{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"eoa_eoaa_h-1561","title":"Democratic Party in Alabama","collection_id":"eoa_eoaa","collection_title":"Encyclopedia of Alabama","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, 32.75041, -86.75026"],"dcterms_creator":["Cotter, Patrick R."],"dc_date":["2008-06-05"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the Alabama Democratic Party which has existed for almost as long as Alabama has been a state. It was the strongest party within Alabama for most of the state's history. During the roughly fifty-year existence of the \"solid, one-party, South,\" the Democratic Party was the political party of Alabama. In recent decades, a more competitive, two-party, politics has emerged within the state, lessening Democratic Party dominance in Alabama politics. Still, roughly thirty to forty percent of Alabamians currently identify themselves as Democrats and hundreds of party members hold elected office at all levels of government throughout the state.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the Encyclopedia of Alabama."],"dc_right":null,"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Democratic Party (Ala.)","National Democratic Party of Alabama","States' Rights Democratic Party","Political parties--Alabama","Alabama--Race relations--History--20th century","Race relations","Alabama--Politics and government"],"dcterms_title":["Democratic Party in Alabama"],"dcterms_type":null,"dcterms_provenance":["Encyclopedia of Alabama (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1561"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["All rights reserved. By downloading, printing, or otherwise using text, image, logo, audio and video files from this Web site, users agree that they will limit their use of such files for purposes permitted under the fair use doctrine and will not violate EOA's or any other party's proprietary rights. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of protected materials for noncommercial educational purposes. EOA content used for such purposes does not require express permission from EOA or the Alabama Humanities Foundation, which holds the copyrights for EOA content. All other uses require written permission from the Alabama Humanities Foundation.  Permission requests may be submitted by email to: editor@encyclopediaofalabama.org or by mail to: Encyclopedia of Alabama, Attn.: Permissions, R.B. 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Department of Education"],"dc_date":["2008-06"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Little Rock, Ark. : Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Central Arkansas Library System."],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Office of Desegregation Monitoring records (BC.MSS.08.37)","History of Segregation and Integration of Arkansas's Educational System"],"dcterms_subject":["Education--Arkansas","Little Rock (Ark.). Office of Desegregation Monitoring","School integration--Arkansas","Arkansas. Department of Education","Project managers--Implements"],"dcterms_title":["Arkansas Department of Education's (ADE's) Project Management Tool"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Butler Center for Arkansas Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://arstudies.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/bcmss0837/id/66"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["project management"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":"\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n  \n\n\n   \n\n   \n\n\n   \n\n\n   \n\n\n\n\n   \n\n\n\n\n   \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n   \n\n   \n\n \n\n\n   \n\n   \n\n  \n\n\n   \n\n  \n\n \n\n\n   \n\n  \n\n \n\n\n   \n\n  \n\n  \n\nARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF Educati n Dr. T. Kenneth James, Commissioner 4 State Capitol Mall  Little Rock, AR 72201-1019 (501) 682-4475 http://ArkansasEd.org June 27, 2008 Mr. Christopher Heller Friday, Eldredge \u0026amp; Clark 400 West Capitol, Suite 2000 Little Rock, AR 72201-3493 Mr. John W. Walker John Walker, P.A. 1723 Broadway Little Rock, AR 72206 Mr. Mark Burnette Mitchell, Blackstock, Barnes, Wagoner, Ivers \u0026amp; Sneddon P. 0. Box 1510 Little Rock, AR 72203-1510 Office of Desegregation Monitoring One Union National Plaza 124 West Capitol, Suite 1895 Little Rock, AR 72201 RECEIVED Mr. Stephen W. Jones Jack, Lyon \u0026amp; Jones 425 West Capitol, Suite 3400 Little Rock, AR 72201 Mr. M. Samuel Jones III JUL 1 - 2008 OFFICE OF DESEGREGATION MONITORJNG Mitchell, Williams, Selig, Gates \u0026amp; Woodyard 425 West Capitol Avenue, Suite 1800 Little Rock, AR 72201 RE: Little Rock School District v. Pulaski County Special School District, et al. U.S. District Court No. 4:82-CV-866 WRW Dear Gentlemen: Per an agreement with the Attorney General 's Office, I am filing the Arkansas Department of Education's Project Management Tool for the month of June 2008 in the above-referenced case. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at your convenience. Genera ounsel Arkansas Department of Education SS:law cc: Scott Richardson, Attorney General's Office STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION: Chair: Diane Tatum, Pine Bluff  Vice Chair: Randy Lawson, Bentonville Members: Sherry Burrow, Jonesboro  Jim Cooper, Melbourne Brenda Gullett, Fayetteville  Dr. Tim Knight, Arkadelphia  Dr. Ben Mays, Clinton MaryJane Rebick, Little Rock  Dr. Naccaman Williams, Springdale An Equal Opportunity Employer RECEIVED JUL 1- 2008 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS WESTERN DIVISION D OFFICE OF LITTLE ROCK SCHOOL DISTRICT, ET AL PLAINTIFFlSEGREGATION MONITORING V. NO. LR-C-82-866 WRW PULASKI COUNTY SPECIAL SCHOOL DISTRICT, ET AL DEFENDANTS MRS. LORENE JOSHUA, ET AL INTERVENORS KATHERINE W. KNIGHT, ET AL INTERVENORS ADE'S PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOL In compliance with the Court's Order of December 10, 1993, the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) submits the following Project Management Tool to the parties and the Court. This document describes the progress the ADE has made since March 15, 1994, in complying with provisions of the Implementation Plan and itemizes the ADE's progress against timelines presented in the Plan. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE ACTIVITY I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS A Use the previous year's three quarter average daily membership to calculate MFPA (State Equalization) for the current school year. 1. Projected Ending Date Last day of each month, August - June. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 information available at May 31, E calculatecl the State u 07/08 subject to ts. B. Include all Magnet students in the resident District's average daily membership for calculation. 1. Projected Ending Date Last day of each month, August - June. I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS (Continued) 8. Include all Magnet students in the resident District's average daily membership for calculation. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 C. Process and distribute State MFPA. 1. Projected Ending Date Last day of each month, August - June. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 n Ma}' 31 2008 dis lows D - $60,329,57 D. Determine the number of Magnet students residing in each District and attending a Magnet School. 1 . Projected Ending Date Last day of each month, August - June. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 avai aore, tlie ADE calculatea at Ma 31, 2008 for F acrustments E. Desegregation Staff Attorney reports the Magnet Operational Charge to the Fiscal Services Office. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing, as ordered by the Court. 2 I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS (Continued) E. Desegregation Staff Attorney reports the Magnet Operational Charge to the Fiscal Services Office. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 asea on the information available.., the ADE calculated at Ma 31, 2008 for FYl 7/08 su ect to riodic adustments. It should be noted that currently the Magnet Review Committee is reporting th is information instead of the staff attorney as indicated in the Implementation Plan. F. Calculate state aid due the LRSD based upon the Magnet Operational Charge. 1. Projected Ending Date Last day of each month, August - June. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 G. Process and distribute state aid for Magnet Operational Charge. 1. Projected Ending Date Last day of each month, August - June. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 istrioutions for FY 07/08 at May_31 2008, totalea $13,86i328. Allotmen lculatect for FY 07/08 was $15 240 298 subect to ~riodic acfustments H. Calculate the amount of M-to-M incentive money to which each school district is entitled. 1. Projected Ending Date Last day of each month, August - June. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 3 I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS (Continued) I. Process and distribute M-to-M incentive checks. 1. Projected Ending Date Last day of each month, September - June. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 RSD-$'1-,077\" 101 LRSD - $2,726,7~ CSSD - $8 485 81 he allotments calculated for- FY 07/08 at MaY. 31, 2008, subject to ~riodiq i:fustments were J. Districts submit an estimated Magnet and M-to-M transportation budget to ADE. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing, December of each year. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 In September 2007, the Magnet and M-to-M transportation budgets for FY 07/08 were submitted to the ADE by the Districts. K. The Coordinator of School Transportation notifies General Finance to pay districts for the Districts' proposed budget. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing, annually. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 In September 2007, General Finance was notified to pay the third one-third payment for FY 06/07 to the Districts. In September 2007, General Finance was notified to pay the first one-third payment for FY 07/08 to the Districts. In April 2008, General Finance was notified to pay the second one-third payment for FY 07/08 to the Districts. It should be noted that the Transportation Coordinator is currently performing this function instead of Reginald Wilson as indicated in the Implementation Plan. 4 I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS (Continued) L. ADE pays districts three equal installments of their proposed budget. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing, annually. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 In September 2007, General Finance made the last one-third payment to the Districts for their FY 06/07 transportation budget. The budget is now paid out in three equal installments. At September 30, 2007, the following had been paid for FY 06/07: LRSD-$4,196,708.00 NLRSD - $1 ,151 ,109.91 PCSSD - $3,150,578.23 In September 2007, General Finance made the first one-third payment to the Districts for their FY 07 /08 transportation budget. The budget is now paid out in three equal installments. At September 30, 2007, the following had been paid for FY 07/08: LRSD - $1,401 ,196.67 NLRSD - $409,916.55 PCSSD-$1 ,127,984.50 In April 2008, General Finance made the second one-third payment to the Districts for their FY 07/08 transportation budget. The budget is now paid out in three equal installments. At April 30, 2008, the following had been paid for FY 07/08: LRSD - $2 ,802,393.34 NLRSD - $819,833.10 PCSSD - $2,255,969.00 M. ADE verifies actual expenditures submitted by Districts and reviews each bill with each District's transportation coordinator. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing, annually. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 5 I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS (Continued) M. ADE verifies actual expenditures submitted by Districts and reviews each bill with each District's transportation coordinator. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In August 1997, the ADE transportation coordinator reviewed each district's Magnet and M-to-M transportation costs for FY 96/97. In July 1998, each district was asked to submit an estimated budget for the 98/99 school year. In September 1998, paperwork was generated for the first payment in the 98/99 school year for the Magnet and M-to-M transportation program. School districts should receive payment by October 1 , 1998 In September 1999, paperwork was generated for the first payment in the 99/00 school year for the Magnet and M-to-M transportation program. In September 2000, paperwork was generated for the first payment in the 00/01 school year for the Magnet and M-to-M transportation program. In September 2001 , paperwork was generated for the first payment in the 01/02 school year for the Magnet and M-to-M transportation program. In September 2002, paperwork was generated for the first payment in the 02/03 school year for the Magnet and M-to-M transportation program. In September 2003, paperwork was generated for the first payment in the 03/04 school year for the Magnet and M-to-M transportation program. In September 2004, paperwork was generated for the first payment in the 04/05 school year for the Magnet and M-to-M transportation program. In October 2005, paperwork was generated for the first payment in the 05/06 school year for the Magnet and M-to-M transportation program. In September 2006, paperwork was generated for the first payment in the 06/07 school year for the Magnet and M-to-M transportation program. In September 2007, paperwork was generated for the first payment in the 07/08 school year for the Magnet and M-to-M transportation program . N. Purchase buses for the Districts to replace existing Magnet and M-to-M fleets and to provide a larger fleet for the Districts' Magnet and M-to-M Transportation needs. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing , as stated in Exhibit A of the Implementation Plan. 6 I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS (Continued) N. Purchase buses for the Districts to replace existing Magnet and M-to-M fleets and to provide a larger fleet for the Districts' Magnet and M-to-M Transportation needs. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In FY 94/95, the State purchased 52 buses at a cost of $1,799,431 which were added to or replaced existing Magnet and M-to-M buses in the Districts. The buses were distributed to the Districts as follows: LRSD - 32\nNLRSD - 6\nand PCSSD - 14. The ADE purchased 64 Magnet and M-to-M buses at a cost of $2,334,800 in FY 95/96. The buses were distributed accordingly: LRSD - 45\nNLRSD - 7\nand PCSSD - 12. In May 1997, the ADE purchased 16 Magnet and M-to-M buses at a cost of $646,400. In July 1997, the ADE purchased 16 Magnet and M-to-M buses at a cost of $624,879. In July 1998, the ADE purchased 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses at a cost of $695,235. The buses were distributed accordingly: LRSD - 8\nNLRSD - 2\nand PCSSD - 6. Specifications for 16 school buses have been forwarded to state purchasing for bidding in January, 1999 for delivery in July, 1999. In July 1999, the ADE purchased 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses at a cost of $718,355. The buses were distributed accordingly: LRSD - 8\nNLRSD - 2\nand PCSSD - 6. In July 2000, the ADE purchased 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses at a cost of $724,165. The buses were distributed accordingly: LRSD - 8\nNLRSD - 2\nand PCSSD - 6. The bid for 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses was let by State Purchasing on February 22, 2001 . The contract was awarded to Ward Transportation Services, Inc. The buses to be purchased include two 47 passenger buses for $43,426.00 each and fourteen 65 passenger buses for $44,289.00 each. The buses will be distributed accordingly: LRSD - 8 of the 65 passenger\nNLRSD - 2 of the 65 passenger\nPCSSD - 2 of the 47 passenger and 4 of the 65 passenger buses. On August 2, 2001 , the ADE took possession of 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses. The total amount paid was $706,898. 7 I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS (Continued) N. Purchase buses for the Districts to replace existing Magnet and M-to-M fleets and to provide a larger fleet for the Districts' Magnet and M-to-M Transportation needs. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In June 2002, a bid for 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses was awarded to Ward Transportation Services, Inc. The buses to be purchased include five 47 passenger buses for $42,155.00 each, ten 65 passenger buses for $43,850.00 each, and one 47 passenger bus with a wheelchair lift for $46,952.00. The total amount was $696,227. In August of 2002, the ADE purchased 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses. The total amount paid was $696,227. In June 2003, a bid for 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses was awarded to Ward Transportation Services, Inc. The buses to be purchased include 5 - 47 passenger buses for $47,052.00 each, and 11 - 65 passenger buses for $48,895.00 each. The total amount was $773,105. The buses will be distributed accordingly: LRSD - 8 of the 65 passenger\nNLRSD - 2 of the 65 passenger\nPCSSD - 5 of the 47 passenger and 1 of the 65 passenger buses. In June 2004, a bid for 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses was awarded to Ward Transportation Services, Inc. The price for the buses was $49,380 each for a total cost of $790,080. The buses will be distributed accordingly: LRSD - 8, NLRSD - 2, and PCSSD - 6. In June 2005, a bid for 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses was awarded to Ward Transportation Services, Inc. The buses for the LRSD include 8 - 65 passenger buses for $53,150.00 each. The buses for the NLRSD include 1 - 47 passenger bus for $52,135.00, and 1 - 65 passenger bus for $53,150.00. The buses for the PCSSD include 6 - 65 passenger buses for $53,150.00 each. The total amount was $849,385.00. In March 2006, a bid for 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses was awarded to Central States Bus Sales. The buses for the LRSD include 8 - 65 passenger buses for $56,810.00 each. The buses for the NLRSD include 1 - 47 passenger bus for $54,990.00, and 1 - 65 passenger bus for $56,810.00. The buses for the PCSSD include 6 - 65 passenger buses for $56,810.00 each. The total amount was $907,140.00. In March 2007, a bid for 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses was awarded to Central States Bus Sales. The buses for the LRSD include 4 - 47 passenger buses for $63,465.00 each, and 4 - 65 passenger buses for $66,390.00 each. The buses for the NLRSD include 2 - 47 passenger buses for $63,465.00 each. The buses for the PCSSD include 1 - 65 passenger bus with a lift for $72,440.00 and 5 - 47 passenger buses for $63,465.00 each. The total amount was $1,036,115.00. 8 I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS (Continued) N. Purchase buses for the Districts to replace existing Magnet and M-to-M fleets and to provide a larger fleet for the Districts' Magnet and M-to-M Transportation needs. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In July 2007, 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses were delivered to the districts in Pulaski County. Finance paid Central States Bus Sales $1 ,036,115. In March 2008, a bid for 16 new Magnet and M-to-M buses was awarded to Central States Bus Sales. The buses for the LRSD include 8 - 65 passenger buses for $66,405.00 each. The buses for the NLRSD include 1 - 65 passenger bus with a wheelchair lift for $72,850.00 and 1 - 47 passenger bus with a wheelchair lift for $70,620.00. The buses for the PCSSD include 2 - 65 passenger buses for $66,405.00 each, 2 - 47 passenger buses for $65,470.00 each and 2 - 47 passenger buses with wheelchair lifts for $70,620.00 each. The total amount was $1 ,079,700.00. 0 . Process and distribute compensatory education payments to LRSD as required by page 23 of the Settlement Agreement. 1. 2. Projected Ending Date July 1 and January 1, of each school year through January 1, 1999. Actual as of June 30, 2008 Obligation fulfilled in FY 96/97. P. Process and distribute additional payments in lieu of formula to LRSD as required by page 24 of the Settlement Agreement. 1. Projected Ending Date Payment due date and ending July 1, 1995. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 Obligation fulfilled in FY 95/96. Q. Process and distribute payments to PCSSD as required by Page 28 of the Settlement Agreement. 1. Projected Ending Date Payment due date and ending July 1, 1994. 9 I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS (Continued) Q. Process and distribute payments to PCSSD as required by Page 28 of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) Final payment was distributed July 1994. R. Upon loan request by LRSD accompanied by a promissory note, the ADE makes loans to LRSD. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing through July 1, 1999. See Settlement Agreement page 24. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 The LRSD received $3,000,000 on September 10, 1998. As of this reporting date, the LRSD has received $20,000,000 in loan proceeds. S. Process and distribute payments in lieu of formula to PCSSD required by page 29 of the Settlement Agreement. 1. Projected Ending Date Payment due date and ending July 1, 1995. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 Obligation fulfilled in FY 95/96. T. Process and distribute compensatory education payments to NLRSD as required by page 31 of the Settlement Agreement. 1. Projected Ending Date July 1 of each school year through June 30, 1996. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 Obligation fulfilled in FY 95/96. U. Process and distribute check to Magnet Review Committee. 1. Projected Ending Date Payment due date and ending July 1, 1995. 10 I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS (Continued) U. Process and distribute check to Magnet Review Committee. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) Distribution in July 1997 for FY 97 /98 was $75,000. This was the total amount due to the Magnet Review Committee for FY 97/98. Distribution in July 1998 for FY 98/99 was $75,000. This was the total amount due to the Magnet Review Committee for FY 98/99. Distribution in July 1999 for FY 99/00 was $92,500. This was the total amount due to the Magnet Review Committee for FY 99/00. Distribution in July 2000 for FY 00/01 was $92,500. This was the total amount due to the Magnet Review Committee for FY 00/01 . Distribution in August 2001 for FY 01/02 was $92,500. This was the total amount due to the Magnet Review Committee for FY 01/02. Distribution in July 2002 for FY 02/03 was $92,500. This was the total amount due to the Magnet Review Committee for FY 02/03. Distribution in July 2003 for FY 03/04 was $92,500. This was the total amount due to the Magnet Review Committee for FY 03/04. Distribution in July 2004 for FY 04/05 was $92,500. This was the total amount due to the Magnet Review Committee for FY 04/05. Distribution in July 2005 for FY 05/06 was $92,500. This was the total amount due to the Magnet Review Committee for FY 05/06. Distribution in July 2006 for FY 06/07 was $92,500. This was the total amount due to the Magnet Review Committee for FY 06/07. Distribution in July 2007 for FY 07/08 was $92,500. This was the total amount due to the Magnet Review Committee for FY 07/08. V. Process and distribute payments for Office of Desegregation Monitoring. 1. Projected Ending Date Not applicable. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 Distribution in July 1997 for FY 97/98 was $200,000. This was the total amount due to the ODM for FY 97/98. 11 I. FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS (Continued) V. Process and distribute payments for Office of Desegregation Monitoring. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) Distribution in July 1998 for FY 98/99 was $200,000. This was the total amount due to the QOM for FY 98/99. Distribution in July 1999 for FY 99/00 was $200,000. This was the total amount due to the ODM for FY 99/00. Distribution in July 2000 for FY 00/01 was $200,000. This was the total amount due to the ODM for FY 00/01 . Distribution in August 2001 for FY 01/02 was $200,000. This was the total amount due to the ODM for FY O 1 /02. Distribution in July 2002 for FY 02/03 was $200,000. This was the total amount due to the QOM for FY 02/03. Distribution in July 2003 for FY 03/04 was $200,000. This was the total amount due to the ODM for FY 03/04. Distribution in July 2004 for FY 04/05 was $200,000. This was the total amount due to the ODM for FY 04/05. Distribution in July 2005 for FY 05/06 was $200,000. This was the total amount due to the ODM for FY 05/06. Distribution in July 2006 for FY 06/07 was $200,000. This was the total amount due to the ODM for FY 06/07. Distribution in July 2007 for FY 07/08 was $200,000. This was the total amount due to the ODM for FY 07/08. 12 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION A. Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. 1. Projected Ending Date January 15, 1995 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 In May 1995, monitors completed the unannounced visits of schools in Pulaski County. The monitoring process involved a qualitative process of document reviews, interviews, and observations. The monitoring focused on progress made since the announced monitoring visits. In June 1995, monitoring data from unannounced visits was included in the July Semiannual Report. Twenty-five per cent of all classrooms were visited, and all of the schools in Pulaski County were monitored. All principals were interviewed to determine any additional progress since the announced visits. The July 1995 Monitoring Report was reviewed by the ADE administrative team, the Arkansas State Board of Education, and the Districts and filed with the Court. The report was formatted in accordance with the Allen Letter. In October 1995, a common terminology was developed by principals from the Districts and the Lead Planning and Desegregation staff to facilitate the monitoring process. The announced monitoring visits began on November 14, 1995 and were completed on January 26, 1996. Copies of the preliminary Semiannual Monitoring Report and its executive summary were provided to the ADE administrative team and the State Board of Education in January 1996. A report on the current status of the Cycle 5 schools in the ECOE process and their school improvement plans was filed with the Court on February 1, 1996. The unannounced monitoring visits began in February 1996 and ended on May 10, 1996. In June 1996, all announced and unannounced monitoring visits were completed, and the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Districts provided data on enrollment in compensatory education programs. The Districts and the ADE Desegregation Monitoring staff developed a definition for instructional programs. 