{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"suc_abaker_3115","title":"Letter, 1979, Beulah Campbell and Ruby Lanier to Augusta Baker","collection_id":"suc_abaker","collection_title":"Augusta Baker papers, 1911-1998","dcterms_contributor":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Watauga County, Boone, 36.21679, -81.67455"],"dcterms_creator":["Campbell, Beulah","Lanier, Ruby J."],"dc_date":["1979-04-20"],"dcterms_description":["Letter from Beulah Campbell and Ruby Lanier of Appalachian State University to Augusta Baker, regarding the International Children's Literature Festival. They include information relating to the festival and contact information."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. South Caroliniana Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Augusta Baker Papers, 1911-1998","Augusta Baker Papers, 1911-1998, Box 2, Folder 98. Accession 11770"],"dcterms_subject":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998--Correspondence","African American women librarians","Children's librarians","African American librarians","Women librarians","Campbell, Beulah--Correspondence","Lanier, Ruby J.--Correspondence","Festivals","Children's festivals","Storytelling festivals"],"dcterms_title":["Letter, 1979, Beulah Campbell and Ruby Lanier to Augusta Baker"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["South Caroliniana Library","University of South Carolina. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://cdm17173.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/abaker/id/3115"],"dcterms_temporal":["1970/2024"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Copyright Not Evaluated. For further information please contact The University of South Carolina, South Caroliniana Library, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["correspondence"],"dcterms_extent":["1 item"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998","Campbell, Beulah","Lanier, Ruby J."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dlg_bald_am-1625","title":"--Stop the press!-- / Baldy, [1979 Apr. 19]","collection_id":"dlg_bald","collection_title":"Baldy Editorial Cartoons, 1946-1982, 1997: Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoons at the Richard B. Russell Library.","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Baldowski, Clifford H., 1917-1999"],"dc_date":["1979-04-19"],"dcterms_description":["The Clifford Baldowski cartoon depicts a judge breaking through the door of the \"Press Room,\" holding a gavel in both hands and stepping on a doormat labeled \"First Amendment.\""],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["[Atlanta, Ga. : Atlanta Constitution, 1979 Apr. 19]"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["United States. District court (Wisconsin : Eastern District)","United States. Constitution. 1st Amendment","United States. Atomic Energy Act of 1954","Progressive","Freedom of the press--United States","Nuclear weapons--Law and legislation--United States"],"dcterms_title":["--Stop the press!-- / Baldy, [1979 Apr. 19]"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-1625#item"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-1625"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [Title of the cartoon], [Date of cartoon], editorial cartoon by Clifford H. Baldowski, Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, presented in the Digital Library of Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":["The Baldowski cartoons created for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are licensed to the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution."],"dcterms_medium":["editorial cartoons"],"dcterms_extent":["1 item ; 37 x 50 cm. paper pen and ink."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Warren, Robert W., 1925-1998"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"csu_press_11356","title":"Arnold Pinkney addresses a crowd of reporters","collection_id":"csu_press","collection_title":"Cleveland Press Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Cole, Joseph E."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, 41.4995, -81.69541"],"dcterms_creator":["Reed, Frank"],"dc_date":["1979-04-18"],"dcterms_description":["\"Arnold Pinkney\" -- photo verso."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland Memory Project"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Cleveland Press Collection","Cleveland State University. Michael Schwartz Library. Special Collections.","Cleveland Press (PH2000.000PRE)"],"dcterms_subject":["Cleveland Public Schools","School boards","Civil rights workers","Civil rights movement","Elections","African Americans"],"dcterms_title":["Arnold Pinkney addresses a crowd of reporters"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Michael Schwartz Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://clevelandmemory.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/press/id/11356"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960/1990"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["http://www.clevelandmemory.org/copyright/"],"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["7 x 9 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Pinkney, Arnold R., 1931-2014"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_abaker_3033","title":"Letter, Lee Ann Nail to Augusta Baker","collection_id":"suc_abaker","collection_title":"Augusta Baker papers, 1911-1998","dcterms_contributor":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Oklahoma, Custer County, Weatherford, 35.52616, -98.70757"],"dcterms_creator":["Nail, Lee Ann"],"dc_date":["1979-04-18"],"dcterms_description":["Handwritten letter from Lee Ann Nail to Augusta Baker, relating her pleasure at meeting Baker and thanking her for the \"fun, good ideas, and inspiration.\" She states that she will be in Ohio for the \"May 14th program\" and that she will see her then."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. South Caroliniana Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Augusta Baker Papers, 1911-1998","Augusta Baker Papers, 1911-1998, Box 2, Folder 98. Accession 11770"],"dcterms_subject":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998--Correspondence","African American women librarians","Children's librarians","African American librarians","Women librarians","Nail, Lee Ann--Correspondence","Library meetings"],"dcterms_title":["Letter, Lee Ann Nail to Augusta Baker"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["South Caroliniana Library","University of South Carolina. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://cdm17173.