{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_78","title":"Interview with Will Elliot","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Elliot, Will","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-11"],"dcterms_description":["Will Elliot was born in Florida in 1895. His father was a switchman on the railroad; his mother worked in the fields. He moved to Birmingham sometime before The Depression. He describes his various jobs in Birmingham and adds that he also worked for the WPA (Works Progress Administration).","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Elliot, Will--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Will Elliot"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/78"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_18","title":"Interview with Robert Washington","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Washington, Robert","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-09"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Robert Washington discusses his industrial work at a clay pipe plant as well as his work with the local USW. Washington worked at W. S. Dickey Clay Manufacturing Company, which made sewer pipe and fittings as well as flue lining and brick. He describes the process of making fittings, which was his job for many years. He explains that they were paid by the piece and with incentives. The advantage of the job was a person could work the hours he wanted and still make decent money if he was willing to work hard. The disadvantages were the workers had few benefits and the work was hot and hard. He recalls the story of a man whose hands were cut off in an accident, and he eventually returned to work. Washington believes the union was important because people can get more accomplished together than apart. He says the union came in 1938, the Brick and Clay Workers. That local disbanded and they reformed under the USW. He was president of that local for many years, until he had to quit the union to take a promotion to inspector, then foreman. As union leader, he was often called to help organize in other places, and the company gave him leaves of absence. Washington describes an incident with a group of white inspectors who didn't want to join the USW, who instead formed a new Brick and Clay Workers. The USW decided to strike with them, but they were in breach of contract, so they had to go back to work. The Ku Klux Klan joined the inspectors on their strike, and Washington was called to D.C. to testify about the incident. Washington talks about segregation on the job. He says blacks couldn't be mechanics or carpenters, as well as foreman and other positions of authority. They also had segregated facilities for a long time. Changes came about 1966, because of the union and also because of new civil rights laws. Washington also discusses living through the Depression. He says they raised animals and kept a garden, and friends would often help each other out, trading food. He also says the communist party was attempting to win people over by paying their bills. He says his family was never on relief.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Washington, Robert--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Robert Washington"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/18"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_72","title":"Interview with Sam Andrews","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Andrews, Sam","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-07"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Sam Andrews describes his early life in Ensley, Alabama, and his years as an \"oven man\" in the steel mill. He recalls the unionization of the mill, picketing and the fear associated with joining the union. He also provides a detailed description of the stages of steel production and describes the medical care that was provided by the mill, as well as race relations in the mill and union meetings. Andrews describes life during The Depression, explaining that he survived by working several jobs at once. He maintains that he actually lived better in the \"Hoover Days.\" He also describes receiving help from the Red Cross and the difficulty in accepting help. He discusses being treated better as a light skinned African-American. Andrews describes his life as a hobo and the danger associated with riding the trains. He also describes working in a Civilian Conservation Corps Camp in Northport, Alabama.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Andrews, Sam--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Sam Andrews"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/72"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"bcas_bcmss0837_802","title":"Court filings: Court of Appeals, decision, 738 F.2d 82","collection_id":"bcas_bcmss0837","collection_title":"Office of Desegregation Management","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044","United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, 34.76993, -92.3118","United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-06"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Little Rock, Ark. : Butler Center for Arkansas Studies. Central Arkansas Library System"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Office of Desegregation Monitoring records (BC.MSS.08.37)","History of Segregation and Integration of Arkansas's Educational System"],"dcterms_subject":["Teachers","Court records","Civil rights--Arkansas","School employees","School integration","Education--Arkansas","Educational law and legislation","Little Rock (Ark.)--History","Little Rock (Ark.)--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Court filings: Court of Appeals, decision, 738 F.2d 82"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Butler Center for Arkansas Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://arstudies.