{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"uwg_phc_levitas1996","title":"Oral history interview with Elliott Levitas, 1996","collection_id":"uwg_phc","collection_title":"Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program","dcterms_contributor":["Steely, Mel","Fitz-Simons, Ted","University of West Georgia. Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Levitas, Elliott H. (Elliott Harris), 1930-"],"dc_date":["1996"],"dcterms_description":["Elliott Harris Levitas was born in Atlanta on December 26, 1930, and attended local schools including Emory University, where he earned a law degree in 1956. He was also a Rhodes Scholar, and obtained a master of law degree from Oxford University in 1954, as well as being a member of the United States Air Force from 1955 to 1958. Levitas served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1964, and was also elected that year to represent DeKalb County in the Georgia House of Representatives, where he served for a decade. In 1974 he was elected as a U.S. Congressman from the 4th District and was re-elected to four subsequent terms, until being defeated by Pat Swindall in 1984. Levitas returned to private practice in Atlanta, where he resides today.; Interviewed by Mel Steely and Ted Fitz-Simons in 1996.; The interview is spread out over four different days in the fall of 1996: August 12, September 10, September 24, and October 7. Levitas begins by discussing his family and background during the Great Depression and into his education. He answers questions about what his life was like during the Great Depression as well as World War II, saying that his family was middle class \"in the almost Norman Rockwellian sense.\" He describes his time in college and law school, juggling marriage and a burgeoning career in law, and the decision to join the Air Force. By the time the conversation shift to politics, Levitas reveals that he and his politically-active friends flipped a coin to see who could run against James Davis in Congress, and Weltner won the toss (and eventually won the election). Levitas got out of the Air Force and became more active in the DeKalb community, and he was elected to the Georgia legislature in 1965. The interview discusses large issues, including integration, anti-Semitism, and reapportionments. Levitas discusses his relations with several other Georgia politicians, stating that when it comes down to it, all politicians try to work together to better the state.; In the interview on September 24th, Levitas begins with a discussion on the differences between the US House and the Georgia House. They discuss election tactics, free press, and former candidates and presidents. The interview covers party politics, campaigns, and Levitas' opinions on Richard Nixon and Jimmy Carter. The last portion, from October 7th, begins with Steely asking Levitas who his most memorable Democratic colleagues were in the Congress, as well as Republicans. He compares Newt Gingrich and Tip O'Neill, and then talks about national security and the nuclear era during Carter's and Reagan's administrations."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, State University of West Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Legislators--Georgia--Interviews","Emory University--Alumni and alumnae","University of Oxford--Alumni and alumnae","United States. Air Force","Black Panther Party","Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority","United States Military Academy","United States. Congress. House","United States. Works Progress Administration","Antisemitism--United States","Antisemitism--Georgia","Atlanta (Ga.)","Depressions--1929","Segregation in education--United States","Segregation in education--Georgia","Militia movements--United States","Soviet Union","Zionists","World War, 1939-1945","Olympic Games (22nd : 1980 : Moscow, Russia)","Panama. Treaties, etc. United States, 1977 Sept. 7 (Panama Canal Treaty)","Henry W. Grady High School (Atlanta, Ga.)","New Deal, 1933-1939","Watergate Affair, 1972-1974"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Elliott Levitas, 1996"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of West Georgia. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/uwg/phc/do:levitas1996"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:uwg_phc_levitas1996"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [interview title], Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, University of West Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","moving images"],"dcterms_extent":["4 interviews (circa 121 mins., circa 121 mins., circa 117 mins., circa 121 mins.)"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Levitas, Elliott H. (Elliott Harris), 1930- --Interviews","Levitas, Elliott H. (Elliott Harris), 1930-","Bauman, Robert, 1937-","Busbee, George, 1927-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","Davis, James C. (James Curran), 1895-1981","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Garland, Reuben","Gingrich, Newt","Harris, Joe Frank","Jenkins, Ed, 1933-","Jones, Ben, 1941 August 30-","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Lance, Bert, 1931-2013","Landrum, Philip M.","Miller, Zell, 1932-2018","Moore, Frank","Murphy, Thomas Bailey, 1924-2007","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nunn, Sam","O'Neill, Tip","Reagan, Ronald","Pepper, Claude, 1900-1989","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rostenkowski, Dan","Rosenthal, Benjamin S.","Swindall, Pat, 1950-2018","Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Weltner, Charles Longstreet","Wright, Jim, 1922-2015"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"uwg_phc_sanders1","title":"Oral history interview with Carl Sanders, 1987 April 27","collection_id":"uwg_phc","collection_title":"Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program","dcterms_contributor":["Steely, Mel","Fitz-Simons, Ted","University of West Georgia. Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Sanders, Carl Edward, 1925-"],"dc_date":["1987-04-27"],"dcterms_description":["Carl Edward Sanders was born in Augusta, Georgia on May 15, 1925 and attended the University of Georgia until enlisting in the U.S. Air Force during World War II. After the war, he returned to school, earned a law degree and moved home to practice law and start a political career. In 1954, Sanders won a seat in the Georgia house as a Democrat representing his home town, and advanced to the state senate after one term. In the senate, he spent two years as floor leader for Governor Ernest Vandiver and two years as president pro tempore. In 1962 he was elected the nation's youngest governor at thirty-seven. Governor Sanders concentrated on education and the environment, as well as working with Presidents Kennedy and Johnson to comply with civil rights laws in a transition towards desegregation. He ran for governor again in 1970, but lost to Jimmy Carter. Sanders has remained active in law and business, as well as behind the scenes in politics, and currently resides in Atlanta.; Interviewed by Dr. Mel Steely and Ted Fitz-Simons on April 27, 1987, in Sanders' Atlanta office.; Sanders begins by noting the most important aides on his staff as well as describing what makes for a \"strong\" governor. He then goes into the \"mechanics\" of how he deposed George L. Smith, and the most important black leaders with whom he served. He spends some time discussing the impact of television during his campaign. Dr. Steely asks about education and university improvements throughout the state during his tenure, and he talks about his relationship with Mayor Ivan Allen and their cooperation. Sanders also goes into great detail about his relationships with the Kennedy brothers."