{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"mus_sovcom_2-55-2-72-1-1-1","title":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Harold Andrews following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24","collection_id":"mus_sovcom","collection_title":"Sovereignty Commission Online","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson, 32.29876, -90.18481"],"dcterms_creator":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission"],"dc_date":["1961-05-24"],"dcterms_description":["Freedom Rider mug shot","Individual(s) identified in the photograph include Andrews, Harold","Classified by the Sovereignty Commission as Integration Organizations","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["from Hinds County, Sovereignty Commission records, Mississippi Department of Archives and History"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of Series 2515 : Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records Online, 1994-2006"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Freedom Rides, 1961","Segregation in transportation--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights movements--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Passive resistance--Mississippi--Jackson","Arrest--Mississippi--Jackson","Identification photographs--Mississippi--Jackson","African American civil rights workers--Mississippi--Jackson","African Americans--Civil rights--Mississippi--Jackson","African American social reformers--Mississippi--Jackson","African American men--Mississippi--Jackson"],"dcterms_title":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Harold Andrews following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Mississippi. Department of Archives and History"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://da.mdah.ms.gov/sovcom/photo.php?display=item\u0026oid=75"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["The Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records are state government records made available to the public pursuant to American Civil Liberties Union v. Fordice, 969 F.Supp. 403 (S.D.Miss.1994). The web-enabled version of the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records is intended for public use in research, teaching, and private study in accordance with the provisions of the Fair Use clause of the United States Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). MDAH makes no warranty or assurances that materials contained in this collection are free from U.S. copyright claims or other restrictions on free use and display. It is the user's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions when publishing or distributing materials found in this collection. MDAH requests that prior to publication of Sov. Com. images the user submit an MDAH Broadcast/Publication Permission form for approval by the Department. This form must be accompanied by documentation which proves that copyright requirements have been satisfied. Contact MDAH Reference Staff for details on how to obtain and complete the B/PP form: (601) 576 6876 or refdesk@mdah.ms.gov. There are no MDAH Use Fees associated with use of Sov. Com. images. MDAH asks that each image used in a presentation, display, or publication be accompanied by a credit line, which at a minimum includes the name of this collection, the unique resource identifier for each image, the name of this institution, and URL. ; Cite images according to the following structure: Original Creator, \"Title\", Original creation date (if known), Unique Resource Identifier, Series Number and Title, Archival Repository, date of last web page revision, image location/URL, (image viewed on date)."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","identification photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Andrews, Harold"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"mus_sovcom_2-55-2-70-1-1-1","title":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of James L. 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It is the user's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions when publishing or distributing materials found in this collection. MDAH requests that prior to publication of Sov. Com. images the user submit an MDAH Broadcast/Publication Permission form for approval by the Department. This form must be accompanied by documentation which proves that copyright requirements have been satisfied. Contact MDAH Reference Staff for details on how to obtain and complete the B/PP form: (601) 576 6876 or refdesk@mdah.ms.gov. There are no MDAH Use Fees associated with use of Sov. Com. images. MDAH asks that each image used in a presentation, display, or publication be accompanied by a credit line, which at a minimum includes the name of this collection, the unique resource identifier for each image, the name of this institution, and URL. ; Cite images according to the following structure: Original Creator, \"Title\", Original creation date (if known), Unique Resource Identifier, Series Number and Title, Archival Repository, date of last web page revision, image location/URL, (image viewed on date)."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","identification photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Bevel, James L. (James Luther), 1936-2008"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"mus_sovcom_2-55-2-76-1-1-1","title":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Jean C. 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It is the user's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions when publishing or distributing materials found in this collection. MDAH requests that prior to publication of Sov. Com. images the user submit an MDAH Broadcast/Publication Permission form for approval by the Department. This form must be accompanied by documentation which proves that copyright requirements have been satisfied. Contact MDAH Reference Staff for details on how to obtain and complete the B/PP form: (601) 576 6876 or refdesk@mdah.ms.gov. There are no MDAH Use Fees associated with use of Sov. Com. images. MDAH asks that each image used in a presentation, display, or publication be accompanied by a credit line, which at a minimum includes the name of this collection, the unique resource identifier for each image, the name of this institution, and URL. ; Cite images according to the following structure: Original Creator, \"Title\", Original creation date (if known), Unique Resource Identifier, Series Number and Title, Archival Repository, date of last web page revision, image location/URL, (image viewed on date)."