{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"csu_afro_2010","title":"Williams, Robert E.: 1968","collection_id":"csu_afro","collection_title":"Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","dcterms_contributor":["Cole, Joseph E."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, 41.4995, -81.69541"],"dcterms_creator":["Tomsic, Tony"],"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["City Editor \u0026 Columnist, Cleveland Call \u0026 Post. Columnist, Reporter, Cleveland Press, 1968-77. Member, Draft Board 21, (1968-)","Journalism -- Government -- African Americans -- Reporters -- Cleveland Call \u0026 Post -- Cleveland Press -- Draft"],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Cleveland Press, Nov. 24, 1971","Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","Cleveland State University. Michael Schwartz Library. Special Collections.","Cleveland Press"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Political activists","Civil rights","Cleveland (Ohio)"],"dcterms_title":["Williams, Robert E.: 1968"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Michael Schwartz Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://clevelandmemory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/afro/id/2010"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1990"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["http://www.clevelandmemory.org/copyright/"],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["7 x 5 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Williams, Robert E., 1909-1977","Williams, Bob"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"csu_afro_1774","title":"Williams, Robert E.: 1968","collection_id":"csu_afro","collection_title":"Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","dcterms_contributor":["Cole, Joseph E."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, 41.4995, -81.69541"],"dcterms_creator":["Toppelstein, Paul"],"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["City Editor \u0026 columnist, Call and Post. Columnist, reporter, Cleveland Press, 1968-77. Member, Draft Board 21 (1968-)","Journalism -- Government -- African Americans -- Call and Post -- Cleveland Press -- Reporters -- Draft"],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Cleveland Press, Nov. 24, 1971","Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","Cleveland State University. Michael Schwartz Library. Special Collections.","Cleveland Press"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Political activists","Civil rights","Cleveland (Ohio)"],"dcterms_title":["Williams, Robert E.: 1968"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Michael Schwartz Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://clevelandmemory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/afro/id/1774"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1990"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["http://www.clevelandmemory.org/copyright/"],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["4 x 78 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Williams, Robert E., 1909-1977"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"csu_afro_1800","title":"Williams, Robert E.: 1968","collection_id":"csu_afro","collection_title":"Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","dcterms_contributor":["Cole, Joseph E."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, 41.4995, -81.69541"],"dcterms_creator":["Tomsic, Tony"],"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["City Editor \u0026 columnist, Call and Post. Columnist, reporter, Cleveland Press, 1968-77. Member, Draft Board 21 (1968-)","Journalism -- Government -- African Americans -- Call and Post -- Cleveland Press -- Reporters -- Draft"],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Cleveland Press, Nov. 24, 1971","Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","Cleveland State University. Michael Schwartz Library. Special Collections.","Cleveland Press"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Political activists","Civil rights","Cleveland (Ohio)"],"dcterms_title":["Williams, Robert E.: 1968"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Michael Schwartz Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://clevelandmemory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/afro/id/1800"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1990"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["http://www.clevelandmemory.org/copyright/"],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["7 x 9 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Williams, Robert E., 1909-1977","Toth, Edward"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"csu_afro_2033","title":"Williams, Robert E.: 1968","collection_id":"csu_afro","collection_title":"Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","dcterms_contributor":["Cole, Joseph E."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, 41.4995, -81.69541"],"dcterms_creator":["Toppelstein, Paul"],"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["City Editor \u0026 Columnist, Cleveland Call \u0026 Post. Columnist, reporter, Cleveland Press, 1968-77. Member, Draft Board 21 (1968-).","Journalism -- Government -- African Americans -- Reporters -- Cleveland Call \u0026 Post -- Cleveland Press -- Draft"],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Cleveland Press, Nov. 24, 1971","Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","Cleveland State University. Michael Schwartz Library. Special Collections.","Cleveland Press"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Political activists","Civil rights","Cleveland (Ohio)"],"dcterms_title":["Williams, Robert E.: 1968"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Michael Schwartz Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://clevelandmemory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/afro/id/2033"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1990"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["http://www.clevelandmemory.org/copyright/"],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["4 x 6 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Williams, Robert E., 1909-1977","Williams, Bob"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"csu_afro_1843","title":"Williams, Stafford: 1968","collection_id":"csu_afro","collection_title":"Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","dcterms_contributor":["Cole, Joseph E."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, 41.4995, -81.69541"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["Director, Association for Community Development Corp.","Community -- African Americans -- Association for Community Development Corp."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Cleveland Press, June 5, 1974","Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","Cleveland State University. Michael Schwartz Library. Special Collections.","Cleveland Press"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Political activists","Civil rights","Cleveland (Ohio)"],"dcterms_title":["Williams, Stafford: 1968"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Michael Schwartz Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://clevelandmemory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/afro/id/1843"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1990"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["http://www.clevelandmemory.org/copyright/"],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["3 x 3 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Williams, Stafford"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"csu_afro_1480","title":"Wills, J. Walter, Sr.: 1968","collection_id":"csu_afro","collection_title":"Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","dcterms_contributor":["Cole, Joseph E."