{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ffc_crlsa_1056","title":"J.B. Stoner : Audio Interview","collection_id":"ffc_crlsa","collection_title":"Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine","dcterms_contributor":["Samuel Proctor Oral History Program, University of Florida"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001"],"dcterms_creator":["Stoner, J.B.","Kallal, Edward, Jr."],"dc_date":["1976-04-06"],"dcterms_description":["Interview with J.B. Stoner, a Klansman and racial agitator who led segregationist rallies in St. Augustine in 1964. Stoner recounts his time in St. Augustine and relates how he and other Klan members were treated well in the city. Stoner discribes the various groups that engaged in white supremacy and the good working relationship they had with the local police department. Stoner recalls the various marches and rallys the Klan organized, the problems caused by local news reporters and how the police protected them from violence. Stoner insists that he and his groups won the battle of St. Augustine.","Ku Klux Klan -- National States Rights Party -- Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) -- St. Augustine Police Department -- John Birch Society -- Chamber of Commerce -- Florida East Coast Railroad -- National Guard, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) -- Ancient City Hunting Club -- Ancient City Gun Club -- Ku Klux Klan -- Florida Highway Patrol -- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) -- Monson Motor Lodge -- Old Slave Market -- City Baking Company -- Bombing -- Civil Rights March -- Clash Between civil rights Workers and Segregationists -- Drive-by Shooting -- Klan Assault on Robert Hayling -- Klan March -- Klan Rally -- Picketing -- St. Augustine Quadricentennial Celebration -- Visit of Jackie Robinson -- Wade-in"],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--United States--Florida"],"dcterms_title":["J.B. Stoner : Audio Interview"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Proctor Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://civilrights.flagler.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15415coll1/id/1056"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Flagler College is not the copyright owner for this item, nor can the College provide a copy of this item. Please contact the contributing organization to obtain a copy and permission to reproduce this item."],"dcterms_medium":["sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":["00:31:26"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Stoner, J.B.","Kallal, Edward, Jr.","Robinson, Jackie, 1919-1972","Shelley, Joseph F.","Wilson, Gene, 1953-","Cochran, Donald","Russell, Gene, 1932-","Spelin, Gene","Bryant, Farris, 1914-2002","Davis, L.O.","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lynch, Connie","Manucy, Halstead \"Hoss\"","Hayling, Robert Bagner","Wolfe, H.E.","Warren, Dan"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ffc_crlsa_p15415coll1-1056","title":"J.B. Stoner : Audio Interview","collection_id":"ffc_crlsa","collection_title":"Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine","dcterms_contributor":["Samuel Proctor Oral History Program, University of Florida"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001"],"dcterms_creator":["Stoner, J.B.","Kallal, Edward, Jr."],"dc_date":["1976-04-06"],"dcterms_description":["Interview with J.B. Stoner, a Klansman and racial agitator who led segregationist rallies in St. Augustine in 1964. Stoner recounts his time in St. Augustine and relates how he and other Klan members were treated well in the city. Stoner discribes the various groups that engaged in white supremacy and the good working relationship they had with the local police department. Stoner recalls the various marches and rallys the Klan organized, the problems caused by local news reporters and how the police protected them from violence. Stoner insists that he and his groups won the battle of St. Augustine.","Ku Klux Klan -- National States Rights Party -- Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) -- St. Augustine Police Department -- John Birch Society -- Chamber of Commerce -- Florida East Coast Railroad -- National Guard, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) -- Ancient City Hunting Club -- Ancient City Gun Club -- Ku Klux Klan -- Florida Highway Patrol -- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) -- Monson Motor Lodge -- Old Slave Market -- City Baking Company -- Bombing -- Civil Rights March -- Clash Between civil rights Workers and Segregationists -- Drive-by Shooting -- Klan Assault on Robert Hayling -- Klan March -- Klan Rally -- Picketing -- St. Augustine Quadricentennial Celebration -- Visit of Jackie Robinson -- Wade-in"],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--United States--Florida"],"dcterms_title":["J.B. Stoner : Audio Interview"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Proctor Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://civilrights.flagler.