{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"aru_unequal_1271","title":"Herbert L. Thomas Explains Arkansas Plan to Daisy Bates","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1958-04-28"],"dcterms_description":["Herbert L. Thomas writes long letter to Mrs. L.C. (Daisy) Bates highlighting points of contention between over The Arkansas Plan","Racism -- Desegregation -- Integration -- Little Rock Central High School -- African-Americans -- Blacks -- Little Rock (Ark.) -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","Mrs. L. C. Bates -4- April 28, 1958 attorneys for the Board of Education, the NAACP, and the segre- gationists could get together and formulate principles under which we might proceed toward an agreement. This suggestion likewise failed to receive discussion. I have no reason to believe that I misinterpreted your state- ment to the effect that when I admitted a Negro student to the University School of Law 10 years ago I did so only because the Federal courts were looking over my shoulders. That accusation on your part was not true. I have no question in my mind about the accuracy of my recol- lection concerning your reference to the Unites States Government, the Army and the Federal Courts as being your friends, and that under those circumstances you need not compromise. I watched you intently as you spoke, and your sentence made an indelible impression. There is but one word in repetition of your statement that I can find any reason whatsoever to question and that is the word “only” in   reference to them as your “only friends”. After I had spoken subsequently to a group of Negro leaders – a meeting which you did not attend- the questions from the white moderates became more pressing: “What reaction have you had from the Negroes? Will they go along in a cooperative effort? Have you talked to the NAACP? What is Mrs. Bates going to do?”…etc., etc. Frankly, I had carried the appeal as far as I could. We knew where the die-hard segregationists stood, for they had made their position known. Here and there the white moderates had publicly endorsed the plan, while many other in letters and conversations had told me where they stood. I reckoned their strength as sufficient for action, provided the Negroes would indicate a desire to see an amicable solution with justice and hope – and respect – for the members of the Negro race. After my meeting with you and the open meeting with Negro leaders, which you did not attend, I lost my last firm hope that this matter can be settled around the conference table, as civilized men and women should solve their differences in community and civic affairs. I had put months of work and thought into this effort. It had gone far beyond being a personal affair with me; it was a matter of great concern to many people – people who wanted very much to see an end to this bitter- ness. When I reached the end of the way – when there was no other source of help among the Negroes toward which I could turn- there was nothing left for me to do but to admit that the Negro race in Arkansas, with you as its leader, had turned its back upon this gesture of friendship. You had not made a public statement, after our conversation and I had no choice but to quote your remarks to me, in order that the public might know your attitude toward the matter. The matter of good race relations is on of mutual responsibility. Will there be any response from you – any indication that you will accept"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Herbert L. Thomas Explains Arkansas Plan to Daisy Bates"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1271"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1272","title":"Herbert L. Thomas Explains Arkansas Plan to Daisy Bates","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1958-04-28"],"dcterms_description":["Herbert L. Thomas writes long letter to Mrs. L.C. (Daisy) Bates highlighting points of contention between over The Arkansas Plan","Racism -- Desegregation -- Integration -- Little Rock Central High School -- African-Americans -- Blacks -- Little Rock (Ark.) -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","Mrs. L. C. Bates -5- April 28, 1958 The responsibilities of citizenship as well as the privileges which you claim? If not, I fear it will be a long, long time – in view of my experiences – before another substantial effort is made to bring about an amicable settlement of this matter on the basis of mutual advantage and good will. I have been proud of the achievements of the Negro race. I have been pleased during these past 10 years by the evidence of friendship between the races. I had hoped, along with countless thousands of other members of the white race, that we could build our permanent relationships upon a basis of understanding and mutual confidence. But right now, you are making it impossible for your white friends to be of help to you. And whether you believe it or not, without the friendship and trust of members of the white race you can never enjoy the “acceptance” on merit which you profess to covet. This letter is prompted by your statement to the press that I have misquoted you. I do not believe I have misquoted your words or misinterpreted your attitude. But I repeat the statement I made in the first paragraph of this letter. I should be happy to correct any misstatement of fact or misinterpretation of position if you will be kind enough to provide me with a statement making clear your comments and your position. In fact, since you have accused me of misquoting you in a matter of tremendous importance to both races (after all this is not a matter that concerns just you and me and a few of our friends) I feel that it is your duty to make your position clear by a public statement, just as I have made my position clear. I have said that a fundamental basis of any acceptable plan should recognize progress in accordance with the law. I should like to know from you if the NAACP