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/abaker/id/3033"],"dcterms_temporal":["1970/2024"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Copyright Not Evaluated. For further information please contact The University of South Carolina, South Caroliniana Library, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["correspondence"],"dcterms_extent":["1 item"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998","Nail, Lee Ann"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_h-0218","title":"Oral history interview with Conrad Odell Pearson, April 18, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Pearson, Conrad Odell, b. 1902"],"dc_date":["1979-04-18"],"dcterms_description":["Conrad Odell Pearson grew up in Durham, North Carolina. In 1932, immediately following his graduation from Howard School of Law, Pearson became involved in legally challenging segregation in higher education. The first part of the interview is dedicated to a detailed discussion of his work with fellow attorney Cecil McCoy on a case that challenged the decision of the University of North Carolina to deny admission to Thomas Hocutt, an African American, to the school of pharmacy. After the case failed in the state legal system, Pearson helped to reintroduce it at the federal level as a challenge to the Fourteenth Amendment, where it was ultimately thrown out on a technicality. Pearson continued to litigate against institutional segregation from the 1930s on, and in 1935 he helped to found the Durham Committee on Negro Affairs. In addition to describing his legal and political work for civil rights, Pearson offers an insider's perspective on race relations in Durham, primarily from the 1920s through the 1940s. Pearson devotes considerable attention to describing the ways in which James Shepard, president of the North Carolina College for Negroes (later North Carolina Central University), and C. C. Spaulding, president of North Carolina Mutual, were leading members within the African American community. In so doing, Pearson offers numerous examples of Shepard's and Spaulding's leadership qualities and their ability to work closely with white politicians for the benefit of African Americans. Throughout the interview, Pearson expresses admiration for the leadership capabilities of these men while simultaneously drawing distinctions between their moderate politics and his more radical politics regarding race relations. In addition, Pearson emphasizes that he saw Durham as more progressive in terms of race relations than many other southern communities, citing a general lack of racial discord as evidence. Whereas Pearson devotes considerable attention to describing the role of African American leaders in shaping race relations in Durham, he also offers commentary on the ways in which industrial leaders, like the Duke family and Julian Shakespeare Carr, also shaped the social and racial landscape of Durham. Finally, Pearson discusses the organization of tobacco workers as it affected African Americans in Durham. This interview offers a lively and complicated portrait of race relations in Durham, North Carolina, and the struggle for socioeconomic equality in that city.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["School integration--North Carolina","African American lawyers--North Carolina","African American civil rights workers--North Carolina","African American civil rights workers--North Carolina--Durham","African American lawyers--North Carolina--Durham","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","African American civic leaders--North Carolina--Durham","Durham Committee on Negro Affairs","Civil rights movements--North Carolina","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina","Segregation in higher education--North Carolina"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Conrad Odell Pearson, April 18, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/H-0218/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 10, 2008).","Interview participants: Conrad Odell Pearson, interviewee; Walter Weare, interviewer.","Duration: 03:18:40.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Pearson, Conrad Odell, 1902-","Spaulding, C. C. (Charles Clinton), 1874-1952","Shepard, James E."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dlg_bald_am-664","title":"--Senator, I didn't say I'de fight fer 'ya, but I don't mind holdin' y'coat! / Baldy, [1979 Apr. 18]","collection_id":"dlg_bald","collection_title":"Baldy Editorial Cartoons, 1946-1982, 1997: Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoons at the Richard B. Russell Library.","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Baldowski, Clifford H., 1917-1999"],"dc_date":["1979-04-18"],"dcterms_description":["The Clifford Baldowski cartoon depicts a man talking to Talmadge in his campaign headquarters. Talmadge is holding a raincoat full of money."],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["[Atlanta, Ga. : Atlanta Constitution, 1979 Apr. 18]"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["Elections--United States--Corrupt practices--1980"],"dcterms_title":["--Senator, I didn't say I'de fight fer 'ya, but I don't mind holdin' y'coat! / Baldy, [1979 Apr. 18]"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-664#item"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-664"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [Title of the cartoon], [Date of cartoon], editorial cartoon by Clifford H. Baldowski, Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, presented in the Digital Library of Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":["The Baldowski cartoons created for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are licensed to the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution."],"dcterms_medium":["editorial cartoons"],"dcterms_extent":["1 item ; 32 x 36 cm. paper pen and ink."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dlg_bald_am-1300","title":"--Herman forgot his overcoat! / Baldy, [1979 Apr. 17]","collection_id":"dlg_bald","collection_title":"Baldy Editorial Cartoons, 1946-1982, 1997: Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoons at the Richard B. Russell Library.","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Baldowski, Clifford H., 1917-1999"],"dc_date":["1979-04-17"],"dcterms_description":["The Clifford Baldowski cartoon depicts Betty Talmadge handing Adlai Stevenson III a tattered coat that is full of money. Stevenson is at the \"Senate Ethics Committee\" door and a trail of money is behind Betty Talmadge."],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":["chb1687"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["[Atlanta, Ga. : Atlanta Constitution, 1979 Apr. 17]"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dcterms_subject":["United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Standards and Conduct","Legislative hearings--United States","Political corruption--United States"],"dcterms_title":["--Herman forgot his overcoat! / Baldy, [1979 Apr. 17]"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-1300#item"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_bald_am-1300"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["The Baldowski cartoons created for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are licensed to the Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.","Contact repository re: reproduction and usage."