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15415coll1/id/1056"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Flagler College is not the copyright owner for this item, nor can the College provide a copy of this item. Please contact the contributing organization to obtain a copy and permission to reproduce this item."],"dcterms_medium":["sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":["00:31:26"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Stoner, Jesse Benjamin, 1924-2005","Kallal, Edward, Jr.","Robinson, Jackie, 1919-1972","Shelley, Joseph, 1915-2007","Wilson, Gene, 1953-","Cochran, Donald","Russell, Gene, 1932-","Spelin, Gene","Bryant, Farris, 1914-2002","Davis, L. O.","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lynch, Connie (Charles Conley), 1912-1972","Manucy, Holsted, 1919-1995","Hayling, Robert Bagner","Wolfe, H.E.","Warren, Dan R., 1925-2011"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ffc_crlsa_p15415coll1-1047","title":"J.B. Stoner : Transcribed Interview","collection_id":"ffc_crlsa","collection_title":"Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine","dcterms_contributor":["Samuel Proctor Oral History Program, University of Florida"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001"],"dcterms_creator":["Stoner, J.B.","Kallal, Edward, Jr."],"dc_date":["1976-04-06"],"dcterms_description":["Interview with J.B. Stoner, a Klansman and racial agitator who led segregationist rallies in St. Augustine in 1964. Stoner recounts his time in St. Augustine and relates how he and other Klan members were treated well in the city. Stoner discribes the various groups that engaged in white supremacy and the good working relationship they had with the local police department. Stoner recalls the various marches and rallys the Klan organized, the problems caused by local news reporters and how the police protected them from violence. Stoner insists that he and his groups won the battle of St. Augustine.","SJ JA Side One bd that-' s oue ~Y to travel. $ : t voul.dn' t \"3llt to travel on .this kind o~ .thl;ng· th~gll. )\\l.ght i:un into an ~ltme .. K'.: ~ li-.we- tli::LS~au· of ·. ~estion$ .. ttei·e • . ao.d .uh.; · • • $':: Okay·. \u0026OQ:e I; 'lOD. t t won.~t De. a.Iile. to imBlirer. K: ~. your ~iglit,'.tliat's. your .p~r~ect ~egitintate. ~i:gbt, ot course . . 1'nd uh. ~.sup-pose, .t tte. Best placa to 'h;eg1n. :ts .just kind of, .hOW\" di ·d .you firs t; .get involved .in, .un; St. Augu.sti'tle?' s~ Ull, I•ecmise.\"'l'· f-rtends .,..,.,e ao\"\" . there 1 such. as ConoJ.e·~, .Gene. ·Jlμssel.l. o:nd .Gene. Speltn aod otlie.rs·. · z:: Uh. !\\uh. And they inv1ted you? S: Ye~. K.: Did, did .•. s: t.ocal cJ.~:eAS· paid~· cx(\u003een8••\u003e do~· .. tlieke. · K\"! ·Did . .ency? $1 . To . stay .. do~. tl\\·e.te . Uh:, . I' .• nt , do\\'il '. ttte~e . to · Speak. i1 . f:~ tiJl)e4' and -th.er pai!i _,,y\u003cto,. st~X· ~·~ ·~•gUl.ar . le.\"3tli:s'.oi· U,\\lle• · · ·i...'1 • :J;~. see:.. · ·.Ji}io~ .ult, ·• ·o lil:OUld '«~s~·~:. tund.s'? s·: .we11, dt~~crent .oo.es:. . · ·ir: .11!i'. liuti; · . ..,,uld . it •Jl!O~J:lJk ~· B'W'f11' ,·: '•ll'l.trr...v::c:.,,~r: • ·:·: ·: ::·: ·: • ·:·:. S-f 3A Side One bd / !'.age 2 S: 1bey, they ~ic.k\u0026d, well uh, r can'.~ ·r~embe.r certain U he'd be. ooe of chem, as I \u003c•call. 10 Woul.d., ult, . you saJ.\"d, you sa.td tlie .cli•be.r 0£ COIQmorco \u003c:.~nged. . their ·. IC 1{0uld you el.a.Dorat• Oil thatt $\": After. the civil t.:J.gtitll oct QS passed the cbac.\u0026er of COJ1J11e.rce sw;itched oyer to tlte' ~gger 1ido, encl othebdse; .ltit)') I.\" bel.iev6 1110St .ot .the ~gge.rs . in, St. ~u.gust1ne vould 1ia;ve 111ovcd' out. Ki To!J . Cli.1.nL this iu duo priwa\u003cri1.y·. thcn: to t(olfs' inUuencot S1 , Ye~· sir. It: l()iy. do .JOu .tliinll..WbU clluged his \"'1ndt S: Vell, uh, s;ost 6.anUr• , uti, they're iM!ul.y iDtereated in • proit.t. rather tlion any\u003c~ else. IC: s ·o you .think M.r. W'c\u003elf t:hen 84V' a. greater pxoti't tu eupport~g the black.at $': l(.il be. . th~ught, thought he did. ~ll he: didn't wc.a.ct1y support the • . u11, ~igge\"ts . J9ja.t they, did w:as the'.ch~ber of COll:llnQr.c o clement , uh, .uh;.he used llis influeoce 10 that tliey 1(0Uldn't.cooperate. td:th , U$ PtL~O~e .. El t · see. $• _ Bu.t they: w.nted us there to scan. 1id:tb. until knlaa. 'f.olf ..... C: \\Ito's t.li.at ..t.he .chSAbel\" of c~rce? S': ... :~es, .ey~r:y6bdy wanted\"'*• :ov~y5;pdY· Wl¥lt•d all ..... t!; .Tliis·.'f.oilld... l)e in,' 63? S': ••• yes\u003e •ll .o1 .it 'WJll ato~tUig in t~. t•U. .o' ' ' 6:3 o•' +o·'.b'I( :·;··. · In fact all tlie. .W:ite, ju.st .•li'out all . tile\" Vtiite · people except a tew: ~gger lovers SJ 3A Side One I\u003e\u003c! / l'.•8• 3 wanted us there. 'But uh, uh, t· l.(as t£eated .'Very 'W'.\u0026ll \\ol;htt I. \\Cas there,~ I;;: enjayed mysel.f. K': /J.. v~ ·vacation? S; l'es s:r . • 1 ,, JC So in ·t.he:.fall of· '·63 tH:o1f.you starte.~ .goi:ilg down thet'e. \\{OJ\u0026 ¥Ou the·re cont.1:c:uous.ly. or '\\.ilS it 11\\orC Off and on? \u0026': No, I,~ go,\u0026d to Atla.Dta·. And.ttie.n. I'- had a case JD fede-J'al court .here in Jacksonville. But I : was down tRcre .q_ui-c:e a b.it of ttte time. I : vas also \u003cltl atto:rney in a court· t·ri:al d0'1:0 tl\\erc in the fall .o(, uh, r~ve for­.. gotten exactly..~en., uli: ldl.en .the tr~ was, but, uh, \"\"henever Bal.~\u0026 and \u0026o}l}e otHer ~1.Ssers tried to bre?k,. up a kl.an •et~g, .uh, fou r white ~ellow s v ere OrrM:ted. JO Oh yeah, Sept-or '18. S: I' vas their, I · was ttteiJ' attorney. x-. tlitnk.1-t vas .about, ~ . th.ink .that ~s still in .!·'6.3 .W:tien..it vas·· tr~cd~ JO . y~~f, . $:eptO!lll5:e~' ttu. ·s-: Uh'. . tlh~· trial pa~t ~,DJeaD .t!i~}J8h. '. .,Af.ld .un; · t~'t: .at: .that •J;eeti:ng ld.th, tlie:1i-lill~ l :•s an atto:r;lie;y ... ·. ~ey:· t,:1~d · one, ·.clfe . ,~;ry .. iound hiq not;; guilt~-­me · o.tliej:: ·.~ee .ddendantSl.\\(ere. Si~tf:ng . in . the'. C:Qul:t X'OOJ!} ·9' d +theiJ; l(ito.esses · no/re.--irtJs' (/.-11,,.; 14-. .. 'f\"L·H ·: .. :... u f couldn ''t . identJ.ty .. th--..i oo ·.i:Jiet-': .. .. .. · · A dism, sed. au· \"CI fV'\u003ek. \"':- j,';;;l.t ·r: . . uH-, ~ou.-en'·:C .at ~tHJ':t nQn-sfe\u003c:i~i«w•'.\\l.J!~· \" ) ~ /· L~\"'\"\"c/ ncl!e t,rQfl\u003c')t..iV Cf,\u003c--,~( a'/l.. S/' 2 ~ ] 1 $J 3!\u003e,. Side One Od l'.ago 4 S: N:o str. t''9e read about it 1n the. Mt:amt Dai1y News and the Long Island papers-, ~ wi.sli'. t ''d lieen . tlie-i:e. K::: Wits .tlia.c:,. ~G that, uh, \"Hr. Lynett tfult vas there? K: t:'\u003eve .. rcad·,several. .re~:cts aDout . that. Wh$ tho:tt, ~ that, .vov,ld you o;).y . th'at· lil;8s .t.Lfi:t.ut the -ooly ._..klAn mC~t1:~· or··th\u0026 itajor clan ineet~g that happened in \"63.. d~'.tb:ere, ·or ~ore .tlicre Otlie·r· ones?