{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"csu_afro_1381","title":"Parker, E.T.: 1964","collection_id":"csu_afro","collection_title":"Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","dcterms_contributor":["Cole, Joseph E."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, 41.4995, -81.69541"],"dcterms_creator":["Zahn, Glenn"],"dc_date":["1964"],"dcterms_description":["Pastor, East End Church of God in Christ.","Religion -- African Americans -- Clergy -- East End Church of God in Christ"],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Cleveland State University. Michael Schwartz Library. Special Collections.","Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","Cleveland Press"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Political activists","Civil rights","Cleveland (Ohio)"],"dcterms_title":["Parker, E.T.: 1964"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Michael Schwartz Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://clevelandmemory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/afro/id/1381"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1990"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["http://www.clevelandmemory.org/copyright/"],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["7 x 9 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Parker, E.T."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"usm_hmp_mus-m573-0003","title":"Part I: Academic Curriculum; 1964","collection_id":"usm_hmp","collection_title":"Historical Manuscripts and Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036","United States, Ohio, Butler County, Oxford, 39.507, -84.74523"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1964-01-01"],"dcterms_description":["From the McAtee (William \"Bill\" G.) Civil Rights Collection; This collection contains an original curriculum packet given out at the SNCC-NCC training site in Oxford, Ohio, for Freedom Summer workers going to Mississippi. It is accompanied by William G. McAtee's notes on how he was presented with the packet on June 25, 1964. Part I: Academic Curriculum.","This item is part of the Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["m573 McAtee (William \"Bill\" G.) Civil Rights Collection","Folder: Curriculum Pt. 1"],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights workers","Civil rights movement"],"dcterms_title":["Part I: Academic Curriculum; 1964"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Southern Mississippi. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://usm.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_35c28c30-3288-4977-a00b-0dfca3480b3f"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["University Libraries provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. When possible, we have provided information regarding the copyright right status of an item; however, the information we have may not be accurate or complete. Obtaining permissions to publish or otherwise use is the sole responsibility of the user."],"dcterms_medium":null,"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"usm_hmp_mus-m573-0005","title":"Part II: Citizenship Curriculum; 1964","collection_id":"usm_hmp","collection_title":"Historical Manuscripts and Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036","United States, Ohio, Butler County, Oxford, 39.507, -84.74523"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1964-01-01"],"dcterms_description":["From the McAtee (William \"Bill\" G.) Civil Rights Collection; This collection contains an original curriculum packet given out at the SNCC-NCC training site in Oxford, Ohio, for Freedom Summer workers going to Mississippi. It is accompanied by William G. McAtee's notes on how he was presented with the packet on June 25, 1964. Citizenship Curriculum.","This item is part of the Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["m573 McAtee (William \"Bill\" G.) Civil Rights Collection","Folder: Curriculum Pt. 1"],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights workers","Civil rights movement"],"dcterms_title":["Part II: Citizenship Curriculum; 1964"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Southern Mississippi. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://usm.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8eb430fc-9775-4192-a592-3be38c7c90f5"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["University Libraries provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. When possible, we have provided information regarding the copyright right status of an item; however, the information we have may not be accurate or complete. Obtaining permissions to publish or otherwise use is the sole responsibility of the user."],"dcterms_medium":null,"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"guan_1283_021-019","title":"Pate, Martha B. Lucas (Mrs. Maurice), 1964","collection_id":"guan_1283","collection_title":"Lillian Eugenia Smith Papers (circa 1920-1980)","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1964"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":null,"dcterms_title":["Pate, Martha B. Lucas (Mrs. Maurice), 1964"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Hargrett Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/guan_1283_021-019#item"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/guan_1283_021-019"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Lillian Smith papers, ms1283. Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["correspondence"],"dcterms_extent":["2 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966--Correspondence"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"usm_hmp_mus-m357-0028","title":"Patricia Amlin Scudder with dog near sorting of textbooks; undated","collection_id":"usm_hmp","collection_title":"Historical Manuscripts and Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1964-01-01"],"dcterms_description":["From the Dahl (Kathleen) Freedom Summer Collection. Black-and-white photograph of Pat (Patricia) Amlin Scudder, a Holly Springs civil rights worker, kneeling beside a dog. Kathleen Dahl and Pat were both from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Pat married Ken Scudder, also a Holly Springs volunteer and native of Milwaukee.","Electronic version made available through a National Leadership Grant for Libraries from the Institute of Museum and Library Services.","This item is part of the Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["M357 Dahl (Kathleen) Freedom Summer Collection","Box 1, Folder 2 M357-62"],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights workers","Holly Springs (Miss.)","Mississippi Freedom Project","Textbooks"],"dcterms_title":["Patricia Amlin Scudder with dog near sorting of textbooks; undated"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Southern Mississippi. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://usm.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b62844cb-8815-4460-9299-c95189a1b9ec"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["University Libraries provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. When possible, we have provided information regarding the copyright right status of an item; however, the information we have may not be accurate or complete. Obtaining permissions to publish or otherwise use is the sole responsibility of the user."],"dcterms_medium":["images (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ffc_crlsa_p16000coll5-128","title":"Paul Good Recordings : Tape 1 : Transcript","collection_id":"ffc_crlsa","collection_title":"Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1964"],"dcterms_description":["This is a transcript for the first in the series of journalist Paul Good's tape recordings in St. Augustine during the summer of 1964. The transcript for this tape consists of three parts: 1. Press conference with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (starting at 0:00). 2. A segregation rally at the Old Slave Market consisting of several unknown speakers, plus local KKK leader Halstead \"Hoss\" Manucy (starting at 00:06:11). 3. Press conference with local citizen Verle Pope (starting at 00:20:48).","Paul Good Recordings : Transcript for Tape 1 Part 1: Press Conference with Martin Luther King (00:00:00) Martin Luther King: …given by the grand jury yesterday, however we discovered that we were the victims of a blasted hope. We are therefore greatly disappointed at what we consider an unwise, unfair and unreasonable position taken by the grand jury. It completely fails to grasp the deep discontent, the haunting frustration and the seizing despair of the Negro community as a result of the continued existence of segregation and discrimination. The presentment is based on the false assumption that Saint Augustine had genuinely peaceful race relations, and though the Southern Christian Leadership Conference quote “picked it as a symbol before the world.” A more honest assessment for the situation would reveal that Saint Augustine has never had peaceful race relations. It may have had a negative peace which was the absence of tension, but certainly not a positive peace which is a presence of justice. True, Saint Augustine has made progress in race relations like numerous other cities, but one must realize that progress wets the appetite for greater progress. Moreover, it must be recognized that the progress made has not been nearly great enough to compensate for the centuries of injustice and oppression inflicted upon the Negro. One needs only to catalogue the numerous unsolved shootings and bombings of Neqro homes and automobiles, the sick toleration of Ku Klux Klan activity, the economic deprivation of the Negro and the exclusion of Negros from most places of public accommodation in Saint Augustine to see that the progress made has been all too inadequate. Saint Augustine can of course try to temporize, negotiate small inadequate changes, and prolong the time table of freedom in the hope that the narcotics of delay will dull the pain of progress. But the fact remains that there would be neither peace nor tranquility in this community until the righteous demands of the Negro are fully met. In the light of the foregoing we cannot in good conscience accept the proposal of the grand jury. For the SCLC to be asked to leave Saint Augustine and call off all demonstrations without any concrete step being made to rectify the situation is not only an impractical request, but an immoral one. It is asking the Negro community to give all and the white community to give nothing. This is hardly a just and ethical way to deal with such an urgent problem. But even in spite of our disappointment, we still want it clearly known that we are deeply desirous of reaching a settlement. We are not demonstrating for demonstration's sake, we are merely seeking to make ourselves heard so that the community will be compelled to deal with our just demands. We would be happy to bring about a cessation of demonstrations if we could see a good faith move to solve the Saint Augustine racial problem. We would therefore propose that the grand jury be reconvened in the next few days and that the biracial committee mentioned in the presentment be appointed immediately. At the appointment and convening of said committee, we would be willing to halt demonstrations for the week in order to demonstrate good faith and allow the committee to deliberate without undo community tension. If at the end of this period of good faith communication, a reasonable attempt is made to comply with our request, we will gladly accept this as a settlement. Let us say in conclusion that we are not seeking to disrupt the life of Saint Augustine or humiliate its white citizens. We are merely seeking to achieve a moral balance that will make justice a reality in this community. We are not seeking a hollow victory. We are seeking reconciliation. We are not seeking to develop a community of fear. We are seeking to develop the beloved community where all men will respect the dignity and worth of human personality. That's the end of the statement. Do you have any questions? Reporter: I understand that unless the grand jury does reconvene in the next two days, your demonstrations will continue. Is that correct? Martin Luther King: That is correct. Reporter: Even if the grand jury does reconvene, you will still continue demonstrations until this biracial committee is formed, is that correct? Martin Luther King: That’s correct. We feel that the formation of this biracial committee is an absolute necessity to get meaningful negotiations moving in the community. Reporter: Are you willing to let the jury