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/bcmss0837/id/802"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any other use requires permission from the Butler Center."],"dcterms_medium":["filing"],"dcterms_extent":["11 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":"\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n  \n\n\n   \n\n   \n\n\n   \n\n\n   \n\n\n\n\n   \n\n\n\n\n   \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n   \n\n   \n\n \n\n\n   \n\n   \n\n  \n\n\n   \n\n  \n\n \n\n\n   \n\n  \n\n \n\n\n   \n\n  \n\n  \n\nThis transcript was created using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and may contain some errors.\nThis project was supported in part by a Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives project grant from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and Council on Library and Information Resoources.\n   \n\n   \n\n  \n\n\n   \n\n  \n\n \n\n\n   \n\n   \n\n \n\n\n   \n\n  \n\n \n\n   \n\n \n\n  \n\n\n   \n\n \n\n  \n\n\n\n   \n\n  \n\n  \n\n\n   \n\n   \n\n  \n\n \n\n \n\n\n   \n\n  \n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n   \n\n \n\n\n\n  \n\n\n   \n\n\n\n  \n\n\n\n "},{"id":"suc_idn_390","title":"Speech, July 4, 1984","collection_id":"suc_idn","collection_title":"Isaiah DeQuincey Newman, (1911-1985), Papers, 1929-2003","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, 34.00043, -81.00009"],"dcterms_creator":["Newman, I. DeQuincey (Isaiah DeQuincey), 1911-1985"],"dc_date":["1984-07-04"],"dcterms_description":["3 pages"],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. South Carolina Political Collections"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Isaiah DeQuincey Newman Papers, General, 1984.","Isaiah DeQuincey Newman Papers"],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--South Carolina","Civil rights movements--South Carolina","Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Speech, July 4, 1984"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of South Carolina. South Carolina Political Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digital.tcl.sc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/idn/id/390"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Copyright Not Evaluated. For further information please contact the University of South Carolina, South Carolina Political Collections, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["speeches (documents)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_idn_idn390","title":"Speech, July 4, 1984","collection_id":"suc_idn","collection_title":"Isaiah DeQuincey Newman, (1911-1985), Papers, 1929-2003","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Connecticut, New Haven County, 41.34882, -72.89986","United States, Connecticut, New Haven County, New Haven, 41.30815, -72.92816","United States, District of Columbia, Washington, 38.89511, -77.03637","United States, Florida, Hillsborough County, Tampa, 27.94752, -82.45843","United States, Massachusetts, Suffolk County, Boston, 42.35843, -71.05977","United States, Michigan, Wayne County, 42.28478, -83.26113","United States, New Jersey, Essex County, 40.78707, -74.24687","United States, New York, New York County, New York, 40.7142691, -74.0059729","United States, Ohio, Hamilton County, Cincinnati, 39.12711, -84.51439","United States, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County, 40.46883, -79.98119","United States, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County, Pittsburgh, 40.44062, -79.99589"],"dcterms_creator":["Newman, I. DeQuincey (Isaiah DeQuincey), 1911-1985"],"dc_date":["1984-07-04"],"dcterms_description":["Three pages of a typewritten speech dated July 4, 1984 that celebrates the Fourth of July and the provision of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness to all of its citizens; the speech also outlines significant political, social, and military conflicts throughout American history.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":["pnh8407"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of online collection: Isaiah De Quincey Newman (1911-1985) Papers, 1929-2003."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Folder: General, 1984, Isaiah DeQuincey Newman Papers, South Carolina Political Collections, The University of South Carolina Libraries"],"dcterms_subject":["Speeches, addresses, etc.","Fourth of July orations","Liberty","United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","Bunker Hill, Battle of, Boston, Mass., 1775","Concord, Battle of, Concord, Mass., 1775","Lexington, Battle of, Lexington, Mass., 1775","Whiskey Rebellion, Pa., 1794","United States--History--War of 1812","Mexican War, 1846-1848","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","Spanish-American War, 1898","World War, 1914-1918--United States","Korean War, 1950-1953","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963--Assassination","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Assassination","Race riots--Massachusetts--Boston","Race riots--Florida--Tampa","Race riots--New York (State)--New York","Race riots--Ohio--Cincinnati","Race riots--Washington (D.C.)","Race riots--Connecticut--New Haven","Race riots--Pennsylvania--Pittsburgh","Race riots--New Jersey--Newark","Race riots--Michigan--Detroit","Watergate Affair, 1972-1974"],"dcterms_title":["Speech, July 4, 1984"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of South Carolina. South Carolina Political Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://digital.tcl.sc.edu/digital/collection/idn/id/390"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":null,"dcterms_extent":["image/jpg","Manuscripts"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"auu_auc-076_auc-076-1906","title":"VEP Press Release, July 2, 1984","collection_id":"auu_auc-076","collection_title":"Voter Education Project Organizational Records","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Voter Education Project, Inc. (Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1984-07-02"],"dcterms_description":["Press release from the Voter Education Project regarding a study by the Voter Education Project, which found that Ken Moseley, a Black, won the South Carolina second congressional district primary because of a higher Black turnout rate and a higher Black crossover vote. Moseley received 87% of his votes from Blacks and 13% from whites, while Stevenson received 64% of her votes from whites and 36% from Blacks. The results from the Second Congressional District followed trends observed elsewhere in the south in the 1984 primaries, where Blacks were participating in Democratic primaries at a much higher rate than whites and were having a significant impact on the selection of the party's candidates."