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","identification photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Thompson, Jean C. 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MDAH requests that prior to publication of Sov. Com. images the user submit an MDAH Broadcast/Publication Permission form for approval by the Department. This form must be accompanied by documentation which proves that copyright requirements have been satisfied. Contact MDAH Reference Staff for details on how to obtain and complete the B/PP form: (601) 576 6876 or refdesk@mdah.ms.gov. There are no MDAH Use Fees associated with use of Sov. Com. images. MDAH asks that each image used in a presentation, display, or publication be accompanied by a credit line, which at a minimum includes the name of this collection, the unique resource identifier for each image, the name of this institution, and URL. ; Cite images according to the following structure: Original Creator, \"Title\", Original creation date (if known), Unique Resource Identifier, Series Number and Title, Archival Repository, date of last web page revision, image location/URL, (image viewed on date)."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","identification photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Carter, Joseph"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"mus_sovcom_2-55-2-77-1-1-1","title":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Julia Aaron following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24","collection_id":"mus_sovcom","collection_title":"Sovereignty Commission Online","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson, 32.29876, -90.18481"],"dcterms_creator":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission"],"dc_date":["1961-05-24"],"dcterms_description":["Freedom Rider mug shot","Individual(s) identified in the photograph include Aaron, Julia","Classified by the Sovereignty Commission as Integration Organizations","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["from Hinds County, Sovereignty Commission records, Mississippi Department of Archives and History"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of Series 2515 : Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records Online, 1994-2006"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Freedom Rides, 1961","Segregation in transportation--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights movements--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Passive resistance--Mississippi--Jackson","Arrest--Mississippi--Jackson","Identification photographs--Mississippi--Jackson","African American civil rights workers--Mississippi--Jackson","African Americans--Civil rights--Mississippi--Jackson","African American social reformers--Mississippi--Jackson","African American women--Mississippi--Jackson","Humbles, Julia Aaron--Photographs"],"dcterms_title":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Julia Aaron following her arrest for her participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Mississippi. 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MDAH requests that prior to publication of Sov. Com. images the user submit an MDAH Broadcast/Publication Permission form for approval by the Department. This form must be accompanied by documentation which proves that copyright requirements have been satisfied. Contact MDAH Reference Staff for details on how to obtain and complete the B/PP form: (601) 576 6876 or refdesk@mdah.ms.gov. There are no MDAH Use Fees associated with use of Sov. Com. images. MDAH asks that each image used in a presentation, display, or publication be accompanied by a credit line, which at a minimum includes the name of this collection, the unique resource identifier for each image, the name of this institution, and URL. ; Cite images according to the following structure: Original Creator, \"Title\", Original creation date (if known), Unique Resource Identifier, Series Number and Title, Archival Repository, date of last web page revision, image location/URL, (image viewed on date)."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","identification photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Humbles, Julia Aaron"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"mus_sovcom_2-55-2-74-1-1-1","title":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Matthew Walker, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24","collection_id":"mus_sovcom","collection_title":"Sovereignty Commission Online","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson, 32.29876, -90.18481"],"dcterms_creator":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission"],"dc_date":["1961-05-24"],"dcterms_description":["Freedom Rider mug shot","Individual(s) identified in the photograph include Walker, Matthew, Jr.","Classified by the Sovereignty Commission as Integration Organizations","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["from Hinds County, Sovereignty Commission records, Mississippi Department of Archives and History"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of Series 2515 : Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records Online, 1994-2006"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Freedom Rides, 1961","Segregation in transportation--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights movements--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Passive resistance--Mississippi--Jackson","Arrest--Mississippi--Jackson","Identification photographs--Mississippi--Jackson","African American civil rights workers--Mississippi--Jackson","African Americans--Civil rights--Mississippi--Jackson","African American social reformers--Mississippi--Jackson","African American men--Mississippi--Jackson","Walker, Matthew--Photographs"],"dcterms_title":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Matthew Walker, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Mississippi. 