13 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION (Continued) A Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) The Semiannual Monitoring Report was completed and filed with the Court on July 15, 1996 with copies distributed to the parties. Announced monitoring visits of the Cycle 1 schools began on October 28, 1996 and concluded in December 1996. In January 1997, presentations were made to the State Board of Education, the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Subcommittee, and the parties to review the draft Semiannual Monitoring Report. The monitoring instrument and process were evaluated for their usefulness in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on achievement disparities. In February 1997, the Semiannual Monitoring Report was filed . Unannounced monitoring visits began on February 3, 1997 and concluded in May 1997. In March 1997, letters were sent to the Districts regarding data requirements for the July 1997 Semiannual Monitoring Report and the additional discipline data element that was requested by the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Subcommittee. Desegregation data collection workshops were conducted in the Districts from March 28, 1997 to April 7, 1997. A meeting was conducted on April 3, 1997 to finalize plans for the July 15, 1997 Semiannual Monitoring Report. Onsite visits were made to Cycle 1 schools who did not submit accurate and timely data on discipline, M-to-M transfers, and policy. The July 15, 1997 Semiannual Monitoring Report and its executive summary were finalized in June 1997. In July 1997, the Semiannual Monitoring Report and its executive summary were filed with the court, and the ADE sponsored a School Improvement Conference. On July 10, 1997, copies of the Semiannual Monitoring Report and its executive summary were made available to the Districts for their review prior to filing it with the Court. In August 1997, procedures and schedules were organized for the monitoring of the Cycle 2 schools in FY 97 /98. 14 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION (Continued) A. Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) A Desegregation Monitoring and School Improvement Workshop for the Districts was held on September 10, 1997 to discuss monitoring expectations, instruments, data collection and school improvement visits. On October 9, 1997, a planning meeting was held with the desegregation monitoring staff to discuss deadlines, responsibilities, and strategic planning issues regarding the Semiannual Monitoring Report. Reminder letters were sent to the Cycle 2 principals outlining the data collection deadlines and availability of technical assistance. In October and November 1997, technical assistance visits were conducted, and announced monitoring visits of the Cycle 2 schools were completed. In December 1997 and January 1998, technical assistance visits were conducted regarding team visits, technical review recommendations, and consensus building. Copies of the infusion document and perceptual surveys were provided to schools in the ECOE process. The February 1998 Semiannual Monitoring Report was submitted for review and approval to the State Board of Education, the Director, the Administrative Team, the Attorney General's Office, and the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Subcommittee. Unannounced monitoring visits began in February 1998, and technical assistance was provided on the school improvement process, external team visits and finalizing school improvement plans. On February 18, 1998, the representatives of all parties met to discuss possible revisions to the ADE's monitoring plan and monitoring reports. Additional meetings will be scheduled. Unannounced monitoring visits were conducted in March 1998, and technical assistance was provided on the school improvement process and external team visits. In April 1998, unannounced monitoring visits were conducted, and technical assistance was provided on the school improvement process. 15 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION (Continued) A. Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In May 1998, unannounced monitoring visits were completed, and technical assistance was provided on the school improvement process. On May 18, 1998, the Court granted the ADE relief from its obligation to file the July 1998 Semiannual Monitoring Report to develop proposed modifications to ADE's monitoring and reporting obligations. In June 1998, monitoring information previously submitted by the districts in the Spring of 1998 was reviewed and prepared for historical files and presentation to the Arkansas State Board. Also, in June the following occurred: a) The Extended COE Team Visit Reports were completed, b) the Semiannual Monitoring COE Data Report was completed, c) progress reports were submitted from previous cycles, and d.) staff development on assessment (SAT-9) and curriculum alignment was conducted with three supervisors. In July, the Lead Planner provided the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Committee with (1) a review of the court Order relieving ADE of its obligation to file a July Semiannual Monitoring Report, and (2) an update of ADE's progress toward work with the parties and ODM to develop proposed revisions to ADE's monitoring and reporting obligations. The Committee encouraged ODM, the parties and the ADE to continue to work toward revision of the monitoring and reporting process. In August 1998, the ADE Implementation Phase Working group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. The Assistant Attorney General, the Assistant Director for Accountability and the Education Lead Planner updated the group on all relevant desegregation legal issues and proposed revisions to monitoring and reporting activities during the quarter. In September 1998, tentative monitoring dates were established and they will be finalized once proposed revisions to the Desegregation Monitoring Plan are finalized and approved. In September/October 1998, progress was being made on the proposed revisions to the monitoring process by committee representatives of all the Parties in the Pulaski County Settlement Agreement. While the revised monitoring plan is finalized and approved, the ADE monitoring staff will continue to provide technical assistance to schools upon request. 16 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION (Continued) A. Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In December 1998, requests were received from schools in PCSSD regarding test score analysis and staff Development. Oak Grove is scheduled for January 21 , 1999 and Lawson Elementary is also tentatively scheduled in January. Staff development regarding test score analysis for Oak Grove and Lawson Elementary in the PCSSD has been rescheduled for April 2000. Staff development regarding test score analysis for Oak Grove and Lawson Elementary in the PCSSD was conducted on May 5, 2000 and May 9, 2000 respectively. Staff development regarding classroom management was provided to the Franklin Elementary School in LRSD on November 8, 2000. Staff development regarding ways to improve academic achievement was presented to College Station Elementary in PCSSD on November 22, 2000. On November 1, 2000, the ADE Implementation Phase Working group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. The Assistant Director for Accountability updated the group on all relevant desegregation legal issues and discussed revisions to monitoring and reporting activities during the quarter. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for February 27, 2001 in room 201-A at the ADE. The Implementation Phase Working Group meeting that was scheduled for February 27 had to be postponed. It will be rescheduled as soon as possible. The quarterly Implementation Phase Working Group meeting is scheduled for June 27, 2001. The quarterly Implementation Phase Working Group meeting was rescheduled from June 27. It will take place on July 26, 2001 in room 201-A at 1 :30 p.m. at the ADE. 17 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION (Continued) A. Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On July 26, 2001 , the ADE Implementation Phase Working group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. Mr. Mark Hagemeier, Assistant Attorney General, and Mr. Scott Smith, ADE Staff Attorney, discussed the court case involving the LRSD seeking unitary status. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for October 11 , 2001 in room 201-A at the ADE. On October 11 , 2001 , the ADE Implementation Phase Working group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. Mr. Scott Smith, ADE Staff Attorney, discussed the ADE's intent to take a proactive role in Desegregation Monitoring. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for January 10, 2002 in room 201-A at the ADE. The Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting that was scheduled for January 10 was postponed. It has been rescheduled for February 14, 2002 in room 201-A at the ADE. On February 12, 2002, the ADE Implementation Phase Working group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. Mr. Mark Hagemeier, Assistant Attorney General, discussed the court case involving the LRSD seeking unitary status. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for April 11 , 2002 in room 201-A at the ADE. On April 11, 2002, the ADE Implementation Phase Working group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. Mr. Mark Hagemeier, Assistant Attorney General, discussed the court case involving the LRSD seeking unitary status. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for July 11 , 2002 in room 201-A at the ADE. 18 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION (Continued) A. Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On July 18, 2002, the ADE lmplementahon Phase Working group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. Dr. Charity Smith, Assistant Director for Accountability, talked about section XV in the Project Management Tool (PMT) on Standardized Test Selection to Determine Loan Forgiveness. She said that the goal has been completed, and no additional reporting is required for section XV. Mr. Morris discussed the court case involving the LRSD seeking unitary status. He handed out a Court Order from May 9, 2002, which contained comments from U.S. District Judge Bill Wilson Jr., about hearings on the LRSD request for unitary status. Mr. Morris also handed out a document from the Secretary of Education about the No Child Left Behind Act. There was discussion about how this could have an affect on Desegregation issues. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for October 10, 2002 at 1 :30 p. m. in room 201-A at the ADE. The quarterly Implementation Phase Working Group meeting was rescheduled from October 10. It will take place on October 29, 2002 in room 201-A at 1 :30 p.m. at the ADE. On October 29, 2002, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. Meetings with the parties to discuss possible revisions to the ADE's monitoring plan will be postponed by request of the school districts in Pulaski County. Additional meetings could be scheduled after the Desegregation ruling is finalized. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for January 9, 2003 at 1 :30 p.m. in room 201-A at the ADE. On January 9, 2003, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. No Child Left Behind and the Desegregation ruling on unitary status for LRSD were discussed. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for April 10, 2003 at 1:30 p.m. in room 201-A at the ADE. The quarterly Implementation Phase Working Group meeting was rescheduled from April 10. It will take place on April 24, 2003 in room 201-A at 1 :30 p.m. at the ADE. 19 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION (Continued) A. Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On April 24, 2003, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. Laws passed by the legislature need to be checked to make sure none of them impede desegregation. Ray Lumpkin was chairman of the last committee to check legislation. Since he left, we will discuss the legislation with Clearence Lovell. The Desegregation ruling on unitary status for LRSD was discussed. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for July 10, 2003 at 1 :30 p.m. in room 201-A at the ADE. On August 28, 2003, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. The Desegregation ruling on unitary status for LRSD was discussed. The LRSD has been instructed to submit evidence showing progress in reducing disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. This is supposed to be done by March of 2004, so that the LRSD can achieve unitary status. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for October 9, 2003 at the ADE. On October 9, 2003, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. Mark Hagemeier, Assistant Attorney General, discussed the Desegregation ruling on unitary status for LRSD. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for January 8, 2004 at the ADE. On October 16, 2003, ADE staff met with the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Subcommittee at the State Capitol. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, and Dr. Charity Smith, Assistant Director for Accountability, presented the Chronology of activity by the ADE in complying with provisions of the Implementation Plan for the Desegregation Settlement Agreement. They also discussed the role of the ADE Desegregation Monitoring Section. Mr. Mark Hagemeier, Assistant Attorney General, and Scott Smith, ADE Staff Attorney, reported on legal issues relating to the Pulaski County Desegregation Case. Ann Marshall shared a history of activities by ODM, and their view of the activity of the school districts in Pulaski County. John Kunkel discussed Desegregation funding by the ADE. 20 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION (Continued) A. Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On November 4, 2004, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. The ADE is required to check laws that the legislature passes to make sure none of them impede desegregation. Clearence Lovell was chairman of the last committee to check legislation. Since he has retired, the ADE attorney will find out who will be checking the next legislation. The Desegregation ruling on unitary status for LRSD was discussed. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for January 6, 2005 at 1 :30 p.m. in room 201-A at the ADE. On May 3, 2005, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. The PCSSD has petitioned to be released from some desegregation monitoring. There was discussion in the last legislative session that suggested all three districts in Pulaski County should seek unitary status. Legislators also discussed the possibility of having two school districts in Pulaski County instead of three. An Act was passed by the Legislature to conduct a feasability study of having only a north school district and a south school district in Pulaski County. Removing Jacksonville from the PCSSD is also being studied. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for July 7, 2005 at 1 :30 p.m. in room 201-A at the ADE. On June 20, 2006, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. ADE staff from the Office of Public School Academic Accountability updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. The purpose, content, and due date for information going into the Project Management Tool and its Executive Summary were reported. There was discussion about the three districts in Pulaski County seeking unitary status. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for October 17, 2006 at 1 :30 p.m. in room 201-A at the ADE. 21 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION (Continued) A. Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On March 16, 2007, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review previous Implementation Phase activities. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, reported that U.S. District Judge Bill Wilson Jr. declared the LRSD unitary and released the oistrict from federal court supervision. It was stated that the ADE should continue desegregation reporting until the deadline for an appeal filing has past, or until an appeal has been denied. House Bill 1829 passed the House and Senate. This says the ADE should hire consultants to determine whether and in what respects any of the Pulaski County districts are unitary. It authorizes the ADE and the Attorney General to seek proper federal court review and determination of the current unitary status and allows the State of Arkansas to continue payments under a post-unitary agreement to the three Pulaski County districts for a time period not to exceed seven years. The three Pulaski County districts may be reimbursed for legal fees incurred for seeking unitary or partial unitary status if their motions seeking unitary status or partial unitary status are filed no later than October 30, 2007, and the school districts are declared unitary or at least partially unitary by the federal district court no later than June 14, 2008. Matt McCoy and Scott Richardson from the Attorney General's Office updated the group on legal issues related to desegregation. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for July 5, 2007 at 1 :30 p.m. in room 201-A at the ADE. On July 12, 2007, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. He handed out the syllabus of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling from June 28, 2007 about the Seattle School District. The court ruled that the district could no longer use race as the only criteria for making certain elementary school assignments and to rule on transfer requests. Mr. Scott Richardson from the Attorney General's Office said that an expert was going to study the Pulaski County school districts and see what they need to do to become unitary. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for October 4, 2007 at 1 :30 p.m. in room 201-A at the ADE. 22 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION (Continued) A. Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On October 11 , 2007, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation , updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. He handed out news articles about the LRSD being declared unitary and the Joshua intervenors filing a notice of appeal to the 8th Circuit Court. The LRSD and the Joshua intervenors have asked that the appeal be put on hold while they pursue a mediated settlement. Mr. Scott Richardson from the Attorney General's Office said that the LRSD had until October 31 to respond to the appeal filed by the Joshua intervenors. He said that the NLRSD was trying to get total unitary status and the PCSSD was working on getting unitary status in their student assignment. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for January 10, 2008 at 1 :30 p.m. in room 201-A at the ADE. On January 10, 2008, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation, updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. He handed out news articles about the districts in Pulaski County seeking unitary status. The Joshua lntervenors filed a motion with the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to overturn the ruling that gave the Little Rock School District unitary status. The Little Rock School District filed its response to the motion by the Joshua lntervenors. After the Pulaski County Special School District sought unitary status, the Joshua lntervenors requested that school desegregation monitors do a study on the quality of facilities in the district, or on the district's compliance with its desegregation plan. Judge Wilson denied the requests by Joshua lntervenors. The North Little Rock School District asked for unitary status and Joshua lntervenors objected and asked for a hearing. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for April 10, 2008 at 1 :30 p.m. in room 201 -A at the ADE. 23 II. MONITORING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION (Continued) A. Begin testing and evaluating the monitoring instrument and monitoring system to assure that data is appropriate and useful in monitoring the impacts of compensatory education programs on disparities in academic achievement for black students and white students. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On April 10, 2008, the ADE Implementation Phase Working Group met to review the Implementation Phase activities for the previous quarter. Mr. Willie Morris, ADE Lead Planner for Desegregation , updated the group on all relevant desegregation issues. House Bill 1829 that passed in 2007, allowed Pulaski County districts to be reimbursed for legal fees incurred for seeking unitary or partial unitary status if they are declared unitary or at least partially unitary by the federal district court no later than June 14 of 2008. Act 2 was passed in the special legislative session that started March 31 , 2008. This extends the deadline for unitary status to be reimbursed for legal fees from June 14 to December 31 . Also discussed in the Implementation Phase meeting was the push by Jacksonville residents to establish a Jacksonville School District. On April 15, 2008, the PCSSD School Board voted 4-2 against letting Jacksonville leave the district. In 2003, U. S. District Judge Bill Wilson Jr., stopped an election in Jacksonville on forming an independent district. He said that taking Jacksonville out of the PCSSD would hinder efforts to comply with the court approved desegregation plan. A request by the PCSSD for unitary status is pending in federal district court. The next Implementation Phase Working Group Meeting is scheduled for July 10, 2008 at 1 :30 p.m. in room 201-A at the ADE. 24 Ill. A PETITION FOR ELECTION FOR LRSD WILL BE SUPPORTED SHOULD A MILLAGE BE REQUIRED A. Monitor court pleadings to determine if LRSD has petitioned the Court for a special election. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 Ongoing. All Court pleadings are monitored monthly. B. Draft and file appropriate pleadings if LRSD petitions the Court for a special election. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 To date, no action has been taken by the LRSD. 25 IV. REPEAL STATUTES AND REGULATIONS THAT IMPEDE DESEGREGATION A. Using a collaborative approach, immediately identify those laws and regulations that appear to impede desegregation. 1. Projected Ending Date December, 1994 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 The information for this item is detailed under Section IV.E. of th is report. B. Conduct a review with in ADE of existing legislation and regulations that appear to impede desegregation. C. 1. Projected Ending Date November, 1994 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 The information for this item is detailed under Section IV.E. of this report. Request of the other parties to the Settlement Agreement that they identify laws and regulations that appear to impede desegregation. 1. Projected Ending Date November, 1994 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 The information for this item is detailed under Section IV.E. of this report. D. Submit proposals to the State Board of Education for repeal of those regulations that are confirmed to be impediments to desegregation. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 The information for this item is detailed under Section IV.E. of this report. 26 IV. REPEAL STATUTES AND REGULATIONS THAT IMPEDE DESEGREGATION (Continued) E. Submit proposals to the Legislature for repeal of those laws that appear to be impediments to desegregation. 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 A committee within the ADE was formed in May 1995 to review and collect data on existing legislation and regulations identified by the parties as impediments to desegregation. The committee researched the Districts' concerns to determine if any of the rules, regulations, or legislation cited impede desegregation. The legislation cited by the Districts regarding loss funding and worker's compensation were not reviewed because they had already been litigated. In September 1995, the committee reviewed the following statutes, acts, and regulations: Act 113 of 1993\nADE Director's Communication 93-205\nAct 145 of 1989\nADE Director's Memo 91-67\nADE Program Standards Eligibility Criteria for Special Education\nArkansas Codes 6-18-206, 6-20-307, 6-20-319, and 6-17- 1506. In October 1995, the individual reports prepared by committee members in their areas of expertise and the data used to support their conclusions were submitted to the ADE administrative team for their review. A report was prepared and submitted to the State Board of Education in July 1996. The report concluded that none of the items reviewed impeded desegregation. As of February 3, 1997, no laws or regulations have been determined to impede desegregation efforts. Any new education laws enacted during the Arkansas 81 st Legislative Session will be reviewed at the close of the legislative session to ensure that they do not impede desegregation. In April 1997, copies of all laws passed during the 1997 Regular Session of the 81 st General Assembly were requested from the office of the ADE Liaison to the Legislature for distribution to the Districts for their input and review of possible impediments to their desegregation efforts. In August 1997, a meeting to review the statutes passed in the prior legislative session was scheduled for September 9, 1997. 27 IV. REPEAL STATUTES AND REGULATIONS THAT IMPEDE DESEGREGATION (Continued) E. Submit proposals to the Legislature for repeal of those laws that appear to be impediments to desegregation. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On September 9, 1997, a meeting was held to discuss the review of the statutes passed in the prior legislative session and new ADE regulations. The Districts will be contacted in writing for their input regarding any new laws or regulations that they feel may impede desegregation. Additionally, the Districts will be asked to review their regulations to ensure that they do not impede their desegregation efforts. The committee will convene on December 1, 1997 to review their findings and finalize their report to the Administrative Team and the State Board of Education. In October 1997, the Districts were asked to review new regulations and statutes for impediments to their desegregation efforts, and advise the ADE, in writing, if they feel a regulation or statute may impede their desegregation efforts. In October 1997, the Districts were requested to advise the ADE, in writing , no later than November 1, 1997 of any new law that might impede their desegregation efforts. As of November 12, 1997, no written responses were received from the Districts. The ADE concludes that the Districts do not feel that any new law negatively impacts their desegregation efforts. The committee met on December 1, 1997 to discuss their findings regarding statutes and regulations that may impede the desegregation efforts of the Districts. The committee concluded that there were no laws or regulations that impede the desegregation efforts of the Districts. It was decided that the committee chair would prepare a report of the committee's findings for the Administrative Team and the State Board of Education. The committee to review statutes and regulations that impede desegregation is now reviewing proposed bills and regulations, as well as laws that are being signed in, for the current 1999 legislative session. They will continue to do so until the session is over. The committee to review statutes and regulations that impede desegregation will meet on April 26, 1999 at the ADE. The committee met on April 26, 1999 at the ADE. The purpose of the meeting was to identify rules and regulations that might impede desegregation, and review within the existing legislation any regulations that might result in an impediment to desegregation. This is a standing committee that is ongoing and a report will be submitted to the State Board of Education once the process is completed. 28 IV. REPEAL STATUTES AND REGULATIONS THAT IMPEDE DESEGREGATION (Continued) E. Submit proposals to the Legislature for repeal of those laws that appear to be impediments to desegregation. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) The committee met on May 24, 1999 at the ADE. The committee was asked to review within the existing legislation any regulations that might result in an impediment to desegregation. The committee determined that Mr. Ray Lumpkin would contact the Pulaski County districts to request written response to any rules, regulations or laws that might impede desegregation. The committee would also collect information and data to prepare a report for the State Board. This will be a standing committee. This data gathering will be ongoing until the final report is given to the State Board. On July 26, 1999, the committee met at the ADE. The committee did not report any laws or regulations that they currently thought would impede desegregation, and are still waiting for a response from the three districts in Pulaski County. The committee met on August 30, 1999 at the ADE to review rules and regulations that might impede desegregation. At that time, there were no laws under review that appeared to impede desegregation. In November, the three districts sent letters to the ADE stating that they have reviewed the laws passed by the 82nd legislative session as well as current rules \u0026amp; regulations and district policies to ensure that they have no ill effect on desegregation efforts. There was some concern from PCSSD concerning a charter school proposal in the Maumelle area. The work of the committee is on-going each month depending on the information that comes before the committee. Any rules, laws or regulations that would impede desegregation will be discussed and reported to the State Board of Education. On October 4, 2000, the ADE presented staff development for assistant superintendents in LRSD, NLRSD and PCSSD regarding school laws of Arkansas. The ADE is in the process of forming a committee to review all Rules and Regulations from the ADE and State Laws that might impede desegregation. The ADE Committee on Statutes and Regulations will review all new laws that might impede desegregation once the 83rd General Assembly has completed this session. The ADE Committee on Statutes and Regulations will meet for the first time on June 11 , 2001 at 9:00 a.m. in room 204-A at the ADE. The committee will review all new laws that might impede desegregation that were passed during the 2001 Legislative Session. 29 IV. REPEAL STATUTES AND REGULATIONS THAT IMPEDE DESEGREGATION (Continued) E. Submit proposals to the Legislature for repeal of those laws that appear to be impediments to desegregation. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) The ADE Committee on Statutes and Regulations rescheduled the meeting that was planned for June 11 , in order to review new regulations proposed to the State Board of Education. The meeting will take place on July 16, 2001 at 9:00 a.m. at the ADE. The ADE Committee to Repeal Statutes and Regulations that Impede Desegregation met on July 16, 2001 at the ADE. The following Items were discussed: (1) Review of 2001 state laws which appear to impede desegregation. (2) Review of existing ADE regulations which appear to impede desegregation. (3) Report any laws or regulations found to impede desegregation to the Arkansas State Legislature, the ADE and the Pulaski County school districts. The next meeting will take place on August 27, 2001 at 9:00 a.m. at the ADE. The ADE Committee to Repeal Statutes and Regulations that Impede Desegregation met on August 27, 2001 at the ADE. The Committee is reviewing all relevant laws or regulations produced by the Arkansas State Legislature, the ADE and the Pulaski County school districts in FY 2000/2001 to determine if they may impede desegregation. The next meeting will take place on September 10, 2001 in Conference Room 204-B at 2:00 p.m. at the ADE. The ADE Committee to Repeal Statutes and Regulations that Impede Desegregation met on September 10, 2001 at the ADE. The Committee is reviewing all relevant laws or regulations produced by the Arkansas State Legislature, the ADE and the Pulaski County school districts in FY 2000/2001 to determine if they may impede desegregation. The next meeting will take place on October 24, 2001 in Conference Room 204-B at 2:00 p.m. at the ADE. The ADE Committee to Repeal Statutes and Regulations that Impede Desegregation met on October 24, 2001 at the ADE. The Committee is reviewing all relevant laws or regulations produced by the Arkansas State Legislature, the ADE and the Pulaski County school districts in FY 2000/2001 to determine if they may impede desegregation. On December 17, 2001 , the ADE Committee to Repeal Statutes and Regulations that Impede Desegregation composed letters that will be sent to the school districts in Pulaski County. The letters ask for input regarding any new laws or regulations that may impede desegregation. Laws to review include those of the 83rd General Assembly, ADE regulations, and regulations of the Districts. 30 IV. REPEAL STATUTES AND REGULATIONS THAT IMPEDE DESEGREGATION (Continued) . E. Submit proposals to the Legislature for repeal of those laws that appear to be impediments to desegregation. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On January 10, 2002, the ADE Committee to Repeal Statutes and Regulations that Impede Desegregation sent letters to the school districts in Pulaski County. The letters ask for input regarding any new laws or regulations that may impede desegregation. The districts were asked to respond by March 8, 2002. On March 5, 2002, A letter was sent from the LRSD which mentioned Act 1748 and Act 1667 passed during the 83rd Legislative Session which may impede desegregation. These laws will be researched to determine if changes need to be made. A letter was sent from the NLRSD on March 19, noting that the district did not find any laws which impede desegregation. On April 26, 2002, A letter was sent for the PCSSD to the ADE, noting that the district did not find any laws which impede desegregation except the \"deannexation\" legislation which the District opposed before the Senate committee. On October 27, 2003, the ADE sent letters to the school districts in Pulaski County asking if there were any new laws or regulations that may impede desegregation. The districts were asked to review laws passed during the 84th Legislative Session, any new ADE rules or regulations, and district policies. In July 2007, the ADE sent letters to the school districts in Pulaski County asking if there were any new laws or regulations that may impede desegregation. The districts were asked to review laws passed during the 86th Legislative Session, and any new ADE rules or regulations. 31 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES A. Through a preamble to the Implementation Plan, the Board of Education will reaffirm its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement and outcomes of programs intended to apply those principles. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 The preamble was contained in the Implementation Plan filed with the Court on March 15, 1994. B. Through execution of the Implementation Plan , the Board of Education will continue to reaffirm its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement and outcomes of programs intended to apply those principles. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 Ongoing C. Through execution of the Implementation Plan, the Board of Education will continue to reaffirm its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement by actions taken by ADE in response to monitoring results. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 Ongoing D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool, and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing 32 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool, and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 At each regular monthly meeting of the State Board of Education, the Board is provided copies of the most recent Project Management Tool (PMT) and an executive summary of the PMT for their review and approval. Only activities that are in addition to the Board's monthly review of the PMT are detailed below. In May 1995, the State Board of Education was informed of the total number of schools vis ited during the monitoring phase and the data collection process. Suggestions were presented to the State Board of Education on how recommendations could be presented in the monitoring reports. In June 1995, an update on the status of the pending Semiannual Monitoring Report was provided to the State Board of Education. In July 1995, the July Semiannual Monitoring Report was reviewed by the State Board of Education. On August 14, 1995, the State Board of Education was informed of the need to increase minority participation in the teacher scholarship program and provided tentative monitoring dates to facilitate reporting requests by the ADE administrative team and the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Subcommittee. In September 1995, the State Board of Education was advised of a change in the PMT from a table format to a narrative format. The Board was also briefed about a meeting with the Office of Desegregation Monitoring regarding the PMT. In October 1995, the State Board of Education was updated on monitoring timelines. The Board was also informed of a meeting with the parties regarding a review of the Semiannual Monitoring Report and the monitoring process, and the progress of the test validation study. In November 1995, a report was made to the State Board of Education regarding the monitoring schedule and a meeting with the parties concerning the development of a common terminology for monitoring purposes. In December 1995, the State Board of Education was updated regarding announced monitoring visits. In January 1996, copies of the draft February Semiannual Monitoring Report and its executive summary were provided to the State Board of Education. 33 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool , and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) During the months of February 1996 through May 1996, the PMT report was the only item on the agenda regarding the status of the implementation of the Monitoring Plan. In June 1996, the State Board of Education was updated on the status of the bias review study. In July 1996, the Semiannual Monitoring Report was provided to the Court, the parties, ODM, the State Board of Education , and the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Subcommittee. In August 1996, the State Board of Education and the ADE administrative team were provided with copies of the test validation study prepared by Dr. Paul Williams. During the months of September 1996 through December 1996, the PMTwas the only item on the agenda regarding the status of the implementation of the Monitoring Plan. On January 13, 1997, a presentation was made to the State Board of Education regarding the February 1997 Semiannual Monitoring Report, and copies of the report and its executive summary were distributed to all Board members. The Project Management Tool and its executive summary were addressed at the February 10, 1997 State Board of Education meeting regarding the ADE's progress in fulfilling their obligations as set forth in the Implementation Plan. In March 1997, the State Board of Education was notified that historical information in the PMT had been summarized at the direction of the Assistant Attorney General in order to reduce the size and increase the clarity of the report. The Board was updated on the Pulaski County Desegregation Case and reviewed the Memorandum Opinion and Order issued by the Court on February 18, 1997 in response to the Districts' motion for summary judgment on the issue of state funding for teacher retirement matching contributions. During the months of April 1997 through June 1997, the PMT was the only item on the agenda regarding the status of the implementation of the Monitoring Plan. The State Board of Education received copies of the July 15, 1997 Semiannual Monitoring Report and executive summary at the July Board meeting. 34 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool , and scrutiny of results of AD E's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) The Implementation Phase Working Group held its quarterly meeting on August 4, 1997 to discuss the progress made in attaining the goals set forth in the Implementation Plan and the critical areas for the current quarter. A special report regarding a historical review of the Pulaski County Settlement Agreement and the AD E's role and monitoring obligations were presented to the State Board of Education on September 8, 1997. Additionally, the July 15, 1997 Semiannual Monitoring Report was presented to the Board for their review. In October 1997, a special draft report regarding disparity in achievement was submitted to the State Board Chairman and the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Subcommittee. In November 1997, the State Board of Education was provided copies of the monthly PMT and its executive summary. The Implementation Phase Working Group held its quarterly meeting on November 3, 1997 to discuss the progress made in attaining the goals set forth in the Implementation Plan and the critical areas for the current quarter. In December 1997, the State Board of Education was provided copies of the monthly PMT and its executive summary. In January 1998, the State Board of Education reviewed and discussed ODM's report on the ADE's monitoring activities and instructed the Director to meet with the parties to discuss revisions to the ADE's monitoring plan and monitoring reports. In February 1998, the State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and discussed the February 1998 Semiannual Monitoring Report. In March 1998, the State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary and was provided an update regarding proposed revisions to the monitoring process. In April 1998, the State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary. In May 1998, the State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary. 35 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool, and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In June 1998, the State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary. The State Board of Education also reviewed how the ADE would report progress in the PMT concerning revisions in ADE's Monitoring Plan. In July 1998, the State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary. The State Board of Education also received an update on Test Validation, the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Committee Meeting, and revisions in ADE's Monitoring Plan. In August 1998, the State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary. The Board also received an update on the five discussion points regarding the proposed revisions to the monitoring and reporting process. The Board also reviewed the basic goal of the Minority Recruitment Committee. In September 1998, the State Board of Education reviewed the proposed modifications to the Monitoring plans by reviewing the common core of written response rece.ived from the districts. The primary commonalities were (1) Staff Development, (2) Achievement Disparity and (3) Disciplinary Disparity. A meeting of the parties is scheduled to be conducted on Thursday, September 17, 1998. The Board encouraged the Department to identify a deadline for Standardized Test Validation and Test Selection. In October 1998, the Board received the progress report on Proposed Revisions to the Desegregation Monitoring and Reporting Process (see XVIII). The Board also reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary. In November, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed the PMT and its executive summary. The Board also received an update on the proposed revisions in the Desegregation monitoring Process and the update on Test validation and Test Selection provisions of the Settlement Agreement. The Board was also notified that the Implementation Plan Working Committee held its quarterly meeting to review progress and identify quarterly priorities. In December, the State Board of Education reviewed the PMT and its executive summary. The Board also received an update on the joint motion by the ADE, the LRSD, NLRSD, and the PCSSD, to relieve the Department of its obligation to file a February Semiannual Monitoring Report. The Board was also notified that the Joshua lntervenors filed a motion opposing the joint motion. The Board was informed that the ADE was waiting on a response from Court. 36 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool, and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In January, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed the PMT and its executive summary. The Board also received an update on the joint motion of the ADE, LRSD, PCSSD, and NLRSD for an order relieving the ADE of filing a February 1999 Monitoring Report. The motion was granted subject to the following three conditions: (1) notify the Joshua intervenors of all meetings between the parties to discuss proposed changes, (2) file with the Court on or before February 1, 1999, a report detailing the progress made in developing proposed changes and (3) identify ways in which ADE might assist districts in their efforts to improve academic achievement. In February, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed the PMT and its executive summary. The Board was informed that the three conditions: (1) notify the Joshua lntervenors of all meetings between the parties to discuss proposed changes, (2) file with the Court on or before February 1, 1999, a report detailing the progress made in developing proposed changes and (3) identify ways in which ADE might assist districts in their efforts to improve academic achievement had been satisfied. The Joshua lntervenors were invited again to attend the meeting of the parties and they attended on January 13, and January 28, 1999. They are also scheduled to attend on February 17, 1998. The report of progress, a collaborative effort from all parties was presented to court on February 1, 1999. The Board was also informed that additional items were received for inclusion in the revised report, after the deadline for the submission of the progress report and the ADE would: (1) check them for feasibility, and fiscal impact if any, and (2) include the items in future drafts of the report. In March, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed the PMT and its executive summary. The Board also received and reviewed the Desegregation Monitoring and Assistance Progress Report submitted to Court on February 1, 1999. On April 12, and May 10, 1999, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed the PMT and its executive summary. The Board also was notified that once the financial section of the proposed plan was completed, the revised plan would be submitted to the board for approval. On June 14, 1999, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed the PMT and its executive summary. The Board also was notified that once the financial section of the proposed plan was completed, the revised plan would be submitted to the board for approval. 37 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool, and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On July 12, 1999, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed the PMT and its executive summary. The Board also was notified that once the financial section of the proposed plan was completed, the revised plan would be submitted to the board for approval. On August 9, 1999, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed the PMT and its executive summary. The Board was also notified that the new Desegregation Monitoring and Assistance Plan would be ready to submit to the Board for their review \u0026amp; approval as soon as plans were finalized. On September 13, 1999, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed the PMT and its executive summary. The Board was also notified that the new Desegregation Monitoring and Assistance Plan would be ready to submit to the Board for their review \u0026amp; approval as soon as plans were finalized . On October 12, 1999, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed the PMT and its executive summary. The Board was notified that on September 21 , 1999 that the Office of Education Lead Planning and Desegregation Monitoring meet before the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Subcommittee and presented them with the draft version of the new Desegregation Monitoring and Assistance Plan. The State Board was notified that the plan would be submitted for Board review and approval when finalized . On November 8, 1999, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of October. On December 13, 1999, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of November. On January 10, 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of December. On February 14, 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of January. On March 13, 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of February. On April 10, 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of March. 38 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool, and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On May 8, 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of April. On June 12, 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of May. On July 10, 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of June. On August 14, 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of July. On September 11 , 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of August. On October 9, 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of September. On November 13, 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of October. On December 11 , 2000, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of November. On January 8, 2001 , the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of December. On February 12, 2001 , the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of January. On March 12, 2001 , the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of February. On April 9, 2001 , the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of March. On May 14, 2001 , the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of April. On June 11 , 2001, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of May. 39 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool , and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On July 9, 2001 , the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of June. On August 13, 2001 , the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of July. On September 10, 2001 , the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of August. On October 8, 2001 , the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of September. On November 19, 2001 , the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of October. On December 10, 2001 , the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of November. On January 14, 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of December. On February 11 , 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of January. On March 11 , 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of February. On April 8, 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of March. On May 13, 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of April. On June 10, 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of May. On July 8, 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of June. On August 12, 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of July. 40 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool, and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On September 9, 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of August. On October 14, 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of September. On November 18, 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of October. On December 9, 2002, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of November. On January 13, 2003, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of December. On February 10, 2003, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of January. On March 10, 2003, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of February. On April 14, 2003, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of March. On May 12, 2003, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of April. On June 9, 2003, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of May. On August 11, 2003, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the months of June and July. On September 8, 2003, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of August. On October 13, 2003, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of September. On November 10, 2003, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of October. 