{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"suc_idn_3887","title":"Letter from R.A. Dempsey to I.D. Newman, August 22, 1961","collection_id":"suc_idn","collection_title":"Isaiah DeQuincey Newman, (1911-1985), Papers, 1929-2003","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, 34.00043, -81.00009"],"dcterms_creator":["Dempsey, R. A."],"dc_date":["1961-08-22"],"dcterms_description":["1 page"],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. South Carolina Political Collections"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Isaiah DeQuincey Newman Papers, General, 1960-1961.","Isaiah DeQuincey Newman Papers"],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--South Carolina","Civil rights movements--South Carolina","Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Letter from R.A. Dempsey to I.D. Newman, August 22, 1961"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of South Carolina. South Carolina Political Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digital.tcl.sc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/idn/id/3887"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Copyright Not Evaluated. For further information please contact the University of South Carolina, South Carolina Political Collections, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["correspondence","letters (correspondence)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"usm_hmp_mus-m337-0003","title":"Memo, FBI report on  Freedom Ride, 1961; August 21, 1961","collection_id":"usm_hmp","collection_title":"Historical Manuscripts and Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036"],"dcterms_creator":["United States. 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Obtaining permissions to publish or otherwise use is the sole responsibility of the user."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"tws_oid32_32766","title":"Memphis World, 1961 August 19th","collection_id":"tws_oid32","collection_title":"Memphis World","dcterms_contributor":["Beauchamp, J. A."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, 35.14953, -90.04898"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1961-08-19"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":["MW_v30n10_1961-08-19"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Memphis World Collection"],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights","Race","African Americans"],"dcterms_title":["Memphis World, 1961 August 19th"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Rhodes College"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://hdl.handle.net/10267/32766"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["newspapers"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dlg_bald_am-2083","title":"--They always come out of the woodwork when things get quiet! / Baldy, [1961 Aug. 19]","collection_id":"dlg_bald","collection_title":"Baldy Editorial Cartoons, 1946-1982, 1997: Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoons at the Richard B. Russell Library.","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Baldowski, Clifford H., 1917-1999"],"dc_date":["1961-08-19"],"dcterms_description":["The Clifford Baldowski cartoon depicts two men with rat-like features crawling out of a dilapidated building. They are carrying signs, one of that says \"A few professional hate peddlers.\" A man's hand shines a giant flashlight on their faces. A school with a sign that says \"school opening\" stands in the background."],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["[Atlanta, Ga. : Atlanta Constitution, 1961 Aug. 19]"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["United States--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["--They always come out of the woodwork when things get quiet! / Baldy, [1961 Aug. 19]","They always come out when things get quiet"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-2083#item"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-2083"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["The Baldowski cartoons created for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are licensed to the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Stuudies, University of Georgia Libraries by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.","Contact repository re: reproduction and usage."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [Title of the cartoon], [Date of cartoon], editorial cartoon by Clifford H. Baldowski, Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, presented in the Digital Library of Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":["The Baldowski cartoons created for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are licensed to the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.","Contact repository re: reproduction and usage."],"dcterms_medium":["editorial cartoons"],"dcterms_extent":["1 item ; 32 x 40 cm. paper pen and ink."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_abaker_1889","title":"Letter, 1961, Joel Cogen to Augusta Baker","collection_id":"suc_abaker","collection_title":"Augusta Baker papers, 1911-1998","dcterms_contributor":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Connecticut, New Haven County, New Haven, 41.30815, -72.92816","United States, New York, New York County, New York, 40.7142691, -74.0059729"],"dcterms_creator":["Cogen, Joel"],"dc_date":["1961-08-18"],"dcterms_description":["Letter from Joel Cogen to Augusta Baker, requesting her help locating bibliographies \"on good picture books for a child 15 mo[nths] - 2 years\"?"],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, Ga. : University of South Carolina. South Caroliniana Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Augusta Baker Papers, 1911-1998"],"dcterms_subject":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998--Correspondence","African American women librarians","Children's librarians","African American librarians","Women librarians","Cogen, Joel--Correspondence"],"dcterms_title":["Letter, 1961, Joel Cogen to Augusta Baker"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["South Caroliniana Library","University of South Carolina. