{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_120","title":"Interview with Earl Brown","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Brown, Earl","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-29"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Earl Brown recalls his life as a coal miner, daily life in the mining camps and the challenges surrounding organized labor in Alabama. He also discusses FDR and the effect of the Wagner Acts on organizing labor. He was a member of the United Mine Workers of America of America (UMWA) and recounts organizing drives, strikes and the unique sense of solidarity among mine workers. Brown talks about his first job, loading coal. The employees had to buy their tools, powder, and lamp. He also defines \"pillar work,\" \"green work\" and \"top working.\" He briefly mentions black lung and says that it was originally called \"mining asthma.\" Brown says that \"segregation was everywhere else but there [inside the mine]. They respected one another, that's where the togetherness come at. You come out of the mine, you're separate... Even at the commissary they had the white line and the black line... the thing that pulled me the closest to the mine workers more than anything was because actually that's something that we didn't deal with... segregation in there.\" Brown believes that the UMWA influenced other unions in the steel and automobile industry, for example. People saw the effect of UMWA, Brown says. UMWA \"paved the way...someone had to be a trailblazer and we were all trailblazers... coal, coke is the base for making steel. Once a coal miner go on strike, automatically set coke, steel everything else down. So it's a relationship you see.\"","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Brown, Earl--Interviews","Coal miners--Alabama","Labor unions--Alabama","United Mine Workers of America","Coal miners--Segregation","Segregation--Alabama","United States--Civilization--1970-"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Earl Brown"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/120"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aar_wsfa_577","title":"WSFA item A079.0010","collection_id":"aar_wsfa","collection_title":"WSFA Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, 32.75041, -86.75026"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-29/1984-07-04"],"dcterms_description":["The following notes accompany the original tape: N-S-633 Storage Reel // Maxwell Chapel; Pet Travelling; Allison Racing; Stallions 10 pm; Stallions 6 pm; Jackson Letter Writer; Dothan Bank 6 pm; Daves Plays of the Week; Hazardous Waste Indictments; Voter Regis; Nichols; Shooting; Roy Smith / Holiday Fatalities; Flowers Hospital / Outgoing Traffic; Storer Cable Stealers Update; Peach Festival; Racing; Golf; Auburn Univ. Center; Stallions Beat Tampa in Playoffs; Atlanta; McDevity / Science Honors; Civil Rights Anniversary; Dothan Bank Robbery Suspect; Blanton Arrives at Maxwell Prison; Death Penalty Protest; PSC / Bell Talks; Tucker Announces for PSC; Peanut Festival Guests; I-85 More Problems; Bayshore Residents Update / Dothan; Stallions Recap; Braves vs Montreal; USFL; Bucky McMillan for Appeals Court; Dog Days; Jane Doe Update on Being Transfered to Greil Hosp.; Fireworks Accidents; Jaycees / Supreme Court Decision on Women 6 pm; Jaycees / Supreme Court Decision on Women 10 pm; Siegelman / Voter Registration Drive; Rainbow Coalition; John Cates Announce for District Judgeship; Salvation Coffee Break for 4th Motorists; Dothan Home Building Situation; Mayor Folmar Say No to Minor League Baseball Team; Why Minor League Looking at Montgomery Phone In; Braves Baseball Montreal; No Minor League Team for Montgomery 10 pm; Friendship Force Gathering at Riverfront Station; Senator Howell Heflin Qualifies in B'Ham // Label on item says \"Hayes\""],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Montgomery, Ala. : Alabama Department of Archives and History"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["WSFA-TV (Television station : Montgomery, Ala.)","WSFA collection","Box A079, Item 0010"],"dcterms_subject":["Economic \u0026 social conditions--Alabama","Legislators--Alabama","Segregation--Alabama","Civil rights demonstrations"],"dcterms_title":["WSFA item A079.0010"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Alabama. Department of Archives and History"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digital.archives.alabama.gov/cdm/ref/collection/wsfa/id/577"],"dcterms_temporal":["1980/1989"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Copyright, Alabama Department of Archives and History. Donated by WSFA, https://www.wsfa.com."],"dcterms_medium":["videocassettes","U-matic (TM)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_125","title":"Interview with Arthur D. Shores","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["D. Shores, Arthur","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-28"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Arthur Shores talks about his career as a prominent black attorney in Birmingham, Alabama, during the Civil Rights movement. Shores went to law school at the University of Kansas because there were no law schools in Alabama to admit blacks and it was cheaper than going east. Through the forties he was the only black lawyer in Alabama (there had been a couple of others before him). He says he never had a problem as a black lawyer in Alabama except in Birmingham. He was retained by the NAACP. One of his big early cases was a lawsuit against L\u0026N Railroad to change discriminatory hiring and promotion practices. He also talks about being the lawyer in a suit to equalize pay for black teachers. He says, though, in general teachers were afraid to speak up for their rights because they feared the repercussions. Shores tells the story of being hired as a prosecutor in a trial of a white officer. He was threatened and had his friends protect him on his way to the court house every day. The man was found guilty. After the trial, a black police informant took a swing at him. When Shores's friends beat him up, they we all thrown in jail, Shores included. Soon, they were released. Later, the informant told him he'd been paid to