the Little Rock Housing .A.uthoritys cooperation with the district to improve school attendance by children living in housing projects
and an enhanced drug education program in the junior high health, science and social studies classes. Still other programs include monthly safety drills, elementary school crime prevention clubs, and a review of various anti-gang curricula. 1 I' 6B FRIDAY, OCTOBER 9,1992 U.S. attorneys zones zero in on guns, drug sales in schools Democrat-Gazette Staff U.S. Attorney Chuck Banks has started gun-free/drug-free^ school zones in his district that make it a crime to possess a gun or distribute drugs near private or public schools. It is the responsibility of the federal government to have a visible law enforcement presence to help ensure that our schools are safe and secure centers for learning. Our parents, students and teachers deserve no less, Banks said. Banks said he wrote all school superintendents in the Eastern District of Arkansas on Monday saying that he was alarmed at the increased violence and drug activity near our school campuses. The Eastern District roughly covers the eastern half of the state. Banks asked the school superintendents to post signs identifying a school zone and giving notice to potential offenders of prosecution for criminal behavior. School officials are being asked to notify local law enforcement authorities and the U.S. attorneys office of criminal violations, he said.2B UlUnSDAY, NOVEMBER 12. 1992 Pulaski Arkansas IX-niocnit "y Rjnzcllc LR board spends $173,500 to save student insurance B/ KEVIN FREKING O'nncf
,l Gi,?ene Cfy HafI neporter The Little Rock Board of Directors on Wednesday allocated $173.500 to bail out for the fourih and maybe final time Ihe program that jjrovide.s insurance coverage for students who need help with alcohol and drug addictions. \iayor Sharon Priest said Ihe bfiai fl probably won t spend any more city money for the "Fight Bark' Insure (he (Jdldren" program wilhotil more help from Ihe private sector or state gov- (U'luin'ul. In addition, tity Manager fom Dalton recommended watering flown (he program s most ambitious ()rovisions for the in snrance policy's remaining six months. When the prf)gram was first envisioned, organizers hoped that the private sector and par- enl.s could sup|)ly the necessary funding. But since July, donations have amounted to $19,876. compared to the $187.000 needed to pay the first two premiums. My guess Is. we ll vole to do this today." Priest said shortly bobne the board met and votnd .5 0 to approve the allocatifin. "But after that, it's going to he 'Mr. City Manager, you need to find other funds to fb, this because we can't afford this any i . 1 more.' " The $173.5(M) include.s $93,500 for the second of four quarterly insurance premium payments to Arkansa.s Blue Cross and Blue Shield and $H0.000 to repay an interest free loan obtained from Twin City Bank to help make the first premium payment in August. The second premium pavmcnl is due Nov. 25. During the program's fir.sl year, donations also fell far short of footing the bill. Al that lime. I.ilth
Rock marie the first of (wo $135,000 premium payments with the help of an $80,000 loan from Twin City Bank. Ihen repaid that money and paid the second premium with part of a $3 million grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation of Princeton. N.J. Next year, afler (he final two payments due in February and May 199.3 are made. city, school district and Fighting Back officlal.s should meet with Arkan.sas Blue Cir)s.s and Blue Shield to discuss Ihe program's future. Dalton said. It's been a successful program in terms of usage." he said. It's no! bt'en a successful program in term.s of funding." "Fight Back! Insure the (Hui dren" is a tinique program that enabled Lillie Rock this year to become one of only 10 cities in the country honored as an AllAmerica City by the National League of Cities. The program covers all stu dents in the Little Rock School District for treatment ranging from education and counseling to residential care for drug or alcohol addiction. During the meeting. Dalton told the board he recommended that the program s Hnal six months of coverage, beginning In February 1093. provide for tip to 30 dny.s of Ireatmcnt al a (Irug rehabilitation facilily in.slead of the current 90day maximum. Rxpendilures per student would also be ctil to $125. about 30 percent of the figure now in effect. But Wendy Salaam. FIghliivj Back executive director, said many of the private facilities that provide treatment likeh won t accept students under tin* proposed $125 cap. The number of students requiring residen tial treatment ha.s greatly ex ceeded expectations. .Salaam said. The $173,500 is being taken by the city's Special Projects Fund, which is about Io recciv e more than $200,000 thanks to tin lirtuidation of an escrow ac count cslablishe<l during litiga lion over Pulaski County .s in validated use lax.Arkansas Democrat AV/ (Sazcttc FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 13. 