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, State University of West Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Governors--Georgia","Legislators--Georgia","University of Georgia--Alumni and alumnae","Lawyers--Georgia","Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority","Civil rights--Georgia","Civil rights--United States","Segregation--Georgia","Segregation--United States","Television and politics--Georgia","Television and politics--United States","Georgia. Dept. of Transportation","Fort Gordon (Ga.)","Georgia--Constitution","Georgia. General Assembly. House","Georgia. General Assembly. Senate","World War, 1939-1945--Veterans"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Carl Sanders, 1987 April 27"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of West Georgia. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/uwg/phc/do:sanders1"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:uwg_phc_sanders1"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [interview title], Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, University of West Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","moving images"],"dcterms_extent":["1 interview (circa 120 mins.)"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Arnall, Ellis Gibbs, 1907-1992","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Sanders, Carl Edward, 1925- --Interviews","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Allen, Ivan, 1877-1968","Bernard, Dirk","Davis, Harold","Harper, John","Harris, Roy Vincent, 1895-1985","Johnson, Leroy, 1928-","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968","McGill, Ralph, 1898-1969","Pattison, Eugene, 1923-","Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971","Smith, George Leon, 1912-1973","Smith, George T. (George Thornewell), 1916-","Williams, Hosea, 1926-2000"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"uwg_phc_mackay19990115","title":"Oral history interview with James Mackay, 1999 January 15","collection_id":"uwg_phc","collection_title":"Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program","dcterms_contributor":["Steely, Mel","University of West Georgia. Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Mackay, James A. (James Armstrong), 1919-2004"],"dc_date":["1999-01-15"],"dcterms_description":["James Mackay (1919-2004) was born in Fairfield, Alabama, the son of a Methodist minister. During World War II he served on a Coast Guard destroyer escort in the Mediterranean, where he earned the bronze star. After his service, Mackay returned home to earn a law degree from Emory University in 1947. He was a liberal Democrat in a mostly conservative state, representing DeKalb County in the state legislature from 1951-1952, and from 1955-1964. Mackay was elected from the 4th Congressional District to serve in the United States Congress in 1964. He was one of two Southerners to vote in favor of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and was not re-elected to a second term. Among his accomplishments were founding the Georgia Conservancy in 1967, acting as a mentor to future Senator Max Cleland, and serving as an attorney for Martin Luther King, Jr. Mackay spent much of his later years working on environmental issues and died in Lookout Mountain, Tennessee in 2004 at the age of 85.; Interviewed by Mel Steely on January 15, 1999 at Mackay's home.; The interview begins with Mackay discussing his family and upbringing. His mother was born in China, the daughter of missionaries, and he was born in Fairfield, Alabama. Mackay talks about the various places he lived growing up, as his father was a pastor who moved around to different churches. He talks about his years in college leading right up to World War II, citing his friends and most influential teachers. Mackay then answers questions about his military service and being stationed in Florida when the war broke out. After a year of enlistment, Mackay came back to finish law school and entered politics, aiding Mack Mattingly. He discusses his elections, his committee appointments, and alliances he made in Washington. Major issues discussed include the Vietnam War, segregation, and the changing of the Georgia flag. The interview concludes with Mackay citing some of his favorite book passages in relation to his political and spiritual philosophies."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, State University of West Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Legislators--Georgia--Interviews","Emory University--Alumni and alumnae","United States. Navy","Tennessee Valley Authority","Athens (Ala.)","Segregation--Georgia--History","Flags--United States--States","World War, 1939-1945","Vietnam War, 1961-1975","Callaway Gardens (Pine Mountain, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with James Mackay, 1999 January 15"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of West Georgia. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/uwg/phc/do:mackay19990115"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:uwg_phc_mackay19990115"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [interview title], Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, University of West Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","moving images"],"dcterms_extent":["4 interviews (circa 121 mins., circa 62 mins., circa 62 mins., circa 20 mins.)"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Mackay, James A. (James Armstrong), 1919-2004--Interviews","Mackay, James A. (James Armstrong), 1919-2004","Arnall, Ellis Gibbs, 1907-1992","Bell, John Simons","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Gosnell, Cullen Bryant","Egan, Mike, 1926-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Flynt, John James, 1914-2007","Griffin, Marvin, 1907-1982","Harvey, Mose L.","Johnson, Leroy, 1928-","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Landrum, Philip M.","Mattingly, Mack, 1931-","McGovern, George S. (George Stanley), 1922-2012","Miller, Zell, 1932-2018","Moore, Arthur J. (Arthur James), 1888-1974","Murphy, Thomas Bailey, 1924-2007","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014","Swaggart, Jimmy","Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Weltner, Charles Longstreet"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"uwg_phc_flynt19980422","title":"Oral history interview with Jack Flynt, 1998 Apr. 22","collection_id":"uwg_phc","collection_title":"Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program","dcterms_contributor":["Steely, Mel","University of West Georgia. Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Bibb County, Macon, 32.84069, -83.6324","United States, Georgia, Butts County, 33.28785, -83.95717","United States, Georgia, Catoosa County, Fort Oglethorpe, 34.94896, -85.2569","United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794","United States, Georgia, Clayton County, 33.54189, -84.35769","United States, Georgia, Elbert County, 34.11679, -82.8401","United States, Georgia, Fayette County, 33.41394, -84.49419","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Heard County, 33.29703, -85.12827","United States, Georgia, Henry County, 33.453, -84.1542","United States, Georgia, Laurens County, Dublin, 32.54044, -82.90375","United States, Georgia, Macon County, 32.35839, -84.04248","United States, Georgia, Meriwether County, 33.04066, -84.68831","United States, Georgia, Meriwether County, Warm Springs, 32.89041, -84.68104","United States, Georgia, Monroe County, Forsyth, 33.0343, -83.93824","United States, Georgia, Pike County, 33.09227, -84.38923","United States, Georgia, Spalding County, 33.26087, -84.28416","United States, Georgia, Spalding County, Griffin, 33.24678, -84.26409","United States, Georgia, Troup County, LaGrange, 33.03929, -85.03133","United States, Georgia, Walton County, 33.78156, -83.73385","United States, Georgia, Wilkes County, 33.78195, -82.74323","United States, Kentucky, Hardin County, Fort Knox, 37.89113, -85.96363"],"dcterms_creator":["Flynt, John James, 1914-2007"],"dc_date":["1998-04-22"],"dcterms_description":["John James \"Jack\" Flynt Jr. (1914-2007) was elected the 4th District Congressman in 1954 and didn't retire from politics until 1979. He twice beat newcomer Newt Gingrich in the 1970s for his congressional seat. Flynt chaired the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct while a congressman.; Interviewed by Dr. Mel Steely on April 22, 1998 at the home of Flynt's friends, Harrell and Phyllis Fountain, in Carrollton, Ga. This interview is a continuation of the interview conducted one day prior at the same location.; Flynt begins the discussion by providing more detail on his paternal family, the Flynts, beginning with their move into Wilkes County, GA, through his grandfather's service in the Civil War and his father and uncle's political involvement in the Georgia State Senate. He goes on to tell how his father rose from working as a furniture sales clerk and funeral director to becoming a lawyer, state representative and judge. Flynt then talks about his time at the University of Georgia School of Law, the Emory University School of Law, the George Washington University, and the time he served in the Army. After being offered a position at George Washington University, Flynt was given the opportunity to serve as an Assistant United States Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia with the help of Richard B. Russell, Jr. and chose to return to Georgia. Flynt discusses his decision to run for the remainder of Congressman Albert Sidney Camp's term upon Camp's death and providing anecdotes of his successful campaign for the seat of the fourth congressional district of Georgia. Flynt then discusses the presidency of Eisenhower, segregation, the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka and Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. He tells of his and his wife's attendance at the 1960 Democratic National Convention and goes into a discussion of JFK's campaign for president and of his relationship with the Kennedy family. He discusses JFK's presidency, the Vietnam War and communism and briefly talks about corruption and arrogance amongst politicians. Flynt then goes into his decision to retire from politics and expresses his gratitude for his supporters throughout his political career, and discusses the opponents he faced throughout his career, most notably Newt Gingrich. Flynt ends the discussion by reflecting on his twenty-four year political career, remarking that he had done his best, and commenting on politicians Alexander H. Stephens and Robert G. Stephens."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, State University of West Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Emory University. School of Law","University of Georgia","University of Georgia. School of Law","United States. Federal Housing Administration","Democratic National Convention","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Confederate States of America. Army. Department of Northern Virgina","George Washington University","United States. Works Progress Administration","Georgia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Legislators--Georgia--Interviews","Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka","Interstate Highway System","Prohibition","Segregation","Abyssinian Baptist Church (New York, N.Y.)","Georgia. Convention of the People (1861 : Milledgeville and Savannah, Ga.)","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Tonkin, Gulf of"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Jack Flynt, 1998 Apr. 22"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of West Georgia. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/uwg/phc/do:flynt19980422"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:uwg_phc_flynt19980422"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [interview title], Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, University of West Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","moving images"],"dcterms_extent":["1 interview (circa 228 mins.)"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Flynt, John James, 1914-2007--Interviews","Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","Stephens, Alexander H. (Alexander Hamilton), 1812-1883","Beck, Marcus Wayland","Brennan, William J., 1906-1997","Brownell, Herbert, Jr., 1904-1996","Camp, Albert Sidney","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Gingrich, Newt","Griffin, Marvin, 1907-1982","Hosch, John Alton","Jackson, Andrew, 1767-1845","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 1902-1985","McNamara, Robert S., 1916-2009","McRae, Floyd W., d. 1921","O'Brien, Lawrence F.","O'Donnell, Kenneth P., 1924-1977","Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 1908-1972","Rostenkowski, Dan","Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971","Stephens, Robert G. (Robert Grier), 1913-2003","Stevenson, Adlai E., III (Adlai Ewing), 1930-","Taney, Roger B.","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Vinson, Fred M., 1890-1953","Warren, Earl, 1891-1974"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"uwg_phc_barnard19971201","title":"Oral history interview with Doug Barnard, 1997 December 1","collection_id":"uwg_phc","collection_title":"Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program","dcterms_contributor":["Steely, Mel","University of West Georgia. Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Barnard, Douglas"],"dc_date":["1997-12-01"],"dcterms_description":["Douglas Druie Barnard, Jr. was born in Augusta, Georgia in 1922, where he went to school before earning an A.B. degree from Mercer University in 1943. He served in the United States Army from 1943-1945, and then returned to Mercer, where he obtained his law degree in 1948. Barnard entered the banking industry after college, and served as executive secretary to Governor Carl E. Sanders from 1963-1966. He was a delegate to the 1964 Democratic National Convention and was elected to represent the 10th district in Congress in 1976. Barnard's major emphasis in Congress was on banking reform and he tried repeatedly to revamp banking laws with little success. He left Congress in 1993 and currently lives in Augusta.; Interviewed by Mel Steely on December 1, 1997 at the University of West Georgia.; Barnard starts the interview by discussing his childhood in Augusta, Georgia, and talks about his parents' professions and his education. He talks about what he remembers about life during the Great Depression when he was a child; he said his family had to scratch and save in order to maintain themselves. He says that he went to Mercer because his parents were against him going to the University of Georgia. After the outbreak of World War II, Barnard went through several hoops only to end up discharged in Fort Benning, when he decided to go straight into law school. Upon graduation, he decided to get employment with the Georgia Railroad Bank and Trust. He brings up the domination of his community by a clique called the \"Cracker Party,\" which he said was not good for them. Barnard then transitions into a discussion on the politically independent party. Barnard then spends a great deal of time discussing his time with Carl Sanders and his tenure as Sanders' executive secretary. He answers questions about his relationships with and opinions on other Georgia politicians, then begins talking about his election for Congress."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, State University of West Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Legislators--Georgia--Interviews","United States. Army","Georgia Institute of Technology","Mercer University--Alumni and alumnae","National Independent Party (U.S.)","Georgia Railroad Bank and Trust Co.","United States. Montgomery G.I. Bill","Augusta (Ga.)","Segregation","Banks and banking--United States","Banks and banking--Georgia","Depressions--1929","Richmond County (Ga.)","World War, 1939-1945"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Doug Barnard, 1997 December 1"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of West Georgia. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/uwg/phc/do:barnard19971201"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:uwg_phc_barnard19971201"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [interview title], Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, University of West Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","moving images"],"dcterms_extent":["2 interviews : (circa 120 mins.; circa 78 mins.)"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Barnard, Douglas--Interviews","Barnard, Douglas","Arnall, Ellis Gibbs, 1907-1992","Callaway, Howard H. (Howard Hollis), 1927-2014","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Lance, Bert, 1931-2013","Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003","Roberts, Ray, 1913-1992","Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014","Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"uwg_phc_lee19970630","title":"Oral history interview with Bill Lee, 1997 June 3","collection_id":"uwg_phc","collection_title":"Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program","dcterms_contributor":["Steely, Mel","University of West Georgia. Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Lee, Bill, 1925-"],"dc_date":["1997-06-03"],"dcterms_description":["William J. Lee was born on December 15, 1925, in Forest Park, Georgia. He began working for Southern Railway as a young boy, and left for a time to serve in the United State Navy. After his service in the navy, Lee returned to Southern Railway (Norfolk Southern). He started with the railway as a messenger boy and retired as resident vice president. He earned a law degree from Atlanta Law School in 1960. Lee was first elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1956. He was re-elected twenty times, forty-two consecutive years, making him one of its longest serving members.; Interviewed by Mel Steely on June 3, 1997 at an unknown location.; Lee begins the interview with a brief history of his early life, his time in the United States Navy and working with Southern Railway (Norfolk Southern). The interview then goes into how he became involved in politics. His love of people is the main reason he entered politics. Lee speaks of his time under Governor Marvin Griffith as being fast-paced. He also talks about serving with Governor Vandiver and Governor Joe Frank Harris. Lee mentions his and Terrell Starr's involvement with the founding of Clayton College.; A portion of the interview is spent on integration of Georgia schools and what it meant to be a segregationist and what it meant to be a segregationist versus a racist; he saw these ideas being part of the times and accepted by the people.Lee speaks about Julian Bond and his appointment to the Georgia House of Representatives. Lee maintains that the reason that Bond was denied the appointment was not due to his race but to his opposition to the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. Lee also speaks about working with Georgia Speaker of the House Tom Murphy."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","audio/ogg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, State University of West Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Southern Railway (U.S.)","Clayton College \u0026 State University","Georgia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Legislators--Georgia","School integration--Georgia--History","Segregation in education--Georgia--History","Vietnam War, 1961-1975","Lee, Bill, 1925---Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Bill Lee, 1997 June 3"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of West Georgia. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/uwg/phc/do:lee19970630"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:uwg_phc_lee19970630"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [interview title], Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, University of West Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":["1 interview (circa 94 mins.)"