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, 41.4995, -81.69541"],"dcterms_creator":["Seid, Herman"],"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["Founder \u0026 director, House of Wills. Founder, Cleveland Branch, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.","Business -- Community -- African Americans -- House of Wills -- Funeral Homes and Funeral Practices"],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Cleveland State University. Michael Schwartz Library. Special Collections.","Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","Cleveland Press"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Political activists","Civil rights","Cleveland (Ohio)"],"dcterms_title":["Wills, J. Walter, Sr.: 1968"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Michael Schwartz Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://clevelandmemory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/afro/id/1480"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1990"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["http://www.clevelandmemory.org/copyright/"],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["8 x 10 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Wills, J. Walter, Sr., 1874-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ndd_wia","title":"Women-In-Action for the Prevention of Violence and Its Causes, Inc. Durham chapter records, 1968-1998","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1968/1998"],"dcterms_description":["Collection of correspondence, by-laws, meeting agendas and minutes, budgets, articles of incorporation belonging to this non-profit, interracial organization founded in Durham, N.C. in September 1968; Elna Spaulding was the organization's founder and first president. Also includes information about the organization's relationship to the Women In Action Foundation of Durham, N.C. The collection documents the organization's involvement in the Durham community on a variety of issues, including easing racial tensions; facilitating court ordered school integration in 1970; providing for the recreational and cultural needs of disadvantaged youth; and establishing a clearinghouse to offer information and referral services to Durham citizens for a variety of social problems."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":null,"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Women-In-Action for the Prevention of Violence and Its Causes, Inc.","Women-In-Action for the Prevention of Violence and Its Causes, Inc., Durham Chapter (Durham, N.C.)","African Americans--Durham (N.C.)--History","African Americans--North Carolina--History","Segregation in education--North Carolina--Durham","School integration--North Carolina--Durham","Youth--Services for--North Carolina--Durham","Social service--North Carolina--Durham--Societies, etc.","Race relations","North Carolina--Race relations","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","Durham (N.C.)--History"],"dcterms_title":["Women-In-Action for the Prevention of Violence and Its Causes, Inc. Durham chapter records, 1968-1998"],"dcterms_type":["InteractiveResource"],"dcterms_provenance":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/wia/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["web sites"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Spaulding, Elna B. (Elna Bridgeforth)"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"csu_afro_1879","title":"Woods, Artha: 1968","collection_id":"csu_afro","collection_title":"Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","dcterms_contributor":["Cole, Joseph E."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, 41.4995, -81.69541"],"dcterms_creator":["Reed, Frank"],"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["Member, Cleveland City Council, Ward 18. Co-founder, Artha-Jon Cultural Foundation. National President, Modeling Association of America. Coummunity Relations Specialist, Ohio Bell Telephone.","Government -- Business -- African Americans -- Cleveland City Council -- City council members -- Councilwomen -- Artha-Jon Cultural Foundation -- Modeling Association of America -- Ohio Bell Telephone"],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Plain Dealer, Jan. 5, 1979","Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","Cleveland State University. Michael Schwartz Library. Special Collections.","Cleveland Press"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Political activists","Civil rights","Cleveland (Ohio)"],"dcterms_title":["Woods, Artha: 1968"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Michael Schwartz Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://clevelandmemory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/afro/id/1879"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1990"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["http://www.clevelandmemory.org/copyright/"],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["4 x 6 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Woods, Artha, 1919-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"csu_afro_1682","title":"Woods, Artha M.: 1968","collection_id":"csu_afro","collection_title":"Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","dcterms_contributor":["Cole, Joseph E."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, 41.4995, -81.69541"],"dcterms_creator":["Dillard, Van"],"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["Member, Cleveland City Council, Ward 18. Co-founder, Artha-Jon Academy. Manager, Public Relations Dept., Ohio Bell Telephone. Member, Board, Urban League.","Government -- Business -- African Americans -- Cleveland City Council -- Artha-Jon Academy -- Ohio Bell Telephone -- Urban League"],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Plain Dealer, Jan. 5, 1979","Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","Cleveland State University. Michael Schwartz Library. Special Collections.","Cleveland Press"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Political activists","Civil rights","Cleveland (Ohio)"],"dcterms_title":["Woods, Artha M.: 1968"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Michael Schwartz Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://clevelandmemory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/afro/id/1682"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1990"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["http://www.clevelandmemory.org/copyright/"],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["6 x 9 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Woods, Artha, 1919-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aar_wsfa_1324","title":"WSFA audiovisual item D132.0002","collection_id":"aar_wsfa","collection_title":"WSFA Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, 32.75041, -86.75026"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["The following segments are included: 0:00:01: Mass meeting of white adults (mostly men) at a church in Montgomery, Alabama. As the footage is silent, the subject of the gathering is unclear, but in one clip men are lined up at the front of the auditorium, where an office desk has been placed on the dais. 0:00:25: Christmas Seals X-ray Unit bus of the Montgomery County Tuberculosis and Health Association screening adults in at Court Square in downtown Montgomery. The footage is silent. 0:01:34: Meeting at the U.S. Naval Reserve recruitment office in Montgomery. The footage is silent. 0:02:26: Governor Albert Brewer speaking at a press conference on November 14, 1968. He discusses his continued desire to abolish teacher tenure in the state, despite the recent recommendation from an Alabama Education Study Commission committee that the system be kept in place. 0:04:00: Senator Joe Goodwyn and Governor Albert Brewer greeting a group of visitors at the Capitol. (E. D. Nixon appears to be among the group.) The footage is silent. 