appoint the committee? Martin Luther King: Well we have said all along that the persons on the committee, at least the Negro committee, should be at least recommended by the leadership of the Negro community, and we still feel that this is still necessary in order to get good faith negotiations going. However, the committee already been appointed according to the statement from the grand jury and we would hope that they have on that committee people who are accepted in the Negro community. Reporter: It’s charged Dr. King that you broke good faith yesterday with the jump in at the Monson swimming pool. What's your reaction to that? Martin Luther King: Well I don't know the basis for that charge. I had not made any promise to anyone concerning the type of demonstrations that we would have and this was just a new and creative development we thought in our nonviolent thrust. We had no idea when the grand jury would make its report. In fact, we had gotten a little pessimistic concerning possibilities of anything coming out of grand jury because of the slow movement. I felt on Tuesday when I got back that things would be developed then by the grand jury nothing happened. Part Two: Segregation Rally (00:06:11) Unidentified Speaker: …these freedom songs and all this other rif raff that you hear every day, well let me tell you something right now, there’s millions that’s standing in this country tonight and sacrifice their blood for that price of freedom and that's all we're fighting for tonight is our freedom. They want to bring in the McCarran Immigration Act right now. They want to pass it in this country and bring four million more aliens into this nation every day and they’re not doing one thing about the people that’s down in Florida in this country. And yet they want to pass a bill that says a man employing people has got to lay off so many white people to get so many niggers to work for him and make up for the difference. And they call that freedom? Well I’ve got to lay off so many people to hire so many niggers and that’s my freedom of choice? No, that's not freedom. [unintelligible] That's taking bread out of your mouth and my mouth and that's not freedom tonight. So let me tell you this, we have got to change our whole political structure and there's only one way, the democratic way tonight, and that is to go to the polls and do something about it. As one of the speakers said earlier tonight “let the party system” that's all they want. They don't care who the people want as president, not who the people want, that’s immaterial tonight. It’s get a hold of somebody that suits our ways. We the politicians, we want ol’ Joe Blow, so you put him in office. Well I’ll tell you this much tonight, let’s the people of America, the grass roots element, let’s rise up and put the man we want in office and show them once and for all we’re dissatisfied with the trend our country’s taking today. Are you with me on this? [Cheering] We tonight are gathered out here for one specific purpose, and that is you came to hear I’m sure Mr. J.B. Stoner and not me, but someone else. There’s too many people in this country today who are still an independent, rebel people. It’s the people in the south and the west today. They are still the people in this United States of America that the Communist Party has got to conquer and accomplish their aims in. And that’s why they got to put us down, because they know that the people of the south and the west will still fight for the principles they espouse and believe in. And they still believe in the flag, God, country, motherhood and these things that we have held precious so long and that’s what we’re really fighting for. That’s the thing we’re holding against, because we know that once a nation is integrated it has failed, it is proven in history. You can take your Nordic race [unintelligible] State’s Rights Party and study the history of it and you’ll find that every race, whether it’s Brazil, Spain or what have you, when they have intermarried and intermingled it has lowered their moral standards, destroyed their people, and brought ‘em down to nothing. And it’s this nation tonight is the greatest on the face of the earth. One reason why, because it was settled by Anglo Saxon people. It was given a constitution and a flag it was proud of and the people that fought and stood for that. And if you’ll do the same tonight, I assure you, you won’t be sorry and I know that’s why you’re here because you intend to do that very thing. Because we still believe as the saying goes and the stars and bars and I say this to you tonight: let’s unite as one body and one people and we can’t lose because we got ‘em outnumbered. You with me on that? [Cheering] [Unintelligible chatter] Some people have said to me in recent months, in fact I was listening to a man in a barbershop the other day, he said, “well, we just as well give up.” No, when a man gives up, he doesn’t believe in the ideals and the things that he espouses. But when he does believe in those things and will fight for them regardless of the cost and the price he has to pay, then he really and sincerely believes in those ideals. And so I say to you in closing tonight, I didn’t come to speak, I just come to stand in the background and watch, because I’m awful tired. But I say to you, I believe in those ideals, the same ideals you stand for, the same things you fight for. And as the emcee said earlier, the Ku Klux Klan is always supposed to be the organization that’s trying to kick everybody’s head in and stomp everybody in the street. That’s not so. The Ku Klux Klan though in 1866, began to rise in 1867 and was well on their way to bringing the south from off of its knees and protecting the womanhood and the families and rebuilding this country. And no matter what they say, they can never take that away from that organization. Regardless of what is said about it, that is one organization, and even the encyclopedias will prove that. [Cheering] I say to you this much tonight, stand, fight, do your fighting socially, economically. If you’re a businessman, you know what to do. When you hire your labor. If you have a grocery store, if you have trade, remember what to do. Let’s fight ‘em by the same methods they’re trying, because why not? We have more brains. [unintelligible] We’ve got more money. We have got the things it takes to win. All we’ve got to do folks is put ‘em to work. That’s all you’ve got to do. Is when your politician doesn’t do what he’s supposed to, say “Ol Hoss, the next trip around, you’re not going to be riding the same pony down that creek.” [Cheering] If you have in your community someone who begins to say, “Well, I don’t know.” Tell him, “Listen, you’re in the wrong crowd. You are the wrong man for this job. We gotta have somebody else.” If you’ve got a school principal who’s not doing the thing he should, then get him lined up. What are they doing to you? They came to your city. They came to our city. They came to cities all over this nation and said, “You either do this thing or we’re going to get out here in your streets and tear up [unintelligible].” And they did, didn’t they? [Cheering ] They get on the television and radio and say, “If you don’t do this boy, we’re gonna just come down and march up and down your streets, insult you and let you know what we’re gonna do.” Well let me tell you something right now. We can do the same thing. If I got on television and told ‘em, “listen, you either line up for Saint Augustine or the Ku Klux Klan’s gonna come in here and boot you around.” You what they’d do to me? They’d have me arrested and charge me with conspiracy. That’s right. [Cheering] Well I tell you something. That’s a two way street. It’s about time the federal government begin to show that thing works two ways. Because we haven’t got any communists hitting or fighting for us. The Maritime Union didn’t put out any lieutenants out of the Klan for being members of the Communist Party. Martin Luther King’s got a lieutenant set inside of him that’s guilty of it. You know what I’m talking about? That’s evidence, irrevocable. The Maritime Union put it out, said he was a communist. And yet he’s right along beside Mr. Lucifer King. [From 12:15-12:45 there is back and forth chatter between the audience and individuals at the microphone] Unidentified Speaker: Tomorrow night there’ll be more Klansmen here. The Klan is like…the Klan in the south is like the dew. It covers the whole south. [Cheering] Unidentified Speaker: I want to greet all my white friends and all the lawmans; they’re my white friends too. Hallelujah. I’m a preacher of the Gospel and don't deny it. I want you to know that God made the separation in the eleventh chapter of the book of Genesis when he made twelve tribes. And I want to be just one of those twelve tribes. I want to continue that twelfth tribe. Hallelujah, but I want my tribe to be in the [Unintelligible] of God's Bible because I am a preacher of God's Bible and that's the name of my church and I am happy that I am one of God's Bible preachers. Hallelujah. This season friends I want you to go to the Lord with me in prayer because we’re in a serious condition. We’ve got somethin on our hands we’ve never had in the world. And I want you to know it’s confronting the lawman. The lawman’s confronted with it and we're confronted with it, the white people are confronted with it and the races have got to where they’re not satisfied, and I want you to know that its gonna take God in this thing to carry us through. Now if you'll bow your heads with me we'll go to the Lord in prayer. Our father as we come before you today with Jesus we praise your wonderful name. We thank you Lord for what the white man stands for. We don't want to run over nobody nor transgress over nobody God, but we want the white man to stay white and we want the black man to stay black and any other races to stay their color. Lord, we want the word of God spread abroad in all the land and we thank you for this gathering and we thank you for what it stands for and we intend to back it with our prayers and our support and with everything we can do. In these favors we ask in Jesus's blessed name, amen. Unidentified Speaker: And I’m sure that you’re not [unintelligible] because they march right down behind us here. And not that we are scared to march, but there's a time and place for everything. So go home tonight and let these law enforcement officers get some rest. I know that [unintelligible] tired. [Unintelligible chatter] Hoss, come up here. This is his town. He’s got an announcement to make. [Cheering] Hoss Manucy: Fellas, I got an announcement to make. As a citizen here of Saint Augustine which all of you are, we’ve been asked by the grand jury, and as citizens and other people, not only me, not only y’all, not to march, not to cause no trouble. Can’t talk no louder. And I’ll tell you all this, we are going to go by what the grand jury asks. A lot of people might not like it, but we better than these colored people out here, these niggers. [Cheering] I said Niggers. [Cheering] There will not be no demonstrations tonight. There will not be no march tonight. Good night everybody. [Cheering] Unidentified Speaker: It’s good to come here tonight and see more good white people out here than King and his red revolutionaries can muster in the city of Saint Augustine. [Cheering] Since King and his black revolutionaries [Unintelligible] Saint Augustine to counteract King's outside demonstrators. [Cheering] As you know in every war, there is a decisive battle. It’s in Saint Augustine…it’s in Saint Augustine the red revolution can be turned back. [Cheering] Now, they are about to sign this so-called civil rights bill, this so called civil rights bill that in effect repeals the United States Constitution. [Cheering] Of course we all know what that stacked Supreme Court in Washington will do. It will rule that any kind of an act is constitutional that is in accordance with the platform of the Communist Party. Which reminds me back in 1928, the Communist Party adopted a platform which is now incorporated into the civil rights bill. I don't think that the civil rights bill settles anything. All that the civil rights bill does is to start a race war in the United States. As a general rule, when Congress declares an act of war, declares war, it is against another country. And it’s not the first time Congress has ever been so stupid as to declare a state of civil racial war in the United States. [Cheering] We’ve got people who set up a biracial committee to integrate Saint Augustine [Unintelligible] believing that that interracial committee is going