41 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool, and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On January 12, 2004, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of December. On February 9, 2004, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of January. On March 8, 2004, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of February. On April 12, 2004, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of March. On May 10, 2004, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of April. On June 14, 2004, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of May. On August 9, 2004, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the months of June and July. On September 12, 2004, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of August. On October 11, 2004, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of September. On November 8, 2004, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of October. On January 10, 2005, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the months of November and December. On February 14, 2005, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of January. On March 14, 2005, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of February. On April 11, 2005, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of March. 42 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool , and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On May 9, 2005, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of April. On June 13, 2005, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of May. On July 11 , 2005, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of June. On August 8, 2005, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of July. On September 12, 2005, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of August. On October 10, 2005, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of September. On November 14, 2005, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of October. On January 9, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the months of November and December. On February 13, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of January. On March 13, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of February. On April 10, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of March. On May 8, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of April. On June 12, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of May. On July 10, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of June. 43 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool, and scrutiny of results of AD E's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On August 14, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of July. On September 11, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of August. On October 9, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of September. On November 13, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of October. On December 11, 2006, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of November. On January 17, 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of December. On February 12, 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of January. On March 12, 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of February. On April 9, 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of March. On May 14, 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of April. On June 11 , 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of May. On July 9, 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of June. On August 13, 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of July. On September 10, 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of August. On October 8, 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of September. 44 V. COMMITMENT TO PRINCIPLES (Continued) D. Through regular oversight of the Implementation Phase's Project Management Tool, and scrutiny of results of ADE's actions, the Board of Education will act on its commitment to the principles of the Settlement Agreement. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On November 5, 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of October. On December 10, 2007, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of November. On January 15, 2008, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of December. On February 11 , 2008, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of January. On March 10, 2008, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of February. On April 21 , 2008, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of March. On May 12, 2008, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of April. On June 9, 2008, the Arkansas State Board of Education reviewed and approved the PMT and its executive summary for the month of May. 45 VI. REMEDIATION A. Through the Extended COE process, the needs for technical assistance by District, by School, and by desegregation compensatory education programs will be identified. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 During May 1995, team visits to Cycle 4 schools were conducted, and plans were developed for reviewing the Cycle 5 schools. In June 1995, the current Extended COE packet was reviewed, and enhancements to the Extended COE packet were prepared. In July 1995, year end reports were finalized by the Pulaski County field service specialists, and plans were finalized for reviewing the draft improvement plans of the Cycle 5 schools. In August 1995, Phase I - Cycle 5 school improvement plans were reviewed. Plans were developed for meeting with the Districts to discuss plans for Phase II - Cycle 1 schools of Extended COE, and a school improvement conference was conducted in Hot Springs. The technical review visits for the FY 95/96 year and the documentation process were also discussed. In October 1995, two computer programs, the Effective Schools Planner and the Effective Schools Research Assistant, were ordered for review, and the first draft of a monitoring checklist for Extended COE was developed. Through the Extended COE process, the field service representatives provided technical assistance based on the needs identified within the Districts from the data gathered. In November 1995, ADE personnel discussed and planned for the FY 95/96 monitoring, and onsite visits were conducted to prepare schools for the FY 95/96 team visits. Technical review visits continued in the Districts. In December 1995, announced monitoring and technical assistance visits were conducted in the Districts. At December 31 , 1995, approximately 59% of the schools in the Districts had been monitored. Technical review visits were conducted during January 1996. In February 1996, announced monitoring visits and midyear monitoring reports were completed, and the field service specialists prepared for the spring NCA/COE peer team visits. 46 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) A. Through the Extended COE process, the needs for technical assistance by District, by School, and by desegregation compensatory education programs will be identified. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In March 1996, unannounced monitoring visits of Cycle 5 schools commenced, and two-day peer team visits of Cycle 5 schools were conducted. Two-day team visit materials, team lists and reports were prepared. Technical assistance was provided to schools in final preparation for team visits and to schools needing any school improvement information. In April and May 1996, the unannounced monitoring visits were completed. The unannounced monitoring forms were reviewed and included in the July monitoring report. The two-day peer team visits were completed, and annual COE monitoring reports were prepared. In June 1996, all announced and unannounced monitoring visits of the Cycle 5 schools were completed, and the data was analyzed. The Districts identified enrollment in compensatory education programs. The Semiannual Monitoring Report was completed and filed with the Court on July 15, 1996, and copies were distributed to the parties. During August 1996, meetings were held with the Districts to discuss the monitoring requirements. Technical assistance meetings with Cycle 1 schools were planned for 96/97. The Districts were requested to record discipline data in accordance with the Allen Letter. In September 1996, recommendations regarding the ADE monitoring schedule for Cycle 1 schools and content layouts of the semiannual report were submitted to the ADE administrative team for their review. Training materials were developed and schedules outlined for Cycle 1 schools. In October 1996, technical assistance needs were identified and addressed to prepare each school for their team visits. Announced monitoring visits of the Cycle 1 schools began on October 28, 1996. In December 1996, the announced monitoring visits of the Cycle 1 schools were completed , and technical assistance needs were identified from school site visits. In January 1997, the ECOE monitoring section identified technical assistance needs of the Cycle 1 schools, and the data was reviewed when the draft February Semiannual Monitoring Report was presented to the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Subcommittee, the State Board of Education, and the parties. 47 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) A. Through the Extended COE process, the needs for technical assistance by District, by School, and by desegregation compensatory education programs will be identified. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In February 1997, field service specialists prepared for the peer team visits of the Cycle 1 schools. NCA accreditation reports were presented to the NCA Committee, and NCA reports were prepared for presentation at the April NCA meeting in Chicago. From March to May 1997, 111 visits were made to schools or central offices to work with principals, ECOE steering committees, and designated district personnel concerning school improvement planning. A workshop was conducted on Learning Styles for Geyer Springs Elementary School. A School Improvement Conference was held in Hot Springs on July 15-17, 1997. The conference included information on the process of continuous school improvement, results of the first five years of COE, connecting the mission with the school improvement plan, and improving academic performance. Technical assistance needs were evaluated for the FY ~7 /98 school year in August 1997. From October 1997 to February 1998, technical reviews of the ECOE process were conducted by the field service representatives. Technical assistance was provided to the Districts through meetings with the ECOE steering committees, assistance in analyzing perceptual surveys, and by providing samples of school improvement plans, Gold File catalogs, and web site addresses to schools visited. Additional technical assistance was provided to the Districts through discussions with the ECOE committees and chairs about the process. In November 1997, technical reviews of the ECOE process were conducted by the field service representatives in conjunction with the announced monitoring visits. Workshops on brainstorming and consensus building and asking strategic questions were held in January and February 1998. In March 1998, the field service representatives conducted ECOE team visits and prepared materials for the NCA workshop. Technical assistance was provided in workshops on the ECOE process and team visits. In April 1998, technical assistance was provided on the ECOE process and academically distressed schools. In May 1998, technical assistance was provided on the ECOE process, and team visits were conducted. 48 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) A. B. Through the Extended COE process, the needs for technical assistance by District, by School, and by desegregation compensatory education programs will be identified. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In June 1998, the Extended COE Team Visit Reports were completed. A School Improvement Conference was held in Hot Springs on July 13-15, 1998. Major conference topics included information on the process of continuous school improvement, curriculum alignment, \"Smart Start,\" Distance Learning , using data to improve academic performance, educational technology, and multicultural education . All school districts in Arkansas were invited and representatives from Pulaski County attended . In September 1998, requests for technical assistance were received, visitation schedules were established, and assistance teams began visiting the Districts. Assistance was provided by telephone and on-site visits. The ADE provided inservice training on \"Using Data to Sharpen the Focus on Student Achievement\" at Gibbs Magnet Elementary school on October 5, 1998 at their request The staff was taught how to increase test scores through data disaggregation, analysis, alignment, longitudinal achievement review, and use of individualized test data by student, teacher, class and content area. Information was also provided regarding the \"Smart Start\" and the \"Academic Distress\" initiatives. On October 20, 1998, ECOE technical assistance was provided to Southwest Jr. High School. Identify available resources for providing technical assistance for the specific condition, or circumstances of need, considering resources within ADE and the Districts, and also resources available from outside sources and experts. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 The information for this item is detailed under Section VI.F. of this report. C. Through the ERIC system, conduct a literature search for research evaluating compensatory education programs. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing 49 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) C. D. Through the ERIC system, conduct a literature search for research evaluating compensatory education programs. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 An updated ERIC Search was conducted on May 15, 1995 to locate research on evaluating compensatory education programs. The ADE received the updated ERIC disc that covered material through March 1995. An ERIC search was conducted in September 30, 1996 to identify current research dealing with the evaluation of compensatory education programs, and the articles were reviewed. An ERIC search was conducted in April 1997 to identify current research on compensatory education programs and sent to the Cycle 1 principals and the field service specialists for their use. An Eric search was conducted in October 1998 on the topic of Compensatory Education and related descriptors. The search included articles with publication dates from 1997 through July 1998. Identify and research technical resources available to ADE and the Districts through programs and organizations such as the Desegregation Assistance Center in San Antonio, Texas. 1. Projected Ending Date Summer 1994 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 The information for this item is detailed under Section VI.F. of this report. E. Solicit, obtain , and use available resources for technical assistance. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 The information for this item is detailed under Section VI.F. of this report. 50 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) F. Evaluate the impact of the use of resources for technical assistance. 1. Projected Ending Date Ongoing 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 From March 1995 through July 1995, technical assistance and resources were obtained from the following sources: the Southwest Regional Cooperative\nUALR regarding training for monitors\nODM on a project management software\nADHE regarding data review and display\nand Phi Delta Kappa, the Desegregation Assistance Center and the Dawson Cooperative regarding perceptual surveys. Technical assistance was received on the Microsoft Project software in November 1995, and a draft of the PMT report using the new software package was presented to the ADE administrative team for review. In December 1995, a data manager was hired permanently to provide technical assistance with computer software and hardware. In October 1996, the field service specialists conducted workshops in the Districts to address their technical assistance needs and provided assistance for upcoming team visits. In November and December 1996, the field service specialists addressed technical assistance needs of the schools in the Districts as they were identified and continued to provide technical assistance for the upcoming team visits. In January 1997, a draft of the February 1997 Semiannual Monitoring Report was presented to the State Board of Education, the Desegregation Litigation Oversight Subcommittee, and the parties. The ECOE monitoring section of the report included information that identified technical assistance needs and resources available to the Cycle 1 schools. Technical assistance was provided during the January 29-31, 1997 Title I MidWinter Conference. The conference emphasized creating a learning community by building capacity schools to better serve all children and empowering parents to acquire additional skills and knowledge to better support the education of their children. In February 1997, three ADE employees attended the Southeast Regional Conference on Educating Black Children. Participants received training from national experts who outlined specific steps that promote and improve the education of black children. 51 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) F. Evaluate the impact of the use of resources for technical assistance. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On March 6-9, 1997, three members of the ADE's Technical Assistance Section attended the National Committee for School Desegregation Conference. The participants received training in strategies for Excellence and Equity: Empowerment and Training for the Future. Specific information was received regarding the current status of court-ordered desegregation, unitary status, and resegregation and distributed to the Districts and ADE personnel. The field service specialists attended workshops in March on ACT testing and school improvement to identify technical assistance resources available to the Districts and the ADE that will facilitate desegregation efforts. ADE personnel attended the Eighth Annual Conference on Middle Level Education in Arkansas presented by the Arkansas Association of Middle Level Education on April 6-8, 1997. The theme of the conference was Sailing Toward New Horizons. In May 1997, the field service specialists attended the NCA annual conference and an inservice session with Mutiu Fagbayi. An Implementation Oversight Committee member participated in the Consolidated COE Plan inservice training. In June and July 1997, field service staff attended an SAT-9 testing workshop and participated in the three-day School Improvement Conference held in Hot Springs. The conference provided the Districts with information on the COE school improvement process, technical assistance on monitoring and assessing achievement, availability of technology for the classroom teacher, and teaching strategies for successful student achievement. In August 1997, field service personnel attended the ASCD Statewide Conference and the AAEA Administrators Conference. On August 18, 1997, the bi-monthly Team V meeting was held and presentations were made on the Early Literacy Learning in Arkansas (ELLA) program and the Schools of the 21st Century program. In September 1997, technical assistance was provided to the Cycle 2 principals on data collection for onsite and offsite monitoring. ADE personnel attended the Region VI Desegregation Conference in October 1997. Current desegregation and educational equity cases and unitary status issues were the primary focus of the conference. On October 14, 1997, the bi-monthly Team V meeting was held in Paragould to enable members to observe a 21st Century school and a school that incorporates traditional and multi-age classes in its curriculum . 52 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) F. Evaluate the impact of the use of resources for technical assistance. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) In November 1997, the field service representatives attended the Governor's Partnership Workshop to discuss how to tie the committee's activities with the ECOE process. In March 1998, the field service representatives attended a school improvement conference and conducted workshops on team building and ECOE team visits. Staff development seminars on Using Data to Sharpen the Focus on Student Achievement are scheduled for March 23, 1998 and March 27, 1998 for the Districts. In April 1998, the Districts participated in an ADE seminar to aid them in evaluating and improving student achievement. In August 1998, the Field Service Staff attended inservice to provide further assistance to schools, i.e., Title I Summer Planning Session, ADE session on Smart Start, and the School Improvement Workshops. All schools and districts in Pulaski County were invited to attend the \"Smart Start\" Summit November 9, 10, and 11 to learn more about strategies to increase student performance. \"Smart Start\" is a standards-driven educational initiative which emphasizes the articulation of clear standards for student achievement and accurate measures of progress against those standards through assessments, staff development and individual school accountability. The Smart Start Initiative focused on improving reading and mathematics achievement for all students in Grades K-4. Representatives from all three districts attended. On January 21 , 1998, the ADE provided staff development for the staff at Oak Grove Elementary School designed to assist them with their efforts to improve student achievement. Using achievement data from Oak Grove, educators reviewed trends in achievement data, identified areas of greatest need, and reviewed seven steps for improving student performance. On February 24, 1999, the ADE provided staff development for the administrative staff at Clinton Elementary School regarding analysis of achievement data. On February 15, 1999, staff development was rescheduled for Lawson Elementary School. The staff development program was designed to assist them with their efforts to improve student achievement using achievement data from Lawson, educators reviewed the components of the Arkansas Smart Initiative, trends in achievement data, identified areas of greatest need, and reviewed seven steps for improving student performance. Student Achievement Workshops were rescheduled for Southwest Jr. High in the Little Rock School District, and the Oak Grove Elementary School in the Pulaski County School District. 53 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) F. Evaluate the impact of the use of resources for technical assistance. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On April 30, 1999, a Student Achievement Workshop was conducted for Oak Grove Elementary School in PCSSD. The Student Achievement Workshop for Southwest Jr. High in LRSD has been rescheduled. On June 8, 1999, a workshop was presented to representatives from each of the Arkansas Education Service Cooperatives and representatives from each of the three districts in Pulaski County. The workshop detailed the Arkansas Comprehensive Testing , Assessment and Accountability Program (ACTAAP). On June 18, 1999, a workshop was presented to administrators of the NLRSD. The workshop detailed the Arkansas Comprehensive Testing, Assessment and Accountability Program (ACTAAP). On August 16, 1999, professional development on ways to increase student achievement and the components of the new ACTAAP program was presented during the preschool staff development activities for teaching assistant in the LRSD. On August 20, 1999, professional development on ways to increase student achievement and the components of the new ACTAAP program was presented during the preschool staff development activities for the Accelerated Learning Center in the LRSD. On September 13, 1999, professional development on ways to increase student achievement and the components of the new ACT AAP program were presented to the staff at Booker T. Washington Magnet Elementary School. On September 27, 1999, professional development on ways to increase student achievement was presented to the Middle and High School staffs of the NLRSD. The workshop also covered the components of the new ACTAAP program, and ACT 999 of 1999. On October 26, 1999, professional development on ways to increase student achievement was presented to LRSD personnel through a staff development training class. The workshop also covered the components of the new ACT AAP program , and ACT 999 of 1999. On December 7, 1999, professional development on ways to increase student achievement was scheduled for Southwest Middle School in the LRSD. The workshop was also set to cover the components of the new ACTAAP program , and ACT 999 of 1999. However, Southwest Middle School administrators had a need to reschedule, therefore the workshop will be rescheduled. 54 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) F. Evaluate the impact of the use of resources for technical assistance. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On January 10, 2000, professional development on ways to increase student achievement was conducted for both Dr. Martin Luther King Magnet Elementary School \u0026amp; Little Rock Central High School. The workshops also covered the components of the new ACTAAP program, and ACT 999 of 1999. On March 1, 2000, professional development on ways to increase student achievement was conducted for all principals and district level administrators in the PCSSD. The workshop also covered the components of the new ACTAAP program, and ACT 999 of 1999. On April 12, 2000, professional development on ways to increase student achievement was conducted for the LRSD. The workshop also covered the components of the new ACTAAP program, and ACT 999 of 1999. Targeted staffs from the middle and junior high schools in the three districts in Pulaski County attended the Smart Step Summit on May 1 and May 2. Training was provided regarding the overview of the \"Smart Step\" initiative, \"Standard and Accountability in Action ,\" and \"Creating Learning Environments Through Leadership Teams:\" The ADE provided training on the development of alternative assessment September 12-13, 2000. Information was provided regarding the assessment of Special Education and LEP students. Representatives from each district were provided the opportunity to select a team of educators from each school within the district to participate in professional development regarding Integrating Curriculum and Assessment K-12. The professional development activity was directed by the national consultant, Dr. Heidi Hays Jacobs, on September 14 and 15, 2000. The ADE provided professional development workshops from October 2 through October 13, 2000 regarding, \"The Write Stuff: Curriculum Frameworks, Content Standards and Item Development.\" Experts from the Data Recognition Corporation provided the training. Representatives from each district were provided the opportunity to select a team of educators from each school within the district to participate. The ADE provided training on Alternative Assessment Portfolio Systems by video conference for Special Education and LEP Teachers on November 17, 2000. Also, Alternative Assessment Portfolio System Training was provided for testing coordinators through teleconference broadcast on November 27, 2000. 55 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) F. Evaluate the impact of the use of resources for technical assistance. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On December 12, 2000, the ADE provided training for Test Coordinators on end of course assessments in Geometry and Algebra I Pilot examination. Experts from the Data Recognition Corporation conducted the professional development at the Arkansas Teacher Retirement Building. The ADE presented a one-day training session with Dr. Cecil Reynolds on the Behavior Assessment for Children (BASC). This took place on December 7, 2000 at the NLRSD Administrative Annex. Dr. Reynolds is a practicing clinical psychologist. He is also a professor at Texas A \u0026amp; M University and a nationally known author. In the training , Dr. Reynolds addressed the following : 1) how to use and interpret information obtained on the direct observation form, 2) how to use th is information for programming , 3) when to use the BASC, 4) when to refer for more or additional testing or evaluation , 5) who should complete the forms and when , (i .e., parents, teachers, students), 6) how to correctly interpret scores. This training was intended to especially benefit School Psychology Specialists, psychologists, psychological examiners, educational examiners and counselors. During January 22-26, 2001 the ADE presented the ACT AAP Intermediate (Grade 6) Benchmark Professional Development Workshop on Item Writing . Experts from the Data Recognition Corporation provided the training . Representatives from each district were invited to attend. On January 12, 2001 the ADE presented test administrators training for mid-year End of Course (Pilot) Algebra I and Geometry exams. This was provided for schools with block scheduling. On January 13, 2001 the ADE presented SmartScience Lessons and worked with teachers to produce curriculum . This was shared with eight Master Teachers. The SmartScience Lessons were developed by the Arkansas Science Teachers Association in conjunction with the Wilbur Mills Educational Cooperative under an Eisenhower grant provided by the ADE. The purpose of SmartScience is to provide K-6 teachers with activity-oriented science lessons that incorporate reading , writing , and mathematics skills. The following training has been provided for educators in the three districts in Pulaski County by the Division of Special Education at the ADE since January 2000: On January 6, 2000, training was conducted for the Shannon Hills Pre-school Program, entitled \"Things you can do at home to support your child 's learning.\" This was presented by Don Boyd - ASERC and Shelley Weir. The school's director and seven parents attended. 56 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) F. Evaluate the impact of the use of resources for technical assistance. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On March 8, 2000, training was conducted for the Southwest Middle School in Little Rock, on ADD. Six people attended the training. There was follow-up train ing on Learning and Reading Styles on March 26. This was presented by Don Boyd - ASERC and Shelley Weir. On September 7, 2000, Autism and Classroom Accommodations for the LRSD at Chicot Elementary School was presented. Bryan Ayres and Shelley Weir were presenters. The participants were: Karen Sabo, Kindergarten Teacher\nMelissa Gleason, Paraprofessional\nCurtis Mayfield, P.E. Teacher\nLisa Poteet, Speech Language Pathologist\nJane Harkey, Principal\nKathy Penn-Norman, Special Education Coordinator\nAlice Phillips, Occupational Therapist. On September 15, 2000, the Governor's Developmental Disability Coalition Conference presented Assistive Technology Devices \u0026amp; Services. This was held at the Arlington Hotel in Hot Springs. Bryan Ayres was the presenter. On September 19, 2000, Autism and Classroom Accommodations for the LRSD at Jefferson Elementary School was presented. Bryan Ayres and Shelley Weir were presenters. The participants were: Melissa Chaney, Special Education Teacher\nBarbara Barnes, Special Education Coordinator\na Principal, a Counselor, a Librarian, and a Paraprofessional. On October 6, 2000, Integrating Assistive Technology Into Curriculum was presented at a conference in the Hot Springs Convention Center. Presenters were: Bryan Ayers and Aleecia Starkey. Speech Language Pathologists from LRSD and NLRSD attended. On October 24, 2000, Consideration and Assessment of Assistive Technology was presented through Compressed Video-Teleconference at the ADE facility in West Little Rock. Bryan Ayres was the presenter. On October 25 and 26, 2000, Alternate Assessment for Students with Severe Disabilities for the LRSD at J. A. Fair High School was presented. Bryan Ayres was the presenter. The participants were: Susan Chapman, Special Education Coordinator\nMary Steele, Special Education Teacher\nDenise Nesbit, Speech Language Pathologist\nand three Paraprofessionals. On November 14, 2000, Consideration and Assessment of Assistive Technology was presented through Compressed Video-Teleconference at the ADE facility in West Little Rock. Bryan Ayres was the presenter. On November 17, 2000, training was conducted on Autism for the LRSD at the Instructional Resource Center. Bryan Ayres and Shelley Weir were presenters. 57 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) F. Evaluate the impact of the use of resources for technical assistance. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On December 5, 2000, Access to the Curriculum Via the use of Assistive Technology Computer Lab was presented. Bryan Ayres was the presenter of this teleconference. The participants were: Tim Fisk, Speech Language Pathologist from Arch Ford Education Service Cooperative at Plumerville and Patsy Lewis, Special Education Teacher from Mabelvale Middle School in the LRSD. On January 9, 2001 , Consideration and Assessment of Assistive Technology was presented through Compressed Video-Teleconference at the ADE facility in West Little Rock. Bryan Ayres was the presenter. Kathy Brown, a vision consultant from the LRSD, was a participant. On January 23, 2001 , Autism and Classroom Modifications for the LRSD at Brady Elementary School was presented. Bryan Ayres and Shelley Weir were presenters. The participants were: Beverly Cook, Special Education Teacher\nAmy Littrell, Speech Language Pathologist\nJan Feurig, Occupational Therapist\nCarolyn James, Paraprofessional\nCindy Kackly, Paraprofessional\nand Rita Deloney, Paraprofessional. The ADE provided training on Alternative Assessment Portfolio Systems for Special Education and Limited English Proficient students through teleconference broadcast on February 5, 2001. Presenters were: Charlotte Marvel, ADE\nDr. Gayle Potter, ADE\nMarcia Harding, ADE\nLynn Springfield, ASERC\nMary Steele, J. A. Fair High School, LRSD\nBryan Ayres, Easter Seals Outreach. This was provided for Special Education teachers and supervisors in the morning, and Limited English Proficient teachers and supervisors in the afternoon. The Special Education session was attended by 29 teachers/administrators and provided answers to specific questions about the alternate assessment portfolio system and the scoring rubric and points on the rubric to be used to score the portfolios. The LEP session was attended by 16 teachers/administrators and disseminated the common tasks to be included in the portfolios: one each in mathematics, writing and reading. On February 12-23, 2001 , the ADE and Data Recognition Corporation personnel trained Test Coordinators in the administration of the spring Criterion-Referenced Test. This was provided in 20 sessions at 10 regional sites. Testing protocol, released items, and other testing materials were presented and discussed. The sessions provided training for Primary, Intermediate, and Middle Level Benchmark Exams as well as End of Course Literacy, Algebra and Geometry Pilot Tests. The LRSD had 2 in attendance for the End of Course session and 2 for the Benchmark session. The NLRSD had 1 in attendance for the End of Course session and 1 for the Benchmark session. The PCSSD had 1 in attendance for the End of Course session and 1 for the Benchmark session. 58 VI. REMEDIATION (Continued) F. Evaluate the impact of the use of resources for technical assistance. (Continued) 2. Actual as of June 30, 2008 (Continued) On March 15, 2001 , there was a meeting at the ADE to plan professional development for staff who work with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) students. A $30,000 grant has been created to provide LEP training at Chicot Elementary for a year, starting in April 2001. A $40,000 grant was created to provide a Summer English as Second Language (ESL) Academy for the LRSD from June 18 through 29, 2001. Andre Guerrero from the ADE Accountability section met with Karen Broadnax, ESL Coordinator at LRSD, Pat Price, Early Childhood Curriculum Supervisor at LRSD, and Jane Harkey, Principal of Chicot Elementary. On March 1-2 and 8-29, 2001 , ADE staff performed the following activities: processed registration for April 2 and 3 Alter\nThis project was supported in part by a Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives project grant from The Andrew W. 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Students from Atlanta's historically black colleges formed the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR)in March 1960. The COAHR worked with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee to compel local restaurants and hotels to desegregate. The efforts met with limited success until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.","GSE identifier: SS8H11"],"dc_format":["text/html"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["Sit-ins--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstration--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Race relations","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations","Committee on Appeal for Human Rights","African American college students--Georgia--Atlanta","College students--Georgia--Atlanta","Social integration--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in public accommodations--Georgia--Atlanta","Central business districts--Georgia--Atlanta","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Direct action--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["Atlanta sit-ins"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/atlanta-sit-ins/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"[article name],\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_desegregation-of-higher-education","title":"Desegregation of higher education","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Hatfield, Edward A."],"dc_date":["2008-05-28"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the desegregation of universities and colleges in Georgia, beginning with the University of Georgia in 1961. Under court order, Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter began attending the University of Georgia on January 9, 1961. One of their lawyers, Horace T. Ward, had unsuccessfully tried to apply to the University of Georgia Law School in the 1950s. Georgia Institute of Technology voluntarily integrated in August 1961. Two of the state's private schools, Emory University in Atlanta and Mercer University in Macon, integrated in 1962 and 1963 respectively. Other Georgia institutions, including Berry College in Rome and Fort Valley State College, are also discussed.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.","GSE identifier: SS8H11"],"dc_format":["text/html"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation in higher education--Georgia","Race relations","Georgia--Race relations","Race discrimination--Georgia","African American college students--Georgia","College students--Georgia","Universities and colleges--Georgia","University of Georgia","Emory University","Georgia Institute of Technology","Mercer University","Georgia State University"],"dcterms_title":["Desegregation of higher education"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/desegregation-of-higher-education/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"[article name],\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gych_rogp_031","title":"Richard Guthman, 22 May 2008.","collection_id":"gych_rogp","collection_title":"Reflections on Georgia Politics oral history collection, 2006-2010","dcterms_contributor":["Short, Bob, 1932-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Guthman, Richard, 1934","Short, Bob, 1932"],"dc_date":["2008-05-22"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview Guthman discusses his experience working on the Atlanta City Council beginning in 1973. He addresses his activities as chair of the Finance Committee and the Development Committee while working with Mayors Sam Massell, Maynard Jackson, and Andrew Young. Guthman's discussion covers a wide range of developments in Atlanta, including the creation of MARTA, Highway 400, the growth of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, the 1996 Summer Olympics, and a growing business community. He also remarks on race relations in Atlanta and its suburbs and the role of race in the political sphere. Finally, Guthman shares his political philosophy as a self-described fiscal conservative and social moderate, and discusses the changes in the party makeup of Georgia.","Finding aid available in repository.","Interviewed by Bob Short.","Richard Guthman was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended Cornell for two years and graduated from Georgia Tech in 1956 with a degree in industrial engineering. He served in the U.S. Army. Guthman became interested in various civic organizations, including chairing the Police Committee. In 1966, as a Republican, he ran an unsuccessful campaign for a seat in Congress. Upon his narrow defeat, he was elected chairman of the Fulton County Republican Party. In 1973, he ran for a position on the Atlanta City Council, representing District Eight. On the city council, he maintained his platform as a fiscal conservative and social moderate, serving under Atlanta's first African-American mayor, Maynard Jackson. He was chair of the Development Committee, and oversaw developments in MARTA, the Downtown Connector, and Highway 400. He served on the Atlanta City Council until 1988."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Reflections on Georgia Politics Oral History Collection","http://sclfind.libs.uga.edu/sclfind/view?docId=ead/RBRL220ROGP.xml"],"dcterms_subject":["Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority","Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport","Olympic Games--1996 :--Atlanta, Ga.)","Olympic Games","City council members--Georgia--Atlanta","Political parties--Georgia","City council members","Political parties","Politics and government","Race relations","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations","Atlanta (Ga.)--Politics and government","Georgia","Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["Richard Guthman, 22 May 2008."],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://purl.libs.uga.edu/russell/RBRL220ROGP-031/ohms"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Reflections on Georgia Politics Oral History Collection, ROGP 031, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia, 30602-1641."],"dlg_local_right":["Resources may be used under the guidelines described by the U.S. Copyright Office in Section 107, Title 17, United States Code (Fair use). Parties interested in production or commercial use of the resources should contact the Russell Library for a fee schedule."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","interviews"],"dcterms_extent":["1 interview (105 min.) : sd., col."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Jackson, Maynard, 1938-2003","Guthman, Richard, 1934-","Massell, Sam","Young, Andrew, 1932-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":"Richard Guthman interviewed by Bob Short \r\n2008 May 22 \r\nHiawassee, GA \r\nReflections on Georgia Politics \r\nROGP-031 \r\nOriginal: video, 105 minutes \r\n \r\nsponsored by: \r\nRichard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies \r\nUniversity of Georgia Libraries \r\nand \r\nYoung Harris College \r\n \r\nDate of Transcription:  September 20, 2009 \r\n \r\nBOB SHORT:  Hello.  Im Bob Short and this is Reflections on Georgia Politics.  Its May 22, 2008, and our guest today is Richard Guthman, long-time member of the Atlanta City Council and a long-time active member of the Georgia Republican Party.  Richard, were honored to have you on our program today.   \r\n \r\nRICHARD GUTHMAN:  Bob, Im honored that you have come to my house on Lake Chatuge in Towns County, the home of Zell Miller.  And its just a pleasure to welcome you here. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Well, before we get into your political career, Richard, tell us about yourself and how you became interested in politics. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Im a native Atlantan, born at the old Piedmont Hospital over where the old Atlanta Stadium used to be  in right field, I think.  I went to public school in Atlanta.  After graduating from Grady High, I went off to Cornell for two years.  My father thought it would be a good idea if I saw some other part of the country, and Cornell did have and still does a very fine engineering school.  I was there for two years, decided the weather was too cold, and came back home and entered Georgia Tech where I received my degree in industrial engineering in 1956.  I worked for Montag Brothers, the old Blue Horse School Supply people, for a number of years.  My father had been there ever since he graduated from Georgia Tech.   \r\nI spent two years in the Army in Philadelphia, came back, and proceeded in my career.  I got interested in several civic activities, the Visiting Nurse Association being the most prominent one.  I was also selected to serve on a Fulton County Grand Jury one time.  I think I was the youngest person ever to have achieved that honor.  And I got interested in the police activities.  I chaired the Police Committee and I used to ride with the police on Friday nights and all that great, exciting stuff.  But it created within me an interest in what was going on in government and in the City of Atlanta and Fulton County.  And one thing led to another and I became active in the Republican Party of Fulton County, was elected Chairman of the Fulton County Party in 1971, and stayed in that position until I ran for the City Council in 1973.   \r\nPrior to that, however, in 1966, I got talked into running for the State Legislature as a Republican in Fulton County, which was  it was a countywide race.  There was only one  well, actually, only two other Republican elected officials in Fulton County at that time:  Richard Freeman, who later was a judge (he was on the Board of Aldermen); and Rodney Cook, who was on the Board of Aldermen.  Both of them were very helpful to me and very, very fine people, and that was my introduction actually into elected office. \r\nAfter I lost the election  by a very small margin  I stayed active in the Republican Party and, as I said earlier, became Chairman.  And then when the City Council  or when the State  changed the Charter of the City of Atlanta allowing for district elections, I decided that I would run for District 8, which was basically northwest Atlanta.  And with the help of a lot of volunteers, it was a five  it was nonpartisan.  It was a five-person race.  Everett Millikin, who had been a member of the Board of Aldermen, who was very instrumental in getting the Charter changed and was my main opponent, and we had a runoff and I beat him rather soundly.   \r\nAn interesting thing, which is sort of apropos of todays politics with McCain, is that I was young, in my 30s.  Everett Millikin was older, probably at least in his 60s at that time.  But I made a decided effort that I would never ever mention his name  not his name, but his age.  I also was told, Dont ever mention his name, because that was advertising free for him, so I used to call him my opponent.  We were on a WADE debate, just the two of us, and he pulled out during this debate this brochure that I had distributed which essentially said that Ill be around to run in 1977 and four years after that and four years after that and four years after that.  And he said, Its not right that you should call me old.  And I looked at him and I said, Mr. Millikin, Ive never said a word about your age.  Youre the one who said youre old.  [Laughter]  And so, as I said, I won big  by 57 percent of the vote  which was pretty healthy.  One of my key advisors at the time said to me, Richard, with that majority in your district, youll never have any opposition in future elections.  And he was right.  I had three reelections and never had any opposition in any of those elections, and I went on Council in January of 1974. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  If you dont mind, let me ask you this question.  How would you define your political philosophy? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, I guess basically its less government in general.  I really believe in individual freedom.  I believe the government has a strong responsibility to protect the public health, public safety and, obviously, defense of the country, and to maintain a stable financial environment.  But to get involved in the nitty-gritty of daily life, I just think government ought to stay out of that and I guess thats why Im a Republican.  I am probably  I am  fiscally conservative, I am socially moderate, and I think that the American people have enough sense to know what to do and, where things cannot be accomplished by people and its necessary, then government should play a role -- primarily I think as a facilitator. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  So in 1974 after defeating Mr. Millikin, you went down to the City Hall... \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Correct. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  ...with a brand new set of City Councilpersons. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Thats correct.  We had  this was the first time, because of the individual district, there were 18 members of Council.  Six ran at large, had to live in the district in which they were running, but they ran at large.  Six  12  ran in individual districts, and that allowed for a racially equal split on Council.  There were nine whites, nine blacks.  The President of the Council  or the Vice Mayor  was white.  The Mayor Maynard Jackson was black.  So we were as racially equal as could be, and it represented basically the demographics of Atlanta. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Uh-huh.  Richard, theres one thing Ive always admired about you and that was your ability to work across party and racial lines while you were a member of the City Council.   \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, the idea of being in government is to get something accomplished.  If you cant work with other members of the legislative body, then youre not going to get anything accomplished.  And the City  running a city or a local government  theres very little partisan politics or partisan philosophy, frankly, that gets involved.  Sewers are not political.  Traffic is not political (or shouldnt be).  So my challenge was to work with people who had  who came from  a different background than I came from, who had different interests than I did, but to understand their points of view and to respect those even if I disagreed with them.   \r\nOne of the lessons I learned early was taught to me by Q. V. Williamson, who had been a member of the Board of Aldermen for a number of years, a tower in the black community, in government particularly, and he told me, he said, Richard, you can disagree vehemently and passionately with an issue, but let it be on the issue and not on the personality.  And people have found it difficult how I could disagree with somebody so passionately on a particular issue and, after the vote, could go over and put my arms around them and wed go out and have a beer after the session.  But thats the way it is.  