· $': 'lb.at. lZSS .tJie only. R:l.4n\"'~lli9-~.f#lB.f :~tfi4t ·was, ·. that llon t{a8 . the only klan tuncti.on.i;1lg iu St. ·~gustine.8.t ttte time, · in Jacksonville too • .. T?e,:e, tlier\" •s =re .tlian one kl.an organ~zatio'/l;J :::;';e:'; ~ht'.. ~a·').·;:;~· ·~~/ dit;f~ent, .uh, klan organt.z0:'tion5 •ct b, fu various.\"\"lt. T 1i\u003e'f'MS. ·- 10 _ 1rov;-.,.any,uh, hOW\"1Mny kl.on ~rgani-zations, uh, w.ould you say :we-re based tn; tih·, St. ·A:usustine. $:: Just one. IC Just one. HOw:- many, bolt' many ••• $.1 And it, it , and most of it'·e ..m;ee)Bers .w;ere Catholi~s. !\\'! Ulf liuli. $'o .you \u003e\u003c0uld ·say .. then. th'at . the./i:'J:#(f~.\u003cr-f/lli..f,J:/'~ur... could ~ • .._ kft\u003e.v~,...,,? · \":'\" _6e:. conS1d~ed· 11 ltla~ -m;a:i · o,:,.\\B$.l ·t;\\!li~, ,. S'! ~ lt:d ~a~ .... tl!\u0026Y·'.\"Ce . on·· ~·~i-endly. te1lfl\\S w;:f.:tlt, · v,lth:.the klan. K\"! lfell .ttiat, ·.tttat'·s .one Of.11l.Y· ~8· tiiSto;i;ic~ . questionS ~~·y~b.een : t~fpg to so1Ve; 1s .. £~e· At.ct~t ~t~·actuaμy.a..nan ·ot· ~~s; tn.s~;.~ .. o,(·; .~~xe .~b~~ ·, . . . : c,: ;i;~~r::.5:;::~~:·: · s-: us-,· tliQe~\u0026 . ~lla,til.~- ecqe;~ ~ g.u~siF-:-irerc · ~s· cop;C Oyi!J:l3e· ia 3A Side One w 1'.•88 5 ~= / ,. .. Rut thc,._5ut tRe ooo llan vtUch 1'\"0uld be diBtioct from the, it' a organi­zat:: lcD. say it \"\"\"*·s dtatinc:.t lroa ••• K(1\u003evd11S lj((-.yer11s,;~eeM-U 'Diet 1ilere. aoperate tlumtM\u0026 trout .JacbonY.tlle. tele:a:a:s JIS!lllt:;1;;tr that ws u... acJ.y.nan in St. Augustine. 0 /cfAV\u003cf\"'1S ·. IC: W'e:re ttie Jackloavillee klara1et s-\"'lfll'l\" active? S': YetJ air .they lielpe.d out.St • .Apgustine. \"IQ 1liey clid, .ye•, tl\\4t'• ·w,tlat, tcean. !(ere th.Y helping .the relliu ••• $': . l'~, and.the Qarcho•· C a.cd. 'tb.• aardtes? s·i We v ou.ld liiold, uh, rallies and , ult, ttie· ~i,sgers vould .c01le out and provoke .tlie peo{J.-e_in_ our rolly. ~ donl..\"t in.OW' 1\"hYJ cause t .bey.a.loys loat out. Jac21e ~oO'i.oson ·ws do\"'1 tffere one ~glit oncl would ellake Ju:i.ods, •o they Aid. SO a newsun want dow. there to sJiab ha.ode vitb ev•J'Y ~is n~sor little ~aer and all ttte n;tgset's o11oreh.ipg out ot the cl'N.rcb, come up to tlie 9C{U\u0026-re. Jut be wouldn't ut-cb up tbon himself. IC un bub. .At . these rallies would tho peOple that '\u003cere .attend~ considerocl ~stly, utt, n .anmaeo or · ~ra . tttey local 1(bitc.people. s; .rtiaro -~·e -'!Jti•e-eeople · f~.IJ .tile .... \u003c\u003eI. • • c-1·~· JCl 1lR. ... Ii'. and t !fey, '(OU I.cl : • • $': \\(ell tlie.!.idiol6 COlqllp.lui:cy; · th\"e J!tiol.9 celiAu~ty: tipa, uh; {\u003et'ACt1cally- $0lid iu tlfe1~ . suppo~t o,. o;;f-:~~'V; f\\e'\"!;\":· .. C Did you .np_tice i~, ao~-tlS::a,t yOU..:lm°\"'toncend;,oa; 90J¥! .de\u0026l of . .y1oleoce ..ttiat d~ .oceu-F, against .. . ch\"a:.,bl.\u0026clW.., ... :~ld .y.o u.· SP.f· f:t ·1{3o .iSIJO\u0026. i:J..y . . youtlis· SJ 3A Stde QM bd niatteJ:. of ~royoction . I'.•\u0026• 6 / S': tfell 'Wfien the Di88•1'• 1'{0uld come dO't(n .a,nd provokO trouble Wy .everybody' a got t.?:i.\u0026 opportu:n.ity, uh , toI Ig et .::A!-.ni3sere. II \u003c/ ._s'l'll~l\u003cef\"\"'.\".\".J' S:: tJb, ve.l.l. you ed.d the comwity was pretty, you k:n(X(\", eo11d in :it' a ••• S: Tes sir. :Kl .... i~\"'s solidaritr- eo to epe.ak.. S': \u0026'VeryDody ...,._, , t\"d wal.2. around .ct1e·'et reets at timu '(1th ~ acelve by ~gb'teen' in.ch contedcrato fl4g on a s t ic:K, evorybody wes . alw$lys.· greet~ns: 1¥! and .ch~er1:Jlg 418, even .wen:.w,e .1(eren•t hav~s o coeet~og • . W'e d.ioye, I·. \u0026.d a con,d4rtalile at that time 8.nd .ever)'l\u003eody· vaa '\"\"'~g .a.t u.s a safins tlfey. ~ for· 11s. t.t we fun. lei \\ltiat speci11.c stepa did you,ub, t.ak.e to, u.h, generate th1a solidarity, . /(. /C- ~ th.1lU'- our rallie.a nnd utches generated fiidaTity. c And in, in tba 11Wlrchot, uh, were the ilan, u ~ux@.on ma.in1y the peop1o tKa t would ~rgaoi:e thesn., or did t fie·.AcJ.eo.t t!1c~ haye a lot .to .d~ wi~h. tbom. ti -11 ilanSOlf:D -inly orgAndzed'.illet\u003e..f\u003eut .\u003cher• 'tll'\u003cI people othe.~ .tho,n lc1an J'1at\" v.::::1 uh, \"!U. Me wm,e: s-ai.cLh•._vauld, iu .t~ of~ you linO'I(\\ •~i:~g~og t\u003eG~.its aod .that kind o~ . :t:b.ose klnd ot 11)11tto~8 . 'C St\u003e VoUld · Y,OU' say. thougl'i that al.l in.all you'Y9 worked prettj' close vi.th SJ 3'1, ~de Ono IX! {11 e;. ~ u {. .::J ,A. Mr. !iewscc:a vh.ile }'OU ve:ce down tbere'l S: Yes sir. 1'.•s• 7 / C Acd ult', ve.''re. s2ippin3 arou.nd a li.ttle Mt, t: have lost the order of ey. no-ce:s. Hare • . And in tet'lll of eolidar i'~Y '. did you work with, uh, ·~•of tlie uh, a~e of the ao-called~ eow.er·. atructure . also? $': ~ powrf at:ruct~• aupported Ut; up until ae¥n Wolf put the preSIU't'e on~· t o .,P.tcti ' esa. 'that's w1iere the trouble••· 10 ftcd. .Ll:fey~ .lot's eay· part ot tl:iat ci:ty, u tt, Mayor Shelly· OJ' saa.eone like chat 'lf!Oul.d ••• S': V. bad, they d.l, eve.rytiody 1(88 very be.lpful. 'Ibero na, only• .1(0 bad ~c.e :lotcxfe.renc• troa Gov. Pm:ris Bryan~eent in tho soJMth~g like 25ll stat:• troopers io. Th.l.t didn't., uh, that didn' t atop us.. lt: vu _Beman W.Olfo that , uh, holped tlle n:t-ase.rs· out. E: ~ see vould .... S: Cause vet-d hava vhtpped the niggers at: tho t:IJao that, uh, .be put . tho pressure on, . vC •a already \\/hipped the uJ.aser• until WOU• put the pru.aure on the aatalllisJmiant to sw,f.tcli. IO To~ ~un .in btil).I . ot 1ntiJ:)idat~n8 1..tlfe119 out ,o,l .their ,.a.r;cbo1;.·9J: '1-h; •• iA teAs ,o( vinn.1;na f1Yer· co~an.1ty .. .supi;:or't? S» t1\u003ell it 1!.\u0026a cutd~8 off th~ .gmer\u0026l \"\"Pl\"''t. · x.~ '.DO you ·.t!i:1:nlC~ ·.you .th\"'iJ\\2.tO.te · ~·· a:. UJte ••• s~ ... ms told .tliQJ'.9, .. ltc. put the pi:e\u0026s.uKe On '..tli:aill. to:.ao .ahead aod .~tart, .uh , ·~reotipg ¥0Clla!