1992 Denial hurts donations, LRSD finds Advocates fear parents ignore need for anti-drug insurance BY DANNY SHAMEER Democrat-Gazette Education Writer Advocates of a substanceabuse insurance program for Little Rock School District students said Thursday that one reason donations have continued to fall short is because parents dont think their own children will face drug or alcohol problems. Lagging donations which may threaten the programs long-term existence caused the Little Rock Board of Directors to take two bold steps Wednesday night to help save it. They spent $173,500 to pay for the opening six months of coverage for the 1992-93 school year premium. The board also decided to restructure the plan so it wont cost so much and give fund-raisers a better chance to get private donations to finance covering the remainder of the school year. Starting in February 1993, residential care will be reduced from a maximum of 90 days to 30 days, and the amount spent per student will drop from about $450 per day to $125 per day. Wendy Salaam, executive director of Little Rocks Fighting Back office, said the lower premium for the final six months will make it more manageable for them to try and raise the money that will keep the program alive. Parents have a tendency to think it won't happen in their home. Drug or alcoholic abuse is not on a list you enjoy planning for. Advocates of the insurance program, now in its second year, said they hope parents come through so the program will continue. Most parents have such a high regard for their children, Mac Bernd, Little Rocks superintendent of schools, said. They dont think their children will need the program. Parents have a tendency to think it wont happen in their home. Drug or alcoholic abuse is not on a list you enjoy planning for. Marty Moore, a North Little Rock School Board member who has two children in Little Rock public schools under student desegregation transfers, said she thinks parents don't understand the program. Were always in denial, said Moore, whose two children are in the program. This is not charity, its insurance. We are uneducated and uninformed about what we could be faced, with. The Rev. Wendell Griffen, co- chair of the Fight Back! Insure the Children fund-raising effort, said he thinks several factors including parental denial have caused donations to lag. Griffen said he also thinks people in the city dont understand how much substance abuse affects the entire community. He said that when one child misbehaves in class, learning is disrupted for everyone else. Our community has not yet swallowed that message, Griffen said. He also said that parents will enthusiastically rally around fund-raising efforts for band trips, cheerleading squads and drill teams, but not to keep children drug-free. Griffen said that the citys religious leaders have not overwhelmingly supported fund- raising efforts among their own congregations. The fact that we have not gotten the moral leadership behind this as much as they get behind bingo is disheartening, Griffen, pastor of Emmanuel Baptist Church, said. Its our children, for crying out loud. They are our future. Santa Barbara, Calif., which is copying Little Rocks insurance program, is trying to solve the fund-raising problem at the beginning. Frankie Sarver, associate director of the national Fighting Back office, said in a telephone interview from Nashville, Tenn., that Santa Barbara officials will work this year collecting about $900,000 to pay for coverage that will last three years. See INSURE. Page 3B They want to make sure mat they have the money in their hands before the program starts," said Sarver, who ran Little Rocks Fighting Back office until last June. Little Rock Mayor Sharon Priest said that she hopes the city will be able to develop a more stable way to get donations flowing in before the school year ends in May 1993 so that they wont struggle to pay for the 1993-94 coverage. I want the program to survive, Priest said, But we can't continue to get money piecemeal and sweat it out every year.4 Arkansas Demccrat '^CBazcttc TUESDAY, MARCH 30,1993 3B Students begin campaign for alcohol-free prom night BY TRACIE DUNGAN Democrat-Gazette Staff Writer Paige Yates tosses some ice and liquids into a blender, presses the button and pours as young people enticed by the whirring sound fall into