{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"tuc_csid_csid009","title":"Clipping, Newspaper","collection_id":"tuc_csid","collection_title":"Chattanooga Sit-ins and desegregation","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Tennessee, Hamilton County, Chattanooga, 35.04563, -85.30968"],"dcterms_creator":["Chattanooga News-Free Press"],"dc_date":["1960-02-05/1960-02-26"],"dcterms_description":["Series of Chattanooga News-Free Press clippings about the Chattanooga Sit-ins and desegregation actions in February 1960. a) \"Revises Petition On Court Stand\" Details a revised Congressional petition by Charles Ballinger, and supported by J. P. McCallie, charging the Supreme Court with over-reach in its 1955 school desegregation ruling. February 5, 1960. b1,2) \"Negroes 'Sit Down' Here; No Incident, No Service\" Details the actions of 30 Howard School students sitting at the lunch counters of F. W. Woolworth and McLellan Stores. Additional information about other lunch counter sit ins in the South. February 20, 1960. c1,2) \"About 200 Negroes In Sitdowns at Four Stores\" Details the actions of 200 students sitting at the lunch counters of F. W. Woolworth, McLellan Stores, W. T. Grant Co., and S. H. Kress \u0026 Co. February 23, 1960. d1,2) \"200 Negro Students Sit Down At 4 Stores\" Details the actions of 200 students sitting at the lunch counters of F. W. Woolworth, McLellan Stores, W. T. Grant Co., and S. H. Kress \u0026 Co. February 23, 1960. e) \"The Sitdown\" Two photographs, one showing a mostly unoccupied lunch counter for \"Negroes,\" the other shows the white lunch counter with African American students sitting at it. There is a sign on that counter saying it is closed. February 23, 1960. f1,2) \"Negroes Seek Admission To city White Schools Now\" Details the request by James R. Mapp, Josephine Maxey, Rev. H. H. Kirnon to move their children to Glenwood School and to immediately and totally integrate Chattanooga schools. February 23, 1960. g1,2) \"Mixing Lawsuit Expected Here\" Details the Chattanooga School Board's response to the request for \"total integration\" of city schools, headed by James Mapp, president of the Chattanooga chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). February 23, 1960. h) \"Chamber's Education Committee Keeps Hands-Off On Integration\" Details the Chamber of Commerce's decision to defer studying school integration until the School Board resolves the issue. February 23, 1960. i1,2) \"Mixed School Demand Seen\" Details the James Mapps' \"request\" for school integration will formally be changed to a \"demand\" with an answer within 10 days. February 24, 1960. j1,2) \"Board to Receive Written Demand\" Details James Mapp change from a verbal request to a written demand to the school board to integrate the public schools. February 24, 1960. k1,2) \"All Police Called To Duty, Patrols Being Stepped Up\" Details Police Chief Ed Brown's emergency order to call in off-duty patrolmen and 40 auxiliary officers in response to the \"brawling\" that happened that afternoon due to lunch counter sit-ins. February 24, 1960. L1,2) \"Near Race Riot of 500 Teen-Agers Leaves 12 Arrested, Several Injured, 1 in Hospital\" Details results of \"near race riot\" after white students confronted African American students who were engaged in a lunch counter sit-in at Kress, Woolworths, W, T, Grant, and McLellan's. The 11 white students arrested are named, along with the single black student. There are numerous photographs in this article. February 24, 1960. m1,2) \"Racial Fight Breaks Out In Market Street Store; Negro, 11 Whites Arrested\" Gives detailed account of the \"race riot\" at Kress store caused by 150 white students resisting the 50 black students involved in a lunch counter sit-in and its aftermath. February 24, 1960. n1,2) \"School Head Acts To Stop Riots\" Details school superintendent John Letson's request that all students stay away from the downtown area during the afternoon and the developments following the \"race riot\" with regards to charges against the white students and black student. February 24, 1960. o1,2) \"White Boy Fined, Negro Is Bound\" Details court actions taken on students arrested during the \"racial fight.\" February 25, 1960. p) \"Mayor Calls On Citizens To Limit Trips Downtown\" Details Mayor Olgiati's request that citizens limit their activities downtown, parents have their children come straight home after school, and that everyone respect police requests for disperse. February 25, 1960. q1,2) \"Expulsions Await Those Joining Mobs\" Details school superintendent John Letson's policy aimed at limiting student involvement in either demonstrations or counter-demonstrations downtown. Also mentioned are the responses of private and parochial schools. February 25, 1960. r1,2) \"Police Crackdown, Stiff Penalties Brought To Bear On Mobs To Cool Heat Of Downtown Racial Rioting\" Details police actions related to demonstration and crowds including the arrest of 14 whites and 13 blacks, providing names of those arrested. February 25, 1960. s) \"Scenes of Racial Rioting As Mobs Shifted Over Downtown Area\" Five photographs with captions of the police response to the crowds surrounding the second demonstration. February 25, 1960. t1,2) \"Restraint Noted City Officials, Policemen, Public Generally Keep Down Mob Temper\" Provides detailed description of second demonstration and resulting tension. Includes five photographs with captions. February 25, 1960. u) \"'God Help Us,' A Woman Cries At Spectacle on Alien Streets\" A literary description of the protest and crowd response of the second demonstration. February 35, 1960. v) \"Firemen Switch To Police Duty\" Details city decision to assign 25 firemen to police duty \"for as long as needed\" and to increase shifts to 12 hours. February 25, 1960. w) \"Second Time For City To Use Hose On Crowd\" Notes the last time firemen has to use water against a crowd was in 1917 during a strike. February 25, 1960. x) Two photographs with captions. One shows firemen hosing down the crowd. The other shows police chasing after a rock thrower. February 25, 1960. y1,2) \"Fire Hoses Curb Milling Crowd, Negroes Turned Off Market, Cool Heads Prevent Big Blowup\" Gives detailed account of police and fire actions related to demonstration and gathered crowds, including names of people arrested. February 25, 1960. z) \"Pastor Asks End To Hostile Acts\" Details statement from Rev. Samuel Wiley, president of the Chattanooga Pastor's Association, appealing to all citizens for an immediate end to all hostile acts and to come together for the sake of the community. February 26, 1960. aa) Photograph used in newspaper article 2016.004.004.e. A white woman wearing a uniform is behind a lunch counter, working. The lunch counter is empty except for two African American young men who are sitting at the counter. Another African American young man is walking towards the counter."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Chattanooga News-Free Press Collection"],"dcterms_subject":["Race relations","Chattanooga (Tenn.)--Race relations","African Americans--Tennessee--Chattanooga","African Americans--Social conditions","Civil rights demonstrations--Tennessee--Chattanooga","Civil rights workers--Tennessee--Chattanooga","Discrimination in public accommodations--Tennessee--Chattanooga"],"dcterms_title":["Clipping, Newspaper"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Tennessee at Chattanooga"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://chattanooga.pastperfectonline.com/archive/4CDE5151-C2C1-438A-888C-512417512147"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["clippings (information artifacts)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41433","title":"ROGERS TESTIFIES THAT BLACKS MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE U.S.'S DEMOCRACY","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-02-05"],"dcterms_description":["Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Discrimination","Elections","Segregation"],"dcterms_title":["ROGERS TESTIFIES THAT BLACKS MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE U.S.'S DEMOCRACY"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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