• •to ~iaser• and lett~ng· ~gge~•· e~t in.tbel~ .~•stuaro.o.ts. · · SJ\u003c 3~ S.l.!I• One Id ;.: ~age 8 / r;: l)o you tliinlt tfiat if he bad not done that, the .federal, government ~ght liav\u0026- cca.e in and uh,. .. to.b.n eUps. S': No, ±t.. lre.m:an WC\u003elfo had otayed ou t o f it V:liy most of tho ~iggets in St. \"\"\"'5c:l.ne woul.d have \"°\"eel out. JC In ~ur wr~g .relation1hi'P \u003cltd you al.so~ .uJl. did you have ca\\lee to wo;rk 1111Jcli wit!i,. uli', Slieriff Davis.also? ' $': _ BL.•••· lie waa alway• frtendl.n be. ueve~ gave. a.e any trouble. I! So di.d you Rnov.· liim., uli, vory v.ell. Did.ne· ub ••• ~ \\fell ~ bt:V- JifJa, ye.I !' 8811' 6J.ID quJ:t e.. Often. r Sm(' Qyet'ybod).''.dOW:U .there ~ite often. K: ADd. uh, he never gave you nny· opeci'fic proDl.cns. ~ No sir, not, oot AtJ.1 that vie. tN.t I' c:ons:ldor serious • . Ue'-s a lm( en(orce­t' # D.t office;, 'Wbicli, uh,. he had hie profdem:s. So uh, but uh, that va.a aeant) n.eyer any. ·t'(!al -ei:obl·~· K: I: se:e. '9'hat .about , uh, Kr. I.yocb, of c:ouz;se you a.od. ltt. L~ch ¥.!I:~ the uh.. • • ~ ~ ....,ro . the pritlCi'{lle. ~tgures ~ r: \\\\\u0026at vu your, vb.at lr(aS your . ~tft¥a.8 rel~t1'9nah1p dth. h~? S: Ofi\".h•~ ond 0 l'vere c.lose.ly usocloted 1A -the ~o.t:ioD\u0026l ~tat.e .. 1(.igbts 'Varty .. i\nd ·.'Oil', '.v~ Al'!I'~• · ••\u003eried ,.L-tli'. averY-..,llUe: il\\'oui\u003e .thot \"'!!!'to. anr hel~. 0~ r: . Teall'. »v.l\u003em did. lie.. .. -~ ~ Dh ·:-~ .. gone, :. h\"e~ l(ent . to . beoyetlfl'qclt.in, ..un ,: tbe~ \u0026nd oi · ~o.pte:iafl.61:' 1972.. ~ iq67t - ------ --------- P•s• 9 / .... ~' 1!172... ·10 ai \":72..:' ~ate. UH~well in t~ of epe.ali,n.s .cbore.e\"vu it divided pretty .zJCli ~Ur:r or uh, did 'JOU ta£e turn. .., epeakiogf '~' \"'~ in. l~ , uh, · he spoke every night, utt. obout till the w;e'atbe.t: got too cold. 1n .ctse fall of :'63. And I'.\\otent \"9ld\" dcnm aod apok.e, uh, only a. coup.le. ~.thee . Then in the, uli, 1~1p1 of. 1964, r got there at le.ast · · fr'f\"l\u003cCficd/, II a-1-rk. • ·11C11l.di....-Blie.ad of Iii:=: a.od uh.. •o, \\lb, ·fur 'c· c{q 1·+ spealdog dutJ.c..s '; i\u0026J.I. on-me 'Wltil lie rewroe.d froi:. Californ:t\u0026. IC t;Jfen \u003cli:d..be get·aa.R..' : y;,·:\"{:'J~:\"f!.l'f'I\u003c.. 7 JO .m.n:.wen..b~. got 1n ••• tlten it\"\"\" pretty 111ucb split .ofO 'lli'en \"\" sharod the spealUng, yes. ;., f1-l s /1; ·~ \"'~ r/.-._ t-r aee, .uh, \"11.ere there, allde frOllt' the rellies 11!?C\"T'!!• · · . .J. · · · · , were;: tliere -QOte trad.1Uoo.\u0026l klm rail.le.~ got;ug on at . the. ••• t:lJte rlth tho fi:r•ty CToaa1 $'; \\(all once the uh, up i u July alter' tho e1t:.ah~11t otopP*d aup~r~ng ua, uti., .tliere 1{ere. i:.J.an ral.liu...held outetda ot tO'llD. JO On . tltat, .gentlemen. t.·s , -~uR, .che C1c~Hiid.'f!B G!,IJe'~~t · S': ,. Ye~. , 5-, N:J4 ~ waa· aJ;\"rt1ted on·accouat o~...tli~t Md so 't(U·.Conni•• and . so.w:e.re. three . o.th1!¢s.. .Uh' , one • . one tolloW.:, J)on' Cothr4n. Soll)Qbod~\" ttdyi.sed: HiJI) to ' eat•,,- a . ~ea o~ gutlcy. , 1111 ~eaded.' gu11cy • .,,d · ~aid a t:vo hund.;e\u003cl .dollar fiue • .. Dta.rcat of us told tlim ve we.re not ple.~. guilty· so .they dJ.c:aissed SJ 3A Side One bd Ol.lr cases. ,P,age ·10 , .. : r: i' see.. '!hat. tliat ' a,. tliat lirf:up up a. you kl'lov-,. a 'lueatioa. to sdu.d. t!?i.- it aee=s that the rallies- held oo tli~ lacnd1 al..l l(eelt. aad ~ then the ~ da;r ther dedded to arrest JOU all. llov did tile \"\"\"\"r ot tile la...S .. tia-ye_ a c\u0026nge: of be.art, or . . .. $': No tliat \\CU n ~t t lie profil.ea, uJi,.. uli, tllq tu\"rest:ed us hec-.sa• SOMl\u003eody,. uh, t:ossed a fire. tioa.6' into th\u0026: restaurmt at Cha t11tJl'tf°.:f\u003e7 Koan- ~e.. llarrU\\ fell.ow- 111 1 j ib.e~diatrtct state.a attorney fr\u003c!IJ ~lia t • •• C 111i.. lilB,. Dan \\{arren? S': Je•,. He C6mia Uf\u003e and t1ie 4-tcoraei-~a.l of Flortda c;:a• ove.'l 'Who vaas ~t-+t.l '\" f t I l)\the follo\"1oa elocUCXI . ADd than, ob, \u003cky dUo' t \"'-\u003c vbo did that but uh,. emce Conni'e And :r: vere _agl-utors for t 'he wh.1tc peopl e ~ t11ey arrested us and t.be others. $: :t dou't inov\u003e JC You don't l::n05() ir\"s uh ... . · $': /ID.ySody. cou.14.liavo done it, lO t- ~i\u003er ..tlleories,..Uacks' did 11: or th•:...i.'i.tes d~d i\u003e.-AOd· ~ '!O~ ·.1 \"'!~· .. .. Sl ... ~U .ld(ite.s·•Y· Have done it. t.'-a.12ot · ac:atsl_N: ....\u0026 :he ~gers ot dobag it\"., 1C llli::llblf.· t ·.su. \\all .j,u t°\"\" oj •.• SJ 3A ~e One bd · ~aga ll It! S: did!l.'.t 11.R.e birl ati}'Pl.Ol'e, SO :my6ody ••• ~be did :it, tie did it jut to o6ey tbo lav-doo.' t . you think.? Ve.12...fu! d.1.dn't have to go over'Board v:ith it. ·. lfqst; I • see.. tlh, \then he did S\\dtch OVOl\", as I:\" !='ecaJ.l , you aad .. ~'\nn:ca f\u0026i.=!.y aucce.aa:ful i:a organ.iz.~8 o •• • S': ~,\u003cIi• Ketinnal $tat•'• ~i:gbtil puty-•bed a pichtt line eut 1.n front 11 /I ot li1.s plac•, saying n i,ager.S w:elcom.e and all, ve. ~nted to help hill! got $'o tlios. were your picket ts~ aod S-: Ye_:s:·, well soae of the. •r have tieen, .uh, 111-tgl\t ba.ve .been a~e of ble celattye• on t De pickAl:tt line, I con't ttm:Q6er . But uh, the:o~ uh, no li.usio.u1 caa :in. Even th~gh. ve w:elccc.ed the niggers in on it to dine, DO Busiheas came. in·. r ~ag:ino the ewt0;_8ger VaB ...psct a.bout that. ~ ~ vu th.at the f'ir1t dot that the National State's Rlghta farty vas dow:n Sn St: ';f.-;#:ne? 'Well U nttt,t.. and J' 6otb. r e-pro1ont , tlie. National Stat e '•• and Gene \\Ills\"\" vu Katinoal .$to.ta\\s· (\\igbta PsJ:q\u003e JO .\"\"\"lilt I:J I ' neye~, · ~u know.\\ ·prior to J:titS·. inc1'deot .the~ va,s no indicatioo...-. a.(, .you· i»~ die. name neve1f.sliON\"id 'Up in . th• papers p.r.tor' to ~ thh. $'; lle ~pe.w •. ootIU:na. l?don .. t .thtnltaoything •\"°'tild up in the ea-ee,n. =~ t.licy.: lo(CoU .th~at lytna «~ort to .clie s 1 t3teS nilte . ..aboui: . St . /i;ug:ustino. · _ . · · '1/..t CDM(Vt.