start a scene. Shores says this incident gained him a lot of publicity; until then, a lot of people hadn't known he was practicing. Shores remembers the struggle to register black voters in Birmingham. He recounts the story of a registrar who asked a black man to recite the constitution. He recited, instead, the Gettysburg address, but the registrar didn't know the difference, so the man was registered. Shores recalls that various groups had registration drives, including the NAACP and the labor unions in the mining camps. Shores describes running for office to prove that it could be done by a black man. Shores discusses how the city was once zoned such that only blacks or only whites could live in a certain area. Once the laws changed, blacks moving into formerly white zoned neighborhoods often had their houses burned or blown up. After the blacks heard from a white informant in the Ku Klux Klan, they planned an ambush of one of those burning parties. After that incident, there were no more houses blown up. Shores also talks a little about his background. He remembers living out in the county near the mining camps. He was envious of camp life for their housing and commissary as well as for their superior schools. He attended one until they found out he wasn't attached to the company. Then he found a way to attend Birmingham city schools by giving the address of a family friend who lived in town. Shores talks about former governor George Wallace, who he doesn't believe was a racist. He once tried a case in his court and found him to be a nice man, and he ate with him sometimes. He describes how politics changes a person's behavior.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["D. Shores, Arthur--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Arthur D. Shores"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/125"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_wlohp_0000062","title":"Interview with Arthur D. Shores, 1984 June 28","collection_id":"alm_wlohp","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Shores, Arthur D. (Arthur Davis), 1904-1996"],"dc_date":["1984-06-28"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Arthur Shores talks about his career as a prominent black attorney in Birmingham, Alabama, during the Civil Rights movement. Shores went to law school at the University of Kansas because there were no law schools in Alabama to admit blacks and it was cheaper than going east. Through the forties he was the only black lawyer in Alabama (there had been a couple of others before him). He says he never had a problem as a black lawyer in Alabama except in Birmingham. He was retained by the NAACP. One of his big early cases was a lawsuit against L\u0026N Railroad to change discriminatory hiring and promotion practices. He also talks about being the lawyer in a suit to equalize pay for black teachers. He says, though, in general teachers were afraid to speak up for their rights because they feared the repercussions. Shores tells the story of being hired as a prosecutor in a trial of a white officer. He was threatened and had his friends protect him on his way to the court house every day. The man was found guilty. After the trial, a black police informant took a swing at him. When Shores' friends beat him up, they we all thrown in jail, Shores included. Soon, they were released. Later, the informant told him he'd been paid to start a scene. Shores says this incident gained him a lot of publicity; until then, a lot of people hadn't known he was practicing. Shores remembers the struggle to register black voters in Birmingham. He recounts the story of a registrar who asked a black man to recite the constitution. He recited, instead, the Gettysburg address, but the registrar didn't know the difference, so the man was registered. Shores recalls that various groups had registration drives, including the NAACP and the labor unions in the mining camps. Shores describes running for office to prove that it could be done by a black man. Shores discusses how the city was once zoned such that only blacks or only whites could live in a certain area. Once the laws changed, blacks moving into formerly white zoned neighborhoods often had their houses burned or blown up. After the blacks heard from a white informant in the Ku Klux Klan, they planned an ambush of one of those burning parties. After that incident, there were no more houses blown up. Shores also talks a little about his background. He remembers living out in the county near the mining camps. He was envious of camp life for their housing and commissary as well as for their superior schools. He attended one until they found out he wasn't attached to the company. Then he found a way to attend Birmingham city schools by giving the address of a family friend who lived in town. Shores talks about former governor George Wallace, who he doesn't believe was a racist. He once tried a case in his court and found him to be a nice man, and he ate with him sometimes. He describes how politics changes a person's behavior.","Interviewed by Cliff Kuhn on June 28, 1984.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["u0008_0000003_0000062","http://purl.lib.ua.edu/54340"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Archive of American Minority Cultures"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of the online collection: Working Lives Oral History Project."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American lawyers--Alabama--Birmingham","Discrimination in education--Alabama","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Discrimination in employment--Alabama","Police misconduct--Alabama","Voter registration--Alabama--Birmingham","African Americans--Alabama--Birmingham--Politics and government","Discrimination in housing--Alabama--Birmingham","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","African Americans--Crimes against--Alabama--Birmingham","Intimidation","Birmingham (Ala.