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Lee, Bill, 1925-","Bond, Julian, 1940-2015","Burruss, A. L., 1927-1986","Busbee, George, 1927-2004","Callaway, Howard H. (Howard Hollis), 1927-2014","Evans, Randy","Glanton, Tom","Griffin, Marvin, 1907-1982","Harris, Joe Frank","Kidd, Culver, 1914-1995","Lance, Bert, 1931-2013","Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003","Mote, Marvin","Murphy, Thomas Bailey, 1924-2007","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014","Sibley, Celestine","Smith, George Leon, 1912-1973","Smith, George T. (George Thornewell), 1916-","Starr, Terrell, 1925-","Talmadge, Eugene, 1884-1946","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"uwg_phc_byrd19970411","title":"Oral history interview with Garland Byrd, 1997 April 11","collection_id":"uwg_phc","collection_title":"Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program","dcterms_contributor":["Steely, Mel","University of West Georgia. Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Byrd, Garland T. (Garland Turk), 1924-1997"],"dc_date":["1997-04-11"],"dcterms_description":["Garland Turk Byrd (1924-1997) was born in Reynolds, Georgia, attended local schools and served in an army engineer combat unit during World War II from 1942-1945. He earned his law degree from Emory University in 1948, having previously attended the University of Georgia. He was elected as a Democrat to serve in the state legislature from 1947-1949, but left to be assistant director of the State Veterans Department from 1949 until 1952. He served as Lieutenant Governor under Governor Ernest Vandiver from 1959-1963 during the peaceful integration of Atlanta's public schools. Byrd was a successful farmer and real estate businessman, and ran for office several more times, but never won. He died of leukemia in 1997.; Interviewed by Dr. Mel Steely on April 11, 1997 at the home of Garland Byrd.; Byrd begins the interview with a discussion of his childhood and growing up in Taylor County. He discusses attending Georgia Southwestern College for a year after graduating high school in 1941, and his time at William \u0026 Mary before joining the Army in World War II. He talks about basic training, and says that it was a very difficult period of time for him, calling the early mornings and \"waiting for someone to bail you out\" stressful. After answering questions about his time fighting in the War, Byrd starts discussing his political career after he returned home, got a law degree, and got married. After talking about how the War affected his political strategies, Byrd talks about his perspective on the Three-Governor Crisis in the 1940s. When it comes to his own political career, Dr. Steely asks Byrd questions about his campaign styles and strategies. Later in the interview, Byrd talks about becoming Lieutenant Governor under Ernest Vandiver and their relationship with each other. He talks about the great working relationship between himself and the senators and the governor during his first session. Byrd also answers questions regarding he and Vandiver's approach to the desegregation of schools in Georgia. After discussing his trials during his campaigns, which included a heart attack, Byrd concludes the interview by stating that he wouldn't do anything differently, and makes a few closing comments about his views on the education system in Georgia."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, State University of West Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Lieutenant governors--Georgia--Interviews","Legislators--Georgia--Interviews","University of Georgia--Alumni and alumnae","Emory University. School of Law--Alumni and alumnae","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","School integration--Georgia--Atlanta","Education--Georgia","United States. Montgomery G.I. Bill","World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns--Europe","Byrd, Garland T. (Garland Turk), 1924-1997--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Garland Byrd, 1997 April 11"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of West Georgia. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/uwg/phc/do:byrd19970411"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:uwg_phc_byrd19970411"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [interview title], Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, University of West Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","moving images"],"dcterms_extent":["2 interviews (circa 135 mins.; circa 90 mins.)"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Byrd, Garland T. (Garland Turk), 1924-1997","Arnall, Ellis Gibbs, 1907-1992","Callaway, Howard H. (Howard Hollis), 1927-2014","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Griffin, Marvin, 1907-1982","Groover, Denmark, 1922-2001","Landrum, Philip M.","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Smith, George T. (George Thornewell), 1916-","Talmadge, Eugene, 1884-1946","Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"uwg_phc_linder19961210","title":"Oral history interview with John Linder, 1996 December 10","collection_id":"uwg_phc","collection_title":"Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program","dcterms_contributor":["Steely, Mel","University of West Georgia. Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Linder, John"],"dc_date":["1996-12-10"],"dcterms_description":["John Linder was born on September 9, 1942 in Deer River, Minnesota, went to schools in that state, and graduated with a dentistry degree from the University of Minnesota in 1967. He served in the United States Air Force from 1967-1969, after which he moved to Duluth, Georgia to begin a private dental practice. Linder was the Republican representative for the 44th District and served seven terms in the Georgia House (1975-1980, 1983-1990). In 1992, he was elected to serve the 7th U.S. Congressional District. He serves on the powerful House Ways and Means Committee, and his major issue is tax reform, about which he has co-written a book. In November of 2008, Linder will be running for his ninth term in Congress.; Interviewed by Mel Steely on December 10, 1996 in John Linder's home.; Linder begins the interview by talking about his life growing up and going to college in Minnesota. One of the more interesting anecdotes that Linder discusses involves an agreement made with Speaker Tom Murphy that Murphy went back on his word on, which highly disappointed Linder. He then states that Murphy never missed an opportunity to be \"petty.\" After a brief discussion about Tom Murphy's relationship with other politicians, Linder answers questions about his 1982 race. He talks about his time in Congress, including his committees, campaigning tactics, and how he went about getting bills on the floor. The rest of the interview deals mainly with partisan politics and its effect on the government, especially in Georgia. The interview cuts off at the end of the 2nd disc."