to give them everything that they are asking for. Now some, yes, are demanding, but they can keep on demanding. We pay no attention to nigger demands in Saint Augustine. [Cheering] Now some of the people who want to sit down [Unintelligible] people in Jacksonville. Now if there is an interracial council set up here in Saint Augustine it will do the same way as they did in Jacksonville. In Atlanta, Knoxville, Nashville, Birmingham and other cities the chambers of commerce have set up interracial committees and every time, they were set up to give the niggers the integration that they want. Now if anybody sets up an interracial committee in Saint Augustine, then that man or those men are preparing to surrender our white rights to King and any other black mobs. Part Three: Verle Pope Statement to Reporters (00:20:48) Verle Pope: The processes of law and order are not to be dictated by any individual. Nor are these processes of law subject to trade on the table of barter. It is a sickening thing when the processes of government are subject to the influence and trade of a handful of individuals from the outside of this community. It is true that Saint Augustine is the battleground, but it is also true that it could have been Jacksonville, Orlando, Sanford or any other area within this community. And I say you that the people of Saint Augustine will never yield to trading the systematic processes of law to be beckoned and bartered with by outside organizations and individuals that have no political status in the field of government. I know of only one recourse which we might have in this trying situation, and those of you who witnessed the demonstrations last night know how tense the feeling is, and how great the danger is that human lives might be lost, and I have been besieged by phone calls from mothers of girls who have been out on dates, who couldn't get home because they were being told to ride around until they could be sent through the proper traffic lanes in order to avoid these demonstrations. And this constitutes a terrible invasion of human rights and it is indeed a terrible thing. And because of the acuteness of this situation, because of the fact that I feel that human lives will be lost, because I have a knowledge that businessmen of this community are not allowed to follow the normal processes of government. I am asking and hoping that the governor of this state will invoke the provisions of the emergency act, which was passed by the state legislature, which will and does give to him the authority to order that such demonstrations cease because they are not in public interest, and because public lives and public businesses and the operation of the normal rights of individuals are jeopardized by the holding up of such demonstrations. Whether the rights of the governor and the state legislature which in its wisdom anticipated the provisions and the necessity for this law will withstand the interpretations of the invading federal courts remains to be seen. But if this act will not withstand federal adjudication in the favor of the great citizenry of this state, then I say to you that the tail is wagging the dog, and when that happens, the dog is very, very sick. Reporter: Have you spoken to Governor Bryant this morning concerning this emergency act? Verle Pope: Not directly, but indirectly. Reporter: You have spoken to his office? Verle Pope: I have spoken to representatives of his office, yes. Reporter: Have they given you any indication that the governor may in fact invoke this emergency act? Verle Pope: I feel that he will, I hope that he will. Reporter: Would it be immediate today? Verle Pope: I hope that will be immediate. Reporter: Verle, how [Unintelligible]? Verle Pope: Under the provisions of the emergency act it provides that certain conditions must exist. There must be of course a danger. Reporter: [Unintelligible] Verle Pope: That was a part of this act, yeah. End of recording.","Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) -- Ku Klux Klan -- St. Johns County Grand Jury -- Monson Motor Lodge -- Old Slave Market -- Integration of Monson Pool -- Klan Rally -- Civil Rights Act of 1964"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--United States--Florida"],"dcterms_title":["Paul Good Recordings : Tape 1 : Transcript"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Proctor Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://civilrights.flagler.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p16000coll5/id/128"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Flagler College is not the copyright owner for this item, nor can the College provide a copy of this item. Please contact the contributing organization to obtain a copy and permission to reproduce this item."],"dcterms_medium":["transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":["11 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Manucy, Holsted, 1919-1995","Good, Paul","Bryant, Farris, 1914-2002","Pope, Verle Allyn, 1903-1973"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ffc_crlsa_p16000coll5-107","title":"Paul Good Recordings : Tape 3 : Audio","collection_id":"ffc_crlsa","collection_title":"Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine","dcterms_contributor":["Emory University : Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, \u0026 Rare Book Library"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1964"],"dcterms_description":["This is the third in the series of journalist Paul Good's tape recordings in St. Augustine during the summer of 1964. This tape consists of 5 parts: 1. Jackie Robinson addresses a mass audience at St. Paul AME Church (00:00:00). 2. Singing of a freedom song (00:20:09). 3. Reverend C.T. Vivian addressing a crowd at a rally (00:21:47). 4. Singing of a freedom song (00:28:10). 5. Jackie Robinson addressing an audience (00:28:43).","St. Paul AME Church -- Civil Rights Rally -- Civil Rights March -- Visit of Jackie Robinson"],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--United States--Florida"],"dcterms_title":["Paul Good Recordings : Tape 3 : Audio"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Proctor Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://civilrights.flagler.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p16000coll5/id/107"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Flagler College is not the copyright owner for this item, nor can the College provide a copy of this item. Please contact the contributing organization to obtain a copy and permission to reproduce this item."],"dcterms_medium":["sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":["00:30:08"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Robinson, Jackie, 1919-1972","Vivian, C. T.","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Wallace, George","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Rockefeller, Nelson A. (Nelson Aldrich), 1908-1979","Young, Andrew, 1932-","Parks, Rosa, 1913-2005","Bates, Daisy","Randolph, A. Philip (Asa Philip), 1889-1979","Young, Whitney M."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ffc_crlsa_p16000coll5-108","title":"Paul Good Recordings : Tape 3 : Transcript","collection_id":"ffc_crlsa","collection_title":"Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1964"],"dcterms_description":["This is the third in the series of journalist Paul Good's tape recordings in St. Augustine during the summer of 1964. This tape consists of 5 parts: 1. Jackie Robinson addresses a mass audience at St. Paul AME Church (00:00:00). 2. Singing of a freedom song (00:20:09). 3. Reverend C.T. Vivian addressing a crowd at a rally (00:21:47). 4. Singing of a freedom song (00:28:10). 5. Jackie Robinson addressing an audience (00:28:43).","Paul Good Recordings : Transcript for Tape 3 Part 1: Jackie Robinson Addressing a Mass Meeting at St. Paul AME Church (00:00:00) Jackie Robinson: Because as we looked from one side to the other, and we looked in back of us and in front of us and we noticed that there were some two-hundred and fifty odd thousand people marching down Constitution Avenue, singing songs of freedom, not as well as these youngsters were doing here but, all of us singing with a kind of pride that didn't exist before in my opinion. And as you looked around you couldn't help with the attitude and the way that they were marching, letting people know that we believe in our democracy and are marching towards freedom, you couldn't help but have a tremendous pride in being a Negro. And as you marched on further down Constitution Avenue, you kind of looked around and you heard songs and you knew that in this audience, that there are more than just Negroes marching down and you had a wonderful feeling of pride knowing that there thousands of white Americans who were participating and who were marching, letting the world know, because the world was represented by their press and by television and radio, that they too believed enough in freedom that they would take time out to go to Washington to march with us, sing songs of freedom, knowing full well that until all receive equality, that none really have equality. And as we marched on I took my young eleven year son by the hand and I said, “David, the lady next to me is Daisy Bates, a lady from Little Rock, Arkansas who did so much to inspire the youngsters to go to that school in Little Rock and integrate it, encouraged them, guided them, and let them know that there were many people behind them, so much so that they have made a wonderful contribution not only to themselves but to their community, to their race and to their nation.” And then I pointed out that the lady next to Daisy Bates was Rosa Parks and I said, \"I'm sure David you don't know who Rosa Parks is but, in my view, had it not been for Rosa Parks, perhaps we would not have a Martin Luther King today, because had it not been for Rosa who finished her day's work, got on the bus and sat down, and refused to move, out of this incident came the Montgomery movement and the Martin Luther Kings and the Reverend Abernathys and men like Andy Young who have done so very much to make America a much better place in which to live.” And we marched on and we talked about the other people involved in this march. Among them was a young man who taught me something about the NAACP and I explained to David about him. And then we marched on over to the lake in the morrow, we started listening to songs from movie stars, from entertainers who have been before our television screens and who have made contributions to this nation in the field of entertainment, but who are so dedicated that they came to Washington to sing and to let people know exactly how they felt. And then after all of the speakers, Roy Wilkins and Whitney Young, A. Phillip Randolph, all of the leaders of the movement finished, Dr. Martin Luther King took the stand and the thing that I remember most about his speech was when he said to the audience, that he has a dream, \"I have a dream that one day my children are going to be judged on the contents of their character not on the coloring of their skin. And when that day comes I am going to be tremendously proud of my country.