{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_223","title":"Interview with Constance Jones Price","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Price, Constance Jones","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-18"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Constance Price talks about the efforts of her father, Walter W. Jones, to organize for the UMWA in Alabama. Price says the family came to Birmingham because prominent mine leader John L. Lewis asked her father to help organize the coal miners in the area. She recalls that her father's life was often in jeopardy because of his work organizing the union, but she says the whites usually looked after him, helped keep him safe. Price says she was always aware that her father was in danger. She remembers many nights when he was hiding out and wasn't able to come home, and her mother and the children would cry. They also worried when he had to go into the mines with inspectors because they had heard about the awful conditions and they had seen the fall out from mine accidents. She says Jones himself didn't do much mining in his lifetime; he was there because his father had been a miner. In fact, Jones urged his children to stay out of the mines. Price also talks briefly about living through the Depression, which she calls The Panic. She remembers the bread lines, but she says her family didn't go on relief. They raised animals and had a garden.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Price, Constance Jones --Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Constance Jones Price"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/223"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_215","title":"Interview with Lera Maggard","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Maggard, Lera","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-18"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Lera Maggard discusses growing up on a farm, raising a family during the Depression, and working at an iron mill during World War II. Maggard describes her family life growing up. Her father was a farmer. She remembers how the family stayed in debt to the merchants in town all year and settled up at the end of the year. She recalls that they lost the farm after her mother died. Maggard also talks about education, how she always stressed it to her children. She explains that as the oldest girl in the family, when her mother died, she had to leave school to take care of her brothers and sisters. When her own oldest son wanted to drop out of school to help her family after her husband died, she insisted that he stay in school. She adds that her sons were all in the military, and most of them went to college on the GI Bill. Maggard recalls surviving the Depression. Her husband died right before it began, so she had to find a way to work to support herself. She rented out part of her large home and worked for the WPA. She describes dealing with the relief agencies, especially the Red Cross. She says Ida Shepherd, a black woman, was difficult to deal with, but Mrs. Barfield, a white woman, was nice; she would sometimes come to her house and sit and talk to her or eat dinner with her. Maggard mentions working at the Stockham iron mill during World War II, when a lot of women were getting industrial jobs to help out with the war effort. She remembers that women were not in the union at the time she was working, but they supported it.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Maggard, Lera--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Lera Maggard"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/215"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_10","title":"Interview with Bobby Clayton","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Clayton, Bobby","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-17"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Clayton explains that his family came by wagon from Mississippi to Alabama for work. Clayton's father was a miner in Muscoda, Alabama. Clayton was born in 1941 and grew up in the company camp. He describes life in the company camp, mining, his interest in history and recounts several illustrative stories he heard about life during The Depression. About life in the camp, Clayton explains that the company provided churches of various denominations in the camp. He also recalls the competition between mining communities and states that it was close to impossible to date someone from a different camp. He explains that the mining camps were eventually called \"villages,\" because the term \"camp\" had a certain stigma attached to it. Families who lived in the mining camps or villages were called \"camp folk.\" Clayton explains that the camps provided everything for employees and he believes this created a dependency on the company and a lack of ambition in some workers. He also reports that some men had two wives in the camps; he adds that this was not openly discussed. Clayton also discusses mining throughout the interview. He details risks in mining, including lack of ventilation and silicosis. Clayton also recalls that there were whiskey stills in the mine; he explains that there was a crew of men who was only responsible for making whiskey. He also recounts the closing of the mines, beginning in 1950. He calls it a sad occasion and explains that workers had to retire, take severance pay or were sent to U.S. Steel. Clayton, however, never worked in a mine himself. He was shown a picture of men trapped in a mine and he said this put a fear in him that he still carries with him.