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MDAH requests that prior to publication of Sov. Com. images the user submit an MDAH Broadcast/Publication Permission form for approval by the Department. This form must be accompanied by documentation which proves that copyright requirements have been satisfied. Contact MDAH Reference Staff for details on how to obtain and complete the B/PP form: (601) 576 6876 or refdesk@mdah.ms.gov. There are no MDAH Use Fees associated with use of Sov. Com. images. MDAH asks that each image used in a presentation, display, or publication be accompanied by a credit line, which at a minimum includes the name of this collection, the unique resource identifier for each image, the name of this institution, and URL. ; Cite images according to the following structure: Original Creator, \"Title\", Original creation date (if known), Unique Resource Identifier, Series Number and Title, Archival Repository, date of last web page revision, image location/URL, (image viewed on date)."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","identification photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Walker, Matthew"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"mus_sovcom_2-55-2-79-1-1-1","title":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Paul D. 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MDAH makes no warranty or assurances that materials contained in this collection are free from U.S. copyright claims or other restrictions on free use and display. It is the user's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions when publishing or distributing materials found in this collection. MDAH requests that prior to publication of Sov. Com. images the user submit an MDAH Broadcast/Publication Permission form for approval by the Department. This form must be accompanied by documentation which proves that copyright requirements have been satisfied. Contact MDAH Reference Staff for details on how to obtain and complete the B/PP form: (601) 576 6876 or refdesk@mdah.ms.gov. There are no MDAH Use Fees associated with use of Sov. Com. images. MDAH asks that each image used in a presentation, display, or publication be accompanied by a credit line, which at a minimum includes the name of this collection, the unique resource identifier for each image, the name of this institution, and URL. ; Cite images according to the following structure: Original Creator, \"Title\", Original creation date (if known), Unique Resource Identifier, Series Number and Title, Archival Repository, date of last web page revision, image location/URL, (image viewed on date)."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","identification photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Dietrich, Paul D., 1931-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"mus_sovcom_2-55-2-78-1-1-1","title":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Reverend James M. Lawson following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24","collection_id":"mus_sovcom","collection_title":"Sovereignty Commission Online","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson, 32.29876, -90.18481"],"dcterms_creator":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission"],"dc_date":["1961-05-24"],"dcterms_description":["Freedom Rider mug shot","Individual(s) identified in the photograph include Lawson, James Norris, Jr.","Classified by the Sovereignty Commission as Integration Organizations","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["from Hinds County, Sovereignty Commission records, Mississippi Department of Archives and History"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of Series 2515 : Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records Online, 1994-2006"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Freedom Rides, 1961","Segregation in transportation--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights movements--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Passive resistance--Mississippi--Jackson","Arrest--Mississippi--Jackson","Identification photographs--Mississippi--Jackson","African American civil rights workers--Mississippi--Jackson","African American leaders--Mississippi--Jackson","African American clergy--Mississippi--Jackson","African Americans--Civil rights--Mississippi--Jackson","African American social reformers--Mississippi--Jackson","African American men--Mississippi--Jackson","Lawson, James M., 1928- --Photographs"],"dcterms_title":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Reverend James M. Lawson following his arrest for his participation in the Freedom Rides, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Mississippi. Department of Archives and History"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://da.mdah.ms.gov/sovcom/photo.php?display=item\u0026oid=81"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["The Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records are state government records made available to the public pursuant to American Civil Liberties Union v. Fordice, 969 F.Supp. 403 (S.D.Miss.1994). The web-enabled version of the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records is intended for public use in research, teaching, and private study in accordance with the provisions of the Fair Use clause of the United States Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). MDAH makes no warranty or assurances that materials contained in this collection are free from U.S. copyright claims or other restrictions on free use and display. It is the user's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions when publishing or distributing materials found in this collection. MDAH requests that prior to publication of Sov. Com. images the user submit an MDAH Broadcast/Publication Permission form for approval by the Department. This form must be accompanied by documentation which proves that copyright requirements have been satisfied. Contact MDAH Reference Staff for details on how to obtain and complete the B/PP form: (601) 576 6876 or refdesk@mdah.ms.gov. There are no MDAH Use Fees associated with use of Sov. Com. images. MDAH asks that each image used in a presentation, display, or publication be accompanied by a credit line, which at a minimum includes the name of this collection, the unique resource identifier for each image, the name of this institution, and URL. ; Cite images according to the following structure: Original Creator, \"Title\", Original creation date (if known), Unique Resource Identifier, Series Number and Title, Archival Repository, date of last web page revision, image location/URL, (image viewed on date)."