{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"aru_unequal_783","title":"Arkansas Episcopal Bishop Calls for Peace","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":["Letter from Episcopal Bishop of Arkansas Robert R. Brown condemning violence at Little Rock Central High School.","Integration -- Desegregation -- African-Americans -- Blacks -- Little Rock Central High School -- Little Rock (Ark.) -- Episcopal Church -- Little Rock -- Pulaski"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Arkansas Episcopal Bishop Calls for Peace"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/783"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["letters (correspondence)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Brown, Robert R."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_782","title":"Arkansas Episcopal Bishop Calls for Peace","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":["Letter from Episcopal Bishop of Arkansas Robert R. Brown condemning violence at Little Rock Central High School.","Integration -- Desegregation -- African-Americans -- Blacks -- Little Rock Central High School -- Little Rock (Ark.) -- Episcopal Church -- Little Rock -- Pulaski"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Arkansas Episcopal Bishop Calls for Peace"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/782"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["letters (correspondence)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Brown, Robert R."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_784","title":"Arkansas Episcopal Bishop Calls for Peace","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":["Letter from Episcopal Bishop of Arkansas Robert R. Brown condemning violence at Little Rock Central High School.","Integration -- Desegregation -- African-Americans -- Blacks -- Little Rock Central High School -- Little Rock (Ark.) -- Episcopal Church -- Little Rock -- Pulaski"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Arkansas Episcopal Bishop Calls for Peace"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/784"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["letters (correspondence)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Brown, Robert R."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"mum_jws-race_736","title":"George Carson to Jim, 23 September 1957","collection_id":"mum_jws-race","collection_title":"James W. Silver Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, District of Columbia, Washington, 38.89511, -77.03637"],"dcterms_creator":["Carson, George"],"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Silver, James W. (James Wesley), 1907-1988","James W. Silver Collection, Archives and Special Collections, University of Mississippi Libraries"],"dcterms_subject":["American Historical Association"],"dcterms_title":["George Carson to Jim, 23 September 1957"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["John Davis Williams Library. Department of Archives and Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://clio.lib.olemiss.edu/cdm/ref/collection/JWS_race/id/736"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Copyright of materials in the James W. Silver Collection remains with the creator or original publication. These items may not be reproduced, re-posted or saved except under fair use, as stipulated by copyright law: reproduction is not to be \"used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.\" If a user makes use of these digital files for purposes in excess of \"fair use,\" that user may be liable for copyright infringement."],"dcterms_medium":["correspondence"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"bcas_p15728coll1_13290","title":"Little Rock police officers keep white protestors behind barricades","collection_id":"bcas_p15728coll1","collection_title":"Butler Center for Arkansas Studies Photographs Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044","United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, 34.76993, -92.3118","United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, Central High School, 34.73683, -92.29895"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":["Little Rock police officers keep white protestors behind barricades.","Recto: Little Rock Policemen work to keep protestors behind barricades at Central High on September","This project was supported in part by a Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives project grant from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and Council on Library and Information Resources."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Little Rock, Ark. : Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Central High Museum, Inc. papers (CHSC 314)","History of Segregation and Integration of Arkansas's Educational System"],"dcterms_subject":["Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)","Little Rock Public Schools (Little Rock, Ark.)","African Americans--Education--Arkansas--Little Rock","African Americans--Civil rights--Arkansas--Little Rock","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Police"],"dcterms_title":["Little Rock police officers keep white protestors behind barricades"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Butler Center for Arkansas Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://arstudies.