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Clayton, Bobby--Interviews","Mines and mineral resources--Alabama--Muscoda","Mining camps--Alabama--Muscoda","Work environment--Alabama--Muscoda","Whiskey","United States--Civilization--1970-"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Bobby Clayton"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/10"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_177","title":"Interview with Carrie Millender","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Millender, Carrie","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-17"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Carrie Millender recalls her childhood in the country and her opinions of that life versus the city. Millender's father worked on the railroad, but he died when she was young. She says her stepfather was a sharecropper. She was raised with two brothers and a female cousin; one of the brothers left as a teenager because he didn't want to be a farmer. She recalls that sharecropping worked out well enough for their family. Their landlord was nice, and he helped them get through the Depression. Millender explains that she lived in a mostly white community, but she didn't deal with discrimination. She describes her community as friendly and \"neighborly,\" people of both races helping each other out. She did attend segregated schooling in the next town, through the eighth grade. Millender says that aside from seeing her friends at church on Sundays, most of their recreation was in visits to Birmingham. She explains her feelings about the city and how city life compares to country life in general. Millender also adds a little about her home life. She has six children and was a housewife until her youngest son went to school. Her husband was laborer for railroad, doing construction, and he advanced pretty far in his job for a black man at that time.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Millender, Carrie--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Carrie Millender"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/177"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_147","title":"Interview with C.S. Johnson","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Johnson, C.S.","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-17"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, C. S. Johnson discusses his work history during the Depression as well as his experience trying to register to vote in the 1950s. Johnson explains that his family came from the country and had been in the business of sharecropping. He recalls living through the Depression and how difficult it could be to get a job with the WPA and especially the NYA (National Youth Administration, part of the WPA). Johnson recounts his various jobs: selling popsicles, delivering for a bakery, working in a packing company, delivering for a drug store, and working for L\u0026N Railroad. He wife got him the railroad job because she worked in the house of one of the bosses, as a maid and cook. In addition, she went to beauty school and became a beautician. Johnson discusses how hard it was to receive a job promotion as a black man, although he eventually succeeded. He also describes the difficulty of registering to vote. He recalls making the attempt dozens of times, only to be asked questions designed to prohibit him from voting. He was asked to recite the U.S. Constitution and the names of Alabama and U.S. senators. He even remembers being asked how many gallons of water were in the Alabama River. When his foreman heard that he hadn't been registered yet, he was finally able to do so ostensibly because of his connection to the foreman. Johnson conjectures that because the man at the registration office knew the foreman, he didn't want to appear to be racist.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Johnson, C.S.--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with C.S. Johnson"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/147"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_280","title":"Interview with Herman A. Taylor","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Taylor, Herman A.","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-17"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Herman Taylor discusses growing up the son of an industrial worker as well as talks about his own job in the steel mill. Taylor says that while his father worked from sunup to sundown, his mother ran the household, including managing the money. He describes his mother as a strong woman and shared stories of how she managed the household; for example, she didn't trade in the commissary because it wasn't good for their finances. In addition, his mother worked at the welfare department during the Depression; however, Taylor says his family was never on relief. He also recalls stories of how people got fuel during the Depression, sometimes by throwing coal off train cars to pick up later, sometimes by tearing up abandoned houses for firewood. Taylor describes the process of making steel, from the raw materials to make the iron to the adding of alloys to make steel. He worked as a laborer then as a brickmason's helper. He says that to get along in the plant, you needed \"a weak mind and a strong back\" or at least you needed to pretend. Taylor also talks a little about the differences between northern and southern steel plants, especially in terms of modernization. Taylor describes the hierarchy of jobs and says blacks couldn't advance very far. Eventually, the black workers took the company to court. Though they won, the company found ways to keep black workers down anyway. Taylor discusses the local union. He recalls that the miners were much more violent in their strikes and protests; he says they were more protective of their jobs. When the miners quit working, they would come to the steel plant to tell them about it, and the steel workers would stop, too. They would likely be shut down anyway for lack of raw materials. Taylor ends with a discussion of local union leaders and organizers.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Taylor, Herman A.