0:05:34: Interview with a representative of the National Urban League during a day-long conference sponsored by the organization at Alabama State College in Montgomery on November 14, 1968. He is seated under a sign that reads \"Birmingham Urban League / National Urban League\" (Birmingham had the only official chapter of the League in the state). 0:08:13: Governor Albert Brewer speaking about his proposal to desire teacher tenure at a press conference on November 14. 0:09:46: Interview with a representative of the National Urban League during a conference at Alabama State College on November 14."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Montgomery, Ala. : Alabama Department of Archives and History"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["WSFA-TV (Television station : Montgomery, Ala.)","WSFA collection","Box D132, Item 0002"],"dcterms_subject":["Alabama State Capitol (Montgomery, Ala.)","African Americans","Buses","Civil rights workers","Education","Governors--Alabama","Journalists","Legislators--Alabama","Medical supplies","Armed Forces--Officers","Organization","Political science","Radiography","Sailors","Tuberculosis","Montgomery (Ala.)","Montgomery County (Ala.)"],"dcterms_title":["WSFA audiovisual item D132.0002"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Alabama. Department of Archives and History"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digital.archives.alabama.gov/cdm/ref/collection/wsfa/id/1324"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1969"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Copyright, Alabama Department of Archives and History. Donated by WSFA, https://www.wsfa.com."],"dcterms_medium":["color films (visual works)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Brewer, Albert P., 1928-2017","Goodwyn, Otis James, 1920-1973","Nixon, Edgar Daniel"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aar_wsfa_1310","title":"WSFA audiovisual item D170.0002","collection_id":"aar_wsfa","collection_title":"WSFA Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, 32.75041, -86.75026"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["The following segments are included: 0:00:01: Representative Pete Turnham speaking in February 1968 about a potential ad valorem tax increase that could add millions of dollars to the Education Trust Fund: \"I don't think personally that we ought to start considering any less than a $100 million increase for education because that would be about what it would take to bring us up to the southeastern average and, of course, we've got to stay at that point are we're going to lose our good teachers and a lot of our other trained personnel that we spent tax money to train and that wouldn't be good economy.\" 0:01:20: Press conference in Atlanta Georgia, on February 14, 1968, during which presidential candidate George Wallace named Governor Marvin Griffin as his running mate. 0:04:49: Elizabeth Wright and Mayor Earl James speaking at a meeting of Downtown Unlimited at the Jefferson Davis Hotel in Montgomery on February 19, 1968. During her remarks, Wright (the director of the Urban Redevelopment Agency) announces the hiring of the firm Management Service of America to oversee the urban renewal project at Court Square downtown. 0:07:24: Press conference by Governor Albert Brewer in June 1968, in which he discusses a controversy involving asphalt contracts for state government agencies (specifically, a lawsuit filed by the Waugh Asphalt Company alleging purchasing misconduct by state officials); a fund drive to raise money for a memorial to former governor Lurleen Wallace; and recent federal resistance to school choice as an alternative to straightforward integration: \" . . . the court seem to take this position that freedom of choice is all right if you get the results we want if you don't, then find something else, but whatever you use find a system that will satisfy us . . . if you don't get the right social results from one particular plan, then the court says we're going to put something else on you. This is, this is not freedom of choice. There's nothing Democratic about it. It's completely repugnant to the idea that we've operated under for three years now in the Alabama school systems by local boards.\" 0:12:00: Ralph Abernathy delivering the commencement address during the Alabama State College graduation on May 31, 1968. (The footage is silent.) 0:12:33: Bill Jones, aide to George Wallace, speaking at a press conference at the Jefferson Davis Hotel in Montgomery in June 1968. He announces the resumption of Wallace's presidential campaign after the death of Lurleen. 0:13:43: Joe Reed announcing his endorsement of Hubert Humphrey for president during a press conference on May 30, 1968. Reed was one of two African Americans in Alabama's delegation to the Democratic National Convention. 0:14:24: Joe Reed delivering the commencement address during the Alabama State College Laboratory High School graduation on May 30, 1968. During his speech, Reed discusses insufficient education funding and accreditation in Alabama, particularly for African American students: \". . . as young citizens of this state who are about to take on the responsibility of adulthood, it will be your responsibility to join in the fight to make this state more responsive to the needs of its citizens. You must commit your hearts, your talents, and every act to the task of guaranteeing every child the opportunity to master his talents, undiluted by economic circumstances and unhindered by facial complexion.\" 0:16:02: Governor Claude Kirk of Florida speaking about George Wallace's presidential campaign during a press conference in July 1968. Kirk, who aspired to be a Republican vice-presidential candidate that year, also discusses a recent visit he made to Alabama to talk with voters there. 0:17:31: Governor Albert Brewer addressing a meeting a school principals at Alabama State College in Montgomery on July 29, 1968. During the speech, Brewer presents a list of recommended changes to the state's educational system, including the abolishment of tenure; a reevaluation of standards for teacher qualification; changing the salary structure to reward \"professional competence\" more than \"scholastic attainment\"; and the reduction of \"waste and inefficiency.\" 0:19:27: Joe Reed, executive secretary of the Alabama State Teachers Association, speaking at a press conference in Montgomery on July 30, 1968. During his remarks, Reed responds to Governor Albert Brewer's proposal to abolish teacher tenure in the state: \"The Alabama State Teachers Association was appalled, shocked, and dismayed that the governor proposed to upgrade education in Alabama by removing the teacher tenure law. We feel that this proposal is more detrimental to the cause of education than the inadequate salary schedules, the ill-equipped classrooms, and the gross inefficiencies, along with the multiplicity of other problems which are choking this state educationally.\" (The footage is out-of-focus.) 0:20:11: Joe Reed speaking about the proposed branch of Auburn University in Montgomery during a press conference on July 30, 1968. Reed explains that the Alabama State Teachers Association plans to appeal a federal court decision that would have allowed the sale of state bonds to pay for construction, maintaining that the new school would promote further segregation in higher education. 0:23:45: George Wallace announcing his candidacy for president during a press conference at the Sheraton Park Hotel in Washington D.C. on February 8, 1968. He discusses the challenges of running and financing a national campaign, as well as the health and support of his wife, Governor Lurleen Wallace. Also included is a footage of a brief interview with Wallace by WSFA-TV's Charles Caton while they were traveling back to Alabama via airplane. The segment ends with report on third-party politics and Wallace's campaign, delivered by Caton in front the of the U.S. Capitol at night. 