\" And you know ladies and gentlemen, this is why I am so proud of the work that a man like Martin Luther King does. We all ought to take tremendous pride in someone who has given up so much for so little and yet has done so much for so many people. [Applause from the crowd] I feel proud really to have had the kind of association I have with Dr. King, and I am just sorry that the personal pleas that he has made to Washington have fallen on deaf ears. It appears to me that the man in the White House who has made so many wonderful pronouncements about civil rights, who has in the last six months attempted to overcome thirty years of anti-Negro feeling, today refuses as far as I know to even answer the plea for help in this city down here in St. Augustine. It’s good to hear these words that he is preaching, but I say to you that it’s time for action. And just because of the fact that it appears that a man from Arizona may be his opponent, there's no reason in my opinion for him to pull in his horns when there is such a terrible situation and a struggle going on here in our country. [Applause from the crowd] We are, ladies and gentlemen at the crossroads. We can either move forward or we can go back depending on what our leaders do. If we got the kind of leadership that was exhibited by Dr. King, and A. Phillip Randolph, and Whitney Young and Roy Wilkins and all the others in Washington, if President Johnson would exhibit this kind of leadership, would let the people know exactly how he feels by action and not by words, I don't think people in this particular area will have to be afraid of anything that’s going to happen. [Applause from the crowd] As we were, as we were coming down from Jacksonville, we were stopped on the roadside by the state troopers and I must admit, that they were quite cordial. I must admit that they were friendly and that they had a real sense of humor, but for the life of me I couldn't understand why we were being stopped. The driver was going sixty in a sixty-five mile zone, and the other people were zooming on by us, and it just appears to me that maybe we were stopped because of the fact that there were strangers in the audience. But I say that from what I hear, at least the governor recognizes that we are in a real critical period. I think the governor is taking into consideration that up in New York at the United Nations building, the United Nations is made up of a body that constitutes twenty-five percent of African nations or more. People with same coloring just like yours and mine who sit before that big body and have to decide whether or not they’re going to align themselves with the forces of democracy or whether they’re going to align themselves with communism. People who will leave the halls of that beautiful building and go cross the street to a restaurant and are subjected to the kinds of treatment that you and I have faced over the years, not knowing whether they’re going to be served or they will perhaps go up to a building where there is a vacancy sign and when they apply all of a sudden there are no vacancies, or they are subjected to other kinds of treatment and then have to go back in and cast their ballot for democracy or communism. And they often wonder why people do not know exactly where to go. Thank goodness that we Negroes have chosen democracy over communism and we have said to the world that we are not interested in communism, but what we want here in America is a bit more democracy. [Applause from the crowd] I am sick and tired of hearing people up north constantly talking about morality. They say to us, look at all the illegitimate children that they have among the Negro, that there are three-hundred and fifty-thousand illegitimate children in America last year. And look at the number that came from the Negro, but they don't say the number of abortions that we had here in this country last year.[Applause from the crowd] There were over, there were over one million abortions in this country last year and of that number about ninety-five percent were committed by whites. [Applause from the crowd] And I wonder, I wonder ladies and gentlemen whether God meant for us to have our children or whether to take our diners club and go to a doctor and get rid of our babies. And when they start talking about morality, mind you they ought to look at the whole picture. And they ought to look at the kind of problems that they are subjecting our people to. And if they would look at the overall picture I think they would take a tremendous pride in the contributions that the Negro has made to our country. If they would ever get it out of their minds that we are interested in becoming their brother-in-law, I think they would be a little bit better off. [Applause from the crowd] We have been trying to say that the Negro is more interested in being their brother than their brother-in-law, and that if we would just take a look around us when we get Negroes together and look at the beauty that is exhibited among us and we don't have to go down and buy some of these lotions that we see advertised all over this land to get this skin color [unintelligible]. [Applause from the crowd] I think you can be awfully proud of yourselves for what you’re doing. I listened to Andy talk about Jackie Robinson being nonviolent or not being nonviolent. I want to say to Andy that I have learned a great deal from what you have done. You have taught me and I'm sure many people up north the kinds of accomplishments that can be made with the determination such as you have exhibited. I think the fact that people like this are willing to give up their freedom to go to jail is an indication exactly what they believe about America. Going to jail I feel is something like what Herb was saying, that I am not doing it for myself but I am doing it for America. I am not thinking about the Negro, I am thinking about all of us here in this country. 10:45 And you know ladies and gentlemen as we left Washington, I'm sure that those of you who had the opportunity of being there, wanted to rush home just like I did to take a look at television to get that tremendous pride and thrill that I’d gotten as I participated in that march. And as I sat before my television screen and I listened to all of the things that had happened that day, getting that tremendous pride, I felt that this day has really been a tremendously successful one because they had a big television up over the world showing what had been happening to every country around. And that they were pointing out the kinds of attitudes that Negroes here in this country were expressing and the kind of contributions that we were making to this country. And then all of a sudden as Dr. Martin Luther King finished, the announcer he felt that perhaps we ought to bring on the opposition. And he called on I think it was Senator Russell from Georgia. He called on Thurmond, I don’t know whether he’s from South Carolina or North Carolina, it’s just bad wherever he's from. They called them on them to make a speech and I think it was Senator Thurmond who got up and said, \"You know ladies and gentlemen, I can't understand for the life of me what the Negros’s complaining about here in this country.\" He said, \"Why, they have more washing-machines and dish-washers and television sets than any other colored people all over this world. They shouldn't be complaining.” And I got sick all over again because this is the kind of leadership whose voice goes out and speaks for America. And I think it’s a tragedy that this kind of a man is allowed to express his opinions, or a man like Wallace is allowed to leave Alabama and go up north and get the kind of vote that he gets in a northern city. So you can see, you can see that you not only have a bunch of sick people in this part of the country, but you have a bunch of sick people in that part of the country as well. [Applause from the crowd] Can you imagine, can you imagine a man who, whose doctors say has something wrong upstairs being able to get two hundred and fifty thousand votes or more in Wisconsin? Not in Alabama, but in Wisconsin. A man who is able to go into Indiana and rack up a tremendous vote. A man going into Maryland and receiving about forty-three percent of the votes. I wonder what the people in the United Nations thinks about us when this kind of thing happens. And I’m very much concerned ladies and gentlemen and I'm about I’m sure that each one of you ought to be very much concerned about what's going to happen come November. Now I want to say to all of you that I have been supporting Governor Rockefeller because I want very much, I want very much to become a Republican. I want to become a Republican because I believe it’s essential that we have a two party system, that we not allow the Democrats or the Republicans to take us for granted, that we keep them guessing about our vote. That we let them know that we represent a tremendous amount as far as this vote is concerned and every election that we’ve had practically in the last few years, we have been the balance of power. And I plead with each of you today that in my humble opinion we are truly at the crossroads. If the Republican Party nominates a man from Arizona as their standard bearer, I don't know exactly what's going to happen to us and I urge you if you possibly can to go down and register and vote. And so that we can cast for the Democrats this year the largest number of votes that we have ever given because the Republicans in nominating a Barry Goldwater is saying to you and to me and to every Negro in this country, “We don't want your vote.” [Applause from the crowd] And if they don't want our vote ladies and gentlemen, there’s no reason in God's world why should they get it. [Applause from the crowd] And I urge you tonight, I urge you with every bit of breath that I have and every bit of sincerity that I have not to think that your vote is not important. You have a great contribution that you can make in this year 1964. If we can get every eligible Negro registered to vote, I don't believe that this backlash that Goldwater thinks he’s gonna get from the anti-Negro feeling will come to him, because the Russells and the Thurmonds and all of these people who are democrats and who are working and will be working for Johnson during this next election are not going to lose their position in the Senate and in the House. Simply because Johnson may speak out for civil rights. And unless you sit down and think about the position that you hold, we're going to be missing a wonderful opportunity. Now I spoke about the great leadership of Dr. Martin Luther King and Roy Wilkins and A. Phillip Randolph and Whitney Young. And I have spoken of the contributions that they have made to our society here. Well I want each one of you to know that they can only be as strong as you are. [Applause from the crowd] And I urge you ladies and gentlemen to take a part. It will be a shame if these young people, who are struggling so hard, who are giving up so much, will have to go through the same kinds of things that you and I went through as we grew up. It may be a little bit too late for us because of the kinds of situations that we have faced, but I challenge any of you in this audience who happen to have the same kind of skin color that I have,whether or not you have an education or not, what you would be doing today if you had had the same kinds of treatment that every other American had had. If you had been allowed to go further as far as your individual abilities allow you to go, I doubt seriously that any of you would be doing what you’re doing today. Now some of us have been a bit more fortunate than others. Some of us have been given opportunities, some of us have taken advantage of it and most of us have forgotten from where we come. And I only hope as many of you did when an entertainer a few years ago, decided that he wouldn’t get involved in the fight for freedom. The threat of taking his music out of the music boxes all over this country brought him around and got him involved in the struggle. You have teachers and politicians, you have physicians, you have people who have made it and you have your Uncle Toms here who are trying to make it. [Applause from the crowd] [Unintelligible] ladies and gentlemen to come down here to get into this kind of a rally tonight. But I have been moved tonight. I have been moved by singing. I have been moved by the kind spirit that each one of you has exhibited. And I have been moved by the cause that brings so many of you out day in and day out, putting your lives on the line so that America can be free. But the Communists, the Chinese are calling for colored people the world over to unite, so that we can get back at what white people have done to us, saying that white people represent only twenty percent of the total population. What would happen if colored people the world over decided to align themselves with the Communist Chinese and then tried to retaliate for the kinds of abuse that we faced. I think it would be a real tragedy and I hope for the life of me that we don't ever have to get in that position. Communism is not the answer to our situation, but certainly more democracy is. Now people have been saying, “Yes, but Jackie Robinson, of all people here in this country, you have less right to protest against what’s going on than anybody that I know of. Had it not been for Branch Rickey, a white man, you would not have had the opportunity of going into baseball, had it not been for William Block, a white man, you would not have had the opportunity of going to work at Chock full o'Nuts, and had it not been for the other people that have given you the opportunities that few of your race have had, you wouldn't be where you are today. What right have you to participate in this struggle?” They want to talk about all of the advantages that I as an individual have. They talk about the home I have in Connecticut and I must admit I do have a beautiful home. They talk about the automobiles, they talk about the jobs, they talk about my bank account. Where they got that from I don’t