line. A parade of hurricane glasses, filled with the pink concoction and topped with little umbrellas, wends its way from the bar to tables in the room. But nothing illegal is going on here. These youths, who sat around Monday morning drinking their non-alcoholic mock- tails," wont be drinking the real thing on prom night, either. The 25 or so students from local schools were on hand at a news conference to help begin the first Prom Promise campaign in Arkansas. The program, started four years ago by Nationwide Insurance Cos., asks students to sign a pledge not to drink or do drugs on prom night. The pledge reads in part: Prom night will be one of the most memorable nights in my life, and I want to stay alive to remember it. So whether I attend prom or not, I promise not to use alcohol or drugs on prom night. Gayle King, assistant personnel manager for Nationwide in Memphis, said the programs main purpose is to save young lives. We hope a by-product of it is that it will impact insurance rates, King said. She spoke in a room done up in a prom-style motif. An arc over the speakers podium was festooned with pearlescent, pastel balloons. Some students sat at circular tables adorned with peach and blue tablecloths, streamer spirals and balloon centerpieces. King said program participants will receive a manual detailing ways to recruit their peers signatures on the pledge through such events as mock car crashes and red ribbon days. Schools with the most original events and the highest percentage of pledges will be eligible for cash prizes. Most of the participating campuses Central, Sylvan Hills, Hall, Mills and North Little Rock high schools were represented by student leaders at the news conference. They were provided a list of florists, tuxedo shops, restaurants and other businesses that will offer 10 percent discounts to those who sign the pledges.- The discounts are good from Thursday through June 10. Yates, who mixes up the, strawberry-pina colada mock-' tails on a regular basis while working at Spaghetti Ware-, house, said the ingredients are. ice and strawberry daiquiri< and pina colada liquid mixes. She garnishes the drink with a . pineapple wedge and straw.- . berry. i I 1I93 THURSDAY, APRIL 1,1993 Pulaski =J <,..5 ? it 1- L'j e d h y I- s s s 1 *r < 'W - -^1 L'T'"' t f 1 1 I f TAPING PROGRAM Two members of the 810th Station Hospital of the Arkansas Army Reserve, including Spec. James Johnson (top left) and Capl. Wayne Ray (lower left), speak Wednesday with McClellan Community High School coach Ray Gillespie and an eight-student Arkansas Democrat-Gazetle/Scott Carpenter panel during videotaping of a cable television show on drug and alcohol abuse. The program, "Drugs: Reduce the Demand, Reduce the Problem, is scheduled to air at 1:30 p.m. Sunday on Black Access Channel 14 in Little Rock. 1 1 Reserves program takes war on drugs, alcohol to cable 1 BY SANDRA COX Democral-Gazette Staff Writer The Army Reserve in North Little Rock has declared war on drug and alcohol abuse and has taken the battle to cable television. The reserves 810th Station Hospital at Camp Pike completed its third taping Wednesday of Drugs: Reduce the Demand, Reduce the Problem, which appears on Storer Cables Black Access Channel 14 in Little Rock. If we reduce the demand for drugs on the individual level, well reduce illegal activity caused by the drugs, Capt. Wayne Ray said Wednesday morning, just before taping began at the stations studio in east Little Rock. Ray, who was dressed in his Army fatigues, is the shows coordinator. He was accompanied by Spec. James B. Johnson, who is also a minister at New Bibleway Church of God in Christ in North Little Rock. The episode marked the first time the program included high school students. Eight students from McClellan Community Gillespie to share their feelings about drug and alcohol abuse and its impact in the community. The students, many wearing blue jeans, appeared slightly nervous and giggly before the camera lights went on. But once the tape started rolling, they became serious and talked candidly about drug abuse as Gillespie questioned them. Most said they knew someone who was using drugs. One said he was a reformed drug and alcohol abuser. Another said he had been asked to join a gang, but he declined. Just about all of the students said they knew of businesses that didnt ask for identification when juveniles buy alcohol. At the end of the program, each student gave a statement about why people shouldnt use Ray said Gillespie had been very active in working to prevent drug abuse. Gillespie, 39, who grew up in the Highland Park housing project, said he was confronted with gangs as a youth, but the I problem wasnt nearly as bad as it is today,