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","identification photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Lawson, James M., 1928-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33552","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Alabama National Guardsmen protecting an interracial group of Freedom Riders as they arrive at the Greyhound bus terminal in Montgomery, Alabama, 1961 May 24","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-05-24"],"dcterms_description":["In this silent WSB newsfilm clip from May 24, 1961, members of the Alabama National Guard protect an interracial group of Freedom Riders as they arrive in Montgomery, Alabama, and leave the Greyhound bus terminal.","The clip begins with soldiers holding guns as they get out of the back of a truck; the soldiers then walk toward a line of buses. Two police officers on motorcycles escort a Greyhound bus into the parking lot. The sign on the bus indicates it is continuing on to New Orleans, Louisiana. Across the street a crowd watches the bus's arrival as soldiers and state troopers line the sidewalk in front of the bus terminal. Other observers are seen in upstairs windows of the building across the street.","Next, reverend A. D. King, brother of Martin Luther King, Jr., gets into the front seat of a waiting car. Another African American man, Clyde Carter, a student at Johnson C. Smith University in Charlotte, North Carolina, gets into the backseat. Two white professors from Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut are also in the car; John Maguire sits in the front seat and David Swift sits in the backseat. Troops stand between crowds on the sidewalk and the cars as they drive away from the bus station. The clip ends as a caravan of cars leaves the bus station.","On May 23, 1961, a group of professors from Yale and Wesleyan Universities met up with Charles Jones and Clyde Carter, students from Johnson C. Smith University in North Carolina. The students and the professors met in Atlanta, Georgia, and decided to join the ongoing Freedom Rides; riders had been beaten after arriving in Montgomery, Alabama on May 21, 1961. The students and professors held a press conference in Atlanta on May 24 before their 12:30 pm departure to Montgomery. Although the bus was scheduled to make stops along the way, the bus driver and bus company avoided the possibility of further violence following the May 14 attack on two buses in Anniston, Alabama and instead drove directly to Montgomery. The bus and the seven Freedom Riders were met in Montgomery by several hundred Alabama National Guardsmen who held back a crowd of white observers. Reverends Ralph Abernathy and Fred Shuttlesworth drove the men from the bus station to private homes for the evening. The next day, May 25, the seven freedom riders, joined by Abernathy, Shuttlesworth, Wyatt Walker, and Bernard Lee sought service at the \"white-only\" lunch counter at the Montgomery bus station and were arrested for disorderly conduct, preventing them from traveling to Jackson, Mississippi as they had planned.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn33552"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Freedom Rides, 1961","Segregation in transportation--Alabama--Montgomery","Race relations","African American college students--Alabama--Montgomery","African Americans--Civil rights--Alabama--Montgomery","African Americans--Politics and government","African American civil rights workers--Alabama--Montgomery","Civil rights workers--Alabama--Montgomery","College teachers--Alabama--Montgomery","College chaplains--Alabama--Montgomery","Men, White--Alabama--Montgomery","Buses--Alabama--Montgomery","Automobiles--Alabama--Montgomery","Police--Alabama--Montgomery","Motorcycles--Alabama--Montgomery","Clergy--Alabama--Montgomery","African American clergy--Alabama--Montgomery","Civil rights demonstrations--Alabama--Montgomery","Montgomery (Ala.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Alabama National Guardsmen protecting an interracial group of Freedom Riders as they arrive at the Greyhound bus terminal in Montgomery, Alabama, 1961 May 24"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33552"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33552"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-05-24"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn33552, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Alabama National Guardsmen protecting an interracial group of Freedom Riders as they arrive at the Greyhound bus terminal in Montgomery, Alabama, 1961 May 24, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0747, 35:36/36:42, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 6 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Carter, Clyde L. (Clyde Larocque)","Maguire, John David","Swift, David Everett, 1914-","King, A. D., 1930-1969"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38283","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an interracial group of Freedom Riders holding a press conference before leaving Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 May 24","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-05-24"],"dcterms_description":["In this silent WSB newsfilm clip from May 24, 1961, an interracial group of Freedom Riders including Reverends Gaylord Noyce and William S. Coffin, Jr., professors John Maguire and David Swift, and African American students George B. Smith, Charles Jones, and Clyde Carter speak to reporters in Atlanta, Georgia before traveling by bus to Montgomery, Alabama. The clip begins with several people leaving a building; the image is obscured, and the individuals cannot be identified.","Next an interracial group of men walk into a building and sit down in a room with folding chairs and a piano. The men sit around a table and appear to hold a press conference; their comments are not