0:29:47: George Wallace announcing his preferred candidates for presidential electors during a press conference at the Jefferson Davis Hotel in Montgomery on February 8, 1968. The following individuals are named: Maryon Allen, wife of former Lieutenant Governor Jim Allen; Mary Jane Selden, wife of Congressman Armistead Selden; Secretary of State Mabel Amos; Treasurer Agnes Baggett; Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries Richard Beard; Lieutenant Governor Albert Brewer; Attorney General MacDonald Gallion; Frank Mizell of Montgomery; District Attorney Earl Morgan of Jefferson County; and Superintendent of Education Ernest Stone. (During the event, he also announced his candidacy for president, though that footage is not included here.) 0:32:39: George Wallace speaking at a press conference at the Sheraton Park Hotel in Washington D.C. on February 8, 1968. In this segment, he discusses Lurleen Wallace's cancer treatments and asserts that he made his campaign announcement \"upon her insistence.\" (During the event, he also announced his candidacy for president, though that footage is not included here.) 0:34:17: George Wallace speaking at a press conference at the Jefferson Davis Hotel in Montgomery on February 8, 1968. In this segment, he announces the resignations of several state officials who will be working on his campaign: Ed Ewing, governor's press secretary; Stan Sikes, governor's recording secretary; John DeCarlo, executive assistant at the Alabama State Banking Department; Joe Fine, executive assistant at the Alabama Department of Insurance; and Lane Brislin, executive assistant at the Alabama State Docks. In addition, two of his support staff would keep their positions but go off the state payroll for the duration of the campaign: Seymore Trammell, finance director, and Cecil Jackson, governor's executive secretary. Wallace also somewhat jokingly assures the journalists that he will remain Governor Lurleen Wallace's \"number one advisor.\""],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Montgomery, Ala. : Alabama Department of Archives and History"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["WSFA-TV (Television station : Montgomery, Ala.)","WSFA collection","Box D170, Item 0002"],"dcterms_subject":["Alabama State College","Alabama State University","Auburn University at Montgomery","African Americans--Civil rights","African Americans--Education","African Americans--Employment","African Americans--Political activity","Business","City planning","Civil rights workers","Education","Government officials--Alabama","Governors--Alabama","Governors--Florida","Governors--Georgia","Commencement ceremonies","Journalists","Legislators--Alabama","Legislators--United States","Mayors--Alabama--Montgomery","Political campaigns","Political science","School principals","Students","Universities and colleges","Urban renewal","Montgomery (Ala.)","Montgomery County (Ala.)"],"dcterms_title":["WSFA audiovisual item D170.0002"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Alabama. Department of Archives and History"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digital.archives.alabama.gov/cdm/ref/collection/wsfa/id/1310"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1969"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Copyright, Alabama Department of Archives and History. Donated by WSFA, https://www.wsfa.com."],"dcterms_medium":["color films (visual works)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Allen, James B. (James Browning), 1912-1978","Allen, Maryon Pittman, 1925-2018","Amos, Mabel, 1900-1999","Baggett, Agnes, 1905-1992","Beard, Richard, 1903-1972","Brewer, Albert P., 1928-2017","Ewing, Ed","Gallion, McDonald, 1913-2007","Griffin, Marvin, 1907-1982","James, Earl D.","Kirk, Claude R., 1926-2011","Mizell, Frank J.","Morgan, Earl C.","Reed, Joe L.","Selden, Armistead I., Jr.","Smith, Elizabeth Hobbie Wright, 1924-2012","Stone, Ernest, 1910-1989","Turnham, Pete Benton","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998","Wallace, Lurleen, 1926-1968"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":"\n  \n\n \n\n   \n\n \n\n \n\n   \n\n \n\n   \n\n \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\nThe following segments are included: 0:00:01: Representative Pete Turnham speaking in February 1968 about a potential ad valorem tax increase that could add millions of dollars to the Education Trust Fund: \"I don't think personally that we ought to start considering any less than a $100 million increase for education because that would be about what it would take to bring us up to the southeastern average and, of course, we've got to stay at that point are we're going to lose our good teachers and a lot of our other trained personnel that we spent tax money to train and that wouldn't be good economy.\" 0:01:20: Press conference in Atlanta Georgia, on February 14, 1968, during which presidential candidate George Wallace named Governor Marvin Griffin as his running mate. 0:04:49: Elizabeth Wright and Mayor Earl James speaking at a meeting of Downtown Unlimited at the Jefferson Davis Hotel in Montgomery on February 19, 1968. During her remarks, Wright (the director of the Urban Redevelopment Agency) announces the hiring of the firm Management Service of America to oversee the urban renewal project at Court Square downtown. 0:07:24: Press conference by Governor Albert Brewer in June 1968, in which he discusses a controversy involving asphalt contracts for state government agencies (specifically, a lawsuit filed by the Waugh Asphalt Company alleging purchasing misconduct by state officials); a fund drive to raise money for a memorial to former governor Lurleen Wallace; and recent federal resistance to school choice as an alternative to straightforward integration: \" . . . the court seem to take this position that freedom of choice is all right if you get the results we want if you don't, then find something else, but whatever you use find a system that will satisfy us . . . if you don't get the right social results from one particular plan, then the court says we're going to put something else on you. This is, this is not freedom of choice. There's nothing Democratic about it. It's completely repugnant to the idea that we've operated under for three years now in the Alabama school systems by local boards.\" 0:12:00: Ralph Abernathy delivering the commencement address during the Alabama State College graduation on May 31, 1968. (The footage is silent.) 0:12:33: Bill Jones, aide to George Wallace, speaking at a press conference at the Jefferson Davis Hotel in Montgomery in June 1968. He announces the resumption of Wallace's presidential campaign after the death of Lurleen. 0:13:43: Joe Reed announcing his endorsement of Hubert Humphrey for president during a press conference on May 30, 1968. Reed was one of two African Americans in Alabama's delegation to the Democratic National Convention. 0:14:24: Joe Reed delivering the commencement address during the Alabama State College Laboratory High School graduation on May 30, 1968. During his speech, Reed discusses insufficient education funding and accreditation in Alabama, particularly for African American students: \". . . as young citizens of this state who are about to take on the responsibility of adulthood, it will be your responsibility to join in the fight to make this state more responsive to the needs of its citizens. You must commit your hearts, your talents, and every act to the task of guaranteeing every child the opportunity to master his talents, undiluted by economic circumstances and unhindered by facial complexion.\" 0:16:02: Governor Claude Kirk of Florida speaking about George Wallace's presidential campaign during a press conference in July 1968. Kirk, who aspired to be a Republican vice-presidential candidate that year, also discusses a recent visit he made to Alabama to talk with voters there. 