Politics today, unfortunately, has gotten very personal and people arent friends with each other anymore and that, I think, has gone a long way to create the animosity and the divisiveness that we see in government today. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  The Mayor was Maynard Jackson, newly elected.  Went into office, new City Council.  Was government at that point in turmoil? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Government was not in turmoil.  It may have seemed as though it was in turmoil because the City, by and large, had a very good underlying bureaucracy that knew how to get things done, how to get the nuts and bolts of running a government:  paving the streets, fixing the water lines, making sure the traffic lights worked, policing.  What made this new government somewhat difficult was it changed the method of governing from what had been a strong aldermanic/weak mayor system to a strong mayor/council system.  No longer were the committees of Council responsible for the departments in government.  The Mayor, that was his responsibility.   \r\nThe only caveat to that was the Finance Department had a split, dual reporting responsibility.  It reported both to Council as well as to the Mayor.  That made for some interesting situations in legislation and in philosophy later on, but the Legislature had seen to it that the Charter  it was a strong Charter; it had some very strong language about the Citys finances, which prevented the City from having any operating debt.  It could have bond indebtedness but through a referendum, but it could not have  it had to have a balanced budget every time.  And so if the proposed budget was not in balance, then you had to have a couple of things take place.  You either had to reduce the budget, raise the revenue (which generally meant raising taxes), or a combination.  But we had to have a budget, it had to be balanced, and it had to be approved by the, I believe it was the third Monday in March of every year.  \r\nThere were a lot of disagreements between members of Council and the Mayor.  Maynard Jackson was a strong individual, a very articulate individual, a person whom it was very easy to be friends with.  He had a strong personality, a great and engaging personality.  Could speak several languages fluently.  But he had his opinions and his strongest opinions had to do with what he envisioned was control of a number of activities which heretofore had been legislatively controlled.  Appointments to the Zoning Board, as an example.  He also was very, very strong on the minority participation in contracts and that led to a lot of disagreements over time, but his principle was right.  His tactics sometimes were irritating.  He did not get along well with the business community, which he could have but he didnt.  That was just his way.  So a lot of things that happened, happened much more difficult to get done than they could have gotten done. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  One of the things that sticks in my mind was a personnel matter that occurred shortly after he took office, and that involved the Chief of Police. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  John Inman was the Chief of Police.  He had been appointed by Sam Massell in Sam Massells previous administration, but he had an unusual situation.  He had an eight-year contract.  Most department heads had four-year contracts.  And I dont know why he had an eight-year; I was not involved at the time.  And Maynard Jackson tried to move John Inman out, but he couldnt because of this contract.  So what he did was, in essence, he created a Department of Public Safety, the Police Department became a bureau, and the Fire Department became a bureau under the Department of Public Safety, and the Commissioner of Public Safety was Reginald Eaves, and so that  who, in effect, became the Police Chief.  And John Inman just stayed on, occupied his position, but really didnt have any influence in the running of the Police Department after that. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  You always impressed me as a public servant who is forever brimming with new ideas on how Atlanta could improve its government.  Youve made a lot of solid suggestions that were adopted and maybe a few that werent.  \r\n \r\n [Laughter]   \r\n \r\nSHORT: But are you satisfied with your successes? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, I never kept score as to a success or a defeat.  My major accomplishments I think occurred in the financial arena.  I became Chair of the Finance Committee and served in that position for a number of years and was not very popular in that position because there were a lot of things that the City was asked to do that I thought  and others thought  that were against what the City Charter said we could do.  The City of Atlanta, interestingly enough, at that time (and I dont know what the Charter now says) could not engage in social services and could only do the nuts and bolts:  police, fire, pick up the garbage, keep the water running, run the parks, pave the streets, traffic control.  It had no control and no interest  or I say no interest; no influence or no oversight on  Grady Hospital.   \r\nWe had in our budget, and had been for a number of years, eight childcare facilities that I dont know how they got into the budget, but they were.  And we continued to fund those via a contract.  Anybody that got money from the City that wasnt a part of the City  wasnt a City service or a City department  had to have a contract with the City to provide services, whatever they might be.  And so the City paid for services of eight childcare centers primarily in the black community.  And it also had a contract with the Woodruff Arts Center to provide services of the Atlanta Symphony and other activities of the Woodruff Arts Center for schoolchildren.  And I was a stickler about that.  I never will forget one instance in which Daddy King  Martin Luther King, Sr.  came before the Finance Committee and he was advocating funding for another daycare center, and I said, Reverend King, Im sorry, but Im just not going to support that because of our setup and our financial condition.  And he looked at me straight in the eye and he shook a finger in my face and he says, Guthman, you are a racist.  And I said, Well, I dont think thats got anything to do with it, but nonetheless, and it did not get included.  But that was sort of a defining moment for me.  Id never had anybody shake their finger in my face before then [chuckling] and accuse me of being  of being racist.   \r\nThere were some interesting things.  We had this minority participation that had to happen.  When I chaired the Development Committee my first year in office, we were debating the development around MARTA stations, and the station that was involved was on the west side of town, the furtherest(sic) station out.  And we were describing the land use plan for that what kind of things, and one member of Council said  of the Committee  said, Well, the people that can develop this, we should limit that to only minorities.  And I understood why he was saying it, because it was in that part of town.  And so I [chuckling] adding or wanting to add a little levity to the situation, which was my  I always wanted to do that; I used to like to poke fun at myself, not at the responsibility but myself  because people couldnt laugh.  They couldnt, you know, they couldnt enjoy what they were doing.  So I said, I said, Well, that means that I can have a contract.  And they all looked at me like I was sort of nuts and they said, What do you mean by that?  I said, Well, you said only minorities and Im certainly a minority on Council.  Im white.  Ive been accused of coming from an affluent district.  Im short.  Im redhead.  Im Jewish.  I said, Thats about as minority as you can be, so I ought to be able to get a contract.  And they looked at me in all seriousness and said, Well, thats not the way its defined in the Congressional Record as a minority.  And I said, Okay.  [Laughing] \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Speaking of levity, I remember hearing you speak once  it might have been to the Buckhead Association  when you referred to your colleagues as the kitty council.  Was that  was that a joke or was that just a Freudian slip? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, maybe both.  [Laughter]  We were, you know, we were new essentially, and we would squabble like children do but not anywhere near as bad as what its come to now.  So while I dont remember that particular remark, its very possible that I said it. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Lets talk for a minute about MARTA.  MARTA really got into being while you were a member of the City Council.  Tell us about the development of MARTA. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, MARTA actually started prior to that, and I think the first referendum was in 69 or 70, something in that date, and it was defeated rather roundly.  And there are several reasons for that (which are unimportant).  It was revived again in, I think, was it 71 or 72?  And I was appointed a Vice Chair of the Committee to have a successful referendum.  Emmet Bondurant, a very fine attorney in Atlanta, a good friend, and Andrew Young were Chairs of the Committee.  I was a Vice Chair.  My responsibility was basically to get the referendum passed from North Avenue north to the City limits.  That was my responsibility.  And that part of the City did; it voted in favor of MARTA.  I went out night after night  it was a political campaign  giving speeches to small groups about MARTA and what it would do, etc.  And it became the referendum passed. \r\nOur first activities as far as a Council was to condemn land.  MARTA would ask us to condemn certain pieces of land.  If we couldnt get it done voluntarily, we used the eminent domain process.  We then got involved in the station area planning, which I mentioned earlier.  And, beyond that, we were really  we, the Council  if people didnt like what MARTA was doing or if the bulldozers made too much noise or whatever it was, people would complain to us.  We were the elected officials.  We had no responsibility.  MARTA was an authority, which a lot of people dont like for the simple reason that it has no elected responsibility.  So we took a lot of heat from the construction of MARTA.  But that was fine.  That was all fair game.  By and large, the City Council was in favor of what MARTA wanted to do. \r\nThe key to the, I think, to the success of that referendum was at the very last moment almost, Sam Massell, who was Mayor at the time, he proposed that MARTA have a 15 cent fare across the board from the furtherest(sic) point; made no difference how far you traveled.  And that 15 cents was going to last for a number of years.  And I think that was really what swung the vote, and I give Sam a lot of credit for understanding really the psychology necessary to succeed with that referendum. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Well, as you look back on MARTA today, do you think that it would have been much more effective if Cobb County and Gwinnett County and Clayton County had opted in instead of refusing to join? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Absolutely.  Absolutely.  And certainly the growth of the metropolitan area that has taken place since that time demonstrates the need for that.  All you have to do is look at I-75, look at I-85/75 in the south, look at going east and going west.  Well, not so much west then, but certainly now.  Had those counties participated, it wouldve been a much better system and it would have encompassed  because both Cobb County now and Gwinnett County now run their own rapid transit buses, if you will, into Atlanta to hook up to MARTA stations.  Its a shame that that didnt happen and, obviously, most people understand the reason for that:  it was race.  Pure and simple, it was race.  It was not economies.  The people in those counties would not have objected to the 1 percent sales tax.  They all have that now.  But it was purely a matter of race.  They thought that if they became part of the MARTA system, it would bring blacks into their essentially all-white counties. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  While were on the subject of transportation, let me ask you this question.  Do you think it was wise to funnel traffic from two major interstate highways directly through the center of Atlanta on what is now known as the Downtown Connector? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  If there could have been a better solution to that, it may have been wise to do it.  But remember there was already an Atlanta Expressway.  It didnt go very far, but it came  it was essentially what is now known as the Downtown Connector.  It split the City in two  east and west.  That was a major mistake because it stayed divided for many, many years.  Just relatively in the last 8 to 10 years has that gap really been bridged, both literally and figuratively.  That route was there; to do it otherwise would have put in more  two other  roads probably through the City.  285 took some of that traffic off from a traffic point of view.  If youre coming in from the north and you want to get out on the south and have no business in the City, you would take  you take  285, as trucks are supposed or are required.  That was something, by the way, that the Council got the Department of Transportation to put that rule in where through trucks could not drive through the Downtown Connector.  They had to  their bills of lading had to  show a delivery or a pickup in the City in order to do that.  Thats why the trucks go around now and not through. \r\nFrom a planning point of view, probably should have  maybe should have  been done a different way.  But planning by textbook and planning by practicality are two different things.  The practical aspect of it was Atlanta already had a Downtown Connector built prior to the interstate system.  So it was only natural that that take place.  It has certain advantages where you have three interstates that intersect at essentially the State Capitol area.  Thats unique.  It brings a lot of things into the City which otherwise may not have come, would have bypassed the City, and youve got to remember that Atlanta was formed  was born  as a transportation center and a hub, and the interstate system has maintained that for better or for worse. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Tell us about 400. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  [Laughing]  400 had been  or the extension of 400 through the City had been  on the planning books for years.  When Jimmy Carter was President and 400 was planned to come through the City, through the Morningside/Rock Springs area, and go south and link up with 285 in the south.  When Jimmy Carter was Governor, he, by Executive Order or whatever, axed that plan.  So 400 came to 285 essentially and stopped.  Later, it was proposed to come south and go down to, I dont know, just, you know, south of North Avenue somewhere in that area and the MARTA plan showed that with a busway in it.  And it stayed on the books.  And then the State proposed the extension of 400 as a toll road, probably the first toll road other than the bridge going over to Jekyll Island, that the State has.  I think its still the only toll road.  Anyway, I was Chairman of the Transportation Committee, which played a very pivotal role in getting that approved.  It was hotly opposed by all the neighborhood groups.  It was coming through north Atlanta, through the Ivy Road area in there, but it had a lot of sense in that it would connect a growing part of the northern metro area to the City and allow people in the City to get to that northern area where there was not any practical way to get to it.  And I took on the task of getting that through Council.  I had a lot of angry calls about that because a lot of my strong supporters were opposed to any new road.   \r\nI went to Commissioner Moreland  Tom Moreland  with the Department of Transportation, who was pushing the road, obviously, and said, Ill support it if, and this was a big if, the plans for MARTA change instead of from a busway to a rail line.  Well, that took a lot of talking and a lot of doing.  MARTA agreed to it and finally Tom Moreland agreed to it.  So a rail line was proposed.  I went to work to support that, and I think we won by about maybe one or two votes on Council.  And now while some people say its a headache, if you look at it every day, the traffic on 400 is just amazing.  It opens up the south to the north part and likewise opens up the north to the south part.  I dont know how many thousands of cars go through there every day.  And the toll road was eminently successful; in fact, so successful that I think the State a few years ago was trying to use some of that money for purposes other than what it was originally designed for. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Atlanta's Mayors played musical chairs for several years there.  Mayor Jackson was in office for eight years and he was succeeded by Andrew Young.  Lets talk a little bit about Andrew Young.  You served with him.  What kind of a Mayor was he? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Andy Young was an exceptionally good Mayor.  His personality was terrific.  He worked well with the business community.  He knew how to take two opposing sides who were daggers-in with each other and sort of bring them together.  He used to start off with a meeting when you had these opposites ready to do mortal combat, and hed put his hands together and hed say, Now lets pray about this.  And he had that kind of personality.  You could disagree with Andy, but you could never dislike Andy.  He was one of the few that you just could not dislike, so it was a pleasure working with Andy.  He had vision  he truly had vision  of what he saw Atlantas potential to be:  an international city.   \r\nHe was obviously instrumental in getting the Olympics here in 1996.  In fact, I think the two most influential people that got Atlanta the Olympics, in addition to the idea of Billy Paynes, was Andy Young because he was able to really secure the votes from the African countries and Pat Crecine, who was at the time President of Georgia Tech, and he designed or had designed  it was his vision  a virtual tour (we think nothing of that today, but that didnt exist back then) a virtual tour of what the Georgia Tech campus would look like as an Olympic village, what the venues would look like, what the housing would look like, and that was part of  that became part of  the presentation.  And that was  no one had done that before.  That was the first time that that had ever been done.  Today, no one gives that kind of presentation a thought, but it was Pat Crecine who came up with that.  And the Olympics, while some people thought it might have been disruptive to the City, in the long run the Olympics did more to put Atlanta on the map internationally and nationally than any other activity, I think.  And Andy had a lot to do with that. \r\nAndy was interested in trade and he just knew how to deal with people and how to get that.  He was  I cant remember any significant issue that came before Council where, at least from my perspective, I had any violent disagreement with Andy.  He was  he was receptive to people with alternative ideas of how to accomplish something, and thats important.  The Mayor is the mayor.  The Mayor is the chief executive officer.  But a CEO who doesnt want to get ideas from other people is not likely to be a successful CEO.  Andy was successful. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Richard, you were there for what, 14 years? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  14 years. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  What sort of turnover did you have in the Council during that period. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, initially, we were six  I mean, we were nine and nine:  nine white, nine black.  In the next election in 1977, as I recall, that ratio changed and it became majority black because some of the white members of Council who were there got elected in 1973 and were holdovers from the old Board of Aldermen.  And they had  they had been there for a long time and their age caught up with them and they retired.  And so they, a lot of them, lived in areas which had become black, and so thats what  thats what changed.  And when I left, I believe (and my memory sometimes is not always that clear) but I think we had gotten to where there were probably 12 black and six white. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Uh-huh.  Who were some of the leaders on the Council back then? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, Ive already mentioned Q. V. Williamson who was a strong leader.  Marvin Arrington was a leader.  He later became Council President when Wyche Fowler went on to Congress.  Ira Jackson was a leader.  Panky Bradley[ph], who succeeded Nick Lambros.  She was, she was a leader.  Buddy Fowlkes.  They were strong leaders and they were  they did their part well on Council. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  In the history of Atlantas growth, one of the outstanding things has been the Atlanta Airport. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  I think we all have Bill Hartsfield to thank for that.  He had the vision to see an old dirt racetrack into the leading, busiest airport in the world.  One of the first things that was before Maynard Jackson in 1974 was the development or redevelopment or expansion of the airport essentially as we know it today.  He put George Berry in charge of getting that done.  George, as so many people will know, is from Blairsville, a graduate of Young Harris College.  And he, George, is an amazing public servant and he sort of shepherded that thing.  There were a lot of debates because this was when the minority business participation was at its beginning and there was a lot of controversy.  What constituted a minority business?  How much of a companys business is supposed to be minority in order to qualify as a minority?  The courts had ruled that you couldnt set a specific percentage, but somehow or another the accepted figure was that a majority contractor had to have at least a 25 percent minority participation.  Some of those were very legitimate, Herman Russell being a good example of that.  Others were shams and that got pointed out later. \r\nBut the key about that development, more than anything else, was it came in on time and under budget for the building of the four runways and the big terminal facility.   \r\nOne of the things that comes to mind about that is that I was Chairman of the Finance Committee during this construction.  Ira Jackson was Chairman of the Transportation Committee at that time.  We came within a couple of months of the opening of the airport and Maynard had not agreed to contracts with the rental car companies because they did not have minority participation.  Well, it was pretty hard for the City of Atlanta to dictate to Hertz and to Avis and some of the national car rental people what their structure ought to be.  We certainly bought automobiles from companies who  GM, Ford  didnt have that kind of thing, but Maynard was insistent upon this.  So Ira Jackson and I, on our own, we went to see some of the legal representatives locally of the rental car companies.  And we talked with them and we finally agreed on a solution that the minority participation could be variable.  It could be different things.  They might buy their cars from a minority-owned automobile dealership locally.  That was one way of having minority participation.  They might buy their supplies from a minority-owned company locally.  So we worked out a deal, in essence, and Maynard almost at the last moment before the opening ceremony agreed to that, and thats how the airport opened with the rental cars in place.  Otherwise, it wouldve opened without any rental cars.  Well, you can imagine what disaster that would have been. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Well, there have been continuing questions over the awards of business licenses to vendors at the airport.  Does the Council approve those or are those chosen by the Mayor? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  What the Council did at the very beginning was create a master vendor contract, and it was up to the master vendor to select his subcontractors, the individual.  And that worked fairly well for a while because the Council didnt  rightly so  didnt want to be involved in having to approve and make contracts with individual companies.  I mean, you know, there are hundreds of vendors at the airport and to have to get involved in each one of those would have been a nightmare beyond all nightmares.  So we had a master contract.  That worked well for a while.  Then some of the subcontractors started complaining that the rent they were paying was too high and they couldnt  they wanted their rent lowered, and we had to hear a lot of those.  And when I would ask the subcontractor, Can we examine your books?  I mean, youre telling us, as the members of Council, that youre not making any money, but while you might not be, if were going to make some changes, we have to at least examine your books.  And almost to an individual, they said, No.  you cant examine our books.  Well, that said to me that if they dont want  if their books cant stand  an audit by the City, the agency or the group that theyre asking to do something about it, then I didnt have a whole lot of respect for their dire  alleged dire  needs. \r\nOne example, without getting into details, was involving a vendor who sold ice cream.  And I suggested to the vendor that, I can buy ice cream  your cone of ice cream  at the airport cheaper than I can buy it from Baskin \u0026 Robbins.  And I said, That doesnt make any sense to me.  Youre the only selling ice cream at the airport.  If you need more revenue, why dont you raise the price of your ice cream cones?  That, to me, was how supply and demand works anyway.  [Chuckling] \r\n \r\nSHORT:  For a while there, Atlanta went through a serious time of urban flight.  It seems now that the suburbans are moving back to town.  What sort of pressure is that going to put on the future of the City government in Atlanta? \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, the pressures will be the same.  