know, because I put most of my money [unintelligible] talk about my bank account. They say, “Jackie Robinson, you have it made. And you ought not to be a part of this movement.” Now I thought about this for a few minutes and it came to me in the form of an article written by a Miami newspaper man. And I sat down and I wrote this fellow a letter. Part 2: Singing of “I Love Everybody in My Heart” and Night March Sounds (00:20:09) Part 3: Reverend C.T. Vivian Addresses a Rally (00:21:47) Reverend C.T. Vivian: [Beginning is muffled]. We have come here and we’ve seen this pavilion’s filled with persons who have guns and knives and clubs and we've seen a town that would not arrest them, because [unintelligible] for one reason or the other. And yet even in the midst of that when the police pulled back in those days, we stopped and had prayer in this place. Now today the police protect us and a new sense of peace has come to this community. As more and more persons all over this world have brought the moral weight of the universe to bear on St. Augustine and have said here that the evil system of segregation cannot really any longer exist, that the system itself must be changed. And what we're saying here in St. Augustine, Florida without saying for Negroes alone, but we're saying for this whole nation and for this city in particular. For what is bad for poor Negroes is bad for poor white people as well. It’s a tragic situation that those that came marching into the Negro neighborhood expecting a fight, found that there was no fight, so we didn’t come to fight with fists and clubs. But we want to raise great ideas up to the level of conscience where men will deal with them. We want to raise the issues, not guns and knives. These have no meaning in our society today, and we cannot live in a society that’s controlled by violence, no matter whose it is. But we want to live in a society where we can come to men and women and say to them, “These are the things for which we struggle, struggle not with guns, struggle not with fists and brutality, but struggle with the, with the thrust of the human spirit, with a heart that’s filled with understanding and who would have more understanding than we? For who has suffered more than we have suffered?” And so those that came into our neighborhood were largely the underprivileged too, and we could feel for them, for they were as poor as we are. They have been cheated out of education just like we have been. You could tell that most of them come had from the back woods, and so most of us have been in situations, that if we had been in better circumstances we could have bettered ourselves but had no opportunity, and what is good for us is good for them as well. And they came into our neighborhood and they found that we sang to them \"We Love Everybody in Our Hearts\" and out of this sense of love, we want to create a new kind of Augustine where everybody can be safe. One of the reporters said that the only place he felt safe in this city was in the Negro neighborhood and I think that a lot of other people are finding this true, that it’s here that we talk about brotherhood and we want to practice it. What are Negroes really marching about in the city? We’re marching for some very basic things. This is not child's play. This is not a sort of a game for us. This is the very matter of life and death and we march up here in great numbers to try to say to the white population of this city that this is not something on the outside, but it’s something that’s been created by segregation on the inside. If there wasn't any segregation here we wouldn't be marching now would we? There would be no reason to march. All we ask is for an equal opportunity. If we don't take care of ourselves, then we’ll blame ourselves, but if we don't have an equal opportunity, how then can we expect anything better? We come here because there are basic things. There are some basic things like jobs that are at stake. We live in a kind of society where there is a man who led a march the other night that said, “Let’s chase all the Negroes out of their jobs.” What kind of heart, what kind of mind is that? That says, “Take jobs away from people so they can't feed their children, so they can't hope, so they can't inspire, so they can’t become a positive American dream.” We don't say, “Take jobs away from anybody.” We say, “Let everybody have better jobs, Negroes included, poor white people included. All of us.” For God sakes we all need more in this Southland. So we march not only for Negroes but we march for [unintelligible] Southland. If it wasn't for the matter of Negroes, Negros, ah, what bothers me is they say, “Negroes steal.” And yet this segregation takes thirty billion dollars a year from Negroes and other minorities in our nation. With that thirty billion dollars, there wouldn't have to be a poverty program in the Southland, but that thirty billion dollars we could see that the Southland could flower as it is supposed to be. The thievery has not come, it’s come from higher up and come from a system of segregation itself. And what we're asking for is the opportunity to make the money that others make in this society, to have the chance at a job. If we fail to given an equal chance, then we fail. If we were really inferior there wouldn't have to be a system of segregation to kick us down, because we wouldn't be able to aspire, but the fact is that all people are really alike and the color of their skin hasn't anything to do with it. We want the opportunity to prove this. What kind of people can there be that break a man's leg and then blame him because he lives? What kind of system can there be that doesn’t give a man a chance at a job, a chance for equal housing, an equal education and then blames him because he limps? If any of us are ignorant, it’s not because we haven’t [unintelligible] something better, it is because the school system all over the Southland has denied us an opportunity at a decent education. Go everywhere you want if you will, and you’ll find that nobody wants to work at education and work at a job any harder than we really do. Listen, I heard a person here last week, two weeks ago when we were marching, say, “You’re all on, you’re all on charity anyway.” Well, my wife is a social worker. And the thing that… Part 4: Marchers Singing \"You Can't Make Me Doubt You.\" (00:28:10) Part 5: Jackie Robinson Addresses a Mass Meeting (00:28:43) Jackie Robinson: I want to take issue with Andy Young here to say that you are not in my view ordinary people. I am proud of the fact that you are doing what you are doing today, because you are making it easy for all of us up in New York and the problem is, we up there take you for granted and forget that we are just a few years removed from this very same thing. And we don't take it upon ourselves to even dig down into our pocketbooks to make contributions, so that you can carry on this tremendous struggle that you are involved in today. And that's why my being here tonight is an honor to me. I am thrilled to be a part of this, but above all I’m more than proud of all of you. And as I listen to the kinds of singing that I’ve been hearing here today, and as I listen to Andy talk about these young people from Wilmington, North Carolina, how long they’ve been in jail and what they've done, it makes me proud. It sort of reminds me of the March on Washington and we were trying to interest our three youngsters in participating more. And thank goodness even though they don't have the same kinds of problems that many of you may face, they have a deep conviction, that unless what happens to you down here… End of recording","St. Paul AME Church -- Civil Rights Rally -- Civil Rights March -- Visit of Jackie Robinson"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--United States--Florida"],"dcterms_title":["Paul Good Recordings : Tape 3 : Transcript"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Proctor Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://civilrights.flagler.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p16000coll5/id/108"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Flagler College is not the copyright owner for this item, nor can the College provide a copy of this item. Please contact the contributing organization to obtain a copy and permission to reproduce this item."],"dcterms_medium":["transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":["11 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Robinson, Jackie, 1919-1972","Vivian, C. T.","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Wallace, George","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Rockefeller, Nelson A. (Nelson Aldrich), 1908-1979","Young, Andrew, 1932-","Parks, Rosa, 1913-2005","Bates, Daisy","Randolph, A. Philip (Asa Philip), 1889-1979","Young, Whitney M."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ffc_crlsa_p16000coll5-109","title":"Paul Good Recordings : Tape 4 : Audio","collection_id":"ffc_crlsa","collection_title":"Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine","dcterms_contributor":["Emory University : Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, \u0026 Rare Book Library"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1964"],"dcterms_description":["This is the fourth in the series of journalist Paul Good's tape recordings in St. Augustine during the summer of 1964. This tape consists of 8 parts. Part 1: Unidentified speaker addressing a mass meeting at of St. Paul's AME Church (00:01:03); Part 2: Andrew Young addressing a mass meeting (00:04:19); Part 3: Sounds of a night march (00:06:08); Part 4: Andrew Young speaking with police officers, including Chief Virgil Stuart (00:07:31); Part 5: Andrew Young addressing marchers (00:11:11); Part 6: Singing of a freedom hymn and sounds of a night march (00:18:07); Part 7: Paul Good describing the scene and the sounds of a night march (00:20:20); Part 8: Paul Good interviews demonstration participants and James Brock (00:22:37).","St. Paul's AME Church -- Old Slave Market -- Monson Motor Lodge -- Civil Rights Rally -- Klan Rally -- Sit-in -- Night March"],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--United States--Florida"],"dcterms_title":["Paul Good Recordings : Tape 4 : Audio"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Proctor Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://civilrights.flagler.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p16000coll5/id/109"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Flagler College is not the copyright owner for this item, nor can the College provide a copy of this item. Please contact the contributing organization to obtain a copy and permission to reproduce this item."],"dcterms_medium":["sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":["00:31:34"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Young, Andrew, 1932-","Stuart, Virgil","Brock, James, 1922-2007"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ffc_crlsa_p16000coll5-110","title":"Paul Good Recordings : Tape 4 : Transcript","collection_id":"ffc_crlsa","collection_title":"Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1964"],"dcterms_description":["This is the fourth in the series of journalist Paul Good's tape recordings in St. Augustine during the summer of 1964. This tape consists of 8 parts. Part 1: Unidentified speaker addressing a mass meeting at of St. Paul's AME Church (00:01:03); Part 2: Andrew Young addressing a mass meeting (00:04:19); Part 3: Sounds of a night march (00:06:08); Part 4: Andrew Young speaking with police officers, including Chief Virgil Stuart (00:07:31); Part 5: Andrew Young addressing marchers (00:11:11); Part 6: Singing of a freedom hymn and sounds of a night march (00:18:07); Part 7: Paul Good describing the scene and the sounds of a night march (00:20:20); Part 8: Paul Good interviews demonstration participants and James Brock (00:22:37).","Paul Good Recordings : Transcript for Tape 4 Part 1: Unidentified speaker addressing a mass meeting at of St. Paul's AME Church (00:01:03) Unidentified speaker: [First part muffled and unintelligible]. If you love, you’re involved in liberation, and that’s why we’re marching tonight. We’re marching because we want to be involved in a great non-violent army of liberation. We can say to the world that we will not be robbed, but we will liberate. And we’ll make this a better place to live in. Let us look at it if you will, we’ve got it all now. Oh, we’ve got the man. Oh we’ve got the man in Martin Luther King. We’ve got the man. When they put him on the cover of Time magazine, even though they didn’t want to admit it, had to admit it. That we’ve got the man. [Applause] Reminds me of the story of the fellow who moved to Washington, D.C., and he went up to work in D.C. and he saw a Negro policeman throwing a million tons of traffic this way with this arm and a million tons of traffic that way with this arm. He looked at it, he made sure it was a Negro policeman, he watched that traffic, and he said, “Man [unintelligible] they told me black was white and white was black up here, but I didn’t know black [unintelligible]. When I saw the cover of Time magazine, I knew that we’d come a long, long way. But I realized how far we had come. That our loss, our people have been degraded and placed in second level. Our loss, of people that have been given a second rate education. Our loss of people that have always been at the bottom of the economic level. Our loss came the man of the year. We’ve got the man. Now we’ve got something more than that. We’ve got the message. We’ve got the message [unintelligible]. We’ve got a better message than anyone’s got. When you get on the Today Show, when you have to get up inside of Wallace, he hasn’t got a chance. The bigots and the segregationists don’t have a chance. And the Ku Klux Klansmen go and hide. And you know why they bomb the churches and you know why they beat you? Because they don’t have a message. We’ve got the message.