·1ffc-e • •'f ,I ' Lt, ·. 11ov\u003e l!J.ilia•I'\" fi·..aec1 ~·po~x 'lyiJ\u003eg .... poit • . · c: OK'; yvu 41oan .ttil! .floirt.t.. l_egiolatiye !.Dvesl;iaa~ •• · 13-. rek · · -j'k S': ~h·, .tile: tJxmEe: socict~~ 'Uk, l(aDtcd tt.· t:i'Pt) the' racc--,:nixf:n8 o;f:::dle- J oliD. SJ .3A ~de One bd c~rck JJ::=i:e Society. S; Yes. / '$;rc.C., John ~ Socioty is a raco-•ixing orge n..izat1.oo. ·. I:: Tlie, ult, the H.a~n tha.t w:era. that \\l;ere involved in tae rallies and .t.\u0026 des:oaatr•t:ioo• iD terJ:;S of eorce1a~ge, voUld ~ say-. there vere !Dlore local 2lan9111;en or '1110re fr011 say. J'acbonvWc, if ~u can '·t call that ••• '$: • vell a.a.•. general rule tlie'tle 'Weto, uli, plenty of, there t(ere pleoty of t~ Teal. St:. ~guatine tla.nsM.-a, Wt uh, at ti.mes for rallies and marches t...11'~ j c.. . ' 'a\"\" · f peo~e cocna down ftor!J .Jacisonvi:lla. IO ,\u0026id .Goat. ,ot ..ttte.Se 1Urcties. t(Ue going oa pretty regularly fo-r a .1(hile. S': ~· \u0026i.~ t ,tiey. were. Ki \\eiat juat .aliout every n;lght? S: ~ll • bad rallica every night, 1ilhe..tbe.r w •re.bed or not)at the alave ~net. JO Y~· S': And 50¥, sc:qe ~1J8•t lovers· once and .\\dlilt vould ·•ke a Jli,stak.e and COJ;Je up oo .u ;o \u003c:dge .oi .the cr\"\"'1, and \"11, diallud .w~t .I.rnch: Md· I · \"91'6 ~\u003cf' rJb~u ..t.lfe)'td 1llab 'J;'~Orb~ uli, JlJ:'O ~~ge11'.-x-esJlRJ:ks ,against ,uJ:\\ .. ~hy,~ usually, .reali'Zad .th\"eir 'Jld.-atoke. ll lo? ~eallze it $Uddcly. $.': 1\"-190an. noSQdY. .. told the 1(tli·teS to do .t\u0026.t, l \u003eJl}ean -~h:o .~1it~.t1'. ...t ge~o. atiKKed 'Up .. ~«Mil I:\" wouldn't. go . bl a n;i8.86J:0·\u003cJ'al.ly an~ get. on . tho . ~dge oi it and start · d.:tounc~ tKo ~gger: speab:r, and seqe ~f:gger l.ovor coJ:tea• up on th'e· f:!;d8e· of a .lflli1to crovd .wtien t ho.it: stir ~od up at a ti.Dao of· a crioit like SJ 3A, Stde. One bd / . 1'.•8• 1.3 that aud sun: de.nouncipg the w:hite racial speakers why you're just aaSd.:tg for tl'OUfil.e. C \u0026ov-do 1°\" tllini. a crisis ~,., PJ'OYO.ied in the first l'lacet ' 'I S: Well Dr .. m\"J:l.~g and the ~!BS~t's wanted tq go o.ht!ad · and toke over the tovn. 1l\u003eq ....,t\u003cd to have their wy evuythl)\u003e8 really. ~ \\.tlo.t do :rou meau when you say tlietr ~t ' $:\": ll;iltll :Dr-~' ub, intended to run All the white. race a out of tO\\l.l. it: ID t\"\"'!S .of Dr. TXaJlin\u0026 and uh, Md l!\u0026rtin Luther J:ing, do .i-ou thin!\u003c • tltcy we.re CoslP.ies? ~ W..11 ~.cm.U. tliat 1.4 liie secondary, tbeJ.r both, both ~ssere try~g to du troy: tho \u003cigbts .of .mite pco1.\u003ele; •• Kf/18 kn•~ c,,,_.nilts and had .!/. Cc:im-..nU.st: frJ.'ellds. l' don't 1mo1(\" t\u0026t 'lllUCh a\u0026:»ut Ha'J.1.-~. But ¥1.pg vas \"01 t1Je CJiyj.1 ~b.ts prograai tor ·;cace ·\"1x1;ng and tbat' s .aa btld. •• fOU cc get. K\": l;(\u0026ll I: tieliovo r•111 au:re \u0026j..lUlg w.a.s, t!or the. sn=o .p~posee. ~ I' know: of course th• Co!IJND..is.t Pot'ty 111 'o~ · race. ~~g, but as tor ll,*8 •s· to, •ll Ba Jiad ~aJ.st · ~io.ada i.ut Alt to .ld1e:the,r·.aa. COllJPJ.la1St I : don l:'t . i:DW, fiut it vouldn. '\"t 1n01Ce Qny. dtt.fenoc• . .tt o·.iii,o ~het.h cr. be w,s • C~ni'st· o17 not. he was 111gge.: f'.tglitiaa .•saJ.nat US:tiffdte eeopi,.. thatt'd .• B-e 11. · ~~c;t9,N~lil t not tlte'.· factoR~ · · IC , ljb'ot 11o ~- t lilllk. the ••• . ~ C.o.us:e. I'~ ·opposed . to rp.ca ~ixip.g .. oyen',i~ ~ conaerya.tiye. ~~ager 1(0.nts to force· ~tac• 11Jb~3 .. K; 1'11)' t!o 'fOU tlli-.1\u003c..tho l\u003chite (\u003eCO~le . ~uld \"•tch..ld.th · saY,• the. S.C.L.C. '~ lhc\u003ce-vuent\"t ~. t' don't rcaem'Ser bardl:r any \\dti~e people.11arching d~ere 1d\"th r.he S'.C.t.c. X:-'\"'e :Seen. 11l4rche8 all over t 'he south and ~·ye seen vlites )liRe fM· J.t'/tt\\~rnarcli. lid.th\" tliem.. But, uh. St. August1t1e, J • ...i... •• ) K'! £ov inst.aJlc.e the college .that cama down for spring, ove.r the spring break, 'IS· •• ... ~ · \"~ ,..t:q_ey'. didn '-\u003et, .tl\\'ey: veren 1:t. in-..tlic1 OOll'.le of Chem came . do.,μ. llll~ got in on tlie. act ,wfi'l!f'l;e?er tli~e -were, Ilna va•. got.a.a in ebe Maaing pool end all 6'ut not •fter the wfiites •tarted holding rallies .and counter urches. : JC: ~rafttt, ao 1t10\u003eofcer· a •hi·le that Che vbiue kind of diaappe.ared frcm tlfe 11.nea. S': Tirey S1U'e did. yu eiJ:, they ran out on the niggers . I don' t blaaa 'em;, .t119 dill a ..,.\u003ct thiug. K; \\Olat do YQu ••• S': TKere. Vill\u0026 a ei::ofile:a 'Cith..n.e-c:s p\u0026t;0grap6ere. for a .ldrl:le becaa.se thq-.ef\u0026. w.nt:l.p.S to cob p:tctures·_o,, -uh, di.to. ~ d0J90n8tx11,tors :that \u003c1f!i'gbc..\u0026n used it'\\ . u • ovidmce .\"\u0026~t t~..,... \"°\"\" IC1nd ot . .P.LI:. '\"\"\"'~ up •o .c.i..r. they d14n ''t talla tindly to ~ictw:ea. oeJ,ns· •~Teen. ~ v:a~ goin\u0026 to· say) ~ ~ goi:Da ~o \u0026ak.. 19l~ \\{0014 o( .Liie, o( .J:he • ••• ~~ Tlie~h~, .un·, ·..n~~rlt news coyet:,ASe, '.JJh~h.efore ~~ .. Sta.J;tod .out ,,;opllies; ev~jen4 .\"ucl!e$ . llfi\", . they ...s,· ~ !PJUS .tliat i.oei~ed .the n,iggei:a to i.eep on 1l)O ?IC ~113 • SJ 3\" Side One bd K'.! ltl'Cm•se of , taecttU1c the~ got publici.ty? / · ~: ~se of .i:ae. vv; covcroge. 1C: l.' see.. ~as,._ 1(3$ it, did .rou per~e.. aq ~e. in Attitude.., c .:Bllt d:td ...... 1'.•ge.15 uh, of S': lJUt ~a--111.os:t of c8c. .n~ got Wrt· \u0026.d.l .... ,,,..._, uh. and l~e_ D.eeu t here ht~ . \u003c ad seen i't: Sap~ l\u003eelore va. started liold~ aarch.t:a end rallies libencvtt ..tlitu ud \"'1aers get Into f~ and the-f ..-w to talut pii:ture.s of tJia. -.ilnes .\"\"1'1:6. could k used Ill court, and th\u0026 fti:tca didn't like that 21nd o·f one-ctded. f.iustneas. lC X: 8»ppose., ull., so tho. ftgl\\.cir would )'OU · •al'., uli, cha. Ugh.ta . chat happened say-, u~ the. e•-rly eal't of June. heforct .the Cll'C'chJ;n..8 got otortcd? St .: \u0026ltore. June., yes- a::tr. tie.fora. Juoe... C 1.'