{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"bcas_p15728coll1_13274","title":"General Edwin Walker in front of Central High School","collection_id":"bcas_p15728coll1","collection_title":"Butler Center for Arkansas Studies Photographs Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044","United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, 34.76993, -92.3118","United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, Central High School, 34.73683, -92.29895"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["General Edwin Walker in front of Central High School.","Recto: General Edwin Walker in front of Central High.","This project was supported in part by a Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives project grant from The Andrew W. 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(Edwin Anderson), 1909-1993"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"bcas_p15728coll1_13336","title":"General Edwin Walker inspects 101st Airborne soldiers in front of Central High School","collection_id":"bcas_p15728coll1","collection_title":"Butler Center for Arkansas Studies Photographs Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044","United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, 34.76993, -92.3118","United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, Central High School, 34.73683, -92.29895"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["General Edwin Walker inspects 101st Airborne soldiers in front of Central High School","Recto: General Edwin Walker inspects 101st Airborne soldiers in front of Central High School","This project was supported in part by a Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives project grant from The Andrew W. 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(Edwin Anderson), 1909-1993"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dde_ddetimeline_137","title":"Letter from President Eisenhower to General Gruenther","collection_id":"dde_ddetimeline","collection_title":"Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century Information: Dwight D. Eisenhower","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, Rhode Island, Newport County, Newport, 41.4901, -71.31283"],"dcterms_creator":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["Letter from President Dwight D. Eisenhower to Alfred Gruenther. Grunther had been a four-star general in the United States Army; following his retirement in 1956, he served as president of the American Red Cross from 1957 to 1964. In the letter, Eisenhower encourages Gruenther to ignore criticism and to continue his work. In the postscript, Eisenhower discusses the merits of returning to Washington D.C. from his retreat in Newport, Rhode Island, responding to a suggestion by Gruenther. In 1957, the Little Rock school district voted to integrate its schools. Governor Faubus, opposed to integration, sent members of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students--the \"Little Rock Nine\"--from entering Little Rock Central High School on September 4. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of: Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Collection: Dwight D. 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(Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["Notes from a telephone conversation between President Dwight D. Eisenhower and attorney general Herbert Brownell, Jr on September 24, 1957. The president and the attorney general discussed the school integration crisis at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The conversation outlined the situation in Little Rock and reviewed possible responses by the federal government. The Little Rock school district voted to integrate its schools in 1957. Governor Faubus, opposed to integration, sent members of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students--the \"Little Rock Nine\"--from entering Little Rock Central High School on September 4. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of: Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Collection: Dwight D. Eisenhower's Papers as President (Ann Whitman File), Series: DDE Diary Series, Box Number: 27"],"dcterms_subject":["Federal-state controversies--Arkansas","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","African American students--Arkansas--Little Rock","High school students--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race riots--Arkansas--Little Rock","Violence--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race relations","Little Rock (Ark.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)","Soldiers--United States","Presidents--United States","Attorneys general--United States","Mobs--Arkansas--Little Rock"],"dcterms_title":["Memorandum of telephone call"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Dwight D. 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Eisenhower","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, District of Columbia, Washington, 38.89511, -77.03637"],"dcterms_creator":["United States. National Park Service"],"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["Black-and-white photograph of President Dwight D. Eisenhower taken September 24, 1957 during his address to the country following the issue of Executive Order 10730 authorizing the Department of Defense to send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas. In 1957, the Little Rock school district voted to integrate its schools. Governor Faubus, opposed to integration, sent members of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students--the \"Little Rock Nine\"--from entering Little Rock Central High School on September 4. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of: Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Collection: Records of the National Park Service, Series: White House Albums."],"dcterms_subject":["Federal-state controversies--Arkansas","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","African American students--Arkansas--Little Rock","High school students--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race riots--Arkansas--Little Rock","Violence--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race relations","Little Rock (Ark.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)","Soldiers--United States","Presidents--United States","Mobs--Arkansas--Little Rock","Obstruction of justice--Arkansas--Little Rock","Executive orders--United States","Intervention (Federal government)--Arkansas--Little Rock"],"dcterms_title":["Photograph of President Eisenhower addressing the nation concerning the school integration crisis in Little Rock"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Dwight D. 