--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Herman A. Taylor"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/280"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_303","title":"Interview with Leon Alexander","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Alexander, Leon","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-17"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Leon Alexander recounts his life as a coal miner and his involvement in the United Mine Workers of America. He discusses the challenges of organizing in the South, where there was strong anti-union sentiment. He also recounts the 1922 United Mine Workers of America Strike that was broken up by the National Guard and the Jefferson County Sheriff's Department. This strike ultimately resulted in men being blacklisted, unable to get another job. Alexander describes the segregated conditions in the mining camps and being required to hold segregated union meetings. These practices eventually ended because men were more concerned about working conditions than upholding racial ideology. He adds that the bath houses at the mine were also segregated. He also describes race relations in Alabama in the 1920s and being treated like a second-class citizen. Alexander recalls being taken in the mines for the first time by his father and deciding this was hard work but at least it would get him out of the hot sun. He had heard about explosions, but they didn't scare him. Other employees never went back after explosions because they were afraid, but the vast majority of the men went back to work. In this interview he says death was a constant companion in mining. There were so many ways of getting killed; they just never paid too much attention to it. He recalls his first day in the mines as the scariest day of his life. He felt like the world was coming to an end but eventually he got accustomed to it. His father taught him how to coal mine. Miners would bring their children into the mine and the fathers would pay the children to help with their tonnage. He explains that if someone carried a child in who got killed, the company didn't have to pay for it, because the child wasn't their employee. Alexander reports that many men were reluctant to strike because these were the same families that were involved in the 1922 strike. He also describes the technological advances in coal mining in the interview and details how unions have improved working conditions.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Alexander, Leon--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Leon Alexander"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/303"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_131","title":"Interview with James Armstrong","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Armstrong, James, 1923-2009","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-16"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Armstrong discusses growing up in the country; he was born in Dallas County, Alabama. He entered the service in 1943 and learned to cut hair; he eventually established a barbering business in Birmingham. Armstrong describes segregation in Birmingham, the role Fred Shuttlesworth played in the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham and the eventual integration of buses, lunch counters, parks and schools. He describes segregated buses and harassment by the local police force. He also recalled attempting to register to vote. He was charged a poll tax each time and was asked to recite the Constitution, supply the physical address of Alabama senators, know the number of bubbles in a bar of soap or the number seeds in a watermelon.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":null,"dcterms_title":["Interview with James Armstrong"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/131"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Armstrong, James, 1923-2009--Interviews"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_169","title":"Interview with Jessie Grace","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Grace, Jessie","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-16"],"dcterms_description":["Jesse Grace was a coal miner in the Muscoda camp from the age of 15 until 1954, when the mine closed. In this interview he recalls the working conditions in the mine, living in the company camp and losing his leg in a mining accident. He also discusses mining methods, including mining with mules. He recalls The Depression and says that the mines were shut down during this period. He says once the New Deal started, work started to pick up pretty well. In his discussion of this period, he describes walking 56 miles to work for the WPA (Works Progress Administration) in Hueytown. Grace also describes how the union came about in 1933. Until he worked in the mine, he had never heard of the union but was warned by his employers to not have anything to do with \"folks come from up North or somewhere or another, wanting to get y'all in a union.\" He says the workers eventually joined because they wanted better working conditions. Grace was laid off as an \"undesirable\" due to his union activities; the company was eventually required to hire him back and pay him for the two years of lost work. He also recalls losing his leg in the accident and returning to work after he had recovered. The company provided $300 in compensation for his leg.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Grace, Jessie--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Jessie Grace"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/169"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_60","title":"Interview with Curtis Maggard","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Maggard, Curtis","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-13"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Curtis Maggard recalls the organization of the Steelworkers' Union in Birmingham, and he describes living through the Depression. Maggard talks about organizing a union for steelworkers at the TCI plant in Ensley. He recalls being laid off for up to a week sometimes because he was trying to get people to join the union. He says people were scared to join for that very reason, so the union took two years to get off the ground. He recalls that blacks and whites were both in the union. The union was good for blacks especially, because it helped regulate the process for advancement so that it followed seniority. He also talks about \"scabbing,\" which meant working in a plant where a union was on strike. He says he almost scabbed once at the Sloss plant because he badly needed the money, but he was afraid to. One of his friends was badly beaten for scabbing. He also reminded himself that he should support the union; they were on strike for a reason. Maggard discusses his work in the steel plant. He was a common laborer but he eventually moved up to other jobs on the furnace side of the operations. He says the steel plant was better money than some other industrial jobs and believes it was easier to \"dodge\" work. 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