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://cdm17173.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/abaker/id/1889"],"dcterms_temporal":["1955/1969"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: Augusta Baker Papers, 1911-1998, Box 1, Folder 61. Accession 11770"],"dlg_local_right":["Copyright Not Evaluated. For further information please contact The University of South Carolina, South Caroliniana Library, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["correspondence"],"dcterms_extent":["1 item||2 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998","Cogen, Joel"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_abaker_2265","title":"Letter, 1961, Ruth H. Wagner to Augusta Baker","collection_id":"suc_abaker","collection_title":"Augusta Baker papers, 1911-1998","dcterms_contributor":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, New York, New York County, New York, 40.7142691, -74.0059729"],"dcterms_creator":["Wagner, Ruth H."],"dc_date":["1961-08-14"],"dcterms_description":["Letter from Ruth H. Wagner to Augusta Baker, congratulating her on the promotion to Coordinator of Children's Services at the New York Public Library."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, Ga. : University of South Carolina. South Caroliniana Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Augusta Baker Papers, 1911-1998"],"dcterms_subject":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998--Correspondence","African American women librarians","Children's librarians","African American librarians","Women librarians","Wagner, Ruth H.--Correspondence"],"dcterms_title":["Letter, 1961, Ruth H. Wagner to Augusta Baker"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["South Caroliniana Library","University of South Carolina. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://cdm17173.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/abaker/id/2265"],"dcterms_temporal":["1955/1969"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: Augusta Baker Papers, 1911-1998, Box 1, Folder 61. Accession 11770"],"dlg_local_right":["Copyright Not Evaluated. For further information please contact The University of South Carolina, South Caroliniana Library, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["correspondence"],"dcterms_extent":["1 item"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998","Wagner, Ruth H."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_abaker_2262","title":"Letter, 1961, William R. Simms to Augusta Baker","collection_id":"suc_abaker","collection_title":"Augusta Baker papers, 1911-1998","dcterms_contributor":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, New York, New York County, New York, 40.7142691, -74.0059729"],"dcterms_creator":["Simms, William R."],"dc_date":["1961-08-14"],"dcterms_description":["Letter fro William R. Simms to Augusta Baker, congratulating her on the promotion to Coordinator of Children's Services at the New York Public Library."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, Ga. : University of South Carolina. South Caroliniana Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Augusta Baker Papers, 1911-1998"],"dcterms_subject":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998--Correspondence","African American women librarians","Children's librarians","African American librarians","Women librarians","Simms, William R.--Correspondence"],"dcterms_title":["Letter, 1961, William R. Simms to Augusta Baker"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["South Caroliniana Library","University of South Carolina. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://cdm17173.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/abaker/id/2262"],"dcterms_temporal":["1955/1969"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: Augusta Baker Papers, 1911-1998, Box 1, Folder 61. Accession 11770"],"dlg_local_right":["Copyright Not Evaluated. For further information please contact The University of South Carolina, South Caroliniana Library, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["correspondence"],"dcterms_extent":["1 item"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998","Simms, William R."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"int_jjhp_248999","title":"[Letter from Albert Thomas to John J. Herrera - 1961-08-14]","collection_id":"int_jjhp","collection_title":"John J. Herrera Papers","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, District of Columbia, Washington, 38.89511, -77.03637"],"dcterms_creator":["Thomas, Albert, 1898-1966"],"dc_date":["1961-08-14"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["image/png"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["People--Ethnic Groups--Hispanics","Government and Law","Trips","Legislators--United States"],"dcterms_title":["[Letter from Albert Thomas to John J. Herrera - 1961-08-14]","[Letter from Albert Thomas to John J. Herrera - August 14, 1961]"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Texas. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth248999/"],"dcterms_temporal":["1939/2019"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["letters (correspondence)"],"dcterms_extent":["2 p. ; 23 cm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Thomas, Albert","Herrera, John J."