They have to realize that Christ is the answer, he said. 1 It is my personal belief that a i lot of our problems are from separation of church and state. I Following the taping, Ray said he was happy with the way i students presented themselves i in the program and would like to work out similar episodes I where well have students in- } volved. I The 30-minute talk show is 1 normally broadcast at 1:30 p.m. on the second and fourth Sun- I day of every month, but Storer I will deviate from that schedule I by broadcasting Wednesdays I taping at 1:30 p.m. Sunday, a sta- I drugs. , After the taping, senior r=,--------. LaKeshia Walker said the ex- ,tion spokesman said. perience was rewarding. I think this is great, and its jii aj/vifcvo*****!* Besides substance abuse, the I High School in Little Rock ac- very educational, Walker said. Ray said the Army Reserve program had been conducting similar programs, minus the Army Reserve program also has been discussing the problems 1 and responsibilities associated I with teen sex. That topic is ex- rnmnanied athletic coach Ray ^deo cameras^^at, pected to be addressed in future ! episodes.'1 2B WEDNESDAY, MAY 26,1993 Pulaski Arkansas Democrat (gazette i I I i LR school drug insurance needs $25,000 for premium PV: DANNY SHAMEER * " ' Democfat-Gazene Education Writer Drug-treatment insurance coverage for Little Rock School District students may stop next whek unless supporters come up with $^,000. I t- 4 I hope we can make it, said 41 Wendy Salaam, executive director of the City of Little Rock Fighting Back Initiative. The program is a non-profit arm of the municipal government
its mission is to combat drug abuse. She and Mayor Jim Dailey said they believe a fund-raising effort will produce the $25,(XM) needed for the $45,205 premium ........... __.* due Monday. The insurance program, one of 12 projects created by the City of Little Rock Fighting Back Initiative, began with great fanfare in August 1991. It is the first in the country to offer students hospital care for substanceabuse treatment. Officials dont know how many students would be affected if insurance ends abruptly. Latest available figures show the district referred 198 students for treatment between Aug. 1,1992, and April 1. The latest figures show 160 students were assessed and 135 entered treatment since then. About 80 percent of the students in the program have no other insurance. The overall impact is definitely long term, Salaam said. It will take four to five years to see less criminal activity and a lower criminal population. The city needs to have that vision. Pay now or pay later. Last winter the city bailed out the program by contributing $173,000 and restructuring the plan with Arkansas Blue Cross and Blue Shield to help lower the premium costs from $373,000 to $277,910 over 12 months. , The premium due Monday would carry the program through August. Robert Cabe, executive vice president of Arkansas Blue Cross and Blue Shield, said that, because Monday is a holiday, a check that arrived June 1 would not cause disruption of service. If payment is not made, he said, officials would consider various options, including whether to stop insurance coverage. The Little Rock Board of Directors said last winter it would not bail out the program again. The city doesnt have the money to subsidize what needs to be a communitywide fund- raising effort, the board said. The city board firmly believes this must be a community endeavor if the insurance coverage is to stay in existence forever, Dailey said. Dailey added that, speaking as an individual board member, he would not like to see the insurance coverage get interrupted over a few thousand dollars. Salaam said Tuesday her office recently mailed out about 1,(XX) letters to corporations and business leaders, seeking contributions. Besides the $173,000 that the city kicked in last winter, about $51,195 has come from parents. Another $15,000 came from a Pennies for Pasta fund raiser in which the citys schoolchildren donated loose change, including pennies, dimes and nickels. The insurance coverage, which received national attention when Hillary Rodham Clinton, one of the original fundraisers, went on the CBS This Morning television show in 1991, offers a variety of treatment to students. .1 Treatment ranges from counseling and education to up to 30 days of hospitalization.Arkansas Democrat (i^azette TUESDAY, JUNE 15, 1993 Copyright <0 1993, Little Rock Newspapers. Inc. Drug abuse insurance for students hinges 1 i / on $45,285 BY LINDA SATTER Democrat-Gazette Staff Writer City officials worked feverishly Monday to confirm tentative financial commitments to