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National Park Service"],"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["Black-and-white photograph of President Dwight D. Eisenhower taken September 24, 1957 during his address to the country following the issue of Executive Order 10730 authorizing the Department of Defense to send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas. In 1957, the Little Rock school district voted to integrate its schools. Governor Faubus, opposed to integration, sent members of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students--the \"Little Rock Nine\"--from entering Little Rock Central High School on September 4. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of: Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Collection: Records of the National Park Service, Series: White House Albums."],"dcterms_subject":["Federal-state controversies--Arkansas","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","African American students--Arkansas--Little Rock","High school students--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race riots--Arkansas--Little Rock","Violence--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race relations","Little Rock (Ark.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)","Soldiers--United States","Presidents--United States","Mobs--Arkansas--Little Rock","Obstruction of justice--Arkansas--Little Rock","Executive orders--United States","Intervention (Federal government)--Arkansas--Little Rock"],"dcterms_title":["Photograph of President Eisenhower addressing the nation concerning the school integration crisis in Little Rock"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Dwight D. 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National Park Service"],"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["Black-and-white photograph of President Dwight D. Eisenhower taken September 24, 1957 during his address to the country following the issue of Executive Order 10730 authorizing the Department of Defense to send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas. In 1957, the Little Rock school district voted to integrate its schools. Governor Faubus, opposed to integration, sent members of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students--the \"Little Rock Nine\"--from entering Little Rock Central High School on September 4. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of: Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Collection: Records of the National Park Service, Series: White House Albums."],"dcterms_subject":["Federal-state controversies--Arkansas","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","African American students--Arkansas--Little Rock","High school students--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race riots--Arkansas--Little Rock","Violence--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race relations","Little Rock (Ark.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)","Soldiers--United States","Presidents--United States","Mobs--Arkansas--Little Rock","Obstruction of justice--Arkansas--Little Rock","Executive orders--United States","Intervention (Federal government)--Arkansas--Little Rock"],"dcterms_title":["Photograph of President Eisenhower addressing the nation concerning the school integration crisis in Little Rock"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Dwight D. 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Eisenhower","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","United States, Rhode Island, Newport County, Newport, 41.4901, -71.31283"],"dcterms_creator":["Naval Photographic Center (U.S.)"],"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["Black-and-white photograph from September 24, 1957 as President Dwight D. Eisenhower walks with press secretary James Hagerty and Captain Evan P. Aurand. The men are leaving the presidential retreat in Newport, Rhode Island to return to Washington, D.C. In 1957, the Little Rock school district voted to integrate its schools. Governor Faubus, opposed to integration, sent members of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students--the \"Little Rock Nine\"--from entering Little Rock Central High School on September 4. Federal courts ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and permit the nine students to enter the school on September 23, 1957. However, because of the rioting that continued outside, the students were removed from the school after three hours. President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered troops from the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock to restore order and to protect the students. After a single year of integration, Governor Faubus closed the Little Rock public high schools to avoid further integration. The United States Supreme Court declared Faubus' action illegal and the public schools reopened August 1959.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of: Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Collection: General Records of the Department of the Navy, Series: Photographs of Official Activities of President Dwight D. Eisenhower."],"dcterms_subject":["Federal-state controversies--Arkansas","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","African American students--Arkansas--Little Rock","High school students--Arkansas--Little Rock","Segregation in education--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race riots--Arkansas--Little Rock","Violence--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race relations","Little Rock (Ark.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)","Soldiers--United States","Presidents--United States","Mobs--Arkansas--Little Rock","Obstruction of justice--Arkansas--Little Rock","Executive orders--United States"],"dcterms_title":["Photograph of President Eisenhower, White House Press Secretary James Hagerty, and Captain Evan P. Aurand leaving Newport to return to Washington, D.C."],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Dwight D. Eisenhower Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://presidentialtimeline.org/html/record.php?id=156"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Rights Status: Unrestricted"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Hagerty, James C. (James Campbell), 1909-1981","Aurand, Evan P."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1563","title":"Presidential Order Authorizing Use of Federal Troops","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1957-09-24"],"dcterms_description":["FBI transcript of President Eisenhower's order federalizing the Arkansas National Guard troops and calling for their use to enforce Little Rock Central High School integration plans.","Integration -- Desegregation -- African-Americans -- Blacks -- Little Rock Central High School -- Little Rock (Ark.) -- Federalization of Arkansas National Guard -- Little Rock -- Pulaski"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Presidential Order Authorizing Use of Federal Troops"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. 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