0:17:31: Governor Albert Brewer addressing a meeting a school principals at Alabama State College in Montgomery on July 29, 1968. During the speech, Brewer presents a list of recommended changes to the state's educational system, including the abolishment of tenure; a reevaluation of standards for teacher qualification; changing the salary structure to reward \"professional competence\" more than \"scholastic attainment\"; and the reduction of \"waste and inefficiency.\" 0:19:27: Joe Reed, executive secretary of the Alabama State Teachers Association, speaking at a press conference in Montgomery on July 30, 1968. During his remarks, Reed responds to Governor Albert Brewer's proposal to abolish teacher tenure in the state: \"The Alabama State Teachers Association was appalled, shocked, and dismayed that the governor proposed to upgrade education in Alabama by removing the teacher tenure law. We feel that this proposal is more detrimental to the cause of education than the inadequate salary schedules, the ill-equipped classrooms, and the gross inefficiencies, along with the multiplicity of other problems which are choking this state educationally.\" (The footage is out-of-focus.) 0:20:11: Joe Reed speaking about the proposed branch of Auburn University in Montgomery during a press conference on July 30, 1968. Reed explains that the Alabama State Teachers Association plans to appeal a federal court decision that would have allowed the sale of state bonds to pay for construction, maintaining that the new school would promote further segregation in higher education. 0:23:45: George Wallace announcing his candidacy for president during a press conference at the Sheraton Park Hotel in Washington D.C. on February 8, 1968. He discusses the challenges of running and financing a national campaign, as well as the health and support of his wife, Governor Lurleen Wallace. Also included is a footage of a brief interview with Wallace by WSFA-TV's Charles Caton while they were traveling back to Alabama via airplane. The segment ends with report on third-party politics and Wallace's campaign, delivered by Caton in front the of the U.S. Capitol at night. 0:29:47: George Wallace announcing his preferred candidates for presidential electors during a press conference at the Jefferson Davis Hotel in Montgomery on February 8, 1968. The following individuals are named: Maryon Allen, wife of former Lieutenant Governor Jim Allen; Mary Jane Selden, wife of Congressman Armistead Selden; Secretary of State Mabel Amos; Treasurer Agnes Baggett; Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries Richard Beard; Lieutenant Governor Albert Brewer; Attorney General MacDonald Gallion; Frank Mizell of Montgomery; District Attorney Earl Morgan of Jefferson County; and Superintendent of Education Ernest Stone. (During the event, he also announced his candidacy for president, though that footage is not included here.) 0:32:39: George Wallace speaking at a press conference at the Sheraton Park Hotel in Washington D.C. on February 8, 1968. In this segment, he discusses Lurleen Wallace's cancer treatments and asserts that he made his campaign announcement \"upon her insistence.\" (During the event, he also announced his candidacy for president, though that footage is not included here.) 0:34:17: George Wallace speaking at a press conference at the Jefferson Davis Hotel in Montgomery on February 8, 1968. In this segment, he announces the resignations of several state officials who will be working on his campaign: Ed Ewing, governor's press secretary; Stan Sikes, governor's recording secretary; John DeCarlo, executive assistant at the Alabama State Banking Department; Joe Fine, executive assistant at the Alabama Department of Insurance; and Lane Brislin, executive assistant at the Alabama State Docks. In addition, two of his support staff would keep their positions but go off the state payroll for the duration of the campaign: Seymore Trammell, finance director, and Cecil Jackson, governor's executive secretary. Wallace also somewhat jokingly assures the journalists that he will remain Governor Lurleen Wallace's \"number one advisor.\"\n   \n\n  \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   "},{"id":"aar_wsfa_1304","title":"WSFA audiovisual item D178.0002","collection_id":"aar_wsfa","collection_title":"WSFA Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, 32.75041, -86.75026"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["The following segments are included: 0:00:01: George Wallace visiting Chicago and Cicero, Illinois, on September 30, 1968, during his presidential campaign. 0:03:32: George Wallace visiting Jackson and Flint, Michigan, on October 1, 1968, during his presidential campaign. A significant number of protesters are among the rally attendees; one of them (at 0:04:19) holds a marked-up campaign sign that has been edited to read, \"It Takes Ignorance / Wallace Has It! Do You? Stand Up for America?\" and features a hand-drawn swastika and an image of Wallace with a mustache and hairstyle like Adolph Hitler's. 0:07:23: Curtis Lemay speaking at news conference in Montgomery, Alabama, while in town for a Republican fundraiser at the Jefferson Davis Hotel on September 16, 1967. 0:10:07: Secretary of State Mabel Amos explaining why she had denied candidates from the National Democratic Party of Alabama (NDPA) a position on the ballot in the upcoming election. (She does, however, mention that she allowed William McKinley Branch to run for U.S. Congress from the 5th District.) The interview was filmed on September 10, 1968. 0:11:45: John Cashin, chairman of the National Democratic Party of Alabama (NDPA), speaking at a meeting at Oak Street AME Zion Church in Montgomery on September 11, 1968. He discusses the recent decision by Secretary of State Mabel Amos to deny most NDPA candidates a place on the ballot in the upcoming election. (Richard Boone is speaking at the beginning of the clip, though the footage is silent.) 0:13:09: Governor Albert Brewer visiting Lanier High School in Lanett, Alabama, on September 12, 1968. Principal L. B. Sykes led the tour, which was also attended by Charles Snell, state representative from Chambers County, and Floyd Mann, director of public safety. A recent federal court order on school integration had mandated that the following year, Lanier would be converted to an elementary school serving both white and black students. (For more photographs of the school, see https://digital.archives.alabama.gov/digital/collection/photo/id/45907.) 0:17:02: John Cashin, chairman of the National Democratic Party of Alabama (NDPA), speaking at a meeting at Oak Street AME Zion Church in Montgomery on September 11, 1968. He expresses optimism that the party will be represented on the ballot in the upcoming election (despite recent rejections by the secretary of state), and he encourages attendees to vote for NDPA candidates: \"If you will get as many people as possible among your friends and in your acquaintances to vote that straight Democratic ticket under that American Eagle, you will be casting your vote for freedom and change in the state of Alabama. And not only in the state of Alabama, but this message will get across all over the South and all over the country that we here in the heart of Wallace Land, that we dare to stand and say and cast the vote for decency, for change, against racism, against divisive politics, against setting brother against brother, white against black, rich against poor. If you will do this in November, next we may change the United States, too, and the world. It can come from Alabama. George Wallace is not the only thing we can export.