in Arkansas accepts the principle of gradualism? If you accept different approaches and timing based upon local conditions? I should like to know if you accept a Negro racial responsibility of substantial improvement of education and moral standards before moving into integration in certain areas? These are the matters of the greatest importance in the minds of members of the white race and questions you need to answer to secure in good faith a promise from the white race of a plan of progress. If there is to be peace and good will, the next move is up to you and to other members of the Negro race. Sincerely, Herbert L. Thomas, Sr. HLT:pm"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Herbert L. Thomas Explains Arkansas Plan to Daisy Bates"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1272"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1269","title":"Herbert L. Thomas Explains Arkansas Plan to Daisy Bates","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1958-04-28"],"dcterms_description":["Herbert L. Thomas writes long letter to Mrs. L.C. (Daisy) Bates highlighting points of contention between over The Arkansas Plan","Racism -- Desegregation -- Integration -- Little Rock Central High School -- African-Americans -- Blacks -- Little Rock (Ark.) -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","Mrs. L.C. Bates -2- April 28, 1958 I do not mean to imply that statement that I did not hold Private conversations with individuals before presenting my proposal to the public. I hold many conversations with men and women of stature of both races. I wanted to test each part of my proposal in the un- biased and independent judgment of these people, and I also wanted some measure of evidence that large segments of both races could and would unite in its support, or at the least adopt it as a starting point for further discussions. I have felt from the beginning that it is essential for the viewpoints of all segments of the population to be known. The view- point of the extreme segregationists is well known, for they have placed themselves on public record time after time. I think it is essential that we know the attitude of the moderates among the white race. There is now no organized leadership among the white moderates which could go on public record, but I have received many, many letters and telephone calls from individual moderates. I am firmly convinced that I know now how they stand, and I am confident that capable leadership could be formed quickly should circumstances indicate even a remote hope that success could be achieved. I think that it is essential for the viewpoints of the Arkansas branch of the NAACP to be publicly known. I think we should know whether or not the NAACP leadership is willing to seat down with members if the white race and discuss a matter of great importance to both races, and I think such a knowledge should come through a straight-forward statement, pro or con, from the NAACP leadership it- self. I also think that we should know whether or not the Arkansas NAACP leadership is free to act on its own, to enter into discussions freely, to express its own opinions publicly, and to make its own commitments. There are rumors that it is not free so to act. I hope that rumor is not true. I also feel that it is important for us to know how various Negro individuals personally feel, and whether or not they are free to express their own viewpoints and act according to their own judgment, regardless of whether they follow the official views and actions of the NAACP. Again, I might add, there are rumors that few Negroes dare face the pressures which are brought against them if they do run counter to the stand taken by the NAACP. I also hope that rumor is not true. Only by knowing each other’s viewpoints, aspirations, hopes, and even prejudices, can we hope to cut through this tangle of mis- understandings to a better time that is filled with justice and oppor- tunity for both races. There has been no public statement of sub- stance from the Negro leadership. There was a statement of rejection from you, immediately after I made the first announcement concerning my proposal, but it was hardly a statement of understanding, and most certainly it was not a statement of constructive nature. Time after time following the first announcement of my pro- posal, moderates among the white race said to me in effect: “Have you talked to the Negroes? It’s not the white race that will block the matter; the Negroes won’t go along.”"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Herbert L. Thomas Explains Arkansas Plan to Daisy Bates"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1269"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1268","title":"Herbert L. Thomas Explains Arkansas Plan to Daisy Bates","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1958-04-28"],"dcterms_description":["Herbert L. Thomas writes long letter to Mrs. L.C. (Daisy) Bates highlighting points of contention between over The Arkansas Plan","Racism -- Desegregation -- Integration -- Little Rock Central High School -- African-Americans -- Blacks -- Little Rock (Ark.) -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","April 28, 1958 Mrs. L.C. Bates 806 West Ninth Street Little Rock, Arkansas Dear Mrs. Bates: The Little Rock newspapers have credited you with the statement that I misquoted you in reference to our conversation concerning my efforts to bring about a peaceful and end to the strained relationships between the Negro and white races in Arkansas. I assure you that if I did misquote you such action was not intentional on my part. Furhtermore, I should be very happy to correct any possible misstatement of fact or misinterpretation of your position, if you will be kind enough to provide me with a statement making clear your comments and your position. I had hoped that it would be possible for us to get moving toward a constructive, cooperative consideration of this problem