recorded. The men at the table are, from left to right, Dr. John Maguire, professor at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut; Clyde Carter, student at Johnson C. Smith University in Charlotte, North Carolina; Dr. David Swift, professor at Wesleyan; William Coffin, chaplain at Yale University; George Smith, Yale University law student; Charles Jones, also a student at Johnson C. Smith University; and Gaylord Noyce, professor at Yale Divinity school. While the camera focuses on different men in the group, a photographer takes pictures, and reporters take notes. One of the microphones in front of the men is identified by a sign as from the WAOK station, an African American station in the Atlanta area. After the press conference, the men walk outside and stand with several other men while a reporter appears to interview them again; the clip is again dark, and it is hard to identify everyone. The camera focuses on a cross outside a building, possibly a church. The men from the press conference are seen briefly before a Greyhound bus as it backs out of a parking spot. Finally the camera focuses on a building with many windows before showing two men in front of a car, apparently trying to fix something.","On May 23, 1961, a group of professors from Yale and Wesleyan Universities met up with Charles Jones and Clyde Carter, students from Johnson C. Smith University in North Carolina. The students and the professors decided to join the ongoing Freedom Rides; riders had been beaten after arriving in Montgomery, Alabama on May 21, 1961. The students and professors held a press conference on May 24 before their 12:30 pm departure from Atlanta to Montgomery. Although the bus was scheduled to make stops along the way, the bus driver and bus company apparently decided to avoid the possibility of further violence following the May 14 attack on two buses in Anniston, Alabama and instead drove directly to Montgomery. The bus and the seven Freedom Riders were met in Montgomery by several hundred Alabama National Guardsmen who held back a crowd of white observers. Reverends Ralph Abernathy and Fred Shuttlesworth drove the men from the bus station to private homes for the evening. The next day, May 25, the seven freedom riders, joined by Abernathy, Shuttlesworth, Wyatt Walker, and Bernard Lee sought service at the \"white-only\" lunch counter at the Montgomery bus station and were arrested for disorderly conduct, preventing them from traveling to Jackson, Mississippi as they had planned.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn38283"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American college students--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Politics and government","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Folding chairs--Georgia--Atlanta","College teachers--Georgia--Atlanta","College chaplains--Georgia--Atlanta","Photographers--Georgia--Atlanta","Men, White--Georgia--Atlanta","Piano--Georgia--Atlanta","Buses--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation in transportation--Georgia--Atlanta","Freedom Rides, 1961"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an interracial group of Freedom Riders holding a press conference before leaving Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 May 24"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38283"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38283"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-05-24"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn38283, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an interracial group of Freedom Riders holding a press conference before leaving Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 May 24, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0052, 53:23/58:58, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 5 mins., 35 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Jones, Charles, 1937-2019","Carter, Clyde L. (Clyde Larocque)","Swift, David Everett, 1914-","Maguire, John David","Smith, George Bundy, 1937-","Coffin, William Sloane, Jr., 1924-2006","Noyce, Gaylord B."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33088","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a Trailways bus driving through downtown and then parking at a bus station and police arresting two African American female Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson, 32.29876, -90.18481"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-05-24"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from May 24, 1961, police observe a Trailways bus as it parks at the Jackson, Mississippi, station and then arrest two African American female Freedom Riders.","The clip begins with a Trailways bus driving through a downtown area of Jackson, Mississippi. Several uniformed police officers stand on the sidewalk and watch as the bus pulls into the station. Later, more policemen are seen; one of the policemen holds the leash of the dog next to him. Policemen escort two African American women, Julia Aaron and Jean Thompson, from the bus station to a waiting paddy wagon. The women carry suitcases, and a photographer takes pictures of the two as they approach the vehicle.","In 1961 the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) organized a \"Freedom Ride\" beginning in Washington, D.C. on May 4 with the plan to arrive in New Orleans, Louisiana on May 17. In New Orleans, the riders planned to join a celebration of the seventh anniversary of the Brown v. Board of Education United States Supreme Court case ruling against segregated public education. During the journey, the Freedom Riders planned to test compliance with another Supreme Court ruling, Boynton v. Virginia. The Boynton case banned segregation in transportation facilities serving passengers traveling across state lines. The 1961 Freedom Ride was patterned after a 1947 \"Journey of Reconciliation\" during which CORE activists traveled through the upper South testing compliance with the Boynton decision. During the 1961 Freedom Ride, civil rights workers traveled in two groups, one by Greyhound and one by Trailways buses. On Mother's Day, May 14, the group traveling by Greyhound was attacked in Anniston, Alabama. A mob slashed the bus tires and firebombed the bus. Later