\" 0:19:18: Joe Reed, executive secretary of the Alabama State Teachers Association, addressing an audience Alabama State College in September 1968 (possibly the annual ASTA-NEA Fall Leadership Conference). He expresses his opposition to Governor Albert Brewer's recent proposal to abolish teacher tenure in the state. 0:22:45: WSFA-TV's George Mitchell interviewing Dr. T. C. Nolan Montgomery in February or March 1968. The discuss the city's plan to address the shortage of emergency room facilities and staff, which had been handled by sharing such responsibilities among the city's hospitals. Nolan was chairman of the Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce's Health Committee that was examining the issue; during the interview, he explains that St. Jude's Catholic Hospital will now be included in the rotation. 0:24:40: Frank Lee, state prison commissioner, announcing the desegregation of Alabama penal institutions during a press conference on March 19, 1968. The move came after the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a federal court order mandating the integration, which was issued the previous year. WSFA-TV's George Mitchell is among the reporters present. 0:27:03: WSFA-TV's Bob Inman interviewing former Attorney General Richmond Flowers in February 1968. They discuss the upcoming presidential election (and George Wallace's campaign in particular) and his plans to run for governor in 1970. 0:29:30: Mayor George Seibels of Birmingham, Alabama, addressing a meeting of the Montgomery Kiwanis Club at the Whitley Hotel on June 11, 1968. 0:33:55: Governor Brewer speaking at his weekly press conference on June 12, 1968. He expresses his opposition to federal gun control laws, and he defends freedom of choice as a viable method for achieving school integration in the state. 0:37:23 Governor Albert Brewer defending the state merit system against accusations of discrimination during a press conference on June 13, 1968: \"We're going to continue to meet any effort, regardless of the source, to tear apart our merit system, especially if such efforts are made to give to anyone preferred treatment rather than equal treatment. Our merit system rule regarding the selection of employees is the same as the federal civil service system rule, and I can only feel that this lawsuit is an attempt to force the state to hire our employees on some basis other than merit. Our merit system was set up to prevent political pressures from interfering with the hiring and promotion of state employees. We intend to defend it against this unwarranted attack.\" 0:38:54: Governor Albert Brewer speaking at a press conference on June 17, 1968, during the Southern Governor's Conference in Charleston, South Carolina. He expresses his continued support for George Wallace in the presidential campaign and discusses his own views on race in response to a question about Wallace's stance: \"I would class myself I think as a segregationist like all southerners who've been in politics through the years. I first entered in 1954 and have come up through the ranks. I am not a racist and I do not consider him to be a racist.\""],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Montgomery, Ala. : Alabama Department of Archives and History"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["WSFA-TV (Television station : Montgomery, Ala.)","WSFA collection","Box D178, Item 0002"],"dcterms_subject":["National Democratic Party of Alabama","African Americans--Education","African Americans--Employment","African Americans--Political activity","Civil rights workers","Classrooms","Education","Gun control","Government officials--Alabama","Governors--Alabama","Journalists","Police","Legislators--Alabama","Organization","Physicians","Political campaigns","Political science","Race relations--Alabama","School principals","Schools","Swimming pools","Teachers","Lanett (Ala.)","Chambers County (Ala.)","Montgomery (Ala.)","Montgomery County (Ala.)","Chicago (Ill.)","Cicero (Ill.)","Flint (Mich.)","Jackson (Mich.)","Charleston (S.C.)"],"dcterms_title":["WSFA audiovisual item D178.0002"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Alabama. Department of Archives and History"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digital.archives.alabama.gov/cdm/ref/collection/wsfa/id/1304"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1969"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Copyright, Alabama Department of Archives and History. Donated by WSFA, https://www.wsfa.com."],"dcterms_medium":["color films (visual works)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Amos, Mabel, 1900-1999","Boone, Richard C., 1937-2013","Brewer, Albert P., 1928-2017","Cashin, John L. (John Logan), 1928-2011","Flowers, Richmond, 1918-2007","Inman, Bob, 1920-","Lee, A. Frank","LeMay, Curtis E.","Mann, Floyd, 1920-1996","Nolan, T. C.","Reed, Joe L.","Seibels, George Goldthwaite, 1913-2000","Snell, Charles Sherman, 1920-","Sykes, L. B.","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":"\n  \n\n \n\n   \n\n \n\n \n\n   \n\n \n\n   \n\n \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\nThe following segments are included: 0:00:01: George Wallace visiting Chicago and Cicero, Illinois, on September 30, 1968, during his presidential campaign. 0:03:32: George Wallace visiting Jackson and Flint, Michigan, on October 1, 1968, during his presidential campaign. A significant number of protesters are among the rally attendees; one of them (at 0:04:19) holds a marked-up campaign sign that has been edited to read, \"It Takes Ignorance / Wallace Has It! Do You? Stand Up for America?\" and features a hand-drawn swastika and an image of Wallace with a mustache and hairstyle like Adolph Hitler's. 0:07:23: Curtis Lemay speaking at news conference in Montgomery, Alabama, while in town for a Republican fundraiser at the Jefferson Davis Hotel on September 16, 1967. 0:10:07: Secretary of State Mabel Amos explaining why she had denied candidates from the National Democratic Party of Alabama (NDPA) a position on the ballot in the upcoming election. (She does, however, mention that she allowed William McKinley Branch to run for U.S. Congress from the 5th District.) The interview was filmed on September 10, 1968. 0:11:45: John Cashin, chairman of the National Democratic Party of Alabama (NDPA), speaking at a meeting at Oak Street AME Zion Church in Montgomery on September 11, 1968. He discusses the recent decision by Secretary of State Mabel Amos to deny most NDPA candidates a place on the ballot in the upcoming election. (Richard Boone is speaking at the beginning of the clip, though the footage is silent.) 0:13:09: Governor Albert Brewer visiting Lanier High School in Lanett, Alabama, on September 12, 1968. Principal L. B. Sykes led the tour, which was also attended by Charles Snell, state representative from Chambers County, and Floyd Mann, director of public safety. A recent federal court order on school integration had mandated that the following year, Lanier would be converted to an elementary school serving both white and black students. (For more photographs of the school, see https://digital.archives.alabama.gov/digital/collection/photo/id/45907.) 0:17:02: John Cashin, chairman of the National Democratic Party of Alabama (NDPA), speaking at a meeting at Oak Street AME Zion Church in Montgomery on September 11, 1968. He expresses optimism that the party will be represented on the ballot in the upcoming election (despite recent rejections by the secretary of state), and he encourages attendees to vote for NDPA candidates: \"If you will get as many people as possible among your friends and in your acquaintances to vote that straight Democratic ticket under that American Eagle, you will be casting your vote for freedom and change in the state of Alabama. And not only in the state of Alabama, but this message will get across all over the South and all over the country that we here in the heart of Wallace Land, that we dare to stand and say and cast the vote for decency, for change, against racism, against divisive politics, against setting brother against brother, white against black, rich against poor. If you will do this in November, next we may change the United States, too, and the world. It can come from Alabama. George Wallace is not the only thing we can export.