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15728coll1/id/13290"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site believes this item is covered by our copyright, fair use, or public domain. If you claim copyright, contact the National Historic Site."],"dcterms_medium":["photographic prints"],"dcterms_extent":["8 x 10 in"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dde_ddetimeline_133","title":"Press release regarding Little Rock situation","collection_id":"dde_ddetimeline","collection_title":"Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century Information: Dwight D. Eisenhower","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, Rhode Island, Newport County, Newport, 41.4901, -71.31283"],"dcterms_creator":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":["Press release from September 23, 1957 in which President Dwight D. Eisenhower addresses the ongoing school integration crisis at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Eisenhower affirms the laws of the United States, pledges the government's full power to enforce the rulings of the federal courts, urges that a \"sense of justice and fair play prevail,\" and expresses his confidence in the citizens of Little Rock and Arkansas to respect the law. The Little Rock school district voted to integrate its schools in 1957. Governor Faubus, opposed to integration, sent members of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students--the \"Little Rock Nine\"--from entering Little Rock Central High School on September 4. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of: Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Collection: Papers of James C. Hagerty, Press Secretary to the President, 1953-1961,  Series: Subject Files Series, Box Number: 6, Folder Title: Integration--Little Rock, 1957 (1)."],"dcterms_subject":["Federal-state controversies--Arkansas","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","African American students--Arkansas--Little Rock","High school students--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race riots--Arkansas--Little Rock","Violence--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race relations","Little Rock (Ark.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)","Soldiers--United States","Presidents--United States","Intervention (Federal government)--Arkansas--Little Rock"],"dcterms_title":["Press release regarding Little Rock situation"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Dwight D. Eisenhower Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://presidentialtimeline.org/html/record.php?id=133"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Rights Status: Unrestricted"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["press releases"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dde_ddetimeline_139","title":"Press release regarding obstruction of justice in the state of Arkansas","collection_id":"dde_ddetimeline","collection_title":"Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century Information: Dwight D. Eisenhower","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, Rhode Island, Newport County, Newport, 41.4901, -71.31283"],"dcterms_creator":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":["Press release issued on September 23, 1957 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in which he orders an end to mob protests against the court-ordered integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The first page of the document contains the text of Eisenhower's proclamation; the second page includes portions of the code that authorizes the president to make these orders. The Little Rock school district voted to integrate its schools in 1957. Governor Faubus, opposed to integration, sent members of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students--the \"Little Rock Nine\"--from entering Little Rock Central High School on September 4. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of: Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Collection: Papers of James C. Hagerty, Press Secretary to the President, 1953-1961,  Series: Subject Files Series, Box Number: 6, Folder Title: Integration--Little Rock, 1957 (1)."],"dcterms_subject":["Federal-state controversies--Arkansas","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","African American students--Arkansas--Little Rock","High school students--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race riots--Arkansas--Little Rock","Violence--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race relations","Little Rock (Ark.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)","Soldiers--United States","Presidents--United States","Obstruction of justice--Arkansas--Little Rock","Proclamations--Rhode Island--Newport","Intervention (Federal government)--Arkansas--Little Rock"],"dcterms_title":["Press release regarding obstruction of justice in the state of Arkansas"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Dwight D. Eisenhower Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://presidentialtimeline.org/html/record.php?id=139"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Rights Status: Unrestricted"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["press releases"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39907","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Florida Governor LeRoy Collins calling for the improvement of Negroes' economic situation as key to desegregation, Sea Island, Georgia, 1957 September 23","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, Leon County, Tallahassee, 30.43826, -84.28073","United States, Georgia, Glynn County, Sea Island, 31.18356, -81.34982","United States, Illinois, Cook County, Chicago, 41.85003, -87.65005","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from Sea Island, Georgia on September 23, 1957, Florida Governor LeRoy Collins calls for the improvement of Negroes' economic situation as a key to desegregation. The clips begin in the middle of Collins' speech and continues.","Collins: \"Then I assume it matters not from whence such a man comes, and finally I believe the South is fully capable of...