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: [Title of the cartoon], [Date of cartoon], editorial cartoon by Clifford H. Baldowski, Clifford H. Baldowski Editorial Cartoon Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, presented in the Digital Library of Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["editorial cartoons"],"dcterms_extent":["1 item ; 31 x 49 cm. paper pen and ink."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Talmadge, Betty","Stevenson, Adlai E., III (Adlai Ewing), 1930-2021","Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"tws_33969_33975","title":"Jim Wood, 1979","collection_id":"tws_33969","collection_title":"Everett R. Cook Oral History Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, 35.14953, -90.04898"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1979-04-17"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/msword","image/png","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Memphis, Tenn. : Rhodes College"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["https://vimeo.com/289594835"],"dcterms_subject":["Oral history","Interviews","Memphis (Tenn.)","Mid-Memphis Improvement Association (MMIA)"],"dcterms_title":["Jim Wood, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Rhodes College"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://hdl.handle.net/10267/33975"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This item is made available with permission from the Memphis Public Library and Information Center. Permission to reproduce or publish this item is required and may be subject to copyright or other legal restrictions imposed by parties outside of the Library. Please contact the History Department of the Memphis Public Library \u0026 Information Center at 901.415.2742 or hisref@memphislibrary.org to request permission. Any image from the library's collection published in any form must cite as the source: Memphis and Shelby County Room, Memphis Public Library \u0026 Information Center."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"tws_33969_33988","title":"Mrs. Robert Williams, Evergreen resident, 1979","collection_id":"tws_33969","collection_title":"Everett R. Cook Oral History Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, 35.14953, -90.04898"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1979-04-17"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/msword","image/png","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Memphis, Tenn. : Rhodes College"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["https://vimeo.com/289551684"],"dcterms_subject":["Oral history","Interviews","Memphis (Tenn.)","Mid-Memphis Improvement Association (MMIA)","Neighborhoods","Community development"],"dcterms_title":["Mrs. Robert Williams, Evergreen resident, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Rhodes College"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://hdl.handle.net/10267/33988"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This item is made available with permission from the Memphis Public Library and Information Center. Permission to reproduce or publish this item is required and may be subject to copyright or other legal restrictions imposed by parties outside of the Library. Please contact the History Department of the Memphis Public Library \u0026 Information Center at 901.415.2742 or hisref@memphislibrary.org to request permission. Any image from the library's collection published in any form must cite as the source: Memphis and Shelby County Room, Memphis Public Library \u0026 Information Center."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0016","title":"Oral history interview with Viola Turner, April 17, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Turner, Viola G., 1900-1988"],"dc_date":["1979-04-17"],"dcterms_description":["This is the second part of an extensive two-part interview with Viola Turner, former treasurer of North Carolina Mutual in Durham and first woman on its executive board. Turner continues her vividly detailed discussion of early twentieth-century race relations from the first interview, beginning with several anecdotes about her experiences with racial discrimination while traveling by train in both the North and the South. She describes an itinerant musician she encountered in a Jim Crow train car while en route to Memphis, an experience she uses as a segue for discussing the Mississippi Blues as an especially unique form of regional African American popular culture. Although Turner argues that the Mississippi Blues was not pervasive in Durham (where she had settled in 1924), she explains that the city did have a thriving African American culture. After describing elaborate social gatherings for dancing and music within the African American community (particularly for the black middle class), Turner describes how community leaders worked to bring in prominent African American performers. According to Turner, the intricate social network of African Americans in Durham was integral in supporting African American professionals who traveled through the South. Turner also devotes considerable attention to describing the role of African American community leaders, including Dr. James E. Shepard of North Carolina Central University and C. C. Spaulding of North Carolina Mutual. As an employee of North Carolina Mutual, Turner had a unique relationship with Spaulding. She describes him as a paternal figure (she and other employees called him \"Poppa\") and offers numerous anecdotes about how he looked out for his employees. She recounts, for instance, how Spaulding ensured that his employees had the opportunity to vote by personally accompanying them through the registration process. Turner provides insight into the inner operations of North Carolina Mutual as a landmark African American business in Durham, and stresses its central role within the community. In addition, she discusses her perception of nascent civil rights efforts, such as the formation of the Durham Committee on Negro Affairs; the effort of the NAACP on behalf of Thomas Hocutt to integrate the law school of the University of North Carolina; and lingering racial tensions in Durham. Finally, Turner offers commentary on gender dynamics, sharing her thoughts on instances of sex discrimination at North Carolina Mutual, expectations of single women workers within the community, and relationships: she describes her two short-term marriages in the 1920s, and concludes the interview with a lengthy discussion of her third husband and his support of her work and in the home.