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Arthur D. Shores, 1984 June 28"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/125"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts","sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Shores, Arthur D. (Arthur Davis), 1904-1996","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_192","title":"Interview with Eva Russell","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Russell, Eva","McCallum, Brenda"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-28"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Eva Russell talks about her life in Birmingham in the forties, fifties, and sixties, including her husband's job in the mines and the café she ran. Russell was married to a miner, and he was in a labor union. She recalls they were on strikes a lot by that time, so her husband usually had part time work, too. She says her husband was killed in a mining accident around the time their youngest children were entering college. Russell didn't work outside the home while her children were still being raised. In the late fifties, Russell began working in a restaurant that she eventually bought. She ran the Fraternal Café for years, and it was a popular place in her neighborhood. Russell also describes the music scene of her area, including many prominent musicians. Russell discusses being among the first black voters registered in the forties. She says they asked many questions about government. Her husband didn't have more than a fifth grade education, so he couldn't answer them, but she answered for him. She says she never had much problem registering. She also recalls paying a poll tax. Russell remembers the struggles of the civil rights movement. She couldn't march because she was operating her café, but she remembers seeing the marches and even dealing with water from the police hoses coming into her café. She says her contribution was feeding people who needed food. Russell also talks about Parker High School, as well as her impressions of G. A. Gaston and H. D. Coke. Russell concludes by reading two of her own poems. Note: The available transcript for this interview pertains to the first audio file. The second audio file largely consists of the interviewee, Eva Billingsley Russell, reading her poetry, which she says she would once day like to get published as a collection called Golden Threads. Four years after this 1984 interview, Russell's poetry was published as Golden Threads : a collection of poems about the Black family, Zoe Publications, 1988.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Russell, Eva--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Eva Russell"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/192"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_164","title":"Interview with Jessie Whitely and William Wilson","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Whitely, Jessie","Wilson, William","McCallum, Steve"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-28"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Jesse Whitley talks about ore mining and coal mining. He compares the two and discusses how mules were used. He explains the process of ore mining and describes how they were trained and the hierarchy of jobs. He also discusses the labor union, the difficulty it brought but also the improvements, especially in medical care. They also went from working 12-hour days to working eight-hour days.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Whitely, Jessie--Interviews","Wilson, William--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Jessie Whitely and William Wilson"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/164"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_320","title":"Interview with H.D. Coke","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Coke, H. D.","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-27"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, H.D. Coke discusses his move to Birmingham in 1936 and his earliest impressions of the city. He discusses his years as a local newspaper reporter and his various other careers throughout his lifetime. Coke comments on his involvement in both the labor and Civil Rights movements in the Birmingham area. He also recalls being a witness in the \"Communist trial\" for W.E.B. Dubois as well as meeting Eleanor Roosevelt at the 1938 meeting of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare in Birmingham. Coke explains how he dealt with segregation and Jim Crow laws in Alabama. For example, he recalls trying to register to vote in the 1930s and being required to name the Justices of the Supreme Court. He discusses Birmingham's business community, statistics, race relations and politics. He also discusses his involvement in gospel music. He talks about the Harmonettes, the Blinds Boys of Alabama and Inez Andrews, among others.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Coke, H. D.--Interviews","Labor unions--Alabama--Birmingham","Civil rights movements--Alabama--Birmingham","Reporters and reporting--Alabama--Birmingham","Gospel music--Alabama--Birmingham","Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963--Trials, litigation, etc.","African Americans--Segregation","United States--Civilization--1970-"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with H.D. Coke"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/320"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_wlohp_0000016","title":"Interview with H.D. Coke, 1984 June 27","collection_id":"alm_wlohp","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Coke, H. D."],"dc_date":["1984-06-27"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, H.D. Coke discusses his move to Birmingham in 1936 and his earliest impressions of the city. He discusses his years as a local newspaper reporter and his various other careers throughout his lifetime. Coke comments on his involvement in both the labor and Civil Rights movements in the Birmingham area. He also recalls being a witness in the \"Communist trial\" for W.E.B. Dubois as well as meeting Eleanor Roosevelt at the 1938 meeting of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare in Birmingham. Coke explains how he dealt with segregation and Jim Crow laws in Alabama. For example, he recalls trying to register to vote in the 1930s and being required to name the Justices of the Supreme Court. He discusses Birmingham's business community, statistics, race relations and politics. He also discusses his involvement in gospel music. He talks about the Harmonettes, the Blinds Boys of Alabama and Inez Andrews, among others.","Interviewed by Cliff Kuhn on June 27, 1984."