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43176","title":"Mayor Explains Plans for TV and Radio Coverage of First School","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Hartsfield, William Berry"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-08-14"],"dcterms_description":["Mayor Explains Plans for TV and Radio Coverage of First School","Desegregation","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn43176"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation","Television","Radio","Press","Mayors","Education","Schools"],"dcterms_title":["Mayor Explains Plans for TV and Radio Coverage of First School"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43176"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43176"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-08-14"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn43176, Mayor Explains Plans for TV and Radio Coverage of First School, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0969, 15:07/16:01, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 54 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (about 1 mins., 18 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"mus_sovcom_2-55-6-118-1-1-1","title":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Pauline Kathleen Sims following her arrest for her participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 August 14","collection_id":"mus_sovcom","collection_title":"Sovereignty Commission Online","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson, 32.29876, -90.18481"],"dcterms_creator":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission"],"dc_date":["1961-08-14"],"dcterms_description":["Freedom Rider mug shot","Individual(s) identified in the photograph include Sims, Pauline Kathleen","Classified by the Sovereignty Commission as Integration Organizations","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["from Hinds County, Sovereignty Commission records, Mississippi Department of Archives and History"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of Series 2515 : Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records Online, 1994-2006"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Freedom Rides, 1961","Segregation in transportation--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights movements--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Passive resistance--Mississippi--Jackson","Arrest--Mississippi--Jackson","Identification photographs--Mississippi--Jackson","Women civil rights workers--Mississippi--Jackson","Women social reformers--Mississippi--Jackson","Women, White--Mississippi--Jackson","Bus terminals--Mississippi--Jackson","Trailways Bus Station (Jackson, Miss.)"],"dcterms_title":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Pauline Kathleen Sims following her arrest for her participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 August 14"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Mississippi. Department of Archives and History"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://da.mdah.ms.gov/sovcom/photo.php?display=item\u0026oid=865"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["The Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records are state government records made available to the public pursuant to American Civil Liberties Union v. Fordice, 969 F.Supp. 403 (S.D.Miss.1994). The web-enabled version of the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records is intended for public use in research, teaching, and private study in accordance with the provisions of the Fair Use clause of the United States Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). MDAH makes no warranty or assurances that materials contained in this collection are free from U.S. copyright claims or other restrictions on free use and display. It is the user's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions when publishing or distributing materials found in this collection. MDAH requests that prior to publication of Sov. Com. images the user submit an MDAH Broadcast/Publication Permission form for approval by the Department. This form must be accompanied by documentation which proves that copyright requirements have been satisfied. Contact MDAH Reference Staff for details on how to obtain and complete the B/PP form: (601) 576 6876 or refdesk@mdah.ms.gov. There are no MDAH Use Fees associated with use of Sov. Com. images. MDAH asks that each image used in a presentation, display, or publication be accompanied by a credit line, which at a minimum includes the name of this collection, the unique resource identifier for each image, the name of this institution, and URL.","Cite images according to the following structure: Original Creator, \"Title\", Original creation date (if known), Unique Resource Identifier, Series Number and Title, Archival Repository, date of last web page revision, image location/URL, (image viewed on date)."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","identification photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Sims, Pauline K., 1939-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"mus_sovcom_2-55-6-117-1-1-1","title":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Raymond George, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 August 14","collection_id":"mus_sovcom","collection_title":"Sovereignty Commission Online","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson, 32.29876, -90.18481"],"dcterms_creator":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission"],"dc_date":["1961-08-14"],"dcterms_description":["Freedom Rider mug shot","Individual(s) identified in the photograph include Raymond, George, Jr.","Classified by the Sovereignty Commission as Integration Organizations","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["from Hinds County, Sovereignty Commission records, Mississippi Department of Archives and History"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of Series 2515 : Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records Online, 1994-2006"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Freedom Rides, 1961","Segregation in