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Voter Education Project Organizational Records||http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12322/fa:076"],"dcterms_subject":["Political participation","African Americans--Civil rights","Voter registration","African Americans--Politics and government","Demographic surveys"],"dcterms_title":["VEP Press Release, July 2, 1984"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12322/auc.076:1906"],"dcterms_temporal":["1980/1989"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["press releases"],"dcterms_extent":["2 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"auu_auc-050_auc-076-1906","title":"VEP Press Release, July 2, 1984","collection_id":"auu_auc-050","collection_title":"Neighborhood Union Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Voter Education Project, Inc. (Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1984-07-02"],"dcterms_description":["Press release from the Voter Education Project regarding a study by the Voter Education Project, which found that Ken Moseley, a Black, won the South Carolina second congressional district primary because of a higher Black turnout rate and a higher Black crossover vote. Moseley received 87% of his votes from Blacks and 13% from whites, while Stevenson received 64% of her votes from whites and 36% from Blacks. The results from the Second Congressional District followed trends observed elsewhere in the south in the 1984 primaries, where Blacks were participating in Democratic primaries at a much higher rate than whites and were having a significant impact on the selection of the party's candidates."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Voter Education Project Organizational Records||http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12322/fa:076"],"dcterms_subject":["Political participation","African Americans--Civil rights","Voter registration","African Americans--Politics and government","Demographic surveys"],"dcterms_title":["VEP Press Release, July 2, 1984"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12322/auc.076:1906"],"dcterms_temporal":["1980/1989"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["press releases"],"dcterms_extent":["2 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gsl_borm_borm1984-1985","title":"Minutes, Board of Regents, 1984-1985, July 1, 1984-June 30, 1985","collection_id":"gsl_borm","collection_title":"Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia Meeting Minutes, 1932-2005","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia"],"dc_date":["1984-07-01/1985-06-30"],"dcterms_description":["Meeting minutes and agendas of the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia. Digitization of this collection is a project of the Georgia Public Library Service, a unit of the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, in association with the University System. The project is supported with federal LSTA funds administered by the Institute of Museum and Library Services."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia Meeting Minutes, 1932-2005"],"dcterms_subject":["Education, Higher--United States--Administration","Universities and colleges","Schools","University System of Georgia. Board of Regents","Minutes (Records)","Agendas (Series)"],"dcterms_title":["Minutes, Board of Regents, 1984-1985, July 1, 1984-June 30, 1985"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/do:gsl_borm_borm1984-1985"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/gsl_borm_borm1984-1985"],"dcterms_temporal":["1984-07-01/1985-06-30"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia. Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia Meeting Minutes, 1932-2005. Office of Legal Affairs, Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["minute books"],"dcterms_extent":["606 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_120","title":"Interview with Earl Brown","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Brown, Earl","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-29"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Earl Brown recalls his life as a coal miner, daily life in the mining camps and the challenges surrounding organized labor in Alabama. He also discusses FDR and the effect of the Wagner Acts on organizing labor. He was a member of the United Mine Workers of America of America (UMWA) and recounts organizing drives, strikes and the unique sense of solidarity among mine workers. Brown talks about his first job, loading coal. The employees had to buy their tools, powder, and lamp. He also defines \"pillar work,\" \"green work\" and \"top working.\" He briefly mentions black lung and says that it was originally called \"mining asthma.\" Brown says that \"segregation was everywhere else but there [inside the mine]. They respected one another, that's where the togetherness come at. You come out of the mine, you're separate... Even at the commissary they had the white line and the black line... the thing that pulled me the closest to the mine workers more than anything was because actually that's something that we didn't deal with... segregation in there.