{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"vrc_voices_38563","title":"Interview with John A. Stokes","collection_id":"vrc_voices","collection_title":"Voices of Freedom","dcterms_contributor":["Carrington, Ronald E.","James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives","Virginia Civil Rights Movement Video Initiative","VCU Libraries"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Virginia, 37.54812, -77.44675"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2003-03-21"],"dcterms_description":["John A. Stokes, of Lanham, Maryland, educator, retired principal, Baltimore City Public Schools, one of the leaders of the student strike at the R.R. Moton High School in Prince Edward County, Virginia in 1951. Stokes provides a \"behind the scenes\" report on the famous Barbara Johns-led student walkout and its aftermath. Mr. Stokes also discussed the conditions of the schools in Prince Edward County; the role of parents and clergy in the strike; the early involvement of the NAACP in Prince Edward County; and rural life in segregated Virginia.","This interview was conducted March 21, 2003 at the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond. Ronald E. Carrington, President of Media Consultants Global, Inc. of Richmond, was the director-producer of the video taping and interviewed the interviewees. Historian Dr. Betsy Brinson conducted preliminary oral interviews. The text of the oral history was transcribed by Halasz Reporting and Video, Richmond. Other editing by the staff of Special Collections and Archives, VCU Libraries."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Virginia--Interviews","Civil rights movements--Virginia","Virginia--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with John A. Stokes"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A38563"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This material is protected by copyright, and copyright is held by VCU. You are permitted to use this material in any way that is permitted by copyright. In addition, this material is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is required.","In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted"],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["34 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Stokes, John A."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"vrc_voices_6148","title":"Interview with John A. Stokes","collection_id":"vrc_voices","collection_title":"Voices of Freedom","dcterms_contributor":["Carrington, Ronald E.","James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives","Virginia Civil Rights Movement Video Initiative","VCU Libraries"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Virginia, 37.54812, -77.44675"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2003-03-21"],"dcterms_description":["John A. Stokes, of Lanham, Maryland, educator, retired principal, Baltimore City Public Schools, one of the leaders of the student strike at the R.R. Moton High School in Prince Edward County, Virginia in 1951. Stokes provides a \"behind the scenes\" report on the famous Barbara Johns-led student walkout and its aftermath. Mr. Stokes also discussed the conditions of the schools in Prince Edward County; the role of parents and clergy in the strike; the early involvement of the NAACP in Prince Edward County; and rural life in segregated Virginia.","This interview was conducted March 21, 2003 at the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond. Ronald E. Carrington, President of Media Consultants Global, Inc. of Richmond, was the director-producer of the video taping and interviewed the interviewees. Historian Dr. Betsy Brinson conducted preliminary oral interviews. The text of the oral history was transcribed by Halasz Reporting and Video, Richmond. Other editing by the staff of Special Collections and Archives, VCU Libraries."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Virginia--Interviews","Civil rights movements--Virginia","Virginia--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with John A. Stokes","Voices of Freedom: videotaped oral histories of leaders of the Civil Rights movement in Virginia"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A6148"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted","This material is protected by copyright, and copyright is held by VCU. You are permitted to use this material in any way that is permitted by copyright. In addition, this material is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is required."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Stokes, John A."