[Applause] [Unintelligible] whether you’re going to stand up with dignity. Whether you’re going to march on with a sense of [unintelligible] and quality. Whether you’re going to hold your head high and show the world the raw power of righteousness. We’ve got something to march about tonight. Now we’re getting ready to go out of here to get ready to march down the aisle. We’re not going to stop until segregation is gone in St. Augustine. And this will not be our last march and this is not the first. We marched last night and we march again tonight. How many are ready tonight? [Cheers] How many people here simply are not going to march tonight because they are [unintelligible]? [Laughter] Is everybody going to march tonight? [Cheers] Alright, let us prepare to march. Part 2: Andrew Young addressing a mass meeting (00:04:40) Andrew Young: I don’t care what happens, we want you all to remain nonviolent. Now I don't know how often you pray, but I want you to pray tonight and I want you to pray especially for anybody that looks mean at you or anybody that curses you, anybody that spits at you. If somebody even throws something at you, it doesn't make any difference. Hold your head straight ahead and honor a prayer in your heart for them. And let’s stay very silent and let’s have this a quiet, dignified and prayerful march, okay? May I have your attention here? Can you hear me back there? Can you be quiet toward the rear? Let me say that tonight we want to have things especially quiet and prayerful. Now we believe that we shall overcome, but we won’t overcome by trying to be as mean and hateful as our enemies. If we overcome, it will be overcoming through love. Now I want you walk quietly and I want you to pray. If anybody curses you, you walk straight ahead and say a prayer for them. If anybody says any kind of mean word to you, I want you to pray for them. If anybody should throw anything at you, spit at you, do anything to you, I don't want you to even look evil at them. All right? Let everybody pray Amen for me. Part 3: Sounds of a night march (00:06:28) Part 4: Andrew Young speaking with police officers, including Chief Virgil Stuart (00:07:47) Andrew Young: And if they don't ever realize that we're human beings and children of God just like they are, then they can go along still thinking of us as slaves, and really this is all we're trying to overcome, and it requires a certain amount of courage and dignity to do this, but I think it’s something that we've got to do. Policeman 1: We're not forbidding you. We’re just asking you. Virgil Stuart: Let me tell you something: don’t come any further, unless you’re prepared to get your [unintelligible]. But there’s too many, there’s a meeting up there being conducted now. And we can’t break up one meeting to let you have another meeting. So it’s our advice and strong advice that you back [unintelligible] I don’t want no…It’s my strong advice to go on back down there and [unintelligible] that camera on me. Andrew Young: Well, we kind of feel that the only way we’ll ever really have any respect and… Virgil Stuart: Now listen, let me tell you something. I’m not here to argue with you at all. My advice is to you to go back. If you don't, it’s my firm conviction that some of you are going to get hurt and some other people are going to get hurt. It’s my job to protect this city. Now you’ve gone just as far as you better go. We can't protect you anymore. Andrew Young:Would you allow us to go on? Virgil Stuart: I can’t allow you to do anything. I’m just telling you not to do it. Now if you up here, you said you want a peaceful demonstration. Now you’ve had a peaceful demonstration last night. Nobody bothered you. We do not have manpower enough to protect you and protect these other people. And it’s my judgement that you shouldn't come any further. You should go back and run all the meetings you want over there, but not up here. Andrew Young: We're not trying to have a meeting here Chief, we'd just like to march by. Virgil Stuart: Well, why march by? To do that you’re going get somebody hurt bad and the blood is going to be on your hands and your hands if you do it. Now get back if you take my advice. If you don't, it’s your responsibility. You guys that are playing with these cameras, don’t encourage these people to do it. Somebody's going to get hurt. It may be you instead of them. Reporter: I don't have a camera, I'm not encouraging anybody. Virgil Stuart: Well somebody's doing it. [Unintelligible chatter] But I’m inviting you to leave. [Muffled chatter] You’re getting ready to get a bunch of your people hurt and hurt bad. Unidentified marcher: We’ve been hurting for 300 years. Virgil Stuart: Oh no, you ain't been hurt like this. [Unintelligible chatter] We haven't the manpower to protect this situation right here. Part 5: Andrew Young addressing marchers (00:11:28) Andrew Young:Is there anybody that can’t hear me, please raise your hand. Now tonight's the night we decide whether or not you want to be free. For three hundred years we’ve been kept in slavery through fear. If you can keep a man afraid, you can keep him from being a man, because a man who's afraid never stands up for any of those things which God has ordained for him. Now from the time of slavery until the present, whenever Negroes have tried to get their freedom, there’ve been some people, sometime in sheets and sometime, sometime even in police uniform that have tried to keep us from getting our freedom, and they’ve done this by putting fear into our hearts. Now tonight a group has gotten through the slave market before us. The chief of police has advised us not to march down in the block of the slave market. He says that he’s not sure that he’ll be able to protect us. Well I think we've been living this way for some time now. I think this is really one of the first times that I've ever been in a situation where a Deep South police chief was even concerned about protecting me. And so frankly I’ve lived all my life depending on God to protect me. Now we're not asking anybody to go on and risk danger. There may be some, there may not be. I’ve been in situations that looked dangerous before and somehow we've come through. There may be some physical hurt but I know if I get a broken arm it'll be healed in six weeks. I know if there’s a cut or bruise in a few weeks’ time that’ll go away. But the scars that are placed on the minds and hearts of Negro people throughout the Southlands, through having to live under fear and intimidation all their lives, never heal. And so tonight we have to decide whether to stand back and give into fear, or whether we really mean the words that we say, “Before I’d be a slave, I’d be buried in my grave and go home to my Lord and be free.” Now I would like to ask the cameramen if they would stop for just a minute, if they would give us time to think and pray about this. I think this is a decision that every man has to make in his own heart. Nobody can make it for you. And so I want you to think, how many of us will go on and keep this movement alive and assure ourselves of an opportunity to gain our freedom, or if we stop now, we can give it up, perhaps forever in St. Augustine. And so I'd like to ask that we all bow our heads for a minute and I'd like to ask again if we could be perfectly quiet, and if each person could pray, silently in his heart, whether or not you are ready to go on. Let us pray. Paul Good:And then came the silence in the night square, a tremendous deep silence, prayer. A few blocks away, the Klan was waiting, while about one hundred and fifty Negroes bowed their heads and prayed for God to guide them. Andrew Young: God who has called us to be thy sons and thy daughters, we come before thee like empty pitchers before a full fountain confessing our fears, confessing our doubts, and yet knowing dear God that thou has ordained us to be thy sons. We ask you this evening for courage. We ask you for strength, we ask you for wisdom. We ask you dear father if you would not only melt our hearts, and mold them in thine image. Give us the strength of the prophets of old. Give us the strength and the courage of children and adults of all ages who have stood their ground in order that man might be free. We would pray dear father for those who would stand between us and our freedom, for we know they are not to blame. We know that they are only saying and repeating those things which they have heard for generations, and which we have silently adhered to, they have heard that we were inferior and most of us. [The rest of this prayer is muffled, then followed by Andrew Young reciting the Lord’s Prayer]. Part 6: Singing of a freedom hymn and sounds of a night march (00:18:28) Part 7: Paul Good describing the scene and the sounds of a night march (00:20:39) Paul Good: The scene tonight in the heart of St. Augustine is eerie beyond description. Through the darkened streets in the main square of the town, about two hundreds Negroes are slowly walking in defiance of police requests that they go back. The police have said it is simply too dangerous to continue. The Negroes returned to a park. They had a prayer meeting. They decided among themselves that the time had come to declare themselves no matter what happened. And so, men, women and children, they advanced slowly. The only sound, their shuffling footsteps toward the old slave market in the heart of St. Augustine. There are dozens or perhaps hundreds of hostile whites in the square now. And the climax of this night is fast approaching. [Night march sounds follow] Part 8: Paul Good interviews demonstration participants and James Brock (00:23:04) Paul Good: Tell us what you just said to the owners. Unknown Speaker 1: The owner asked us to leave and I told him that we refuse to leave until we’re served. Now either we’re served or the people on the inside [unintelligible]. Paul Good: Do you intend to get arrested if they call the police? Unknown Speaker 1: Yes. Paul Good: How do you think, what do you think is the next step here? Are you gonna march again tonight? Unknown Speaker 1: Definitely. Paul Good: Through the downtown section to the slave market? Unknown Speaker 1: Definitely. Paul Good: Girls? Can I ask you a couple questions? Why have you come here? Unknown Speaker 2: We’ve come here to be served. We’d like to eat here. Paul Good:Do you intend to stay until you get served? Unknown Speaker 2: We do. Paul Good: Turn and answer some questions for the camera please. Unknown Speaker 2: We won't move. Paul Good: Now if he calls the police what will happen? Unknown speaker 2: We'll just go to jail. But we won't move until we've been served. Paul Good: Did you girls take part in the march downtown last night? Unknown speaker 2: Yes. Paul Good: And you intend to march again tonight if you’re not arrested? Unknown speaker 2: Yes. Paul Good: What was your reaction to what happened during the march? Unknown speaker 2: First time I ever felt that close to God before, because I know he was with me [unintelligible] right. Paul Good: Did you think that something violent was going to happen? Unknown speaker 2: Yes, only God stopped it.Paul Good: Only God stopped it? Unknown Speaker 2: Only God. Paul Good: Mr. Peters, do you have a statement? Mr. James E. Brock: My name is Brock. James