save the struggling substance abuse insurance program for Little Rock students. Officials of Fight Back! Insure the Children said they would announce today whether they met the Monday deadline for payment of a quarterly premium and whether the program would continue. A $45,285 premium was due by the close of business Monday to continue the city-sponsored drug and alcohol treatment program through the summer. Michael Hutchinson, a spokesman who returned calls on behalf of several city officials, said after 5 p.m. Monday that workers were still diligently working to get the mon- ey- We are trying to confirm some resources that were tentative commitments. We are still trying to meet that deadline, Hutchinson said. The program could possibly be suspended. If we cannot identify the resources, we will make a decision this afternoon and release a statement in the morning, Hutchinson said. Robert Cabe, a spokesman for Arkansas Blue Cross and Blue Shield, which provides the insurance coverage, said Monday afternoon: So far today, we have not received the premium or any communications about it. Since the fall of 1991, the program has provided all 26,000 district pupils with 100 percent coverage for drug and alcohol treatment, ranging from counseling to up to 30 days of inpatient care. The premium was due June premium 1, but on May 28, the insurance company granted the non-profit group a two-week reprieve. At midmoming, city Finance Director John Pryor said he had approved a check from the city, which contributed some money. He said Wendy Salaam, executive director of the citys Fighting Back program, has worked out a plan for the rest. But at midaftemoon, Salaam said she was still working on the matter. I dont have an answer right now, she said. Cindy Watkins, director of community relations for KATV- TV, Channel 7 and chairman of Fighting Backs media committee, said the Broadway Theater Series had a^eed to donate $1 from each ticket sold to two matinee performances of Les Miserables. Marilyn Weinstein, executive producer of the Theater Series, said late Monday afternoon that only about $550 can be expected in donations from the play. Watkins said Fight Back had expected $2,500 to $3,000, but the matinee performances didnt sell out. Watkins said a Pennies for Pasta fund-raiser she organized to help pay the last premium netted about $17,000, when just $10,000 was needed
so the city had a $7,000 nest egg toward the current premium. But Watkins said she knew of no other money generated to meet the current premium, aside from the theater donation and despite a half-hour documentary she produced on the program that aired on Channel 7. I i
|! 8 The city has said that if every parent contributed $12 a year toward the premium, it would be met. But few parents have donated.Arkansas Democrat (i^azcttc THURSDAY, JUNE 17, 1993 Copynght 1993, liltls Rock Newspapers. Inc. Collapse of school drug insurance BY LINDA BATTER Democrat-Gazette Staff Writer through local health providers. The tab has been picked up by Arkansas Blue Cross and Blue Shield, to whom the city of Little Rock, aided by donations, paid an annual premium. But the city announced Tuesday that there werent enough donations to pay the latest insurance premium, due Monday. Conse- vices office".........................'* Children, T .u f 12 initiatives in the citys _ In the two years of the Fight larger Fighting Back anti-drue ick. Insure the rh.ia'. program, was suspended until solid funding can be found to restart it. -Now that Little Rock students have lost the insurance that gave them free help for drug and alcohol problems, the fate of the counselors who assessed the students needs remains uncertain. The three counselors have been working out of the Little Rock School Districts pupil ser- puts 3 counselors in limbo and were guaranteed through 1997, by a five-year grant to Fighting Back from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation of New Jersey. The other counselor has been paid by the DjttIe Rock School District, which also provided the selors office space. coun- Back! Insure the Children pT^ gram, the counselors have screened about 600 students from kindergarten through 12th grade to determine the type of substance abuse treatment orjntensive residential care, all coulselorfLTvet^^^pliffi Salaam said that in the programs first year, the 1991-92 school year, the two employees now paid with grant money were paid by the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Division of the state Department of Human Services. The division has since moved to the state Health Wednesday that she Department. started before June 1, Theres follow-up to do. Therell be a good months work