transportation--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights movements--Mississippi--Jackson","Civil rights demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Demonstrations--Mississippi--Jackson","Passive resistance--Mississippi--Jackson","Arrest--Mississippi--Jackson","Identification photographs--Mississippi--Jackson","African Americans--Civil rights--Mississippi--Jackson","African American civil rights workers--Mississippi--Jackson","African American social reformers--Mississippi--Jackson","African American men--Mississippi--Jackson","Bus terminals--Mississippi--Jackson","Trailways Bus Station (Jackson, Miss.)"],"dcterms_title":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission photograph of Raymond George, Jr. following his arrest for his participation in a Freedom Ride, Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 August 14"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Mississippi. Department of Archives and History"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://da.mdah.ms.gov/sovcom/photo.php?display=item\u0026oid=864"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["The Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records are state government records made available to the public pursuant to American Civil Liberties Union v. Fordice, 969 F.Supp. 403 (S.D.Miss.1994). The web-enabled version of the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records is intended for public use in research, teaching, and private study in accordance with the provisions of the Fair Use clause of the United States Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). MDAH makes no warranty or assurances that materials contained in this collection are free from U.S. copyright claims or other restrictions on free use and display. It is the user's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions when publishing or distributing materials found in this collection. MDAH requests that prior to publication of Sov. Com. images the user submit an MDAH Broadcast/Publication Permission form for approval by the Department. This form must be accompanied by documentation which proves that copyright requirements have been satisfied. Contact MDAH Reference Staff for details on how to obtain and complete the B/PP form: (601) 576 6876 or refdesk@mdah.ms.gov. There are no MDAH Use Fees associated with use of Sov. Com. images. MDAH asks that each image used in a presentation, display, or publication be accompanied by a credit line, which at a minimum includes the name of this collection, the unique resource identifier for each image, the name of this institution, and URL.","Cite images according to the following structure: Original Creator, \"Title\", Original creation date (if known), Unique Resource Identifier, Series Number and Title, Archival Repository, date of last web page revision, image location/URL, (image viewed on date)."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","identification photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Raymond, George, 1943-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn35091","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of civil rights workers arrested during the Freedom Ride going to court to appeal their arrests in Jackson, Mississippi, 1961 August 14","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson, 32.29876, -90.18481"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-08-14"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from August 14, 1961, civil rights workers return to Jackson, Mississippi to appeal their conviction for participation in the Freedom Rides.","The clip begins with a Greyhound bus driving down the street and parking along the side of the road. The bus's windows are down and people are seen through the windows. An African American woman and two white women get off the bus; later a white man gets off the bus. The interracial group of men and women walk up a flight of stairs. Cameramen and policemen observe the group as it walks up the stairs. The clip ends with spectators watching the group enter the building.","In 1961 the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) organized a test of interstate transportation dubbed the Freedom Ride. The ride, patterned after the 1947 Journey of Reconciliation, began in Washington D.C. on May 4, 1961 after three days of nonviolence training. The trip met little resistance through Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia. However, on May 14, the two groups of riders were attacked in Anniston and Birmingham, Alabama. Although the riders eventually flew to New Orleans on May 15, student civil rights workers from Nashville, Tennessee organized replacement riders to continue the journey. After several days of delay, on May 20, 1961, the reorganized Freedom Riders traveled from Birmingham to Montgomery. In Montgomery, the riders were again attacked by a white mob that beat the riders and several bystanders, including John Seigenthaler, personal assistant to attorney general Robert F. Kennedy. Following several more days of negotiations attempting to guarantee the riders' safety, the group traveled from Montgomery to Jackson, Mississippi on May 25. Mississippi officials promptly arrested Freedom Riders who arrived that day as well as every subsequent group of riders that came to Jackson. Many riders, following the \"jail, no bail\" policy of civil rights workers, would stay in jail the thirty-nine days required for appeals before being bailed out. Eventually over one hundred fifty people were arrested and convicted on charges of breach of the peace. Those convicted returned to Jackson on August 14 to appeal their convictions. In September 1961 the Interstate Commerce Commission issued a ruling banning segregation on interstate buses, trains, and stations that serviced interstate travelers. 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