Even if there were people who didnt live in  who didnt sleep in  Atlanta, they spent their day in Atlanta, so the needs to have all the infrastructure were just as great.  But I think its an interesting development which is happening about the in-flight now rather than the  or the inward movement rather than the  out-flight.  Most people left Atlanta, I think, because for a couple of reasons.  One, they could move to the outer counties and their taxes were lower.  They still are lower.  Atlanta has a high tax rate compared to the surrounding counties.   But a lot of it was racial.  They were afraid of a black City government.  They were afraid of black neighbors.  They were afraid of a black school system.  So it was easier just to move out and commute back in. \r\nWell, several things have happened since that time.  The City has survived and has prospered with essentially a black government, with essentially black neighbors, with essentially a black school system.  It could be better, but everything could be better.  Just because its black doesnt mean its going to be worse.  In fact, quite the contrary in a lot of situations.  But in the neighborhood that I used to live in, in northwest Atlanta, Buckhead  Buckhead has a high (not as high as the southwest side of town, obviously) but has a number of black families living, working in Buckhead.  And whats happened is that the economics of things have developed in such a way that I always said that green was the most powerful color  not whether you were white or whether you were black, but green, meaning your economic status.  And the black, middle upper class now has really developed into a very strong influential part of the City.   \r\nPlus, the transportation problem.  If youre going to get stuck on 75 or 85 in either direction, north or south, for several hours trying to commute, particularly when the price of gasoline keeps going up, youre going to want to live where you can walk to your job or where you can hop on a MARTA train or bus and get to your work.   \r\nSo there have been a lot of things that have influenced, that have done that.  And that has been a good thing because a lot of the areas that had gone down, deteriorated  Midtown being a tremendous example of that  has now had a huge rebirth.  Just drive  just drive in Midtown and see all the construction cranes, and most of these are combination condo buildings/hotel/office buildings.  A whole new concept for Atlanta. \r\nBuckhead has had a tremendous growth lately.  And you drive down Peachtree now in Buckhead, in the very heart of Buckhead between Paces Ferry and Pharr Road, there is this gigantic hole in the ground where a huge development is coming up out of the ground.  Condo, office, hotel and shops.  I mean, thats just a marvelous combination. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Vertically.   \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Vertically. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Yeah. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Vertically. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  [Indiscernible] \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  There is no more room.  The square foot is so expensive that you have to go up. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Richard, some say a billion, some say more, but there seems to be a high price tag on repairing Atlantas infrastructure. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  And it is.  It is a high price tag.  One of the  in my second year, second or third year on Council  I chaired the Public Utilities Committee which had the responsibility of infrastructure.  And, at that time, I identified conservatively about $800,000 worth of repairs needed to bridges and storm sewers.  $800,000.  That was probably in 1975 or 6.  Today, were talking billions of dollars.  At the time, no one wanted to talk about fixing a bridge or fixing a sewer line.  Couldnt see it.  Couldnt get your hands around it.  You couldnt feel it and people didnt  it was not politically expedient to want to deal with it.  But it was an absolute necessity. Nobody, even Maynard, didnt want to hear about it.  He just did not want to talk about it.  In his second term  I mean, when he came back as Mayor after Andys two terms were up  one of the first things he faced was doing infrastructure.  So it got more expensive and will continue to be expensive.  When you consider that some of the water mains that the City had, and may still have, were made of wood because they were put down that long ago.   \r\nFive Points was a big artesian well.  Right where the intersection of Five Points is was a huge, big well.  Thats where the Atlanta water supply came from at the beginning of Atlantas history and wooden aqueducts underground, and some water may still travel in those wooden pipes. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  So, by and large, you think Atlanta city governments in good shape? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  No.  No, I think its got some very challenging opportunities ahead of it.  Its financial situation is  Ive seen it in the paper called a crisis.  Im not sure what a crisis is.  Maybe a crisis is what causes somebody to act.  But Atlanta has got to get a better handle on what its doing.  Its got to become more efficient as any company or any operation has to become.  That isnt always easy when youre dealing with the public sector.  Its constituents in the City, the citizens, the taxpayers demand services, frequently want more than theyre willing to pay for.  Thats been the history of government forever.  So its a continuing challenge to keep meeting these.   \r\nWe have too many local governments, and the act of the Legislature a couple of years ago that allowed more local governments to be created I think was a mistake.  I know my friends in Sandy Springs dont feel that way because they were seeking a City of Sandy Springs for years.  I always opposed that because I said youre just duplicating high level positions.  The problem that occurred was that you didnt have the response to the local citizenry.  Didnt know how to reach down to the local citizenry.  And to hear their problems and to be able to explain what you were going to do, thatll always be a challenge.  The Legislature has made that decision.  Thats now history.  Weve got more local governments.  There needs to be a way for local governments to come together and agree on services that are common to the area at large and agree to have a way that you dont have to have so many individuals at an executive level to provide those services.  The Georgia Municipal Association a number of years ago suggested ways of doing that.  The Legislature even encouraged that some years ago.  I think when either Joe Frank Harris or George Busbee were Governor. \r\nSo this is a constant battle, but the City of Atlanta for its size, for its diversity is still a damn good city and will continue to be.  Its got all the things that a city needs.  If you take a look at other cities, theyre generally bounded by some geographical barrier.  Atlanta is not bounded by any barrier.  It can expand in all directions and, in essence, it has.  It may not be called the City of Atlanta, but if you fly over Atlanta  lets say youre going south to Macon  theres not much area between where its heavily populated and Macon where youve got any land left.  Driving up 400, you cant see whats happening on the side of the road because of the trees.  And 575, the same thing.  Yet, tremendous amount of land now being developed, and it wouldnt be developed if it were not for the City of Atlanta. \r\nDevelopment is not good.  Im living here in an almost pristine area and I love it.  I dont want anything.  There have to be some areas left where it can be sort of untouched.  But when youre in the middle of this big maze, youve got to provide for the people.  The people keep coming in.  I havent seen any figure that says that the population of greater Atlanta or the metropolitan area is decreasing.  To the contrary, it continues to increase every year.  Were no longer  Atlanta is no longer  a sleepy town.   \r\nSome would say that Hiawassee, Georgia, right here on beautiful Lake Chatuge, is no longer a little sleepy town.  When I first came up here for the weekend 22 years ago, there were no traffic lights.  Now we have five.  I mean, thats huge, huge urbanization in our way of thinking.  But I have one person to thank for getting me here:  Zell Miller.  When I used to have interface with Zell on governmental matters or whatever it was when he was Lieutenant Governor and I was on Council, he used to always talk about the beauty of Towns County.  I never knew where Towns County was.  I finally came through Towns County and said, Hes right.  [Laughter] \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Well, Richard, you mentioned the City of Sandy Springs.  Theres also Johns Creek, is it? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Yeah, Johns Creek is   \r\n \r\nSHORT:  --is a new city. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Right. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  The City of Milton in north Fulton County is a city.  Now Dunwoody wants to be a city. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Wants to be a city. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  What is that going to do to Fulton County? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, Fulton County will still collect its revenues, and some of those are outside of Fulton County.  Dunwoody is DeKalb County.  But Fulton County still has responsibility  and a huge responsibility  fo \r\nr Grady Hospital.  I mean, thats a whole nother matter, and Im not equipped to even begin to talk about that.  And so Fulton County still operates the school system in essentially all of these new small cities that have come about that you mentioned, so they still have the schools to do.  They still have the public health to be concerned with.  But whats going to happen is its going to remove from Fulton County their responsibilities for a lot of zoning and things of that nature.  And some would say thats good; some would say thats bad.  Its going to see how it all works. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Do we have too many counties in Georgia? \r\nGUTHMAN:  Absolutely, 159, more than any other state in the Union.  Each county has a sheriff.  Each county has its own commissioners.  Counties have begun to consolidate certain functions  some successfully, some not so successfully.  Here in Towns County, we cooperated with Union County for a jail for a long time.  For whatever reason, that cooperation ended a couple of years ago and now Towns County has its own jail; Union County has its own jail.  We dont need two jails for these relatively small counties.  There are a lot of things that could be, but, in politics when you create a job, its very hard to get rid of that job no matter what the reason. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  So you dont think that therell ever be a county consolidation? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Never is a long time.  The only  the most recent county consolidation occurred when Milton County and Campbell County  Milton in the north, Campbell in the south  went bankrupt and became part of Fulton County.  Now there are some living in north Fulton County which was the old Milton County who want to reestablish Milton County.  I dont agree with that. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Richard, for a hundred years in Georgia, in order to be successful in politics, you had to be a Democrat.  Why are you a Republican? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, let me answer that by first relating a story, an occasion that I had with Bert Lance on that very same subject.  I was attending some social event  a political social event  which I was probably one of the few, if any, maybe the sole Republican there.  And Bert came up to me, and Im not very tall in stature, as you know (and politically correct, Im heightened disadvantaged or something like that).  In any event, Bert puts his arms around me, just about suffocated me being this big bear, and he said, Richard, he said, you would go far in politics if you were a Democrat.  And so I dont know what Bert would say today; I havent seen him in a while.   \r\nWhy am I a Republican?  Id like to answer that in somewhat of a jokingly(sic) way.  When I used to ask people why they were Democrats, they would say because their grandfather was a Democrat.  So my grandfather on my fathers side was a Republican, so thats why Im a Republican.  Actually, because I think the Republican way of government, as we talked about earlier in my political philosophy, was more to my liking than big government.  Unfortunately, Republicans over the last ten years or so have strayed from that and have become one of the biggest villains, if you will, in spending more, creating bigger government, I think  I guess  because they think thats the only way they can get reelected.  And if thats the reason, that they can get reelected, and not on the merits of their position, then I think thats not very good. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  You have been active in the Georgia Republican Party for a long time.  Tell us, if you will, how the party gained its momentum over the years until they became the majority party in Georgia. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, I go back to 1952 I guess, or maybe a little bit later than that when I came home from Cornell, when I got active in the Young Republicans and then I evolved into the Republican Party.  So, at that time, the joke was you could have a convention in a phone booth.  And that was almost true.  You know, there werent that many.  In certain areas, particularly in Fulton County and in north Atlanta, northwest Atlanta in particular, and north Fulton County and south Fulton County were pretty strong Republican leaning people.  But in terms of getting  gaining  a majority in the State Legislature, that was a long way off and nobody really envisioned it I dont think, or maybe some people in their dreams (and maybe well talk about it), but I think if you were  if push came to shove, they would have said, I really dont see that happening anytime soon. \r\nI dont know exactly when the turning point or what the turning point was.  Maybe it was the Presidential Election in which George McGovern was the Democratic Presidential candidate and his very liberal philosophy just didnt sit very well with southerners.  And so the Republican Party got its surge particularly in Georgia (and I suspect in other southern states) by people who had been conservative Democrats saying that the party is no longer their party.  I can remember Zell saying that he didnt leave the Democratic Party; the Democratic Party left him.  And Zell is still a Democrat, but he believes in mostly conservative philosophy, and so he  I dont know how he votes.  Thats his personal thing.  I dont inquire as to how he votes.  I dont ask.  I dont ask people how they vote; thats their business.  Id like to see Zell in the Republican Party, but thats not going to happen.  I think hed be a good influence to the Republican Party. \r\nSo people who had been here, who were conservative and had voted Democrat all their life because that was, if you wanted to participate in the electoral process, there were very few places where Republicans were ever on a ballot.  So you had to vote for a Democrat.  So, just by association, Georgia does not have party registration so you dont have to declare yourself whether youre a Democrat or whether youre a Republican except when you go to vote in a primary. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Should we have party registration? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Absolutely.  And Ill tell you why, as an aside, and thats been evidenced in these primaries that have been going on now which seem to be an eternity for the Democratic Party nominee for President.  In states that have open primaries, like Georgia, theres been a lot of crossover voting, and I dont think you get a true sense of who the Democrats in that state might want or who the Republicans if there was any competition there.  Also, Primary Elections, in my opinion, are not for everybody; theyre for those people who are active and work and believe in the particular party, either the Democratic Party or the Republican Party.  Outsiders, frankly, should not be part of that.  So if people have to declare, then that will either make people  and if people want to be independent, thats fine.  I think they have every right to be; and if they dont want to join a party or participate in a party or claim a party, thats fine.  But then they should not participate in the partys primary process, in my opinion. \r\nAnd you could change your party registration if you wanted to, say like every four years or whatever.  If you became disaffected with the Republican Party, you could become a Democrat or vice versa.  So I think we ought to have party registration.  Im told that the reason that we dont have it in Georgia is that, and for years, I think, some Republican legislators tried to establish that, but the Democrats who were in control  and rightfully so  said, Wait a minute.  Were doing very fine, very well, without it.  Theres no need to upset the apple cart.  If we have party registration, we may not do so well.  So, but I think we need it and I think it ought to be nationally.  Each state I think ought to have  make  that decision.  It should not be a national decision, but the state should decide that it has party registration and, in primaries, Republicans vote in the Republican Primary, the Democrats vote in the Democratic Primary.   \r\nIf the independents dont like the candidates that theyve chosen for either case, they have two options.  They can vote in the General Election for the person they least  or that they think is the least  of the evils, if you will, or they dont vote.  And they would say, Well, I need to vote.  Then make a decision.  These are the two choices you have.  You may not have participated in how they got there, but these are your choices.  You had the opportunity to participate if you declared which party you wanted to work with.  Were never going to have another party.  If we dont have party registration, theres no need for anybody to do that.   \r\nSo thats how I feel about party registration.  I feel pretty strong about it. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Do you remember the first Republican statewide candidate?  I thought about it and, you know, of course, Im very young now, Richard, and [laughter] my memory is not as good as it used to be though. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  I understand. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  But I think that the first statewide candidate that I can remember running was Rodney Cook. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, he didnt run statewide though. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  He ran for governor. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Rodney ran for governor?  I dont remember... \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Yeah, he ran. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  ...Rodney running. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Yeah. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  I was active in a lot of campaigns for Rodney. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  He ran, I think... \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Yeah. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  ...his opponent was Joe Frank Harris. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Well, could be. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Maybe Im wrong. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  But Bo Callaway was the first one that I remember. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Thats right, yeah. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  In fact, Bo, I think was the first one  and, certainly, was the first one to run for governor  since Reconstruction.  And on that that, in that year, 1960... \r\n \r\nSHORT:  '6. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  ...6, there was Al Fowler who ran. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Now those guys were Democrats in the beginning. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  But they  but they switched... \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Switched parties. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  ...to Republican, thats right. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  You cant count those. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Oh, you cant count those? \r\n \r\nSHORT:  No. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Okay, all right. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Youve got to count Republicans... \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Okay. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  ...like you that go back to their great-grandfathers. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Oh, okay.  Okay.   \r\n \r\nSHORT:  But Callaway, youre right, Callaway was the first, and I should remember that because I was involved in that campaign.  I wasnt for Callaway; I was for Carter and I, you know, co-managed his thing.  But, anyway, lets talk about that race for a minute.  In 1966, and were speaking now of crossover voting, and I dont know whether this is true or not but I suspect it is.  In 1966, Congressman Callaway qualified not through a primary... \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Correct. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  ...but by a petition. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Petition. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  So he had no opp  he had no opposition in the primary. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Thats correct. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Then you had three or four candidates running on the Democratic side.  You had Lester Maddox, you had Ellis Arnold, you had Jimmy Carter, you had James Gray, you had Garland Byrd all vying for the Democratic nomination.  Well, without party registration, you see, Maddox was in the runoff with Arnold and its been suspected that Republicans went over and voted for Maddox because they thought he would be easier to beat than Arnold. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  I think youre absolutely right. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Is that true? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  I  I didnt see it happen with my own eyes, but I heard enough Republicans talk about it that I suspect it took place.  And my response to that was, Be careful who you vote for because thats who might win. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  And thats what happened. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  And thats exactly what happened.  I do not believe in interfering with the other persons primary.  Thats their responsibility and I dont want to have anything to do with it because thats what happens.  In the General Election, the Republican nominee (or the Republican candidate) was Bo Callaway, whod been a Congressman, and the Democrat candidate was Lester Maddox.  There were a number of people who were dissatisfied with either candidate and a write-in campaign was ensued for Ellis Arnold.  And, as a result of that, Bo Callaway won the plurality of votes but not a majority that was required by law at that time.  Ellis  people writing in, signing, writing in Ellis Arnolds name  probably siphoned sufficient votes away from Bo Callaway that he could not get a majority of the vote, so the law then required that the Georgia Legislature select the Governor when there was no majority in the General Election.  Thats, since then, thats been changed.  Theres now a runoff provision I think in the General Election laws that would allow for the top two to run off and there wouldnt be a write-in.  But Lester Maddox was the nominee because a lot of Republicans voted in the Democratic Primary, and he won the Democratic Primary.  Thats one of the negatives of having this open election.  Each party should take responsibility for its candidate, good or bad. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  You know, that  that provision that resulted from that election  was brought into play when Paul Coverdell defeated Wyche Fowler in a runoff. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Yes.  Yes. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Remember that? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Yes. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  And it was shortly after the Supreme Court decision.  Theres one interesting thing about that U.S. Supreme Court decision in that, in that Maddox/Callaway case.  You know, it was a 5 to 4 vote allowing the Legislature to elect, but Justice Black ruled that a state legislature could elect a governor in the first place, that theres no provision in the law that requires elections.  I thought that was very unusual. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Yes. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  So now lets get back, if you will, to your career in the Republican Party.  The Republican Party now has control of the Georgia Legislature, it has the Governor, it has the majority in the Public Service Commission.  It now is the majority party in Georgia.  If you had to pick some individuals who helped to make that possible, who would they be? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  You mentioned Paul Coverdell.  Paul was probably one of the finest legislators to come out of Georgia in a long time.  He truly understood the need to be able to get along with members of both parties and any other diversities that might be in the Legislature, whether it was the Georgia General Assembly or whether it was the U.S. Senate.  I think Paul had a lot to do with that when he won the U.S. Senate race over Wyche Fowler and Wyche was seeking a second term, and I think that was sort of the beginning because that was really a statewide race won by a Republican, won legitimately by a Republican with no funny things in terms of who decides who gets elected.  