\" Brown believes that the UMWA influenced other unions in the steel and automobile industry, for example. People saw the effect of UMWA, Brown says. UMWA \"paved the way...someone had to be a trailblazer and we were all trailblazers... coal, coke is the base for making steel. Once a coal miner go on strike, automatically set coke, steel everything else down. So it's a relationship you see.\"","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Brown, Earl--Interviews","Coal miners--Alabama","Labor unions--Alabama","United Mine Workers of America","Coal miners--Segregation","Segregation--Alabama","United States--Civilization--1970-"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Earl Brown"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/120"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_125","title":"Interview with Arthur D. Shores","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["D. Shores, Arthur","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-28"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Arthur Shores talks about his career as a prominent black attorney in Birmingham, Alabama, during the Civil Rights movement. Shores went to law school at the University of Kansas because there were no law schools in Alabama to admit blacks and it was cheaper than going east. Through the forties he was the only black lawyer in Alabama (there had been a couple of others before him). He says he never had a problem as a black lawyer in Alabama except in Birmingham. He was retained by the NAACP. One of his big early cases was a lawsuit against L\u0026N Railroad to change discriminatory hiring and promotion practices. He also talks about being the lawyer in a suit to equalize pay for black teachers. He says, though, in general teachers were afraid to speak up for their rights because they feared the repercussions. Shores tells the story of being hired as a prosecutor in a trial of a white officer. He was threatened and had his friends protect him on his way to the court house every day. The man was found guilty. After the trial, a black police informant took a swing at him. When Shores's friends beat him up, they we all thrown in jail, Shores included. Soon, they were released. Later, the informant told him he'd been paid to start a scene. Shores says this incident gained him a lot of publicity; until then, a lot of people hadn't known he was practicing. Shores remembers the struggle to register black voters in Birmingham. He recounts the story of a registrar who asked a black man to recite the constitution. He recited, instead, the Gettysburg address, but the registrar didn't know the difference, so the man was registered. Shores recalls that various groups had registration drives, including the NAACP and the labor unions in the mining camps. Shores describes running for office to prove that it could be done by a black man. Shores discusses how the city was once zoned such that only blacks or only whites could live in a certain area. Once the laws changed, blacks moving into formerly white zoned neighborhoods often had their houses burned or blown up. After the blacks heard from a white informant in the Ku Klux Klan, they planned an ambush of one of those burning parties. After that incident, there were no more houses blown up. Shores also talks a little about his background. He remembers living out in the county near the mining camps. He was envious of camp life for their housing and commissary as well as for their superior schools. He attended one until they found out he wasn't attached to the company. Then he found a way to attend Birmingham city schools by giving the address of a family friend who lived in town. Shores talks about former governor George Wallace, who he doesn't believe was a racist. He once tried a case in his court and found him to be a nice man, and he ate with him sometimes. He describes how politics changes a person's behavior.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["D. Shores, Arthur--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Arthur D. Shores"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/125"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_wlohp_0000062","title":"Interview with Arthur D. Shores, 1984 June 28","collection_id":"alm_wlohp","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Shores, Arthur D. (Arthur Davis), 1904-1996"],"dc_date":["1984-06-28"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Arthur Shores talks about his career as a prominent black attorney in Birmingham, Alabama, during the Civil Rights movement. Shores went to law school at the University of Kansas because there were no law schools in Alabama to admit blacks and it was cheaper than going east. Through the forties he was the only black lawyer in Alabama (there had been a couple of others before him). He says he never had a problem as a black lawyer in Alabama except in Birmingham. He was retained by the NAACP. One of his big early cases was a lawsuit against L\u0026N Railroad to change discriminatory hiring and promotion practices. He also talks about being the lawyer in a suit to equalize pay for black teachers. He says, though, in general teachers were afraid to speak up for their rights because they feared the repercussions. Shores tells the story of being hired as a prosecutor in a trial of a white officer. He was threatened and had his friends protect him on his way to the court house every day. The man was found guilty. After the trial, a black police informant took a swing at him. When Shores' friends beat him up, they we all thrown in jail, Shores included. Soon, they were released. Later, the informant told him he'd been paid to start a scene. Shores says this incident gained him a lot of publicity; until then, a lot of people hadn't known he was practicing. Shores remembers the struggle to register black voters in Birmingham. He recounts