\"","Then the clip zooms in on Collins and he continues:","\"In the first place, the racial problem is not by any means altogether a Southern one. It is national in scope. It stirs the good and [unintelligible] bad in people in Chicago, just as it does in Tallahassee. The whole country--north, south, east, and west--is anxiously looking for honorable and peaceful solutions. It is, of course, an economic problem as well as an ethnic one. Negroes throughout the nation are still badly in need of better homes, better health, better schools, and better employment opportunities.\"","Here the clip zooms out and Collins continues:","\"Improvement does not depend upon an immediate end to segregation throughout America. This has been proved in the South in many ways over the years. But an end to segregation anywhere will continue to be dependent largely upon bettering the living standards of Negro people. And these improvements simply cannot be brought about in an atmosphere of racial furor.\"","Supporting information was taken from the following source: Bates, William M. \"13 Dixie Governors Meeting at Sea Island.\" The Atlanta Constitution 22 September 1957. 1. Web.","Title supplied by cataloger.","Clip number: wsbn39907"],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Social history","African Americans--Economic conditions--Southern States","African Americans--Employment--Southern States","Segregation","Governors--Florida","Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Florida Governor LeRoy Collins calling for the improvement of Negroes' economic situation as key to desegregation, Sea Island, Georgia, 1957 September 23"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39907"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39907"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn39907, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Florida Governor LeRoy Collins calling for the improvement of Negroes' economic situation as key to desegregation, Sea Island, Georgia, 1957 September 23, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0844, 50:04/51:18, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 min.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Collins, LeRoy"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dde_ddetimeline_124","title":"Telegram from Mayor of Little Rock, Woodrow Mann, to President Eisenhower","collection_id":"dde_ddetimeline","collection_title":"Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century Information: Dwight D. Eisenhower","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, Rhode Island, Newport County, Newport, 41.4901, -71.31283"],"dcterms_creator":["Mann, Woodrow Wilson, 1916-2002"],"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":["Telegram sent by Little Rock, Arkansas mayor Woodrow W. Mann to President Dwight D. Eisenhower on September 23, 1957. In the three-page telegram, Mann updates Eisenhower on the situation in Little Rock, explaining that while local law enforcement had tried to control the mob at Central High School, they eventually had to remove the African American students for their own safety. Mann accuses Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus of being aware of the mob's plans. He pledges the support of local police \"if the Justice Department desires to enforce\" court-ordered integration. The Little Rock school district voted to integrate its schools in 1957. Governor Faubus, opposed to integration, sent members of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students--the \"Little Rock Nine\"--from entering Little Rock Central High School on September 4. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Collection: Dwight D. Eisenhower's Records as President (White House Central Files), Series: Official File, Box Number: 732, Folder Title: OF 142-A-5-A."],"dc_relation":["Forms part of: Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Federal-state controversies--Arkansas","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","African American students--Arkansas--Little Rock","High school students--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race riots--Arkansas--Little Rock","Violence--Arkansas--Little Rock","Governors--Arkansas","Race relations","Little Rock (Ark.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)","Soldiers--United States","Presidents--United States","Mayors--Arkansas--Little Rock","Intervention (Federal government)--Arkansas--Little Rock"],"dcterms_title":["Telegram from Mayor of Little Rock, Woodrow Mann, to President Eisenhower"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Dwight D. Eisenhower Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://presidentialtimeline.org/html/record.php?id=124"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Rights Status: Restricted - Possibly","Rights Object: Woodrow W. Mann"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["telegrams"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Mann, Woodrow Wilson, 1916-2002"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33584","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Marvin Griffin pledging to maintain segregated schools in Georgia and condemning the presence of federal troops enforcing integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from a conference held in Sea Island, Georgia, 1957 September 23","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Griffin, Marvin, 1907-1982"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, Georgia, Glynn County, Sea Island, 31.18356, -81.34982"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from September 23, 1957, Georgia governor Marvin Griffin condemns the presence of federal troops enforcing the integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas and pledges to maintain segregated schools in Georgia. Dressed in a dinner jacket, Governor Griffin stands at a podium with two men who appear to be taking notes, standing on either side of him. He declares that the use of federal troops \"to police a state\" violates states' rights and the Second Amendment to the constitution. Asserting that \"the second reconstruction of the south is now underway,\" Griffin reaffirms his pledge to maintain segregated public school systems in Georgia, proclaiming that only federal courts will ever cause the system to be changed. Griffin, Georgia governor from 1955 to 1959, is speaking here from a conference with other Southern governors at Sea Island, Georgia; news of the federal intervention in Little Rock had reached the meeting earlier in the day. Griffin was a staunch segregationist who publicly announced his intentions to disband the public school system if pressured to integrate.