\u0026\u003ese; .u1f, . ..,.r~ oot so •utll, cl1cln,•t li;\\ye \"° ~ch.. to do v;lth; '!\":t' State•• 1\\i'81!U' fa.rtr or .tlia ra- otJ4111%\u003c1~? S': Ko t 8-t \\l:J,S'. jua.t local vftite ct:tJ,'zeD.9· .. t:lip.,t ~ .tl\\at ~B\u0026•X'S. · l!Pu1d .c~e. ue­t\"\" 1\u003e to · p)\"Oyi\u003eli'e. Nid they: dido. \"t . 1(;1.Cl: .~.1\" p:l'ctute co.ien:...,bilc.. they. -a\u003ere. ~igli.tll18 ni)!ge.ri. 'IO \"t.aiat .aD'out .clie .u\u0026',, .the action on.~~D:e4cliea.:,;so to speak.f · SJ 3~ Side One bd ... / S': Uh, I tmov- about the aet:toc on the. 6e.adlea lltd t .be:re ere SOllllt; good '-'itita WClltn ov~t' the.re doi ng 1n0• t ot that, I chin~ but uh, t: vent to tl:ie l\u003ee.ocliee at t i mes. '5ut uti. r was trying to keep up Yitb everyt~ ·. a:aba on weryvttere. and I·, an.d :t a.J.esed aoac of tl\\a.t. c I see. w . .. l(bat dtd you hear ea.y. •ec.Ond hao.d? \\Cas it. vu iJ; J110•tly ,•Sain just .tli't .WJd,te ccrmuni·tr re.act:f:u8· •• s-: '!'.°'!'· ab: • •• ._or vu 1t -AOX'e ~rgan~sS Oy. sar t:Jte Ancient '1ty• ·f/ir\"fl;l '2.w\u0026. +-.... A..t:i..J c;l..,HU-.n':JC!i•l., v ~ll.., · · • • · oJ · the t4An aod tlfe lfational State's R,tgh.ts Party· vet::e a.U involved 1n it. \u0026ut uh, f)ut tbe:r -•re onl~\" o p4rt ot.t\"t. ThCf· also. t1ie)\"'·1':1glit\" of, tlte.Y\"-\u003cAi\u0026H.t .of he.leed mcou~age . tlie loeal ci.tU:ena certa.tnly \u0026elptd. out ritb intbusiarisa)trCllll all the reports I heard obout . tire tiuclru _,lil\u003ce tliey- did d°\"\"t°\"\". C And do you .tltin.2 ttie loca.l police •leo fie.lped out by, uh. tut'n~8 thaf.l:' 5, \\\u003cell, uh, t· never did h\u0026v. any t ·rouElo \"hh. aor ot the lotal. police. lhey we~o clll nice to 11e. · ~ see: . · °P'UD.d61'$tond you ;.ll: had s(IJIJt.,..: baa p.r etty., good P.A O.t ecti.o1. 1 ~ .y.our 41Jardres. Oh- ~• did • . -~ s1T. wll tffa.t, I~ would'-:nt, I::- wouldll't . ~oy lg\u0026. had protect.ion? -..l!tt-.~~iC ..t:h~e poli-,:.e flado.'~bCen .. t.fi'~e .~'t'.:d ... lLCHln a a;l;U•r~ 11hen the. ~gge-rs ' •ta\u003cte4 Ull:O\u003ed.na .rocill and . th'ipgs . tl!\"\\', l\u003cl\u003ept .tb·e, . tljoy· . ..,.,ra..lwioi\u003eips .the · ~-S.ocs. ~~8 thei,.el. yea..1'oc'!ll•• . .the .i/ti1 te -.J!O~heo . i;ould · tioye cleAned out ~'88•t:-t.o161 onoe they. were pr,ovot(ed...liY fl:l:gg«s. I I I I I SJ 3A Slde One b.d .... · l'.•a• 17 / E.: Well vu, was thare crucb rock. throvi;D\u0026 and violence ,a.gd.:ut. your oer chcs? $': mt, ~ere was eOM Wt i f hoda.' t 6ean for , th\u0026 poli:c.e .why, it would have .~c. 1.t vou.ld have been a, i t would hove beeu a lot of dead ~gen, SCli:M Ciu ~oplo, tliey'd a hurt IOM white people, but they· said in .tba lo.as .. tlie .. y:-uul.c would.. Have. ll'een .that ~ the ~hi.te~ .1(0uld haye; .ub, cleaned C A\u0026n:zt. liov--a.anJ\" people would pattitit\u003e•te in thct arc.heat '-$': ~dao.\"c, I\" can't give you any numSer. llllt t here vere nice sets .of crOl{ds. ve aarc!fed at niallt ti:te and. dar t ill.• too: . W.•''d have • ~uare . tull , aa:rc'h. tl'iT~lr ~1:8ger town. ~ ... In ttte, pretty _.ch the v:hole t:ally would. go oa to the urchl Kl mat f:'• a pre:tcr good turn out~.b ~ Tes air, veil - bad a.. lot of~ {f ..... 'i;\"-U JO Uh'• do rou tbinJc. the uh, do you th11\tc.,,the ub, dilliturbanCf:_B 1n. $t. \"\\U8U.Gt :lDO. say 1.nt:r eased Mllherabi.p :ln the kl.an or tbe StClte' e. ~aht.e fa..rtTo •• -~ . yea otr. C , • .,tl1.oc..~d encour.aged th~? ' $': Te.a,' I\" ttii..ilk 1't di'd, t' thid. it did all ·nowMl ..the\".couatey. · C DJ#' ~t ,. was 1~ , .1(0Uld rou ••Y·-tlie incre-.sed ._i\u003eei;sb1p \"IO~ . cqn,~1no4 . to sar-.-St.,. Augustin• or· would otll\"er. people d.ts,aar•e Vi~. th\u0026tf --si Np-~~~;' ~.l:l!i'Qlt..tlillt .tlfo nationa.l pu~'q,~hel~ed -~• -'thif• i:ac.1ltto , . ·q~8~i~acionS. oyeTY'ttieJ::e ~- ge;in 490r4a ~-rs. SJ' 3A s:i~o Ono w ~·s• ts $: / .... lklt they· did. gaiD w uld you .. 1 oip11:1-caa.tl:r aore to tho S\u003c. Auguati\"-\" uea?- l{t:l.l ti'nd aliout all tlio, we had oll .aSout aU the young Wi te boys tbe\"t\"e ' Tlfere nan~t too ·~Of• 1S10rc, there wren' c many more. to ge.t out there. 'fl!\u003e a:f.T. \tlll•U:lke. \\(BS . ttlere 1-Ucli ot a. difference 6\"eb(eon .th6 youths attitudes Ko. ·no tlie atti\"blcle.e vere the aaae: witb . tlle .l(b1te .. the yout h .'(e.re •ore, Tliey. were -111ore prone to ·v1:olenco. ~ ..••• in pl!yaitally, phyoicoUr Sotter oliape. II U C M · Stiori:ff 'P\"- viS term.ed it, they•·re t'I\u0026 hard :ia . .rubb et' baUs. -. ' I I I I I I I I I I I . th\"'at save \"ua troulilo too. Uh, if w \u0026.dn'-t .n.atrained the vhy uh, they'd l l .\\lh1pp.ed .tha state patrol ~- suesa .. ttie~'d . scnd 111 the national:. guard • ... l} 'lq.. lio111,..; $0 roii would ~~· ttiat .tlnl·, ub-. .•• · ' $1 .1lfey~ tl!lt~· h'ad ..,. .P: B:.:c aaenta-..,...,¥18 ...... eacrol.lJl\\i~o1iJIS,· IQ . OH· yeati1 ' 1.¢ didn'·'t: b.o~ tHat .. l(•s• 19 / \". S; Well I dida.\"t l(ant the oot:lonal, guard to cocte- in. S: 'We. aidn't re.str•1n. nor wouldo.'t SAY' lit• exactly, we r utrained them s:c:qe. :~t ~.-an, uli\", enyt!=e o p\"a trol..un. uh, picked on acme 11hitc boy 4ld ~ on.. hi2'• .tlte p•tro1-an w:aa ..the one .t~t loat .out. ·K: Teali1 ~ 1{osc of the: p.iltrolmen l(ere frie.ndlr. .see tliat wa1 only· . few ea.tro~eo 'US\\ .,.aat of tlie at.ate·patrohien. IC B\\lt the, uh, local, tlie local police and the. uh, the sharitf*• departmeot \"ere pre.t:t:y ~ch friendly al.so? ·~ • Tes sit:. g:: Md so t~ only real pro1il.,.• · l\"\"-~ -•~• ldU. ~e state paqoi,,_a~ ... st WJ:ten'-mo1t of . th(.'fl\\ ~l'e tor'us e:xcep.t ,f:or ' eo•: of '.the 11411.,~anld:na ones' and ..t.be .P~I\". agf!nts 1n state pat.rol ' ua.i'(o~s. 10 It see:ai• .. cc»~e tli4t afto:r: .. sa:r .th·eon~6:18· ·uh , near- ;riot up, .... ~~li-.ye ft vas .tltC! 2Stli', tllat .they. did es:aclt.acncD • 1ittle..li,1.t. OU1i' ~~fl'IJR. r, \\ I~ ·4~-d.tl 'rt JC int liblr,....6\\at :uh..., h--W.: did, . lioit· did . tlt.ef)..