E. Brock. I’m general manager of the Monson Motor Lodge. This is a private property here and the only way that we'll integrate this property here is one of two ways: either by a federal court order or if the citizens’ representative group of St. Augustine citizens comes and ask us to integrate this property, we'll do it. We'll only do it one of two ways. Which I’ve just explained to you. Paul Good: You would comply with a federal court order? James E. Brock: Absolutely, by a federal court order we will integrate our property or if a representative group of St. Augustine citizens feel that in the interest of this community that we should integrate, we will then integrate, but not until one or the other of these things happen. Paul Good: Does such a group or commission that might study that exist now in St. Augustine? James E. Brock: I’m not familiar with it. I could not say. Paul Good: Do you yourself have any personal objection on a racial basis for not eating at a restaurant where a Negro might eat? James E. Brock: I'd rather not go into that. I made the statement very clear to you. I have nothing further to say on the subject.Paul Good: Thank you very much. Paul Good: Miss, you were in the march downtown last night, a march that nearly ended in violence and today you’re trying to sit in at this restaurant. What motivates you to do it? Unknown Speaker 3: I have been robbed of my human dignity and I feel that I have a right like any other citizen to choose where I want to sleep, where I want to eat, and what I want to do. Paul Good: Now, during the march last night, did you fear physical violence? Unknown Speaker 3: Yes I did, when I first began, I was afraid. Afterwards I passed by with a song in my heart and a prayer on my lips and I said: let it be done if necessary. Paul Good: You prayed let it be done? Unknown speaker 3: [Unintelligible] in my life for what I felt was right. Paul Good: Do you think that was the general feeling of the people who marched? Unknown speaker 3: Definitely. If you could have been there to see the people, the fear in their faces when they started marching, it was really amazing. I was surprised. Paul Good: And how did their faces look when they finished? Unknown Speaker 3: Joyful, very joyful. Paul Good:Are you going to march again tonight? Unknown speaker 3: If I'm not in jail I'll march again tonight.","St. Paul's AME Church -- Old Slave Market -- Monson Motor Lodge -- Civil Rights Rally -- Klan Rally -- Sit-in -- Night March"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--United States--Florida"],"dcterms_title":["Paul Good Recordings : Tape 4 : Transcript"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Proctor Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://civilrights.flagler.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p16000coll5/id/110"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Flagler College is not the copyright owner for this item, nor can the College provide a copy of this item. Please contact the contributing organization to obtain a copy and permission to reproduce this item."],"dcterms_medium":["transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":["11 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Young, Andrew, 1932-","Stuart, Virgil","Brock, James, 1922-2007"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ffc_crlsa_p16000coll5-111","title":"Paul Good Recordings : Tape 5 : Audio","collection_id":"ffc_crlsa","collection_title":"Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine","dcterms_contributor":["Emory University : Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, \u0026 Rare Book Library"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1964"],"dcterms_description":["This is a transcript of the fifth in the series of journalist Paul Good's tape recordings in St. Augustine during the summer of 1964. This tape consists of four parts: Part 1: Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking to a mass meeting (00:00:04); Part 2: Unidentified speakers addressing a mass meeting (00:02:35); Part 3: Paul Good interviewing Andrew Young (00:06:08); Part 4: Paul Good interviewing Martin Luther King, Jr. (00:18:57)","Ku Klux Klan -- St. Augustine Quadricentennial Commission -- Attack on Beach Cottage Safe House -- Civil Rights Rally -- Klan Assault on Robert Hayling -- St. Augustine Quadricentennial Celebration -- Night March"],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--United States--Florida"],"dcterms_title":["Paul Good Recordings : Tape 5 : Audio"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Proctor Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://civilrights.flagler.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p16000coll5/id/111"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Flagler College is not the copyright owner for this item, nor can the College provide a copy of this item. Please contact the contributing organization to obtain a copy and permission to reproduce this item."],"dcterms_medium":["sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":["00:22:58"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Boyte, Harry G., 1911-","Hayling, Robert Bagner","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","White, Lee","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Young, Andrew, 1932-","Shelley, Joseph, 1915-2007"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ffc_crlsa_p16000coll5-112","title":"Paul Good Recordings : Tape 5 : Transcript","collection_id":"ffc_crlsa","collection_title":"Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1964"],"dcterms_description":["This is a transcript of the fifth in the series of journalist Paul Good's tape recordings in St. Augustine during the summer of 1964. This tape consists of four parts: Part 1: Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking to a mass meeting (00:00:04); Part 2: Unidentified speakers addressing a mass meeting (00:02:35); Part 3: Paul Good interviewing Andrew Young (00:06:08); Part 4: Paul Good interviewing Martin Luther King, Jr. (00:18:57)","Paul Good Recordings : Transcript for Tape 5 Part 1: Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking to a mass meeting (00:00:09) Martin Luther King, Jr.: …and creatively making it clear as we're singing our song that you aren't going to let anybody turn you around. And this was a beautiful witness and it took courage. It took a fearless quality. It took a heroic quality and so I want to commend you, the heroes of St. Augustine for carrying out this struggle the way you have carried it out and the way you are carrying it out now. You are proving to be the creative spiritual anvil that will wear out many physical hammer and pretty soon the Klan will see that and they’ll come to see that all of their methods and all of their violence will not stop us. For we are on the way to freedom land, and we don't mean to stop until we get there. We’re going all the way. [Applause] They think that this will stop the movement. I got word way out in California, that a plan was underway, a plot was underway, to take my life in St. Augustine, Florida. Well, if physical death is a price that I must pay to free my white brothers and all of my brothers and sisters from a permanent death of the spirit, then nothing can be more redeeming. [Applause] [Unintelligible] we’ve long since learned to sing anew with our foreparents of old, “Before I’ll be a slave, I'll be buried in my grave and go home to my Father and be saved.” [Singing] Part 2: Unidentified speakers addressing a mass meeting (00:02:51) Unidentified Speaker One:“[Unintelligible] and said to me that, “You’ve only been in the house now in the city just a couple of hours or so, left last week, last Wednesday night to New York City and San Francisco, San Diego and back to San Francisco and down to Los Angeles and then over to Fresno and back to Los Angeles and then to Phoenix and then to Chicago and then to Atlanta. And with just a few hours in the city of Atlanta you are now going to take a flight down to St. Augustine, Florida.” She said, “Some time ago I raised this question with you and I want to raise it with you again. And I think about your family, me, and the children and I think about your church congregation and I think about you and I think about your health, I wonder are you really that dedicated or are you just a damn fool?” [Laughter] Well, this afternoon when we took our flight out of the airport in Atlanta, the flight was crowded, and we could not have seats together, so this gave me the opportunity to ponder this question over and over again. And as this jet made its way from Atlanta into Jacksonville, I thought and pondered over this question, “Are you really that dedicated or are you just a fool?” And I almost decided that it was the latter, until I came into this church and had the privilege again of looking into your faces and I know that it is not the latter. I only pray and I only hope that it is the first, that I am dedicated. If not, I pray that God will enable me to be dedicated, because I know that the clock of time is faster ticking out and America does not have much time left. Unidentified Speaker Two: And Lady Bird and I, we are from the same state. [Applause] And it was a Negro woman, a Negro woman that gave Lady Bird her name. That's a mighty fine name, Lady Bird. I want Lady Bird and LBJ to do something about the people who gave Lady Bird her name. Part 3: Paul Good interviewing Andrew Young (00:06:23) Paul Good:What is the biggest thing that inspired them to continue that march into what seemed like certain violence? Andrew Young: I don't know and I think this is one of the things that as a minister I just retreat and say that somehow God got ahold of 'em. I don't think it was a rational decision, nor was it an emotional decision in the sense of, that they were excited or whipped up in any way, but I think it was a profound spiritual decision that they made or that grabbed them or gripped them and I don't understand this any more than you do, I guess. Paul Good: Do you think that the basic faith of southern Negroes and God is vital to the movement? Andrew Young: Oh I'd say that this is the basis of it. Especially in dangerous areas like St. Augustine or over in Mississippi. There is and has been a profound faith that has helped Negroes to get through all along. And without this I don't think we could have, I wouldn't feel free to encourage people to take these dangers unless there was a great deal of faith on my part. Paul Good: As you walked down the street that night that you can remember, what were your thoughts? Were you praying or how did it go for you personally? Andrew Young: Well I think I was perhaps more calm than I've ever been, because I had a feeling that when the majority, I think, if you make a decision on your own you can always question it or doubt it, but when hundreds of people make the same decision with you, there came over me a feeling of peace and contentment that even if we were going to death, this was a decision in which God was involved in and it would work out all right. Paul Good: Do you have any theory on why the whites didn't move? Andrew Young: I have two. One is that they were awestruck by the quiet and the prayer and the dignity of the procession and then the other is quite cynical, that they were operating on orders from the local police. And I don't know which is which. I would imagine that both might be true. Paul Good: Do you feel that the local police and the county police are in fact intimidated by the Klan or infected by the Klan? Andrew Young: Well I don't know, say, that the county police are in control of the Klan. Paul Good: It’s hard to say which is in control of which? Andrew Young: Yeah, that I really think that certainly local authorities in St. Augustine attempted to use the Klan-like element in town to control and curtail demonstrations. Paul Good: Well, now given this situation which doesn't show any immediate signs of changing, and given the attitude by city officials, well, one question, let me put this in right here. The city manager told us yesterday that the Negroes have not, Negro leadership had not approached him to try to arrange any conference, any talk back and forth, is that right? Now he said that you were in his office along with Harry Boyte last week. But that you were there simply to declare what you were going to do, not to ask for a meeting of minds? Andrew Young: Yes, we haven't made any contacts yet, mainly because every time we made contacts and attempted, they assume that it's because we're weak and we're running out and I think that our policy has been that