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn33584"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors--Georgia","African American students--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Georgia","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Sea Island","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Intervention (Federal government)--Arkansas--Little Rock","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia","Federal-state controversies--Arkansas--Little Rock","Government, Resistance to--Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Marvin Griffin pledging to maintain segregated schools in Georgia and condemning the presence of federal troops enforcing integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from a conference held in Sea Island, Georgia, 1957 September 23"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33584"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33584"],"dcterms_temporal":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn33584, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Marvin Griffin pledging to maintain segregated schools in Georgia and condemning the presence of federal troops enforcing integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas from a conference held in Sea Island, Georgia, 1957 September 23, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0748, 13:11/13:57, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 46 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Griffin, Marvin, 1907-1982"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33585","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of police holding back white rioters protesting integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 23","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_description":["In this silent WSB newsfilm clip from September 23, 1957, police in Little Rock, Arkansas, hold back crowds protesting the integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" of Central High School. At the beginning of the clip, a line of police face the milling white crowd. As the crowd surges forwards, the police take a few steps backwards before pushing back against the crowd. One officer waves a nightstick several times before the crowd begins to back up. Next, three to five police officers surround a struggling white man who falls to the ground; they carry the struggling man away, one holding each limb, while other officers keep the crowd back. Officers also chase a white man and put another white man in the back of a patrol car. One white female protester is helped into a waiting paddy wagon. Another woman led to the paddy wagon breaks free from the police holding her arms and runs to a stand of trees.","The Little Rock school board voted to integrate the school system in 1957; on September 4, 1957 Arkansas governor Orval Faubus ordered Arkansas National Guard troops to prevent nine African American students from attending Little Rock Central High School. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn33585"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Police--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race riots--Arkansas--Little Rock","Violence--Arkansas--Little Rock","Police vehicles--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Arrest--Arkansas--Little Rock","Little Rock (Ark.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of police holding back white rioters protesting integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 23"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33585"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33585"],"dcterms_temporal":["1957-09-23"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn33585, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of police holding back white rioters protesting integration by the \"Little Rock Nine\" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 September 23, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0748, 14:00/15:30, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 30 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1246","title":"German Citizen Condemns Harrassment of Black Students","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1957-09-22"],"dcterms_description":["Note from German citizen Barbara Fischer expressing sympathy for black students integrating Central High School.","Integration -- Desegregation -- African-Americans -- Blacks -- Little Rock Central High School -- Foreign Opinion -- Little Rock -- Pulaski"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["German Citizen Condemns Harrassment of Black Students"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1246"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["notes (documents)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null}],"pages":{"current_page":4902,"next_page":4903,"prev_page":4901,"total_pages":6791,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":58812,"total_count":81483,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false},"facets":[{"name":"educator_resource_mediums_sms","items":[{"value":"lesson plans","hits":319},{"value":"teaching guides","hits":53},{"value":"timelines (chronologies)","hits":43},{"value":"online exhibitions","hits":38},{"value":"bibliographies","hits":15},{"value":"study