And, interestingly enough, Paul Coverdell, who was a moderate, was able to bring the Republican right  the very extreme right  in to vote for him.  Its almost sort of reminiscent of whats happening now in the Presidential Election this fall with John McCain.  He is certainly not an extreme right Republican, but he is bringing I think a lot of these in to vote for him, and the reason is quite simple.  Its better to have a half a loaf or three-quarters of a loaf than no loaf at all.  And if you do not believe in the very liberal politics of the Democratic Party today, then by default you might have to  you should  vote Republican, even if you dont like the person that much. \r\nIll never forget it brings the story of  to mind the story of  when I ran, I had a cousin (my second cousin, my fathers first cousin) and shes very liberal.  She was, shes dead now.  She was a very liberal Democrat, and she told my father that, I think Richard will be the first Republican that Ive ever voted for and itll probably upset my stomach.  And he said, Well, take a Tum(sic) and vote.  [Laughter]   \r\nSo, you know, voting for somebody is not based on necessarily the person that is ideal and meets all ten of your requirements; its the person who meets most of your requirements.  Politics is the art of a possible, not  and I digress.  But I think thats part of our problem in todays political environment.  People are so representative.  The elected officials in a lot of cases are so set on their own ideology  and a lot of cases it is ideology  that they cant get anything done because they cant meet somebody else halfway.  They either want all a loaf or no loaf.  And Ive never thought a no loaf result was very good. \r\nBut what brought the Republican Party up, the liberal Democratic Party or the liberal philosophy of the Democratic Party turned off a lot of Democrats so they switched.  Also, there was a huge influx of people from out of state into Georgia who came from areas where the Republican Party had been strong.  They came out of the Midwest primarily, I think, and came to Georgia, and they came from Republican backgrounds.  So it was not a big switch or unusual for them to vote Republican.  Itd be interesting to note how many of the Republican elected officials in Georgia, as an example, they may have been born in Georgia but how many of their parents came from Georgia.  Theres nothing wrong with that.  That's very good.  I mean, you cant grow, you cant expand, you cant expand your thinking if you dont get this so-called cross-pollinization which sort of results from that kind of thing.  Its been very beneficial to Georgia. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  In 1964, when Lyndon Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act, he told Dick Russell, who was our distinguished United States Senator, that he was turning the South over to the Republican Party.  Do you think that is the case? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  I think there were a number of people  Democrats  who were so opposed to the Civil Rights legislation that they thought because some Republicans were also opposed to the Civil Rights legislation that the Republican Party was the party of status quo in that regard and so they became Republicans.  I think its a bad reputation that the Republican Party got as a result of that.  I dont think that was the case, at least among Republicans that I knew, that they were opposed.  They may have been opposed to the way the legislation was handled.  A lot of southerners were opposed to it because it singled out southern states as being the only culprits of discrimination and segregation; whereas, in the North, my experience, having gone to school in the North for a couple of years, was that while segregation was not illegal, it certainly was de facto.  And the Civil Rights legislation, the provisions of that that required any change in election political boundaries had to be approved by the Justice Department  you had to have Justice Department monitors watching your election  that should have applied all over.  Then I dont think the objection to it would have been so great. \r\nBut, again, that gets back to the racial aspect of politics.  You cant take that away.  You may try, and I think weve made a lot of progress in that, but its always going to show up.  At least, I say always; certainly, in the remaining of my lifetime and your lifetime, which I hope is a number of years yet to go.  Its just part of the  part of the thing.  We dont seem to be as concerned about Hispanics, as an example, being elected, but its this racial thing which has been in our culture for forever, since weve been a country, and its going to take a long time to get that out of the way.  Its unfortunate.  It really is.  We ought to judge a candidate or a person on their merit, what they stand for, and not the color of their skin. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Georgia was the last state in what we consider the Deep South to allow the Republican Party to become a majority.  Why do you think that is? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Huh, thats a good question.  I really dont know.  I can remember  was it Eisenhower  I think Eisenhower must have carried every state in the Union but Georgia and maybe Massachusetts was the other one.  And I thought that was very, you know, really unusual.  When Carter ran for reelection against Reagan, I think Georgia was probably the only state that didnt go for Reagan, or one of the very, very few that didnt.  It really shows a deep heritage in the Democratic Party in Georgia, and its unfortunate that ethnic groups have been somewhat classified as to who they generally vote for.  Blacks generally vote Democrat.  They didnt until Teddy Kennedy  I mean, JFK, John Kennedy  came in.  And blacks primarily, before John Kennedy, belonged to the Republican Party.  They were the more educated and the more affluent.  The lesser class, the poorer class blacks for the most part didnt vote for whatever reason, and a lot of the laws, of course, prevented them from participating. \r\nSo I think thats the reason.  I dont know how the demographics break out, but I suspect that in Georgia, which has a pretty high black population compared to  percentage-wise, an awful lot of that, over 65 percent, maybe as much as 70 percent  votes Democratic.  A lot of that I think has to do with the legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr., but, nonetheless, thats what happened.  So I think thats probably the reason.  Itd be interesting for some political scientist to try and delve into that and do that because, youre right, its only in recent  real recent  history presidentially, in Presidential Elections, that Georgia voted for a Republican, even though they elected Republican senators, even though they elected Republican members to Congress. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  There are those  and I among them  who believe that the Republican Party has done a tremendous job in selecting candidates for public office.  Johnny Isakson made this statement, and I certainly concur, that the Republican Party in Georgia has a deeper bench. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Yes, and I can  when I first ran in 1966 for the Georgia General Assembly  once I declared my candidacy, one of the first things I did was attend a candidate school.  And everybody Republican running for office wasnt forced to attend but were strongly encouraged to do that, and we learned how to do that.  The Republicans did more to enlist people to run and provided help in their running.  Where there was a Republican in opposition in primaries, the Party did not take sides.  They provided the same information to all the candidates.  It stayed out of the primaries as such.  I think in those -- it was much better organized.  The Democrats didnt have to organize, so they thought. \r\nIt reminds me of when Dwight Eisenhower came to Atlanta when he was running for President in the summer of 1952.  He had a big rally in Hurt Park.  Thousands of people.  The first political rally I had ever attended.  I was  I dont even think I was 18 yet.  Im sure I wasnt; I was a month or two away.  I remember going to that rally, and the only thing that I remember from Eisenhowers speech was that when he said, The Democrats have taken the South for granted too long.  Well, you can get used to this being in control and you dont see this other vehicle coming down the street.  Its like, you know, Satchel  you know, sort of the antithesis of what Satchel Paige said.  He said, I dont look over my shoulder.  Well, a political party and a politician better look over their shoulder to see whats happening.  And the Republican Party today in Georgia, while its been in the majority a short period of time, I dont believe is winning over the hearts and minds of a great many Georgians in general because I dont believe they have acted responsibility  responsibly  in the General Assembly.  Youve got a Republican Governor, a Republican Lieutenant Governor, a Republican Speaker of the House, and they cant agree on important legislation.  They fight.  Now thats not the  thats not a good sign.  Theres something wrong with that picture, and theyd better figure out how to change that picture if they want to be in the majority for any length of time. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  On that subject, do you see a Democratic comeback any time soon? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Not right away, only because Georgia basically, well, is a conservative thinking state primarily on economic issues, fiscal matters, on national defense.  Georgia is a very strong state when it comes to national defense probably because weve had all these bases in Georgia and because of Richard Russell and Carl Vinson and others who were so strong  Walter George, who was so strong  in the support of Georgia in that arena.  So itll take a while for anything  for that  to change, I think.   \r\nBut if the Republicans cant start getting things done that the State needs to get done, important things that need to get done  the most critical issue the State faces today I think are two critical issues.  One is healthcare and the other which affects everybody is water.  And the State passed something this past session, but I dont think it  it basically said, you know, We agree to agree to do something.  The time is now.  We cant wait.  And if this drought this last year, this past year, didnt prove it when Lake Lanier essentially runs out of water and when Lake Allatoona becomes a dry bed almost and even when Lake Chatuge behind me drops way down in the middle of the summer, thats time to start thinking about water. \r\nThe Atlanta Regional Commission, in I guess 74-75, identified that in 20 years, Atlanta would be running low on water.  And there were a few proposals put out, one of which was even introduced in the General Assembly some years later, to authorize an aqueduct, if you will, a pipeline from the Savannah River over near Augusta over to metropolitan Atlanta.  And that went down in a big hurry because rural legislators said, Were not going to supply Atlanta with our water. \r\nThis brings up the age-old question of two Georgias:  Atlanta and the rest of Georgia.  But if we dont do something, its going to be  that surely will be  a crisis.  It was a crisis this past summer.  Were very fortunate that weve had some rains in the last couple of months which have helped, but all the experts in that area said its going to take at least the remnants of three hurricanes coming through Georgia to get enough water back in Lake Lanier.  And we keep adding people to the mix who are getting their water out of Lake Lanier.   \r\nThats number one.  They couldnt agree.  They couldnt agree on important legislation in the budget.  I mean, when you control all of those, Im almost speaking in favor of the days of Tom Murphy and Zell Miller, who didnt get along that well politically, but they managed to get legislation through whomever the governor was.  Unfortunately, for whatever reason, maybe the Republicans havent had enough time to learn.  Eight years is a long time, or six years; youd think that they would have gotten it by now, but maybe they need a little more time.  I hope that they figure out how to pull it together. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Richard, youve had a wonderful career.  Id like to ask you now some personal questions.  Through all the years youve been in politics, what has been your biggest success? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  I have several I think.  One was the participation in the successful  in a leadership role in the successful  MARTA referendum.  The other was I think I exerted positive leadership, particularly in the financial area, when I was in Council.  And the third, I dont know whether youd call it a success or not, but I was fortunate enough to participate in both the Georgia Municipal Association and the National League of Cities, so I got to work with state leaders in local government outside of Atlanta and on the national level.  And that was exceedingly beneficial to me.  I call it a success.  I was privileged to serve on the Board of both of those organizations.  I chaired two of their most important committees, both at the national level and at the state level.  And while thats not legislative success, per se, I think its success because you cant be a successful elected official if youre myopic, if you have blinders.  Youve got to be exposed to the way other people do things, how other people think, what their likes and dislikes are, why they think the way they think, why they act the way they act, and that does, if nothing else, it expands ones own mind, but it also teachers you how to work together.  And I said earlier politics is the art of the possible and, if youre going to be a one-man band and youve got a hundred conductors or youve got a hundred one-man bands and youve really got no conductor, thats the recipe for disaster. \r\nSome years ago, I was involved in a Leadership Atlanta course, and one of the first things that we did was they played Revels Bolero and they played it without any conductor in essence leading it, and it was just a lot of sound.  It didnt make any sense.  And then they played it as its recorded with, you know, first it starts off soft and slow with the roll of the drums and then all the different instruments come in at different times and they all come together and they make a marvelous piece of music.  And that was an example of how leadership is so important and how to be a good leader youve got to have very good followers, and you cant be a good leader if you dont have good followers.  Ive been fortunate.  Ive been a leader (at least some will say that I have), but Ive had good followers.  And without the followers, there could be no leader. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  What is your biggest disappointment? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  That even in the metro area that we couldnt coalesce; even the governments in Fulton County, at which time there were 11 municipalities then in Fulton County, we couldnt get very much agreement on anything.  It was always the not in my backyard, the NIMB, thought process.  Sure, we need this to happen, but over there in someone elses backyard.  We werent able to cross that very well, and thats evident.  We dont have a regional  Atlanta does not have a regional water plan or water system.  Its fragmented.  The transportation system is still fragmented.  Theres some plans  I mean, there are some rules  that youre supposed to observe when you do something, but its not like it ought to be.  Its very hard to happen because everybody is elected by their own little constituency and they think that if they dont do exactly what their constituency wants, theyre not going to get reelected.   \r\nI think the late Kel Townsend, who was very strong on this issue, he used to say in essence (and he was reelected to the Legislature year after year after year) that without our  well, occasionally, he had opposition, but it never amounted to much  and he said, Its my responsibility, and I agree with this wholeheartedly, that you may not like what I voted for or how I voted, but at least I hope you will understand the reason that I did.  And if the people dont like what I did, they have an opportunity to express that by voting for somebody else.   \r\nI used to say the same thing.  If you dont like what Im doing, thats fine.  At least, listen to me as to why I felt the way I did, voted the way I did, and you have an ample opportunity to express that in certainty at the next election.  After my first election to Council, I never had any more opposition, and I was successfully reelected three more times.  So I mustve been doing something right, although I sort of like to say that nobody wanted the job.  [Laughing] \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Did you ever consider running for another office while you were in the City government? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Yes.  I thought when Maynard was completing his second term, his last term, I thought about running for Mayor.  I visited several people.  I was even called to the office of one of Atlantas and Georgias most distinguished citizens who was not involved in government but had a lot to do with the success of Georgia, particularly the educational system when segregation was  or desegregation was  coming about.  And Ill never forget his remarks to me.  He said, Richard, you should run for Mayor.  You should be Mayor.  But you cant get elected.  And, so at that time, I dont care who you were, if you were white, you were not going to be elected Mayor. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Uh-huh. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Today, were getting toward that point.  Im not sure were there yet.  But were getting toward that point that that might be changing.  I think the Mayor maybe in eight more years or something will be elected because of who they are, not what they are. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  How would you like to be remembered? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  [Chuckling]  Just to be remembered would be very nice.  As someone who did their best, who didnt try for the impossible, but who understood the practicality, represented not just his own district but the City as a whole and tried to do what was right. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  So we cant convince you to get back into politics? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Theres a certain woman that youd have to go through first and I dont think that  I dont  I dont think theres anyone that could succeed in doing that. \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Not even if you could be anointed? \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Not even if I could be anointed.  [Laughing] \r\n \r\nSHORT:  Richard Guthman, thank you very much for being our guest. \r\n \r\nGUTHMAN:  Thank you very much for coming and sharing my house. \r\n \r\n[END OF RECORDING] \r\n       "},{"id":"tws_oid16_33648","title":"Hud Andrews Interview","collection_id":"tws_oid16","collection_title":"Crossroads interviews","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, 35.14953, -90.04898"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2008-05-21"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["video/mp4","application/pdf","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Memphis, Tenn. : Rhodes College"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["https://vimeo.com/278564792"],"dcterms_subject":["Interviews","Oral history","Memphis (Tenn.)","African Americans","Civil rights","Segregation","Education","Rhodes College","Southwestern at Memphis","Racism","Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Hud Andrews Interview"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Rhodes College"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://hdl.handle.net/10267/33648"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_tomcrosbystr_81","title":"Telicious Kenly Boyd oral history interview, 2008 May 16","collection_id":"suc_tomcrosbystr","collection_title":"Tom Crosby’s Rosenwald School Oral History Collection, 2006-2011","dcterms_contributor":["Crosby, Tom, 1940-","South Caroliniana Library. Office of Oral History"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, Lexington County, Irmo, Harbison Junior College","United States, South Carolina, Lexington County, Irmo, Piney Grove Elementary School","United States, South Carolina, Richland County, 34.0218, -80.90304","United States, South Carolina, Richland County, Columbia, Allen University, 34.01071, -81.02037"],"dcterms_creator":["Boyd, Telicious Kenly, 1919-2009"],"dc_date":["2008-05-16"],"dcterms_description":["In this oral history interview, Telicious Kenly (Lowman) Boyd discusses the prominent role of education in her life, including a detailed description of Piney Grove Elementary School (Richland County, South Carolina), games played, school lunches, and the Piney Grove A.M.E. Church, which donated the land upon which the elementary school was built. She also discusses her time at Harbison Junior College and Allen University, where she graduated with a degree in home economics. She became the first African-American teacher hired by the Girls Industrial School (now known as the South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice) and later taught at Richland High School (Irmo, South Carolina) and worked for the family court system. Telicious Kenly Lowman Boyd was born on September 7, 1919, to Minnie and James Lowman of Columbia, South Carolina. One of three children, she was an educator. She died on October 21, 2009. Tom Crosby interviewed Telicious Kenly Boyd at her home in Richland County, South Carolina, on May 16, 2008. Interview covers Boyd's education at Pine Grove Elementary School and Harbison Junior College (of the town of Irmo, S.C.) from the late 1920s to the 1930s and at Allen University in the 1940s."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. South Caroliniana Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Tom Crosby oral history collection, 2006-2011","Boyd, Telicious 16May2008 CROS 022"],"dcterms_subject":["Boyd, Telicious Kenly, 1919-2009--Interviews","Allen University--Alumni and alumnae--Interviews","African Americans--Social life and customs--20th century","African American schools--South Carolina--Richland County--History--20th century","African Americans--Education--South Carolina--History--20th century","African Americans--South Carolina--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Telicious Kenly Boyd oral history interview, 2008 May 16"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["South Caroliniana Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digital.tcl.sc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/tomcrosbystr/id/81"],"dcterms_temporal":["1919/1929","1930/1938","1939/1945"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Copyright: University of South Carolina. The transcript and audio are provided for individual Research Purposes Only; for all other uses, including publication, reproduction, and quotation beyond fair use, permission must be obtained in writing from: The South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, 910 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208"],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["1 sound disc (43 min., 03 sec.) : digital, stereo. ; 4 3/4 in.;1 audiocassette (43 min., 03 sec.) : stereo. ; 3 7/8 x 2 1/2 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_tomcrosbystr_68","title":"Novella Mills oral history interview, 2008 May 12","collection_id":"suc_tomcrosbystr","collection_title":"Tom Crosby’s Rosenwald School Oral History Collection, 2006-2011","dcterms_contributor":["Crosby, Tom, 1940-","South Caroliniana Library. 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Novella Mills was born on November 3, 1924 to Hester Aiken Mills and Tony Bates Mills of Irmo, South Carolina, one of eight children. Tom Crosby interviewed Novella Mills at her residence in Irmo, South Carolina, on May 12, 2008. Interview covers Mill's education at Pine Grove Elementary School and Harbison Junior College (of the town of Irmo, S.C.) during the early 1930s and at Booker T. Washington High School from 1940 to 1942."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. 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The transcript and audio are provided for individual Research Purposes Only; for all other uses, including publication, reproduction, and quotation beyond fair use, permission must be obtained in writing from: The South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, 910 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208"],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["1 sound disc (46 min., 23 sec.) : digital, stereo. ; 4 3/4 in.;1 audiocassette (46 min., 23 sec.) : stereo. ; 3 7/8 x 2 1/2 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null}],"pages":{"current_page":245,"next_page":246,"prev_page":244,"total_pages":6766,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":2928,"total_count":81191,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false},"facets":[{"name":"educator_resource_mediums_sms","items":[{"value":"lesson plans","hits":319},{"value":"teaching guides","hits":53},{"value":"timelines (chronologies)","hits":43},{"value":"online exhibitions","hits":38},{"value":"bibliographies","hits":15},{"value":"study guides","hits":11},{"value":"annotated bibliographies","hits":9},{"value":"learning modules","hits":6},{"value":"worksheets","hits":6},{"value":"slide shows","hits":4},{"value":"quizzes","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"Text","hits":40200},{"value":"StillImage","hits":35114},{"value":"MovingImage","hits":4552},{"value":"Sound","hits":3248},{"value":"Collection","hits":41},{"value":"InteractiveResource","hits":25}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"creator_facet","items":[{"value":"Peppler, Jim","hits":4965},{"value":"Phay, John E.","hits":4712},{"value":"University of Mississippi. 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