without the need for anyone to quote anyone else, or for anyone to comment publicly concerning the position of any other person. I feel that it is much better, in matters of community interest, for persons concerned to make their views a matter of public record. Two reasons prompted me to seek public forums for a discussion of the plan which I offered: One reason was my understanding that Negroes feel that too many subjects pertaining to their welfare have been handled in past years behind closed doors. In this section, I had nothing to hide. I had no selfish motives. To me a closed-door maneuvering would have been unthinkable, even had it been possible. My second reason that I wanted the leadership pf both races to stand together with courage and with good will and say in effect to the world: “This has become a difficult problem of human relations, but it can be solved, and by working together in a spirit of mutual trust and confidence we will solve it with consequent advantages to both races.” Had we taken such a stand together, then there would have been no reason for anyone to quote anyone else. Our hopes and our attitudes would have been known to all."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Herbert L. Thomas Explains Arkansas Plan to Daisy Bates"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1268"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1270","title":"Herbert L. Thomas Explains Arkansas Plan to Daisy Bates","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1958-04-28"],"dcterms_description":["Herbert L. Thomas writes long letter to Mrs. L.C. (Daisy) Bates highlighting points of contention between over The Arkansas Plan","Racism -- Desegregation -- Integration -- Little Rock Central High School -- African-Americans -- Blacks -- Little Rock (Ark.) -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","Mrs. L.C. Bates -3- April 28, 1958 I didn’t believe it. I had talked to numerous Negro leaders. A few I had known personally and held in high regard. Others I had never met before; but I had heard of them as people of character and understanding. Not one with whom I talked failed to endorse my pro- posal in principle. Of course, there were some differences of opinion, both as to content of the proposal and as to the suggested procedure, but those points of difference were not so great but that we could have sat down together and talked the whole matter through to a solution. The solution probably would have differed in a number of respects from The exact form of my plan, but it would have been a workable solution Behind which we could have all joined. But when I went back to those same Negro leaders for further discussion and advice, their whole demeanor had changed. They were aloof. They would express no opinion. Some were as men afraid. Then I began to wonder. Were the rumors correct? It is true that individual Negroes are not free to express their own opinions? Is the principle of democracy which the Negro race is claiming for its people, and for which it has professedly longed for so many generations, smothered with- in the affairs of the race? I went to that meeting with you, and the few other represent- atives of both races, with considerable eagerness. I wanted to get from you some promise, some hint, that we would be able to work together toward a solution of the problem. A surprisingly great amount of my life has been spent at the conference table, both in business and in public affairs. I long ago learned to listen- to every work, to every phrase, to every viewpoint. I could not afford to misunderstand or to misinterpret what was said. And throughout my conference with you I listened intently, but not one syllable of encouragement came from you, even though I had hoped to hear such encouragement. I gained a very definite impression from you in that meeting, and since that time nothing has been said or done to cause me to doubt the corrections of my impression. I gainedthe impression that it is your firm intention to ride the Federal courts and the strength of the Federal government for every advantage which you now think you will be able to gain from them, regardless of the bitterness, the heartbreaks, the tragic sufferings which may well follow both races in the wake of such tactics. I believe it is an indisputable fact that at that small meet- ing which you and I attended not one suggestion which would have called for any compromise on the part of the Negro race received discussion. One suggestion was advanced to the effect that the Negro pupils now in Central High School be permitted to remain until graduation, but that others would not be enrolled. That suggestion was vetoes without dis- cussion. I passed along a suggestion – not an original one with me but one which had been suggested to me by a Negro leader – that possibly"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Herbert L. 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Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. 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For further information please contact South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["correspondence","outlines (documents)","reports","programs (documents)","notes (documents)"],"dcterms_extent":["1 folder"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"scdl_sthurmond_1829","title":"Statement by Senator Strom Thurmond (D-SC) on proposed amendments to S. 2888, on Senate floor, 1958 April 25","collection_id":"scdl_sthurmond","collection_title":"Strom Thurmond Collection, Mss 100","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, 34.00043, -81.00009"],"dcterms_creator":["Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003"],"dc_date":["1958-04-25"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Clemson, S.C. : Clemson University Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Legislative amendments","United States. 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