in the day, a white mob met the Trailways riders in Birmingham and beat both the riders and several bystanders. By arrangement with local law enforcement, the mob had fifteen minutes to attack the Freedom Riders before the police would come to return order. Following the attacks, officials at the United States Department of Justice, including Attorney General Robert Kennedy, stepped in and tried to work with Alabama officials to guarantee protection for the Freedom Riders. When negotiations failed, the riders flew to New Orleans on May 16. Diane Nash and members of the Nashville Christian Leadership (NCLC) recognized the importance of continuing the Freedom Ride and arranged for subsequent groups of riders to continue the journey. A reorganized Freedom Ride traveled from Birmingham to Montgomery, Alabama on May 20, 1961. Montgomery law enforcement again agreed to not interfere as a white mob beat the riders. The following evening, local African Americans gathered at First Baptist Church in Montgomery for a mass meeting in support of the Freedom Riders. During the meeting, a mob surrounded the church and prevented the participants from leaving. The next morning, the Alabama National Guard and United States Marshals dispersed the crowd and escorted the meeting participants home. Over the next few days, civil rights leaders, Freedom Riders, Justice Department officials, and Alabama and Mississippi officials negotiated a plan for the riders to safely travel from Montgomery, Alabama to Jackson, Mississippi. On May 24, two groups of riders boarded one Greyhound and one Trailways bus bound for Mississippi. Unbeknownst to the riders, they would be arrested in Mississippi as they exited the buses. After the arrests in Mississippi, most of the riders, following the \"jail, no bail\" policy began earlier the year as part of on-going sit-in demonstrations, refused bail in Mississippi and were sent to Parchman Penitentiary. Subsequent groups of riders throughout the rest of the summer also traveled to Mississippi and were arrested and sent to Parchman. The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) finally passed policies against racial segregation in transportation that went into effect in November 1961.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn33088"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Buses--Mississippi--Jackson","Central business districts--Mississippi--Jackson","Bus terminals--Mississippi--Jackson","Police--Mississippi--Jackson","African American women--Mississippi--Jackson","African American civil rights workers--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights workers--Mississippi--Jackson","Trailways","Police dogs--Mississippi--Jackson","Arrest--Mississippi--Jackson","Police vehicles--Mississippi--Jackson","Luggage--Mississippi--Jackson","Photographers--Mississippi--Jackson","Freedom Rides, 1961","Segregation in transportation--Mississippi--Jackson","Direct action--Mississippi--Jackson","Jackson (Miss.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a Trailways bus driving through downtown and then parking at a bus station and police arresting two African American female Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33088"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn33088"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-05-24"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn33088, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a Trailways bus driving through downtown and then parking at a bus station and police arresting two African American female Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 May 24, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0736, 45:11/45:45, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 34 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Humbles, Julia Aaron","Thompson, Jean C. (Jean Catherine), 1942-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"int_jjhp_249697","title":"[Letter from John J. Herrera to Bill Elliott - 1961-05-23]","collection_id":"int_jjhp","collection_title":"John J. Herrera Papers","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Texas, Harris County, Houston, 29.76328, -95.36327"],"dcterms_creator":["Herrera, John J."],"dc_date":["1961-05-23"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["image/png"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["People--Ethnic Groups--Hispanics","Government and Law","Judges--Texas","Character references","Recommendations","Recommendation letters","Lawyers--Texas","Courthouses--Texas--Harris County"],"dcterms_title":["[Letter from John J. Herrera to Bill Elliott - 1961-05-23]","[Letter from John J. Herrera to Bill Elliott - May 23, 1961]"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Texas. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth249697/"],"dcterms_temporal":["1939/2019"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["letters (correspondence)"],"dcterms_extent":["2 p. ; 28 cm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Elliott, Bill","Thompson, Dave F., Jr."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null}],"pages":{"current_page":4355,"next_page":4356,"prev_page":4354,"total_pages":6797,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":52248,"total_count":81557,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false},"facets":[{"name":"educator_resource_mediums_sms","items":[{"value":"lesson plans","hits":319},{"value":"teaching guides","hits":53},{"value":"timelines (chronologies)","hits":43},{"value":"online exhibitions","hits":38},{"value":"bibliographies","hits":15},{"value":"study guides","hits":11},{"value":"annotated bibliographies","hits":9},{"value":"learning modules","hits":6},{"value":"worksheets","hits":6},{"value":"slide shows","hits":4},{"value":"quizzes","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"Text","hits":40428},{"value":"StillImage","hits":35298},{"value":"MovingImage","hits":4529},{"value":"Sound","hits":3226},{"value":"Collection","hits":41},{"value":"InteractiveResource","hits":25}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"creator_facet","items":[{"value":"Peppler, Jim","hits":4965},{"value":"Phay, John E.","hits":4712},{"value":"University of Mississippi. 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