there's got to be some neutral person to serve as a mediator. We've always let everybody know that we're willing to negotiate, to talk at any time. I went up to the man personally yesterday as soon as, after the judge annouced this, asked us to have a moratorium. I asked Mayor Shelley, “Wouldn’t it be possible for us to use this six to eight days creatively in negotiation and dialogue?” And he said, “Well, what do you want me to do?” And I said, “Well, if you would call together the restaurant owners and the motor court operators and just get them to sit down with one or two of us and talk about the situation.” I said “I'm sure they’re reasonable men. We will be reasonable men and I’m sure that this whole situation could be resolved without further demonstrations. He said, “Well, why don't you go to them.” He said, “I'm a public official and I don't want to be in the middle of it.” Now, he is in the middle of it as an elected official and the problem is that without the backing of the political power structure and the police forces, I would think that the merchants in this community would be afraid to move too far. Paul Good: Well alright, now given this three-pronged situation, the police force either intimidated or infiltrated by the Klan, city officials who refuse to take any active part in arranging conferences between the Negro and white communities, and the fact that business men feel intimidated and with no leadership coming from city hall refuse to act on their own. How can you see the situation in St. Augustine being resolved? Andrew Young: I don't know yet. There are several possibilities for outside help. There was a fella down here from the Justice Department, I don't know what he was doing. I know him and I’m sure if there was anybody, if he talked to any people in the white community that wanted to talk, he would feel free to call me up and we would get some people together. There are also some people within the Negro community that have pretty good relationships with individual white merchants and we're going to have them make some contacts. And I think any time anybody in the white community wanted to get on the phone and set up a conference, they all know Dr. Hayling's address and phone number. And it would just be a matter of a phone call and we would be anxious to respond. Paul Good: Well, now this of course, as all this is off the record, unless any part of it you want it on, numerous whites have told us that a stumbling block here is represented by the person of Dr. Hayling, that they refuse to treat with him and they cite various things that he allegedly said and did with them in the past. Would there ever be the possibility you suppose of different leadership coming in here or by taking Dr. Hayling out would that seem to be a retreat on the part of the movement? Andrew Young:Well I think, that everywhere we've been, we’ve had this, that Birmingham wanted to negotiate, but they refused to negotiate with Fred Shuttlesworth. In Albany they wanted to negotiate but, at times they didn't want to talk with Slater King or Dr. Anderson. That what you’ll always find in every Southern town is that the one leader that starts, gets blasted as being a rabble rouser and irresponsible and they almost never want to deal with him and yet he is the one that probably has made all of the initial sufferings to bring things this far and he is the one that the people respect, so that any negotiations that take place with anybody other than him is really ridiculous, because he has the attention and the ear of the people. Now I think that there may be some ways that we can work around this. I think it’s not necessary for him to be be in on everything but as the local community leader he would have to approve of almost any terms of negotiation and frankly Dr. Hayling is perhaps a much more reasonable man, much more rational man than most of the kinds of local leaders. Usually you have to be, well to really stir up a town, you have to have a certain, almost, I use neurotic advisedly, that you have to be kind of crazy to take on a Bull Connor. And for Fred Shuttlesworth to just get so upset that he had to buck the whole Birmingham power structure, it takes a certain kind of aggressive explosive personality to do this and we realize the difficulties in negotiating with this kind of personality, but at the same time if you look back in the history, all of your leaders and especially all your prophetic leadership, it comes out of this type of person. So that, but you'll also find that as soon as there is some kind of response from the white community, that this person doesn't want to be this way. That if Dr. Hayling was very mean and bitter, it was because he'd been beaten by the Klan, and if any white businessman downtown had been beaten up by a group of Negroes, he would be impossible to negotiate with too. Paul Good: You know the city manager charged us yesterday, that Dr. Hayling had deliberately entered the Klan meeting and had not been dragged in by the Klansmen. Andrew Young: Well actually what happened was, they were driving around there and driving around to see what was going on and some Klansmen got behind them and there was a Klan car in front and Klan car behind kind of jamming them in and they turned off the road trying to get away from these cars and actually speeded up a little bit before they realized where they were. They were on a road that was leading into the Klan meeting and couldn't find a way to turn around, so they were, when they stopped, they were pulled from their cars and dragged into the Klan meeting. Paul Good: Okay Reverend Young I'd like to ask you this last thing. This will just be for the record because we might use this on radio today. As the situation now stands with a Federal judge in Jacksonville going to mull over the weekend a decision whether or not to permit night marches, and whether to rescind the St. Augustine curfew on teenagers, things seem somewhat in abeyance as far as the movement goes here. Dr. King is coming into town tonight of course. What do you see, what direction do you see the movement taking in the next few days? Andrew Young: Well I'd say possibly two or three possibilities. One is that some really meaningful negotiations might begin and this is always an important part of a non-violent movement. The second is that we would have an increase of day-time activity if the negotiations aren’t possible. That we would begin to do more picketing, picketing with larger numbers of people, that we would increase our sit-ins and we'll carry on in early morning and day-time movement. This will be much easier now because school closes today. It was difficult to do anything other than at night. Also with school closing we'll have college people available and there are several groups from New England, from New Haven, Yale students. There’s a, the chaplin of Amherst College is here now with one or two students. There's a group from Boston University that's willing to come down and we could carry on as extensive a day-time movement as we had night-time movement last week. Paul Good: Have you any idea the numbers that might be coming from the north? Andrew Young: No, and I think this sort of depends on us, and they’re waiting to hear from us in terms of how many we need. Paul Good:Do you have anything concrete on which to base the possibility of some kind of meetings between city officials and the group? Andrew Young: No, we really don't. I think the press here has been acting sort of as messenger carriers back and forth as they talk to us and talk to them. And this is always one stage that you go through. I'm going to make a few phone calls this morning and see if I can’t see some people individually and have some of the other members in the Negro community see if they can do this. Paul Good: For the first time you do feel at least hope even though there’s nothing concrete on which to base it, base that there might be a meeting of minds? Andrew Young: Well I think we oughtta to see this as a blessing, that we have six days in which there could be a meeting of minds. If there is, if there is no meeting of minds during these six days, I think it means almost a total non-violent war from here on and we don't want to do that and I don't think St. Augustine businessmen want that and so I think that the alternatives to negotiations are so fearful for both of us that this will encourage us to go ahead. Part 4: Paul Good interviewing Martin Luther King, Jr. (00:18:56) Paul Good: Reverend King, given the near violence in recent days and the fact that the Ku Klux Klan is exceedingly active in St. Augustine, do you intend to continue with the demonstrations? Martin Luther King, Jr.: Oh, very definitely. We are determined to carry on this struggle in St. Augustine until the conditions there are rectified and until we can bring about a meaningful settlement. We are determined to see that segregation is broken down in the major hotels and motels of that city as well as the restaurants and also to gain better employment opportunities for Negroes and to get Negro policemen. Paul Good:Do you have a plan in case the judge fails to issue an injunction against the demonstration ban? Martin Luther King, Jr.: No, we’ll face that when we come to it. We expect that decision to come through in the next few days and after the decision is rendered, then we will determine our course of action. Paul Good: Has the White House been in contact with you Reverend King regarding this? Martin Luther King, Jr.: Yes, I’ve been in touch with the White House several times since last week and I have been assured that they will keep their eyes on the situation and that they are working to see that there will not be a breakdown of law and order in the community. Paul Good: Did you talk personally with President Johnson? Martin Luther King, Jr.: No, I did not. At the time President Johnson was in Texas, but he had just communicated with his special assistant, Mr. Lee White, and asked him to stay in close touch with me and the situation and I’ve talked with Mr. White on three different occassions since that time and he said the President is very concerned about the situation and is keeping in close touch with him. Paul Good: Have you mentioned the fact that when President Johnson was Vice President he promised to try and establish a dialogue between white and Negroes in St. Augustine? Martin Luther King, Jr.: No, I have not presented that to the President yet. I plan to do it next week. And I think that we should get a real response from the President on this because I know he is concerned. Paul Good: Will you try to communicate with the Archbishop in St. Augustine? Martin Luther King, Jr.:Well I don’t have any definite plans on that now, but as the days unfold we will be communicating with several levels of leadership, the commission that’s planning the Quadricentennial, including Henry Ford, the president of the University Pittsburgh and others. We will ask them to support us in these efforts and we will also get in touch with foreign nations that will be participating in this occasion, so that we hope to bring a great deal of pressure to bear on the community to do something about the problem. Paul Good: After you left St. Augustine last week, the beach house in which you had been staying was riddled with shotgun and rifle blasts. Do you intend number one, to return to that same house, and number two, Reverend King, do you have any personal fear for your safety? Martin Luther King, Jr.: Well, I haven’t made a definite decision about returning to the beach house. We will decide that later this evening. I have lived with these problems a long time now. And I live almost every day under the threat of death and I’m sure if I thought about it all of the time I wouldn’t be able to do anything. I’d be completely immobilized, so I move on in the faith that this is a righteous cause and that I am giving my service to something that will ultimately triumph and I am consoled by that, rather than going into all situations with a deep sense of fear. Paul Good: What’s your reaction to a statement by St. Augustine mayor Joseph Shelley that you came to St. Augustine merely for publicity purposes? Martin Luther King, Jr.: I’ve never been in a movement yet when the local leadership and the power structure did not raise this question, so I don’t respond to that. I’m sure that we are here for very serious and sincere motives. Paul Good: Will you try to speak with the mayor? Martin Luther King, Jr.: Yes, I plan to speak with him next week anyway if I don’t see him this week. 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