\" 0:19:18: Joe Reed, executive secretary of the Alabama State Teachers Association, addressing an audience Alabama State College in September 1968 (possibly the annual ASTA-NEA Fall Leadership Conference). He expresses his opposition to Governor Albert Brewer's recent proposal to abolish teacher tenure in the state. 0:22:45: WSFA-TV's George Mitchell interviewing Dr. T. C. Nolan Montgomery in February or March 1968. The discuss the city's plan to address the shortage of emergency room facilities and staff, which had been handled by sharing such responsibilities among the city's hospitals. Nolan was chairman of the Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce's Health Committee that was examining the issue; during the interview, he explains that St. Jude's Catholic Hospital will now be included in the rotation. 0:24:40: Frank Lee, state prison commissioner, announcing the desegregation of Alabama penal institutions during a press conference on March 19, 1968. The move came after the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a federal court order mandating the integration, which was issued the previous year. WSFA-TV's George Mitchell is among the reporters present. 0:27:03: WSFA-TV's Bob Inman interviewing former Attorney General Richmond Flowers in February 1968. They discuss the upcoming presidential election (and George Wallace's campaign in particular) and his plans to run for governor in 1970. 0:29:30: Mayor George Seibels of Birmingham, Alabama, addressing a meeting of the Montgomery Kiwanis Club at the Whitley Hotel on June 11, 1968. 0:33:55: Governor Brewer speaking at his weekly press conference on June 12, 1968. He expresses his opposition to federal gun control laws, and he defends freedom of choice as a viable method for achieving school integration in the state. 0:37:23 Governor Albert Brewer defending the state merit system against accusations of discrimination during a press conference on June 13, 1968: \"We're going to continue to meet any effort, regardless of the source, to tear apart our merit system, especially if such efforts are made to give to anyone preferred treatment rather than equal treatment. Our merit system rule regarding the selection of employees is the same as the federal civil service system rule, and I can only feel that this lawsuit is an attempt to force the state to hire our employees on some basis other than merit. Our merit system was set up to prevent political pressures from interfering with the hiring and promotion of state employees. We intend to defend it against this unwarranted attack.\" 0:38:54: Governor Albert Brewer speaking at a press conference on June 17, 1968, during the Southern Governor's Conference in Charleston, South Carolina. He expresses his continued support for George Wallace in the presidential campaign and discusses his own views on race in response to a question about Wallace's stance: \"I would class myself I think as a segregationist like all southerners who've been in politics through the years. I first entered in 1954 and have come up through the ranks. I am not a racist and I do not consider him to be a racist.\"\n   \n\n  \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   \n\n   "}],"pages":{"current_page":2614,"next_page":2615,"prev_page":2613,"total_pages":6797,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":31356,"total_count":81557,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false},"facets":[{"name":"educator_resource_mediums_sms","items":[{"value":"lesson plans","hits":319},{"value":"teaching guides","hits":53},{"value":"timelines (chronologies)","hits":43},{"value":"online exhibitions","hits":38},{"value":"bibliographies","hits":15},{"value":"study guides","hits":11},{"value":"annotated bibliographies","hits":9},{"value":"learning modules","hits":6},{"value":"worksheets","hits":6},{"value":"slide shows","hits":4},{"value":"quizzes","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"Text","hits":40428},{"value":"StillImage","hits":35298},{"value":"MovingImage","hits":4529},{"value":"Sound","hits":3226},{"value":"Collection","hits":41},{"value":"InteractiveResource","hits":25}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"creator_facet","items":[{"value":"Peppler, Jim","hits":4965},{"value":"Phay, John E.","hits":4712},{"value":"University of Mississippi. Bureau of Educational Research","hits":4707},{"value":"Baldowski, Clifford H., 1917-1999","hits":2599},{"value":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission","hits":2255},{"value":"Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","hits":2077},{"value":"WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","hits":1475},{"value":"Newman, I. DeQuincey (Isaiah DeQuincey), 1911-1985","hits":1003},{"value":"The State Media Company (Columbia, S.C.)","hits":926},{"value":"Atlanta Journal-Constitution","hits":844},{"value":"Herrera, John J.","hits":778}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_facet","items":[{"value":"African Americans--Civil rights","hits":9445},{"value":"Civil rights","hits":8328},{"value":"African Americans","hits":5912},{"value":"Mississippi--Race relations","hits":5750},{"value":"Race relations","hits":5604},{"value":"Education, Secondary","hits":5083},{"value":"Education, Elementary","hits":4729},{"value":"Segregation in education--Mississippi","hits":4727},{"value":"Education--Pictorial works","hits":4707},{"value":"Civil rights demonstrations","hits":4440},{"value":"Civil rights workers","hits":3536}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_personal_facet","items":[{"value":"Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966--Correspondence","hits":1888},{"value":"King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","hits":1815},{"value":"Meredith, James, 1933-","hits":1709},{"value":"Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998","hits":1495},{"value":"Herrera, John J.","hits":1312},{"value":"Parks, Rosa, 1913-2005","hits":1071},{"value":"Jordan, Barbara, 1936-1996","hits":858},{"value":"Young, Andrew, 1932-","hits":814},{"value":"Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966","hits":719},{"value":"Mizell, M. Hayes","hits":674},{"value":"Silver, James W. (James Wesley), 1907-1988","hits":626}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"name_authoritative_sms","items":[{"value":"Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966","hits":2598},{"value":"King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","hits":1915},{"value":"Meredith, James, 1933-","hits":1704},{"value":"Herrera, John J.","hits":1331},{"value":"Parks, Rosa, 1913-2005","hits":1070},{"value":"Jordan, Barbara, 1936-1996","hits":856},{"value":"Young, Andrew, 1932-","hits":806},{"value":"Silver, James W. (James Wesley), 1907-1988","hits":625},{"value":"Connor, Eugene, 1897-1973","hits":605},{"value":"Snelling, Paula","hits":580},{"value":"Williams, Hosea, 1926-2000","hits":440}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"event_title_sms","items":[{"value":"Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Nobel Prize","hits":1769},{"value":"Ole Miss Integration","hits":1670},{"value":"Housing Act of 1961","hits":969},{"value":"Little Rock Central High School Integration","hits":853},{"value":"Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike","hits":366},{"value":"Selma-Montgomery March","hits":337},{"value":"Freedom Summer","hits":306},{"value":"Freedom Rides","hits":214},{"value":"Poor People's Campaign","hits":180},{"value":"University of Georgia Integration","hits":173},{"value":"University