guides","hits":11},{"value":"annotated bibliographies","hits":9},{"value":"learning modules","hits":6},{"value":"worksheets","hits":6},{"value":"slide shows","hits":4},{"value":"quizzes","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"Text","hits":40421},{"value":"StillImage","hits":35236},{"value":"MovingImage","hits":4529},{"value":"Sound","hits":3226},{"value":"Collection","hits":41},{"value":"InteractiveResource","hits":25}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"creator_facet","items":[{"value":"Peppler, Jim","hits":4965},{"value":"Phay, John E.","hits":4712},{"value":"University of Mississippi. Bureau of Educational Research","hits":4707},{"value":"Baldowski, Clifford H., 1917-1999","hits":2599},{"value":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission","hits":2255},{"value":"Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","hits":2077},{"value":"WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","hits":1475},{"value":"Newman, I. DeQuincey (Isaiah DeQuincey), 1911-1985","hits":1003},{"value":"The State Media Company (Columbia, S.C.)","hits":926},{"value":"Atlanta Journal-Constitution","hits":844},{"value":"Herrera, John J.","hits":778}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_facet","items":[{"value":"African Americans--Civil rights","hits":9422},{"value":"Civil rights","hits":8328},{"value":"African Americans","hits":5912},{"value":"Mississippi--Race relations","hits":5750},{"value":"Race relations","hits":5604},{"value":"Education, Secondary","hits":5083},{"value":"Education, Elementary","hits":4729},{"value":"Segregation in education--Mississippi","hits":4727},{"value":"Education--Pictorial works","hits":4707},{"value":"Civil rights demonstrations","hits":4440},{"value":"Civil rights workers","hits":3536}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_personal_facet","items":[{"value":"Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966--Correspondence","hits":1888},{"value":"King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","hits":1812},{"value":"Meredith, James, 1933-","hits":1709},{"value":"Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998","hits":1495},{"value":"Herrera, John J.","hits":1312},{"value":"Parks, Rosa, 1913-2005","hits":1068},{"value":"Jordan, Barbara, 1936-1996","hits":858},{"value":"Young, Andrew, 1932-","hits":814},{"value":"Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966","hits":719},{"value":"Mizell, M. Hayes","hits":674},{"value":"Silver, James W. (James Wesley), 1907-1988","hits":626}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"name_authoritative_sms","items":[{"value":"Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966","hits":2598},{"value":"King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","hits":1912},{"value":"Meredith, James, 1933-","hits":1704},{"value":"Herrera, John J.","hits":1331},{"value":"Parks, Rosa, 1913-2005","hits":1068},{"value":"Jordan, Barbara, 1936-1996","hits":856},{"value":"Young, Andrew, 1932-","hits":806},{"value":"Silver, James W. (James Wesley), 1907-1988","hits":625},{"value":"Connor, Eugene, 1897-1973","hits":605},{"value":"Snelling, Paula","hits":580},{"value":"Williams, Hosea, 1926-2000","hits":440}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"event_title_sms","items":[{"value":"Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Nobel Prize","hits":1767},{"value":"Ole Miss Integration","hits":1670},{"value":"Housing Act of 1961","hits":969},{"value":"Little Rock Central High School Integration","hits":851},{"value":"Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike","hits":366},{"value":"Selma-Montgomery March","hits":337},{"value":"Freedom Summer","hits":306},{"value":"Freedom Rides","hits":214},{"value":"Poor People's Campaign","hits":180},{"value":"University of Georgia Integration","hits":173},{"value":"University of Alabama Integration","hits":140}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"location_facet","items":[{"value":"United States, 39.76, -98.5","hits":17979},{"value":"United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","hits":5436},{"value":"United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997","hits":5151},{"value":"United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018","hits":4847},{"value":"United States, South Carolina, 34.00043, -81.00009","hits":4599},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044","hits":4323},{"value":"United States, Alabama, 32.75041, -86.75026","hits":3947},{"value":"United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036","hits":2907},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, 34.76993, -92.3118","hits":2580},{"value":"United States, Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, 35.14953, -90.04898","hits":2580},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","hits":2532}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"us_states_facet","items":[{"value":"Georgia","hits":12822},{"value":"Alabama","hits":11312},{"value":"Mississippi","hits":10214},{"value":"South Carolina","hits":8493},{"value":"Arkansas","hits":4719},{"value":"Texas","hits":4399},{"value":"Tennessee","hits":3778},{"value":"Florida","hits":2602},{"value":"Ohio","hits":2403},{"value":"North Carolina","hits":1875},{"value":"New