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"vrc_voices_38558","title":"Interview with Raymond H. Boone","collection_id":"vrc_voices","collection_title":"Voices of Freedom","dcterms_contributor":["Carrington, Ronald E.","James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives","Virginia Civil Rights Movement Video Initiative","VCU Libraries"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Virginia, 37.54812, -77.44675"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2003-03-21"],"dcterms_description":["Raymond H. Boone, founder, editor and publisher of the Richmond Free Press discussed: the role of education in his life; growing up in Suffolk, Virginia; John Mitchell and the Richmond Planet; the Richmond Afro American; the Frederick Douglass Fellowships (designed to recruit and train black journalists); the role of the black press; Massive Resistance; Housing Opportunities Made Equal (HOME); and Virginia Governor Mills Godwin.","This interview was conducted March 21, 2003 at the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond. Ronald E. Carrington, President of Media Consultants Global, Inc. of Richmond, was the director-producer of the video taping and interviewed the interviewees. Historian Dr. Betsy Brinson conducted preliminary oral interviews. The text of the oral history was transcribed by Halasz Reporting and Video, Richmond. Other editing by the staff in Special Collections and Archives, VCU Libraries."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Virginia--Interviews","Civil rights movements--Virginia","Virginia--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Raymond H. Boone"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A38558"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This material is protected by copyright, and copyright is held by VCU. You are permitted to use this material in any way that is permitted by copyright. In addition, this material is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is required.","In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted"],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["22 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Boone, Raymond H."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"vrc_voices_6147","title":"Interview with Raymond H. Boone","collection_id":"vrc_voices","collection_title":"Voices of Freedom","dcterms_contributor":["Carrington, Ronald E.","James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives","Virginia Civil Rights Movement Video Initiative","VCU Libraries"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Virginia, 37.54812, -77.44675"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2003-03-21"],"dcterms_description":["Raymond H. Boone, founder, editor and publisher of the Richmond Free Press discussed: the role of education in his life; growing up in Suffolk, Virginia; John Mitchell and the Richmond Planet; the Richmond Afro American; the Frederick Douglass Fellowships (designed to recruit and train black journalists); the role of the black press; Massive Resistance; Housing Opportunities Made Equal (HOME); and Virginia Governor Mills Godwin.","This interview was conducted March 21, 2003 at the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond. Ronald E. Carrington, President of Media Consultants Global, Inc. of Richmond, was the director-producer of the video taping and interviewed the interviewees. Historian Dr. Betsy Brinson conducted preliminary oral interviews. The text of the oral history was transcribed by Halasz Reporting and Video, Richmond. Other editing by the staff in Special Collections and Archives, VCU Libraries."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Virginia--Interviews","Civil rights movements--Virginia","Virginia--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Raymond H. Boone","Voices of Freedom: videotaped oral histories of leaders of the Civil Rights movement in Virginia"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A6147"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted","This material is protected by copyright, and copyright is held by VCU. You are permitted to use this material in any way that is permitted by copyright. In addition, this material is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is required."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Boone, Raymond H."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"vrc_voices_38561","title":"Interview with Thomas S. Hardy","collection_id":"vrc_voices","collection_title":"Voices of Freedom","dcterms_contributor":["Carrington, Ronald E.","James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives","Virginia Civil Rights Movement Video Initiative","VCU Libraries"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Virginia, 37.54812, -77.44675"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2003-03-21"],"dcterms_description":["Thomas S. Hardy -- A long time resident of Surry County, Virginia, Mr. Hardy was a shipyard worker and community activist. He discussed the work that he and other activists have pursued in Surry County, Virginia. He also discussed: his life as a Korean War veteran in segregated Virginia; Isle of Wight County, Virginia; Surry Training School; Fort Pickett; Voter registration; the Surry County Improvement Association; the Surry Assembly; the Poll tax; segregation and separation of facilities in the Norfolk Navy Shipyard; the Klu Klux Klan in Surry County; Gerald Poindexter; Don Anderson and political organization.","This interview was conducted March 21, 2003 at the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond. Ronald E. Carrington, President of Media Consultants Global, Inc. of Richmond, was the director-producer of the video taping and interviewed the interviewees. Historian Dr. Betsy Brinson conducted preliminary oral interviews. The text of the oral history was transcribed by Halasz Reporting and Video, Richmond. Other editing by the staff of Special Collections and Archives, VCU Libraries."