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":["u0008_0000003_0000016","http://purl.lib.ua.edu/54298"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Archive of American Minority Cultures"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of the online collection: Working Lives Oral History Project."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Labor unions--Alabama--Birmingham","Civil rights movements--Alabama--Birmingham","Reporters and reporting--Alabama--Birmingham","Gospel music--Alabama--Birmingham","African Americans--Segregation","United States--Civilization--1970-"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with H.D. Coke, 1984 June 27"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/320"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts","sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963--Trials, litigation, etc.","Coke, H. D.--Interviews"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_23","title":"Interview with William E. Mitch","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Mitch, William E.","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-27"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview Mitch recalls organizing unions in Alabama, beginning in the 1930s. Mitch's father was an organizer in the United Mine Workers of America of Indiana. The family moved to Alabama, where Mitch's father discovered that that there were no unions. Mitch describes company towns or mining camps, explaining that the miners rented from the employer and bought groceries from the employer. Many of the miners had never handled cash because they were paid with metal coinage that could only be redeemed at the company store. Mitch recalls various challenges in trying to establish labor unions in the South, including the inaccessibility of rural employees, threats of reprisal from employers and being required to hold meetings in secret. He added that local governments were also often anti-union because they were afraid that unions would \"run industry off.\" He later adds that workers \"had very little to lose. They weren't making a living anyhow, and they were ready to do anything.\" Mitch adds that without the advent of the New Deal and passage of the Wagner Act and National Labor Relations Act, \"we'd still be in the 1920s.\" Mitch believes coal miners are unique, in terms of race relations, solidarity and strong sense of loyalty. The race issue was not a big problem because the miners worked side by side. He adds that organizing could have never happened without the cooperation of black workers; black leaders and churches were key components in organizing. Mitch says that employers who resist unions fear loss of control, so the authority to hire and fire is most guarded. He adds that the Depression undermined the fear of losing control among workers. \"A man understands the need for the union... [but] he's got to work somewhere.\" Mitch also briefly explains the historical developments in coal mining. He describes strip mining, mechanization, mining house coal with mules, continuous mining and robbing pillars.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Mitch, William E.--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with William E. 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When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_91","title":"Interview with Alex Bryant","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Bryant, Alex","McCallum, Brenda"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-26"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Alex Bryant recalls his early life on the farm in Barbour County and says that he prefers rural life because his family always had plenty to eat and never had to ask anyone for anything. He eventually moved to Birmingham in 1918. 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For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_328","title":"Interview with Lizzie Lopp","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Lopp, Lizzie","McCallum, Brenda"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-26"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Lizzie May Lopp talks about her life first in the country and then in Birmingham, especially during the Depression. Lopp talks about growing up on a farm. She worked from the age of five because her family needed the help. She mentions hoeing and picking cotton. 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For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_218","title":"Interview with Reverend Fred C. Jones","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Jones, Fred C.","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-26"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, the Reverend Fred C. 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When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null}],"pages":{"current_page":978,"next_page":979,"prev_page":977,"total_pages":6766,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":11724,"total_count":81191,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false},"facets":[{"name":"educator_resource_mediums_sms","items":[{"value":"lesson plans","hits":319},{"value":"teaching guides","hits":53},{"value":"timelines (chronologies)","hits":43},{"value":"online exhibitions","hits":38},{"value":"bibliographies","hits":15},{"value":"study guides","hits":11},{"value":"annotated bibliographies","hits":9},{"value":"learning modules","hits":6},{"value":"worksheets","hits":6},{"value":"slide shows","hits":4},{"value":"quizzes","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"Text","hits":40200},{"value":"StillImage","hits":35114},{"value":"MovingImage","hits":4552},{"value":"Sound","hits":3248},{"value":"Collection","hits":41},{"value":"InteractiveResource","hits":25}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"creator_facet","items":[{"value":"Peppler, Jim","hits":4965},{"value":"Phay, John E.","hits":4712},{"value":"University of Mississippi. 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