York","hits":1839}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"year_facet","items":[{"value":"1966","hits":10613},{"value":"1963","hits":10270},{"value":"1965","hits":10196},{"value":"1956","hits":9826},{"value":"1955","hits":9604},{"value":"1964","hits":9339},{"value":"1968","hits":9329},{"value":"1962","hits":9233},{"value":"1967","hits":8884},{"value":"1957","hits":8503},{"value":"1961","hits":8265},{"value":"1958","hits":8243},{"value":"1959","hits":8043},{"value":"1960","hits":7932},{"value":"1969","hits":7333},{"value":"1954","hits":7226},{"value":"1950","hits":7106},{"value":"1953","hits":6958},{"value":"1970","hits":6827},{"value":"1971","hits":6417},{"value":"1977","hits":6362},{"value":"1972","hits":6247},{"value":"1952","hits":6150},{"value":"1951","hits":6035},{"value":"1975","hits":5889},{"value":"1976","hits":5858},{"value":"1974","hits":5844},{"value":"1973","hits":5682},{"value":"1979","hits":5411},{"value":"1978","hits":5400},{"value":"1980","hits":5362},{"value":"1995","hits":4883},{"value":"1981","hits":4807},{"value":"1994","hits":4702},{"value":"1948","hits":4588},{"value":"1949","hits":4564},{"value":"1996","hits":4540},{"value":"1982","hits":4413},{"value":"1985","hits":4309},{"value":"1947","hits":4308},{"value":"1998","hits":4279},{"value":"1983","hits":4257},{"value":"1997","hits":4256},{"value":"1984","hits":4148},{"value":"1999","hits":4072},{"value":"1946","hits":4036},{"value":"1945","hits":4010},{"value":"1986","hits":4002},{"value":"1990","hits":3984},{"value":"2000","hits":3893},{"value":"1943","hits":3892},{"value":"1944","hits":3888},{"value":"2001","hits":3875},{"value":"1942","hits":3860},{"value":"1940","hits":3757},{"value":"1941","hits":3749},{"value":"1987","hits":3740},{"value":"2002","hits":3623},{"value":"1991","hits":3550},{"value":"1936","hits":3502},{"value":"1939","hits":3496},{"value":"1992","hits":3496},{"value":"2003","hits":3488},{"value":"1993","hits":3476},{"value":"1938","hits":3461},{"value":"1937","hits":3445},{"value":"1989","hits":3437},{"value":"1930","hits":3374},{"value":"1988","hits":3351},{"value":"1935","hits":3302},{"value":"1933","hits":3267},{"value":"1934","hits":3267},{"value":"1932","hits":3251},{"value":"1931","hits":3236},{"value":"2005","hits":3142},{"value":"2004","hits":2994},{"value":"2006","hits":2859},{"value":"1929","hits":2785},{"value":"1928","hits":2268},{"value":"1921","hits":2122},{"value":"1925","hits":2036},{"value":"1927","hits":2022},{"value":"2016","hits":2010},{"value":"1924","hits":2007},{"value":"1926","hits":2006},{"value":"1920","hits":1974},{"value":"1923","hits":1953},{"value":"1922","hits":1927},{"value":"2007","hits":1714},{"value":"2008","hits":1663},{"value":"2011","hits":1660},{"value":"2009","hits":1623},{"value":"2019","hits":1623},{"value":"2015","hits":1612},{"value":"2013","hits":1603},{"value":"2010","hits":1600},{"value":"2014","hits":1566},{"value":"2012","hits":1552},{"value":"1919","hits":1531},{"value":"1918","hits":1529}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null},"min":"0193","max":"2035","count":505777,"missing":54},{"name":"medium_facet","items":[{"value":"photographs","hits":10709},{"value":"correspondence","hits":9628},{"value":"black-and-white photographs","hits":7623},{"value":"negatives (photographs)","hits":7513},{"value":"documents (object genre)","hits":4462},{"value":"letters (correspondence)","hits":3623},{"value":"oral histories (literary works)","hits":3607},{"value":"black-and-white negatives","hits":2771},{"value":"editorial cartoons","hits":2620},{"value":"newspapers","hits":1952},{"value":"manuscripts (documents)","hits":1692}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"rights_facet","items":[{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/","hits":41186},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/","hits":17721},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","hits":8830},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/","hits":7089},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","hits":2186},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/","hits":1778},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-CR/1.0/","hits":1115},{"value":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","hits":145},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/","hits":59},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0/","hits":51},{"value":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","hits":27}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"collection_titles_sms","items":[{"value":"Jim Peppler Southern Courier Photograph Collection","hits":4956},{"value":"John E. Phay Collection ","hits":4706},{"value":"John J. Herrera Papers","hits":3288},{"value":"Baldy Editorial Cartoons, 1946-1982, 1997: Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoons at the Richard B. Russell Library.","hits":2607},{"value":"Sovereignty Commission Online","hits":2335},{"value":"Strom Thurmond Collection, Mss 100","hits":2068},{"value":"Alabama Media Group Collection","hits":2067},{"value":"Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","hits":2033},{"value":"Rosa Parks Papers","hits":1948},{"value":"Isaiah DeQuincey Newman, (1911-1985), Papers, 1929-2003","hits":1904},{"value":"Lillian Eugenia Smith Papers (circa 1920-1980)","hits":1887}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"provenance_facet","items":[{"value":"John Davis Williams Library. Department of Archives and Special Collections","hits":8885},{"value":"Alabama. Department of Archives and History","hits":8153},{"value":"South Caroliniana Library","hits":4251},{"value":"Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library","hits":4102},{"value":"University of North Texas. Libraries","hits":3854},{"value":"University of South Carolina. Libraries","hits":3438},{"value":"Hargrett Library","hits":3292},{"value":"Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies","hits":2874},{"value":"Mississippi. Department of Archives and History","hits":2825},{"value":"Butler Center for Arkansas Studies","hits":2785},{"value":"Rhodes College","hits":2264}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"class_name","items":[{"value":"Item","hits":81031},{"value":"Collection","hits":452}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"educator_resource_b","items":[{"value":"false","hits":81286},{"value":"true","hits":197}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null}}]}}