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Virginia--Interviews","Civil rights movements--Virginia","Virginia--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Thomas S. Hardy"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A38561"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This material is protected by copyright, and copyright is held by VCU. You are permitted to use this material in any way that is permitted by copyright. In addition, this material is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is required.","In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted"],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["31 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Hardy, Thomas S."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":"\r\nto lose your job if you speak out, but it was hard to convince them, but we convinced them to \r\nregister to vote.   \r\n \r\nBut most of the main leaders, like my brother worked at Gordon Meat Packing Plant in \r\nSmithfield, he was supervisor there, but the ones that really worked to overcome Massive \r\nResistance were people that worked outside of the county. They were actually afraid. In fact I \r\ncan attest to the fact that we went to one guy's house that lived on the farm, white man's farm, \r\nand we drove up there, and he knowed we were coming to get him to register to vote, he took off \r\nand ran down through the field. But we finally got him.   \r\n \r\nAnd one of the -- my cousin that's deceased now, David Hardy, he rode with me and he -- he \r\nwould say -- when he drive up to the house, first thing he would do if they had a dog, he loved \r\nthat, he said, has that dog got a tag? And they say, yeah, yeah, it has, Mr. Hardy, it's got a tag. \r\nWe got a tag for the dog. He said, well, you are not registered to vote. Said the dog is more of a \r\ncitizen than you are. And this really got over with them. And after -- then, backing up, David \r\nHardy, he's dead and gone, but he was instrumental in helping us in voter registration.   \r\n \r\nAnd then -- back then we found that you could vote for the justice of the peace. So he rode with \r\nmy wife back in the early sixties, he rode with her night and day, and we -- in Bacon's Castle \r\nDistrict, and we slipped in a write-in vote, she became the first elected official since \r\nreconstruction days. And they couldn't believe this. They said, where did this come from? \r\nBecause all the justice of peace was appointed by the court. And my wife was actually the first \r\n22 \r\nelected black official since reconstruction days. But he rode with her day and night to make sure \r\nshe got enough write-in votes, and the write-in votes weren't easy. But he was really one of the \r\ndriving forces along with Mr. C.C. Pettaway and Mr. Edward Johns, and I can go way back to \r\nsome of the old pioneers that worked with us, but we really had a long struggle, but we kept \r\nfighting until we got where we are.   \r\n \r\nCARRINGTON: What was the connection between Surry County and the national civil rights \r\nmovement?   \r\n \r\nHARDY: No more than the fact that -- like Marin Luther King, I met him one time at Virginia \r\nState College, but we -- Mr. Curtis Harris in Hopewell would come down, he was with the \r\nSouthern Christian Leadership Conference. He would give us a lot of inspiration, but the national \r\nmovement, the only thing I know is the fact they sent the civil rights workers in from the national \r\nmovement that was organized throughout the -- actually, they brought them from the north, and \r\nalmost all of them were white that came in, so that's where we had the affiliation with the \r\nnational movement, they sent civil rights workers in. And we kept in our homes, and like I say \r\nback then, they done as much as they could do but they never got us into the majority, when we \r\nhad the majority population. But they done, they done a lot. They done the grass-roots work.   \r\n \r\nBut as I said before, the Assembly was the organization that really put us on the road because \r\nthey was completely organized. In fact, it organized the whole county.   \r\n \r\n23 \r\nCARRINGTON: When you get a chance to talk to young kids now, today, you know, the civil \r\nrights movement started over 40 years ago --   \r\n \r\nHARDY: Right.   \r\n \r\nCARRINGTON: And there are still things to do today. What would you tell them, what advice \r\nwould you give them to enlighten them to keep the movement going?   \r\n \r\nHARDY: Well, this is the problem we got in Surry now. It really bothers us because they look \r\naround now and say, well, we've got a nice recreation center which we got through the black -- \r\nwhen's the blacks first came in there. Like I told you, recreation was one of our main goals, too. \r\nAnd we have meetings there now, and we have a nice recreation center. And they look around \r\nand they got three modern schools. And I think now they are complacent, and we're having a \r\nhard time now to get the younger people to say, look, you got to look where you came from. And \r\nwe want them to follow in our foot steps to keep Surry, because we used to call it Sorry County, \r\nbut we want it to remain Surry County, but I think a lot of them are getting complacent, they say \r\nwe got what we want, so it's no need of fighting anymore. But I always tell them that history \r\nrepeats itself. If you don't watch out, they will take back over, which I wouldn't have no big \r\nproblem with right now because we have done the things we wanted to do, and I don't think no \r\none can overturn the things that we have accomplished.   \r\n \r\n24 \r\nBut like you said, I am concerned about the younger people, and we are -- in fact, in the last \r\nweek -- we had a couple weeks ago, that was one of the things that we stressed, we got to reach \r\nto the younger people to have them involved in government.   \r\n \r\nCARRINGTON: Let me go back for the moment on that thought. You were working in voter \r\nregistration, and as you know, Medgar Evers in Mississippi was killed. Did you ever have any of \r\nthose type of fears that people in Surry County, the opposition in Surry County would do any \r\nharm to you or your family?   \r\n \r\nHARDY: Oh, yes. Yes. My mother kept telling me, said, you all will get hurt out there. Said, I \r\nam praying every day when you leave and every night when you leave. But one night I was in \r\nNorfolk Naval Shipyard, and my wife called and said they are burning crosses right up from the \r\nhouse and throughout Surry. So it really didn't scare me, but one of them was right at the \r\ncrossroads from my house, and many mornings I would get up and Klu Klux Klan literature was \r\nall over my yard, you know, scattered like they throw it out of the car, but it really didn't scare \r\nme.   \r\n \r\nAnd then we had one fellow the next morning, and went around and gathered every cross that \r\nthey burnt. I think it was four burned in Surry, different places, like Dendron, Virginia, right on \r\ndown. He got all the crosses that they burned, and he went on the courthouse grounds in his \r\ntruck, and he stood there, and I think he had a shotgun, he said, now, please come forward if you \r\n25 \r\nbuilt this cross. Don't be a coward. If you know anybody who built it, please come forward. And \r\nnobody came forward. So we didn't have any more trouble. That was the end of that.   \r\n \r\nCARRINGTON: Do you have any other memorable moments that you want kids to know about \r\nin the struggle in Surry County that brought you guys to where you are today?   \r\n \r\nHARDY: Well, one was the one like I told you when I came back from the service. You know, if \r\nyou go somewhere and fight for your country and be humiliated like that and said we don't serve \r\nblacks, and it is hard to remember -- hard for me to think that when I went to the Norfolk Naval \r\nShipyard they had colored and white drinking fountains, colored and white restrooms, colored \r\nand white cafeterias. And I never forget, I think when -- the Eisenhower administration when all \r\nthat was wiped out, declared unconstitutional, and all the guys in the Naval Yard would say, \r\nwell, today we're going to drink some of the white water, see if it tastes any different, and the \r\nfountains changed.   \r\n \r\nBut I think our children today should be instilled in the fact how far that we have come. And a \r\nlot of them don't realize what we had to go through because they wouldn't think back in the \r\nfifties when I went to Norfolk Naval Shipyard that you had black and white restroom facilities, \r\ndrinking water and cafeteria. They was completely separated. But all that changed over a period \r\nof time, but our younger people need to realize that these things really happened, and I don't \r\nthink they would even think today it ever happened, because today they can go anywhere.   \r\n \r\n26 \r\nBut still, right now, we have got pockets of racial overtures with people that have still got a racial \r\nbias in Surry County, but it's not as many as it used to be, but Surry has come a long ways.   \r\n \r\nBut right now, we're in a fight raising the courthouse now because we want to -- the old \r\ncourthouse, we want to renovate that, and they are fighting us day and night they, they had a \r\nmeeting last night, and I decided I wasn't even going, but it's a white group that formed an \r\norganization, and we got some blacks along with them that they want to throw away all the \r\nplans. And the -- really, the courthouse has to be renovated because it has to meet the handicap, \r\nyou know, regulations that are set down by the federal government, and we wanted to move the \r\nsheriff's department there, but it look like they are going to win that battle and stop us there. But \r\n-- so we still got, you know, an up-hill battle, I guess some of the die-hard whites, because I told \r\nthem not along ago at the board of supervisors meeting, I say, if you -- because going back, in \r\n1981, Ray Peace ran for the 4th District in the county, which was a black voting district. So now, \r\ntoday, he is resigned from the board of supervisors, he's not going to seek re-election, but today \r\nwe have four blacks on the board of supervisors, so we got four districts.   \r\n \r\nBut like I was saying, they are still fighting us up hill to take back the government, and if you \r\ndon't watch, history will repeat itself if we don't, you know keep fighting. But as far as the racial \r\nharmony in the county it has improved at least 75 percent since we took over in 1971.   \r\n \r\nCARRINGTON: Thank you, sir. Anything else?   \r\n \r\n27 \r\n[BEN RAGSDALE ASKED MR. CARRINGTON TO HAVE MR. HARDY DISCUSS THE \r\nHIGH PERCENTAGE OF VOTER REGISTRATION AND VOTING IN SURRY COUNTY]   \r\n \r\nCARRINGTON: Let me ask one question about something. In 1965, right after the Voting \r\nRights Bills, what percentage of blacks in Surry County were registered and then how many \r\nwere registered in 1971 when you'll took office? How much did it increase?   \r\n \r\nHARDY: Well, it increased, I would say, like the the blacks -- it increased about 75 percent, \r\nbecause in 1980 – 1980, we were pointed out by the State of Virginia that we in 1980 during \r\nthe presidential election we out -- we over excelled any county in the State of Virginia with \r\neligible registered voters, over 87 percent of the people in Surry County voted, and that was tops \r\nfor the state. When you got 87 percent, when the average presidential election is about 55 percent \r\nof the people, eligible to vote that go to the polls, we had 87 percent, we were tops. And they \r\noutlined, I think Richmond Times-Dispatch even printed this, we were tops in the state. And \r\neven today we average 65 to 70 percent of our people going to the polls because we are -- back \r\nthen, we had -- we used to keep a list people, and people said, why do you have a list of \r\nregistered voters? But being a small county, like my district, Bacon's Castle, we would have a list \r\nof every black voter in Bacon's Castle, and as they came to the polls, we would check them off. \r\nWe had poll watchers that stayed all day, and we would check them off. They would say, why do \r\nyou have this list? We said, because 6:00 o'clock -- polls close at 7:00 o'clock. We said 6:00 \r\no'clock, we are going to start sending cars to get those people that haven't showed up, and that's \r\nwhat made us successful.   \r\n28 \r\n \r\nAnd we would do that, and like I said, I would think right now that we got probably 80 percent \r\nof the blacks in Surry County registered to vote because, you know, we started out with voter \r\nregistration, but then you had to have voter education. You had to actually teach them we had \r\npaper ballots you had to actually teach them how to mark those ballots. And we had sample \r\nballots, and we would tell people to take these ballots into the polls with you, we would mark it, \r\nbecause they come us to, say, who are you all supporting? They would look right to us, and so \r\nwhoever we supported they supported.   \r\n \r\nThen when they got the voting machines, we had the ballot which showed how to pull the lever, \r\nand we would tell them, pull the lever for this one, and so you take this ballot in there and we \r\nhad the levers turned over to who we supported.   \r\n \r\nSo all this worked really because, like I said, voter registration without voter education, you are \r\nright back where you started from. They would go in there and vote for the wrong person.   \r\n \r\nCARRINGTON: I need you to restate what Mr. Ragsdale said about voter registration, that when \r\nthe law came down and said [inaudible.] How big was the increase...?   \r\n \r\nHARDY: We went from, like I said, we started this movement from Surry County Improvement \r\nAssociation to the Assembly, we went from at least 20 percent of blacks registered to vote, \r\nwhich a poll tax was -- we went from at least 20 percent to about 70 percent of the eligible blacks \r\n29 \r\nthat were registered -- that were eligible to vote, we went to about 70 percent, and I would say \r\ntoday we're probably 80 percent of the blacks in Surry County are registered to vote, which I \r\nthink is a good percentage.   \r\n \r\nCARRINGTON: Oh, yes.   \r\n \r\nRAGSDALE : I had one follow-up question. Mr. Hardy, the black majority has run Surry County \r\nfor 32 years now, and your experiences has been very unique. What do you think you can say to \r\nyour neighbors, your fellow Virginians and to your fellow Americans about the lessons which \r\nyou have learned from your experiences?   \r\n \r\nHARDY: Well, it has -- I can say it has been a learning experience, and I'd say that we as blacks, \r\nwe should exercise our voting rights at the polls, come what will what may if we have the \r\nmajority, we put our people in office, but we shall always remember that all factions have to \r\nwork together, both races have to work together to make the county more a place of harmony to \r\nlive and work together as people, and I can say that we've always put God first, because prayer \r\nanswers everything, like my mother used to say, and I think that's what brought us where we are \r\ntoday. And I still say, racial harmony is the bottom line. We should not look upon each other \r\nbecause of race, creed or color. 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