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, State University of West Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Legislators--Georgia--Interviews","Cable News Network","William B. Hartsfield-Atlanta International Airport","Atlanta Constitution","Christian Coalition","Linder, John--Interviews","Allen, Rick","Barr, Bob, 1948-","Bishop, Sanford D.","Buchanan, Patrick J. (Patrick Joseph), 1938-","Burrows, Jerry","Busbee, George, 1927-","Bush, George, 1924-","Campbell, Thomas, 1952-","Cassick, John","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","Collins, Michael Allen \"Mac\", 1944-","Collins, Marcus","Cook, Rodney","Coolidge, Calvin, 1872-1933","Coverdell, Paul Douglas, 1939-2000","Davison, Fred C. (Fred Corbet), 1929-2004","Deal, Nathan","Dole, Robert J., 1923-","Egan, Mike, 1926-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Fowler, Wyche, 1940-","Gephardt, Richard A. (Richard Andrew), 1941-","Gillis, Carl","Gingrich, Newt","Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich, 1931-","Harris, Joe Frank","Isakson, Johnny, 1944-","Jones, Ben, 1941 Aug. 30-","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Kidd, Culver, 1914-1995","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Mattingly, Mack, 1931-","McKinney, Cynthia, 1955-","Miller, Zell, 1932-","Murphy, Thomas Bailey, 1924-2007","Norwood, Charles W. (Charles Whitlow), 1941-2007","Nunn, Sam","Paxton, Bill","Reagan, Ronald","Robertson, Pat","Smith, George Leon, 1912-1973","Swindall, Pat, 1950-","Thatcher, Margaret","Waxman, Henry A.","Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962","Canada. Treaties, etc. 1992 Oct. 7","Vietnam War, 1961-1975","Watergate Affair, 1972-1974","Whitewater Inquiry, 1993-2000","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Georgia State University","United States. Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996","National Republican Congressional Committee","University of Minnesota--Alumni and alumnae","Albany (Ga.)","Athens (Ga.)","Atlanta (Ga.)","Augusta (Ga.)","Austin (Tex.)","Chattanooga (Tenn.)","Cherokee County (Ga.)","Cobb County (Ga.)","Dallas (Tex.)","Decatur (Ga.)","Deer River (Minn.)","DeKalb County (Ga.)","Dunwoody (Ga.)","Fulton County (Ga.)","Gwinnett County (Ga.)","Macon (Ga.)","Medicaid--United States","Newton County (Ga.)","Rockdale County (Ga.)","San Antonio (Tex.)","Savannah (Ga.)","Taxation--Georgia","Taxation--United States","United States--Politics and government--1989-"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with John Linder, 1996 December 10"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of West Georgia. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/uwg/phc/do:linder19961210"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:uwg_phc_linder19961210"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [interview title], Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, University of West Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","moving images"],"dcterms_extent":["2 interviews (circa 61 mins.; circa 58 mins.)"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Carter, Jimmy, 1924-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"uwg_phc_gambrell19920921","title":"Oral history interview with David Gambrell, 1992 September 21","collection_id":"uwg_phc","collection_title":"Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program","dcterms_contributor":["Steely, Mel","Wagner, Don","University of West Georgia. Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018","United States, Georgia, Bacon County, Alma, 31.53937, -82.46236","United States, Georgia, Carroll County, Carrollton, 33.58011, -85.07661","United States, Georgia, Cherokee County, Allatoona Lake, 34.13154, -84.63333","United States, Georgia, Cobb County, Marietta, 33.9526, -84.54993","United States, Georgia, Coweta County, Newnan, 33.38067, -84.79966","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Georgia, Hall County, Gainesville, 34.29788, -83.82407","United States, Georgia, Morgan County, Madison, 33.59568, -83.46794","United States, Georgia, Richmond County, Augusta, 33.47097, -81.97484","United States, Massachusetts, Suffolk County, Boston, 42.35843, -71.05977","United States, South Carolina, Anniston County"],"dcterms_creator":["Gambrell, David Henry, 1929-"],"dc_date":["1992-09-21"],"dcterms_description":["David Gambrell was born on December 20, 1929 in Atlanta, where he attended public schools before earning a law degree from Harvard University in 1952. He served in the U.S. Army Reserve from 1949-1957 while in private practice, opening his own firm in 1963. Gambrell was the president of the Atlanta Bar Association from 1965-1966, and the state Bar of Georgia from 1967-1968. He served as chair of the Democratic Party of Georgia from 1970-1971. Upon the death of Senator Richard B. Russell in 1971, he was appointed by Governor Jimmy Carter to fill the vacancy. Gambrell ran for a full term in 1972, but lost to Sam Nunn. He also ran for governor in 1974, but finished poorly in the Democratic primary. Gambrell returned to private practice in Atlanta and remains active in business and civic affairs.; Intervied by Mel Steely and Don Wagner on September 21, 1992.; The interview begins with a discussion of Gambrell's heritage, including dispelling the \"legend\" that his grandfather was a Confederate general in the Civil War. He talks about his school days and his time on the school newspaper; he was in high school from just before World War II up until right before it ended. He transitions into answering questions about his time at Davidson as well as Harvard Law. The conversation then changes over to his time in the service. When the interview shifts to politics, Gambrell talks about his career choices and his meeting with Jimmy Carter, as well as his extensive work as aids to political candidates in Georgia. He talks about his support of Jimmy Carter, and addresses his Senate appointment after Richard B. Russell's death. The third section of the interview consists of Gambrell answering questions about his votes on big issues during his Senatorial career."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, State University of West Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Legislators--Georgia--Interviews","Aeronautical and Space Science Committee","American Bar Association","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services","Attorneys general--Georgia","Busing for school integration--United States","Busing for school integration--Georgia","Political campaigns--United States","Political campaigns--Georgia","Civil Rights--United States--History","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Davidson College--Alumni and alumnae","Debates and debating--United States","Debates and debating--Georgia","Delta Airlines","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Georgia. Department of Transportation","Segregation--United States","Segregation--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights","Emory University","Fort McPherson (Ga.)","Fort Valley State College (Ga.)","Rationing--United States","Subsidies--United States","Harvard Law School--Alumni and Alumnae","School integration--United States","School integration--Georgia","King \u0026 Spalding","Labor unions--United States","Politics and the press","Indians of North America","National school lunch program","University of Georgia. School of Law","City planning--United States","City planning--Georgia","United States. Voting Rights Act of 1965","","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs","Korean War, 1950-1953","Vietnam War, 1961-1975","Watergate Affair, 1972-1974","World War, 1939-1945"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with David Gambrell, 1992 September 21"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of West Georgia. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/uwg/phc/do:gambrell19920921"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:uwg_phc_gambrell19920921"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [interview title], Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, University of West Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","moving images"],"dcterms_extent":["4 interviews (circa 58 mins.; circa 62 mins.; circa 61 mins.; circa 56 mins.)"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003","Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","Arnall, Ellis Gibbs, 1907-1992","Young, Andrew, 1932-","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Gambrell, David Henry, 1929---Interviews","Agnew, Spiro T., 1918-1996","Bell, Griffin B., 1918-2009","Bond, Julian, 1940-2015","Bentsen, Lloyd","Barnes, Roy E. (Roy Eugene), 1948-","Burson, William H., 1928-1997","Busbee, George, 1927-2004","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Byrd, Garland T. (Garland Turk), 1924-1997","Byrd, Harry F. (Harry Flood), 1887-1966","Byrd, Robert C.","Callaway, Howard H. (Howard Hollis), 1927-2014","Carter, Billy","Carter, Hugh A. (Hugh Alton), 1920-1999","Chiles, Lawton, 1930-1998","Clinton, Bill, 1946-","Connally, John Bowden, 1917-1993","Dirksen, Everett McKinley","Dole, Robert J., 1923-2021","Dukakis, Michael S. (Michael Stanley), 1933-","Ervin, Sam J., Jr. (Sam James), 1896-1985","Fowler, Wyche, 1940-","Gingrich, Newt","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Gray, James F.","Harris, Joe Frank","Hollings, Ernest F., 1922-2019","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Jordan, Hamilton","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Lance, Bert, 1931-2013","Lowe, Wyman","Mansfield, Mike, 1903-2001","Marshall, Thurgood, 1908-1993","McGovern, George S. (George Stanley), 1922-2012","Miller, Zell, 1932-2018","Mondale, Walter F., 1928-2021","Monroe, Marilyn, 1926-1962","Nunn, Sam","Pennington, Brooks","Plunkett, Lamar Rich, 1911-1995","Powell, Jody, 1943-2009","Proxmire, William","Rafshoon, Gerald M.","Reagan, Ronald","Rehnquist, William H., 1924-2005","Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971","Saxbe, William B.","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014","Shipp, Bill","Sibley, John","Sparkman, John, 1899-1985","Stennis, John C. (John Cornelius), 1901-1995","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Stevenson, Adlai E., III (Adlai Ewing), 1930-","Stoner, Jesse Benjamin, 1924-2005","Thompson, Fletcher, 1925-","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Troutman, Henry B. (Henry Battey), 1886-1978","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"uwg_phc_maddox2","title":"Oral history interview with Governor Lester Maddox, 1986 April 17","collection_id":"uwg_phc","collection_title":"Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program","dcterms_contributor":["Steely, Mel","Fitz-Simons, Ted","University of West Georgia. Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003"],"dc_date":["1986-04-17"],"dcterms_description":["Lester Maddox (1915-2003) was born to a working class family on September 30, 1915 in Atlanta. He dropped out of high school to work, and received a draft deferment during World War II due to employment in an essential industry. He opened the Pickrick Cafeteria in 1947, and became as widely known for his segregationist political commentary, as for his food. Maddox ran for office several times with no success, but became known nationally after a picture of him and supporters holding axe handles turning away black patrons ran in papers nationally in 1964. In 1966 he entered the Democratic primary for governor and defeated liberal former governor Ellis Arnall. Maddox managed a victory in a tumultuous election that ended up being decided by the overwhelmingly Democratic Georgia legislature.; Surprising to many, Maddox governed in a more moderate manner than expected and appointed more African Americans to government offices than all previous governors combined. He backed prison reform and secured more funding for the state's university system. Maddox could not serve a consecutive term as governor, so ran and won the office of lieutenant governor, where he often clashed with Governor Jimmy Carter. He went back into private business after leaving public office. Maddox died of cancer in 2003.; This interview is conducted by Dr. Mel Steely and Ted Fitz-Simons on April 17, 1986 at the University of West Georgia.; In this interview, Dr. Steely begins by asking Maddox how he came to be involved in politics, and why he continued to run even though he was defeated several times. He states that he is unafraid of controversy, which led to his polarized campaigns. He then discusses some of his strongest supporters and describes the responsibility of being in politics as making a commitment to the people as well as to making Georgia the best it could be. Dr. Steely also asks about Maddox's initial reactions to Vandiver's actions regarding the integration of the public schools of Georgia. He states that he sees himself as an underdog, which is why he chose to focus on prison reform. He states that he considers his biggest contribution to the state of Georgia was appointing African Americans to his offices, and his educational ideas. He also candidly shares his real feelings about former Presidents Nixon, Carter, and Johnson. He later refers to himself as \"a little Republican, a little Democrat, and a lot of Independent\" in regards to his views on the party system. He discusses his take on white supremacy versus the Civil Rights movement."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, State University of West Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Governors--Georgia","Legislators--Georgia","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Georgia. General Assembly","Guaranteed Annual Wage--Georgia","Guaranteed Annual Wage--United States","Race relations--Georgia","Race relations--United States","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Primaries","Georgia--Governor--Election","Prison reformers","Segregation--Georgia","Segregation--United States","Public welfare--United States","School integration--Georgia","White supremacy movements","Civil rights movements","Pickrick Cafeteria (Atlanta, Ga.)","Georgia--Governor--Election, 1970","Georgia--Governor--Election, 1974"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Governor Lester Maddox, 1986 April 17"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of West Georgia. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/uwg/phc/do:maddox2"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:uwg_phc_maddox2"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [interview title], Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, University of West Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","moving images"],"dcterms_extent":["2 videocassettes (circa 117 mins.; circa 47 mins.)"