for them to do. After that, she said, Im just not able to say until she speaks with Jo Evelyn Elston, director of pupil services for the district Elston IS attending a three-day seminar in Maumelle. Meanwhile, Wendy Salaam executive director of Fighting Ra/tir onizf 1X7....J___i_ - were hired specifically tor this, Salaam said of all the counselors. She said that, because coverage continues for some students whose treatment Similarly, Jeanette Wagner spokesman for the Little Rock School District, said Wednesday that I think thats still up in the air. Those decisions are still being made. Wagner also said that more definite answers hinge on the return of Elston, who will no doubt help make the decisions The counselors, also attending a conference, couldnt be reached for comment. The school districts next fis- cal year begins July 1. The citys next fiscal year begins Jan. 1 1994. Wagner said two of the counselors, both called substance specialists, are paid 000 plus benefits. One is paid by the city with money from Fighting Backs foundation grant
the other is paid by the school district. The third employee, the co- ordmator of the substance abuse assessment office, is paid $38 000 plus benefits by the city, Wagner said. That compensation also comes from the Fighting Back grant. The only other costs of the program which are paid by us are telephone service and office . space, she said. Figures for those services werent available Wednesday.Aikansas Democrat Q^azctk FRIDAY, JUNE 18.1993 Copyright 1993. Little Rock Newspapers, Inc. EDITORIALS Adopt-A-Kid Keep fighting back F
lighting Back is down but not out. Tlie drug insurance program for the 26.000 kids in Little Rock's public schools wound up short the other day. A $45,205 premium payment came due, and there was only $28,000 to meet it. Result: This model program has been canceled for now. Sad. No one can believe tliat this insurance is too expensive. Premiums billed by Blue-Cross and Blue-Shield for three years of Fighting Back total $930,820. riiats $35.80 per studentless than $12 a year. That's a bargain, especially when you consider what other types of insurance cost. Why would families with teen-age students pass it by ifthe drug problem is as serious as the public has been led to believe? Some 600 of the districts 26,000 students have been counseled about their drug problem since the programs inception. Half of them were referred for therapy or treatment a little more than 1 percent of the total school enrollment. This program is needed. Divide the cost of the insurance by the number of students who have received help, and its still inexpensive for the treatment it provides. The cost for every student treated amounts to only $3,102. Compare that to what some detox clinics charge. In the beginning, sponsors of Fighting Back were fortunate. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation paid half the first years premium of $375,000. City officials have covered half the costs of reduced premiums for the second and third years of the program, or $277,910. The business and corporate community has been generous, too, but it's time for the program to support itself. Little Rock needs to keep fighting back against this menace. How many kids are using drugs and telling themselves they don't need help? How many parents are in denial? The vast majority of kids may not use drugs, but who can say how many will? Or who they will be? Drug pushers don't discriminate. Kids from every social and economic class have been affected. How many will need help before the summer is over? Where will they go? Instead of a perpetual search for stopgaps, this valuable program needs to be put on a sound financial footing. It's the first program of its kind in the nation a pathfinder. Instead of foundering, it should be setting an example for other school districts beset with drug problems. Yes, fund-raisers are great for one-time projects. The kids themselves p'loved that by pooling their pocket change to help make one of the quarterly payments. Churches helped, too. Some held Fight Back Sundays to raise money. But a more substantial method of funding is needed. Like nominal fees from those parents who can afford to participate. Growing numbers of parents have become interested in helping the program. Only 6 percent of parents with children in the public schools paid the $10 fee the first year. By the second year, 20 percent supported the program with a $12 fee. Why cant that percentage be doubled for the next school year? Maybe its apathy. Or poverty. Or hubris. Or the assumption that my child would never do drugs, combined with an indifference t
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