of Alabama Integration","hits":140}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"location_facet","items":[{"value":"United States, 39.76, -98.5","hits":17987},{"value":"United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","hits":5437},{"value":"United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997","hits":5151},{"value":"United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018","hits":4847},{"value":"United States, South Carolina, 34.00043, -81.00009","hits":4599},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044","hits":4328},{"value":"United States, Alabama, 32.75041, -86.75026","hits":3948},{"value":"United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036","hits":2910},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, 34.76993, -92.3118","hits":2580},{"value":"United States, Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, 35.14953, -90.04898","hits":2580},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","hits":2536}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"us_states_facet","items":[{"value":"Georgia","hits":12823},{"value":"Alabama","hits":11313},{"value":"Mississippi","hits":10220},{"value":"South Carolina","hits":8493},{"value":"Arkansas","hits":4733},{"value":"Texas","hits":4399},{"value":"Tennessee","hits":3786},{"value":"Florida","hits":2602},{"value":"Ohio","hits":2403},{"value":"North Carolina","hits":1875},{"value":"New York","hits":1840}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"year_facet","items":[{"value":"1966","hits":10632},{"value":"1963","hits":10287},{"value":"1965","hits":10218},{"value":"1956","hits":9840},{"value":"1955","hits":9619},{"value":"1964","hits":9365},{"value":"1968","hits":9345},{"value":"1962","hits":9247},{"value":"1967","hits":8897},{"value":"1957","hits":8523},{"value":"1961","hits":8282},{"value":"1958","hits":8259},{"value":"1959","hits":8061},{"value":"1960","hits":7948},{"value":"1969","hits":7348},{"value":"1954","hits":7240},{"value":"1950","hits":7118},{"value":"1953","hits":6969},{"value":"1970","hits":6835},{"value":"1971","hits":6425},{"value":"1977","hits":6367},{"value":"1972","hits":6254},{"value":"1952","hits":6162},{"value":"1951","hits":6046},{"value":"1975","hits":5894},{"value":"1976","hits":5863},{"value":"1974","hits":5849},{"value":"1973","hits":5689},{"value":"1979","hits":5416},{"value":"1978","hits":5405},{"value":"1980","hits":5366},{"value":"1995","hits":4885},{"value":"1981","hits":4811},{"value":"1994","hits":4704},{"value":"1948","hits":4597},{"value":"1949","hits":4573},{"value":"1996","hits":4542},{"value":"1982","hits":4417},{"value":"1947","hits":4317},{"value":"1985","hits":4313},{"value":"1998","hits":4281},{"value":"1983","hits":4261},{"value":"1997","hits":4258},{"value":"1984","hits":4152},{"value":"1999","hits":4074},{"value":"1946","hits":4047},{"value":"1945","hits":4018},{"value":"1986","hits":4006},{"value":"1990","hits":3988},{"value":"1943","hits":3900},{"value":"1944","hits":3896},{"value":"2000","hits":3894},{"value":"2001","hits":3876},{"value":"1942","hits":3868},{"value":"1940","hits":3765},{"value":"1941","hits":3758},{"value":"1987","hits":3744},{"value":"2002","hits":3624},{"value":"1991","hits":3553},{"value":"1936","hits":3507},{"value":"1939","hits":3501},{"value":"1992","hits":3500},{"value":"2003","hits":3489},{"value":"1993","hits":3478},{"value":"1938","hits":3466},{"value":"1937","hits":3450},{"value":"1989","hits":3441},{"value":"1930","hits":3378},{"value":"1988","hits":3355},{"value":"1935","hits":3307},{"value":"1933","hits":3271},{"value":"1934","hits":3271},{"value":"1932","hits":3255},{"value":"1931","hits":3240},{"value":"2005","hits":3143},{"value":"2004","hits":2995},{"value":"2006","hits":2860},{"value":"1929","hits":2790},{"value":"1928","hits":2272},{"value":"1921","hits":2124},{"value":"1925","hits":2040},{"value":"1927","hits":2026},{"value":"1924","hits":2012},{"value":"2016","hits":2011},{"value":"1926","hits":2010},{"value":"1920","hits":1976},{"value":"1923","hits":1955},{"value":"1922","hits":1929},{"value":"2007","hits":1715},{"value":"2008","hits":1664},{"value":"2011","hits":1661},{"value":"2009","hits":1624},{"value":"2019","hits":1623},{"value":"2015","hits":1613},{"value":"2013","hits":1604},{"value":"2010","hits":1601},{"value":"2014","hits":1567},{"value":"2012","hits":1553},{"value":"1919","hits":1533},{"value":"1918","hits":1531}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null},"min":"0193","max":"2035","count":506439,"missing":56},{"name":"medium_facet","items":[{"value":"photographs","hits":10710},{"value":"correspondence","hits":9628},{"value":"black-and-white photographs","hits":7678},{"value":"negatives (photographs)","hits":7513},{"value":"documents (object genre)","hits":4462},{"value":"letters (correspondence)","hits":3623},{"value":"oral histories (literary works)","hits":3607},{"value":"black-and-white negatives","hits":2771},{"value":"editorial cartoons","hits":2620},{"value":"newspapers","hits":1955},{"value":"manuscripts (documents)","hits":1692}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"rights_facet","items":[{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/","hits":41201},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/","hits":17721},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","hits":8830},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/","hits":7090},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","hits":2186},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/","hits":1778},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-CR/1.0/","hits":1115},{"value":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","hits":145},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/","hits":60},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0/","hits":51},{"value":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","hits":27}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"collection_titles_sms","items":[{"value":"Jim Peppler Southern Courier Photograph Collection","hits":4956},{"value":"John E. Phay Collection ","hits":4706},{"value":"John J. Herrera Papers","hits":3288},{"value":"Baldy Editorial Cartoons, 1946-1982, 1997: Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoons at the Richard B. Russell Library.","hits":2607},{"value":"Sovereignty Commission Online","hits":2335},{"value":"Strom Thurmond Collection, Mss 100","hits":2068},{"value":"Alabama Media Group Collection","hits":2067},{"value":"Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland","hits":2033},{"value":"Rosa Parks Papers","hits":1948},{"value":"Isaiah DeQuincey Newman, (1911-1985), Papers, 1929-2003","hits":1904},{"value":"Lillian Eugenia Smith Papers (circa 1920-1980)","hits":1887}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"provenance_facet","items":[{"value":"John Davis Williams Library. Department of Archives and Special Collections","hits":8885},{"value":"Alabama. Department of Archives and History","hits":8153},{"value":"South Caroliniana Library","hits":4251},{"value":"Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library","hits":4102},{"value":"University of North Texas. Libraries","hits":3854},{"value":"University of South Carolina. Libraries","hits":3438},{"value":"Hargrett Library","hits":3292},{"value":"Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies","hits":2874},{"value":"Mississippi. Department of Archives and History","hits":2825},{"value":"Butler Center for Arkansas Studies","hits":2785},{"value":"Rhodes College","hits":2264}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"class_name","items":[{"value":"Item","hits":81102},{"value":"Collection","hits":455}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"educator_resource_b","items":[{"value":"false","hits":81360},{"value":"true","hits":197}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null}}]}}