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003","Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003--Interviews","Arnall, Ellis Gibbs, 1907-1992","Busbee, George, 1927-2004","Callaway, Howard H. (Howard Hollis), 1927-2014","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Harris, Joe Frank","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Lane, Mills B. (Mills Bee), 1912-1989","Maddox, Virginia Cox, 1919-1997","McGill, Ralph, 1898-1969","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"uwg_phc_alexander20090708","title":"Oral history interview with Cecil Alexander, 2009 July 8","collection_id":"uwg_phc","collection_title":"Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program","dcterms_contributor":["Steely, Mel","University of West Georgia. 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As Alexander's practice prospered during the 1950s, he was motivated to become active in Atlanta's civic and political scene. Atlanta Mayor William B. Hartsfield appointed him chair of the Citizen's Advisory Committee for Urban Renewal, and Mayor Ivan Allen Jr. chose Alexander to lead a number of programs intended to guide Atlanta toward racial equality. Alexander helped to direct the Committee to Mediate Racial Unrest and, with John Lewis, formed the Atlanta Black Jewish Coalition. In 2001, the Georgia General Assembly approved a new state flag that Alexander designed to replace Georgia's 1956 state flag.; Interviewed by Dr. Mel Steely on July 8, 2009 at Alexander's home in Atlanta, Georgia.; Alexander begins by discussing his background, recounting bits and pieces of his family history from family members who had fought in the Revolutionary War, to his father, who had fought in the Civil War under William Sherman. His father, Cecil A. Alexander, Sr., was in the hardware business by the Great Depression and his mother, Julia, was a principal of a school in Montgomery, AL. He describes his youth as growing up with Atlanta and talks about his education. He attended Georgia Institute of Technology initially intending to pursue a degree in mechanical engineering; he soon turned to architecture, realizing that he had no talent for chemistry. Alexander talks about his time at Yale University where he majored in architecture and the classmates he had there. With WWII building momentum, Alexander took part in the Civilian Pilot Training Program, and joined the Navy in 1941 and eventually becoming a Marine Corps pilot. He served in the Central Pacific during WWII, flying sixty combat missions. After the war, Alexander stayed active as a Reserve Marine for a brief period and went to pursue his MA at Harvard. He describes his eventual relocation to Atlanta, his early employment in architecture, and speaks of his appointment as chair to the Citizen's Advisory Committee for Urban Renewal by Mayor William B. Hartsfield, describing his success as \"doing well by doing good.\" Alexander describes his political leanings and the period in which he had considered running for mayor of Atlanta, discussing Ivan Allen, Jr. and Sam Massell. Alexander speaks at length about his involvement with civil rights activism in Atlanta in the 1950s and 1960s, and the people with whom he worked, including Martin Luther King, Jr. and Hosea L. Williams. He then addresses the matter of the Georgia state flag and the controversy that existed around it for a number of years and involved Governors Barnes and Perdue. Alexander speaks of his acquaintance with Denmark Groover, and how a wreck with a drunk driver in 1983 that killed his late wife Hermione, eventually brought the two men together. He ends the discussion by commenting on the Leo Frank case and his experiences growing up as a Jew in Atlanta."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. 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Since the initial interview Thomas successfully ran for reelection in 1990; Thomas talks about this particular campaign and discloses how television ads had played a part. Lindsay discusses his role in introducing legislation, which did not occur too often, divulging that he had been most proud of the advances he had made for environmental causes, such as with turtle excluder devices and the wetlands bill. Thomas then discusses the Cold War, the nuclear arms race and the fall of the Berlin Wall, moving on to talk about U.S. involvement with the Contras of Central America and a discussion of Speaker Wright. Thomas then discusses his opinion of President George H. W. Bush and the foreign policy of the U.S. The congressional debates over the Gulf War is the next topic of conversation and Thomas speaks of his meeting with Egyptian president, Hosni Mubarak, who convinced him of the necessity of America's involvement in the impending war. Thomas then speaks of the importance of leadership within the U.S. armed forces, including that of the 24th Infantry Division. The shift from President George H. W. Bush to President Bill Clinton is discussed next, as are both presidents' popularity ratings and how hypocrisy played a role. Thomas goes on to discuss the House banking scandal of 1992 and of the ('sensationalizing') role of the press. Thomas served alongside three different Speakers of the House, Tip O'Neill, Jim Wright and Tom Foley, and several Majority Whips including Tony Coelho, Bill Gray and David Bonior; he discusses their political tactics, giving his opinion on each. Thomas addresses what he thinks are essential of a representative and discusses the delegation with which he worked. He discusses his own bipartisanship and his identification as an independent, as well as his decision to leave Washington, D.C. Georgia's politics are discussed, including governors Zell Miller and Joe Frank Harris. Thomas worked from 1993 to 1996 on the legalities concerning the 1996 Summer Olympics, he talks about these issues and about how Speaker Tom Murphy had responded to the Olympic Games. The conversation next turns to the future of the Republican and Democratic parties, the current polarizing trends and what Thomas would like to see happen. He discusses the presidency of Bill Clinton and the importance of the business sector and local governance. Thomas closes the discussion by stating that he no longer wants to work in politics; he would prefer to work on his farm, spend time with his grandchildren, work in the preservation of local ecology and pursue writing. [The interview ends mid-sentence.]"],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Carrollton, Ga. : University of West Georgia Special Collections in association with the Digital Library of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Political Papers and Oral History Program oral history interviews. Annie Belle Weaver Special Collections, Irvine Sullivan Ingram Library, State University of West Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games","Christian Coalition","Georgia Chamber of Commerce","Georgia's HOPE Scholarship Program","United States. 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