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Race relations","African Americans--North Carolina--Durham--Social life and customs","African American insurance agents--North Carolina","African American women executives--North Carolina--Durham","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company--Employees","African American women in the professions--North Carolina--Durham","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina--Durham"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Viola Turner, April 17, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0016/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 06:28:10"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Turner, Viola G., 1900-1988","Spaulding, C. C. (Charles Clinton), 1874-1952"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0013-3","title":"Oral history interview with Asa T. Spaulding, April 16, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Spaulding, Asa T. (Asa Timothy), 1902-1990"],"dc_date":["1979-04-16"],"dcterms_description":["Asa T. Spaulding was born in rural North Carolina in 1902, but his scholastic aptitude soon removed him from the farm where he spent his childhood. After a high school education in Durham, North Carolina, Spaulding earned a degree from New York University and received training as an actuary at the University of Michigan. He returned to Durham to take a position at the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, a historically African American company. Spaulding eventually held its presidency, and before, during, and after attaining this leadership position, used his influence to advance the interests of the African American community. Spaulding remembers some of those efforts in this interview, including an unsuccessful try for the mayoralty in Durham and his support for a community grocery store. At the heart of this interview, sharing space with Spaulding and his relatively conservative approach to civil rights agitation, are other African American and white civil rights leaders Spaulding worked with, including the fiery but effective Dan Martin, the organizer Howard Fuller, educator Charles R. Moore, and John Wheeler, who helmed the Durham Committee on Negro Affairs. Spaulding's discussion of the committee, as well as North Carolina Mutual, highlights the importance of Durham's African American organizations in sustaining a vibrant black community, and their uncertain future in a changing state. Researchers and students interested in economic empowerment, community organizing, and African American business will find much of interest in this interview.","Researchers and students might also consult the two other interviews with Spaulding in this collection, C-0013-1 and C-0013-2. Those interested in learning more about the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company and black business in the South might turn to the interviewer's book, Black Business in the New South: A Social History of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American executives--North Carolina--Durham","African American executives--North Carolina--Durham--Attitudes","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina--Durham","Segregation--North Carolina--Durham","Durham Committee on Negro Affairs","Durham (N.C.)--Politics and government","North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company","African American business enterprises--North Carolina--Durham","African American politicians--North Carolina--Durham"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Asa T. 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(John Hervey)"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0015","title":"Oral history interview with Viola Turner, April 15, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Bibb County, Macon, 32.84069, -83.6324","United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Turner, Viola G., 1900-1988"],"dc_date":["1979-04-15"],"dcterms_description":["In this part of an extended interview, Viola Turner, treasurer of North Carolina Mutual Insurance, reflects on her childhood in Macon, Georgia. Born on February 17, 1900, Turner was the only child of her African American teenage parents. Her remembrances are of those of a joyous childhood in which her mother encouraged her to excel in school. In her vivid depictions of Macon, Georgia, Turner describes a town in which segregation was not acutely visible. She was largely unaware of racial discrimination during her childhood. Nevertheless, she discusses at length her perceptions of skin color and the ways in which some of her lighter-toned African American friends were often treated differently than those with darker skin. Educated at the American Missionary Association schools and Morris Brown, Turner's first job was as an administrative assistant at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in the summer of 1920. Shortly thereafter she took a job working for the Superintendent of Negro Education for the State of Mississippi, which she held for six months before going to work for the new branch of North Carolina Mutual that opened in Oklahoma City in 1920. Turner eventually settled in Durham, North Carolina. The latter portion of this interview focuses on her descriptions of entertainment and race relations. Specifically, Turner describes her interaction with various black performers and her experiences attending both black and white theaters in Durham. In addition, she explains her friendship with Eula Perry, who could easily \"pass\" for white, and the reactions their friendship elicited from various observers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--North Carolina--Durham--Social life and customs","African American insurance agents--North Carolina","African American women executives--North Carolina--Durham","African Americans--Georgia--Macon--Social life and customs","Macon (Ga.)--Race relations","Segregation--Georgia--Macon","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","Segregation--North Carolina--Durham","African Americans--Race identity--Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Viola Turner, April 15, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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