·. ho°'(\\dO You .thtnJt.. l:hat ·-major; .whf' did s:r la Side One l\u003ed / l'.a\u0026• 20 that :..ajor outbreak bappen the, uh, 25tht Do you recall, :lt:'s, .it vu ult • •• ·:r: I .H'ftll!Tnber • I · .r emecbor t'he ~gges t l,.isht of all , uh, t vas speaking at tli6 ::tma- .tliat tliose oorry· ni\u003cggers diaturD~ 'ff:fY' sp~ech. Uh, I t hink. the police doas. concriliuted .a lot to that hc:euse t hey kept barki;ng all t ho t1Qe. ADd . t!iat cauaod, uh, tnat heleed a sort of a paodiaoo.iuci, built tcn1ion · and caused po.ndimoni'UJ!l t o Drenk. loose . r think, I think i f the fOl.J.ck- ~oaS •lia?'t. t\u003e'een there, .1.t d'gb.t not ti.ave taken place so el.Sf'-' It .,,igl!l:..llave, pro!iallly _,.l..d tiaV\u0026, li\\lt I:\",.eau tile .police dogs ceruiDly· -~r2::lna. ce,rtainly• aarfvated t he ai\"tUlttoo • . And then the ~ggera they vere oscortt;o.g vere tnunt~ng tlie vtU:tce, o.nd t he l(bitoe d1-dn'·t . l ii.c to - ti'e teunted Sf' the n13gers . And the n:t.a:gers, ~ iggere, they l(ere cUX')'1n8 ~ off tllat '\\4bt, it looted like a..Dattlefield. IC \\(hat uh, did you uh, did you' run acro11 any· evidence of B:lack.-violcnce .asaJ:o\u0026t, uh, w:fii'te. peo{\u003ele'? $\": 'f~ aiT, tliey $bot ono. and i±l.l ed one w.bito 'hQY. c . To.a, that vas m. uM', '63 I:.lie..lieve. In tema of tb• rallies.· and .the .,.arctru. was-.t.li\u0026re, utl ••• -..S'l .l'eo)l' • . t.here-.we-re wtlitc fi~s·..tl:ia.~ aot ott4chd:ti~- 'Di.:g9cu:o, j_h~t'-'G \"'\\dl\"t o~ tan' e-w~ked tlie aou61e. , JL . . C\"\"' w • 1 \" JC ~SO ~ • .'2Jlt;o- Iftbep rOCl ~'D8 - · que•tlODe ~e juat ~· d~Cll~f!l8• ,s; \"• need to.. l:iJ1?Y.:. li'ecauae:, -uli, · tte.'1e elrcad~- late. 10 ~~igtit~ oih\";'. I.~11 just oslZ: a cou~e 1J90;ta. . ~1cti.; .ul\\, q_u••~i~os .. · ~ell nt s.r 3A :,:!:de One lid / P.•B• 21 the- kl\u0026o. T\u0026lli'U ,them.selves, uh, .then. did Haus also help you erra;nge those, l*\u003ess f1a ,, '' c ::i •, I $li'ou.ldn \"t ••Y·.2tAii, Kr. 1ttm:nlt\": S': 1Jell. to ctte:·.l\u003eest of 1lJT10ell0q+ be .• arn;ogecl .thet. c - E?.C dJ.i!?: .s~ I could.a. 1:'t swa o.r to i t, true .un. ~•an thait. was t:wel.ve years .aso, and 1' ~ Ult..liDli\"'. · -.~U .. ~. did . tlief' ul:l, .\\lhy do you . think; uh, why did co11tent.1ooe die- 4cnm ilr-St. \"ugustine? .. ~ ..'..E l!c.ause..,. S\"ecause . tlte .C\u0026a6er ot '\"1.nerCe . establiebalent; undet;' the influence o( • llb1~e1swttctied lidco. C $\"o ycu \\IOttld aay tlieo., uh, that you all, .uh, wen the battles aod lost th• var? it T1i'e d:tiQQ-i; of cCQ21erce, yes: eirp..liecause. ot .that .. Uh, .tbe4hamhe.r .ot ao...orct :ID-st placeo. goes' alC\u003c18 'O;itb n_fJgen. Uh, .tbey:. tbfnk.1-t''• •=rt~ Out actually t: t!U.DR:..it'• dutt071;n8 the country and, go~g to deacroy d teir busta.uees tC? go along \"1th the lliggen like .they',ye SMU $1 . l'e.8 1111. -. l{ltll ;myt~· \"'~go to a c~~~·-ld:i:ero .thera.'a . .raci\u0026l ~leq:I th·· ~~ o~ :\"o\"°'erce. ie ,..,,,uauy. linecr--up«m ·. tb'e' .uaa•.-s ride . 1l\u003c\u003e '\"\"' • . .tlt!ni: t~ey'\u003el:e just . doing,~:\u003c . to 'Pl'Ot0Ct .tlfeir:..1'1JSin~ll or ••• \" l.fs kl£~ ·· ,_, ···· · .. tftll · ..... • • • .. r \"4. ~- fi'\"anbrS -up. . .th\"a· lin\u0026\u003e eut pre.ssur•.· Oo. ·• '•- • 3fiey: teel .tlt~~e ~ore sUSject to· p~cseu~e .. tltan o t liar .~eople. A lot · of·. tlifal don\"t -lib: D:i.886l'k..5'ut,, ,\"U!f • th'OY.~ gWe lraf' to Pl:\"'oaGuioe . too ·easn~ .be.couse 5.1 3A. Side\u003clne bd ,,. . P.age 22 / they're. tbey'ro too worried a5out tlie.iT bualneeaes. And their .busi.ne.as lit-ould 1ia.- Oette.r off t.f they \u0026uc.Red the ~g\u0026:Ot'S . X:. think. that all the d.a:louscrati.on i .o 19\"64 c:mJ;• t:l'tut:ed good adver:tisea.en.t for St. Auguetine • st:Dce ttteo. it tw slowed down a 1i'ttle a.t· the tia, liut. t a.ea.a, l' thluk tliat pul!UcitY· lias. ltelped in tlie long run. IC It could .well tie. Uh;; • • s ·: ~ v.tia ~vas down ttiero)unt11. WJ;\u003elfe put . the pJ,\"easure on-' ~••tuaX'anta woa.Lbl\"c: e\"Vb let ._ pay·•Y· 8U18,.; J:) i\\Oally? S': . .... tl:iq.- all iuiwtc4 on•• eat~\u0026 ttte. J:l llo you thini. there vas. ·$1 ~got, I' got royal ttcam.ent. F ca •:c co.plain at all about tbe. Wf r 'Oii treated in St. Augustine. 10 .Tliat\"s intorcst~ng fncct. Wpuld you ' MY.' there ven: any other contdbuti:q fact~• to the crisie, .ull, otliar tli4n tti:e nee rcliltioua? for instance, th\u003cr '\u003c'Ir• having that ~8 Y;E.C • . a tril(o, · tho Ylori da East COa\u0026t i\\411road. llo you t!i1nl(.th1t played any. eignitlcanc ~actor in h~ightened .uosioos tn IP ' ~ soe • . fl~I' .. ~ Of CO\\l'l8e~li2es tC!: 80 tO Coul't . ond, :W1, p uc do\\IJ\\ .vJiite peioplo vhere - -- - -·- -- --~ --·- __ , _ - - - s:t· 3A, · ~de, One .l\u003ed. J.'.age 23 as tbe SCLC ll;a~ gett~ng out on the streets and beattpg them down. ·JO . Gec--...i:lg out on the streets .. S': BU't' w . we~ the 6attle of St. A.u -g. ustine axcept .for lolhat, uh, WOlfe did co •i:e tlieCrtiamJ\u003eer ofao•erce, uli, wJ:thdr4lrl' their .support • . t:,; #J.d ~ . to t Hat, 'Up tO tliat point ••• ... ~ UR:e It said; .-.::iost of . tliet11. don\"t l12o ~t:ssors. ·r: Uh':..ituli_ Up to tliat .point the, uli, wft.tte coan.un:tty sbow:ed ,e ••• ' $'' ' ~Cl.1 -tlie cODllNI'li't~' was s t ill vitlt us, t lie Comsountty l48S .still with U$ as faJT a~..tHa~ goes. IC .;llUt tlie, -ub·, Qbsi:nessmen vCTcnt-e . S: Bue- ttte. \u0026usinesSJ11,en, 112otel and ·restaurant peoele '(ere pressured by l(Olfe: .to sv,i:tctt.s:bles. And of course tlie ~i.'gge-rs \u003cyere go1.ns in their businesses and all and of course, uli, they were c ~gbt in the cross fi\u003cre, afraid . the .iederal.. goyerm:Qent would prosecute them, and a11. But uh, tf they just, \"\\lb'; · if tliey\\'d just '6een pat:i'ent a little longer there l(O'Uldu' t have 'been any. n;:f.\u0026s:Ms living in St:. Augustine. Th.ey-' d all 'lllOVed out and then they no 1t0ul4n ':t b:avo ;Dc:l:t: prob le:=. Ki l;' tKink '*''Ve pretty 111,uctt.uli ••• K! ~'Oill. - :;-. . lo~lnlve\"'!f·ad,sr...,,.,~ V\"\"'? ''EN)J '0P·:TAPE.","Ku Klux Klan -- National States Rights Party -- Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) -- St. Augustine Police Department -- John Birch Society -- Chamber of Commerce -- Florida East Coast Railroad -- National Guard, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) -- Ancient City Hunting Club -- Ancient City Gun Club -- Ku Klux Klan -- Florida Highway Patrol -- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) -- Monson Motor Lodge -- Old Slave Market -- City Baking Company -- Bombing -- Civil Rights March -- Clash Between civil rights Workers and Segregationists -- Drive-by Shooting -- Klan Assault on Robert Hayling -- Klan March -- Klan Rally -- Picketing -- St. Augustine Quadricentennial Celebration -- Visit of Jackie Robinson -- Wade-in"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--United States--Florida"],"dcterms_title":["J.B. Stoner : Transcribed Interview"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Proctor Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://civilrights.flagler.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15415coll1/id/1047"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Flagler College is not the copyright owner for this item, nor can the College provide a copy of this item. Please contact the contributing organization to obtain a copy and permission to reproduce this item."],"dcterms_medium":["transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":["23 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Stoner, Jesse Benjamin, 1924-2005","Kallal, Edward, Jr.","Robinson, Jackie, 1919-1972","Shelley, Joseph, 1915-2007","Wilson, Gene, 1953-","Cochran, Donald","Russell, Gene, 1932-","Spelin, Gene","Bryant, Farris, 1914-2002","Davis, L. O.","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lynch, Connie (Charles Conley), 1912-1972","Manucy, Holsted, 1919-1995","Hayling, Robert Bagner","Wolfe, H.E.","Warren, Dan R., 1925-2011"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dlg_bald_am-1188","title":"--The new Reagan election committee is moving in! / Baldy, [1976 Apr. 6]","collection_id":"dlg_bald","collection_title":"Baldy Editorial Cartoons, 1946-1982, 1997: Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoons at the Richard B. Russell Library.","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Baldowski, Clifford H., 1917-1999"],"dc_date":["1976-04-06"],"dcterms_description":["The Clifford Baldowski cartoon depicts Ronald Reagan walking through a studio, followed by production staff whose briefcases are labeled \"Stand-in,\" \"Director,\" \"Asst. Director,\" \"Film editor,\" \"Screen Writer,\" \"Musical Director,\" \"Wardrobe Chief,\" \"Set Designer,\" \"Makeup Artist,\" and Special Effects Foreman.\" A chalkboard in the background reads \"Rehearsal Daily Till Election Day.\""],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["[Atlanta, Ga. : Atlanta Constitution]"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Presidents--United States--Election--1980","Political campaigns--United States"],"dcterms_title":["--The new Reagan election committee is moving in! / Baldy, [1976 Apr. 6]"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-1188#item"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-1188"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [Title of the cartoon], [Date of cartoon], editorial cartoon by Clifford H. Baldowski, Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, presented in the Digital Library of Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":["The Baldowski cartoons created for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are licensed to the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.","Contact repository re: reproduction and usage."],"dcterms_medium":["editorial cartoons"],"dcterms_extent":["1 item ; 28 x 66 cm. paper pen and ink. [Atlanta, Ga. : Atlanta Constitution, 1976 Apr. 6]"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Reagan, Ronald"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dlg_bald_am-1653","title":"--This little key-- can shut down the whole country! Sure hope the commies don't get wind of this! / Baldy, [1976 Apr. 5]","collection_id":"dlg_bald","collection_title":"Baldy Editorial Cartoons, 1946-1982, 1997: Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoons at the Richard B. Russell Library.","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Baldowski, Clifford H., 1917-1999"],"dc_date":["1976-04-05"],"dcterms_description":["The Clifford Baldowski cartoon depicts a man in a truck labeled \"cross country load haul union\" on the side of the road. He is holding up the key to the truck, showing it to his passenger."],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["[Atlanta, Ga. : Atlanta Constitution, 1976 Apr. 5]"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Strikes and lockouts--Truckers--United States","Cold War"],"dcterms_title":["--This little key-- can shut down the whole country! Sure hope the commies don't get wind of this! / Baldy, [1976 Apr. 5]"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-1653#item"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-1653"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [Title of the cartoon], [Date of cartoon], editorial cartoon by Clifford H. Baldowski, Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, presented in the Digital Library of Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":["The Baldowski cartoons created for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are licensed to the Richard B. 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