the story of a registrar who asked a black man to recite the constitution. He recited, instead, the Gettysburg address, but the registrar didn't know the difference, so the man was registered. Shores recalls that various groups had registration drives, including the NAACP and the labor unions in the mining camps. Shores describes running for office to prove that it could be done by a black man. Shores discusses how the city was once zoned such that only blacks or only whites could live in a certain area. Once the laws changed, blacks moving into formerly white zoned neighborhoods often had their houses burned or blown up. After the blacks heard from a white informant in the Ku Klux Klan, they planned an ambush of one of those burning parties. After that incident, there were no more houses blown up. Shores also talks a little about his background. He remembers living out in the county near the mining camps. He was envious of camp life for their housing and commissary as well as for their superior schools. He attended one until they found out he wasn't attached to the company. Then he found a way to attend Birmingham city schools by giving the address of a family friend who lived in town. Shores talks about former governor George Wallace, who he doesn't believe was a racist. He once tried a case in his court and found him to be a nice man, and he ate with him sometimes. He describes how politics changes a person's behavior.","Interviewed by Cliff Kuhn on June 28, 1984.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["u0008_0000003_0000062","http://purl.lib.ua.edu/54340"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Archive of American Minority Cultures"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of the online collection: Working Lives Oral History Project."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American lawyers--Alabama--Birmingham","Discrimination in education--Alabama","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Discrimination in employment--Alabama","Police misconduct--Alabama","Voter registration--Alabama--Birmingham","African Americans--Alabama--Birmingham--Politics and government","Discrimination in housing--Alabama--Birmingham","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","African Americans--Crimes against--Alabama--Birmingham","Intimidation","Birmingham (Ala.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Arthur D. Shores, 1984 June 28"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/125"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts","sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Shores, Arthur D. (Arthur Davis), 1904-1996","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null}],"pages":{"current_page":519,"next_page":520,"prev_page":518,"total_pages":3373,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":6216,"total_count":40476,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false},"facets":[{"name":"educator_resource_mediums_sms","items":[{"value":"lesson plans","hits":307},{"value":"online exhibitions","hits":37},{"value":"teaching guides","hits":34},{"value":"timelines (chronologies)","hits":23},{"value":"bibliographies","hits":15},{"value":"worksheets","hits":5},{"value":"annotated bibliographies","hits":4},{"value":"study guides","hits":4},{"value":"learning modules","hits":3},{"value":"slide shows","hits":2}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"Text","hits":40476},{"value":"Sound","hits":1050},{"value":"StillImage","hits":803},{"value":"MovingImage","hits":213},{"value":"Collection","hits":10},{"value":"InteractiveResource","hits":4}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"creator_facet","items":[{"value":"Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","hits":2076},{"value":"Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission","hits":1425},{"value":"Newman, I. DeQuincey (Isaiah DeQuincey), 1911-1985","hits":1003},{"value":"Herrera, John J.","hits":777},{"value":"Connor, Eugene, 1897-1973","hits":567},{"value":"Jordan, Barbara, 1936-1996","hits":464},{"value":"South Carolina Council on Human Relations","hits":397},{"value":"AFL-CIO. Civil Rights Department","hits":326},{"value":"Hunter, Charles N., approximately 1851-1931","hits":323},{"value":"United States. District Court (Arkansas: Eastern District)","hits":314},{"value":"Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966","hits":244}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_facet","items":[{"value":"Race relations","hits":4687},{"value":"Civil rights","hits":3239},{"value":"People--Ethnic Groups--Hispanics","hits":2928},{"value":"African Americans--Civil rights","hits":2321},{"value":"African Americans","hits":1778},{"value":"Education--Arkansas","hits":1752},{"value":"Civil rights--South Carolina","hits":1739},{"value":"Civil rights movements--Mississippi","hits":1550},{"value":"League of United Latin American Citizens","hits":1531},{"value":"LULAC","hits":1517},{"value":"Race","hits":1483}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_personal_facet","items":[{"value":"Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966--Correspondence","hits":1888},{"value":"Meredith, James, 1933-","hits":1501},{"value":"Baker, Augusta, 1911-1998","hits":1433},{"value":"Herrera, John J.","hits":1312},{"value":"Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966","hits":713},{"value":"Mizell, M. Hayes","hits":639},{"value":"Silver, James W. (James Wesley), 1907-1988","hits":623},{"value":"Jordan, Barbara, 1936-1996","hits":608},{"value":"Connor, Eugene, 1897-1973","hits":582},{"value":"Snelling, Paula","hits":582},{"value":"McCain, James T.","hits":418}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"name_authoritative_sms","items":[{"value":"Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966","hits":2592},{"value":"Meredith, James, 1933-","hits":1497},{"value":"Herrera, John J.","hits":1331},{"value":"Silver, James W. (James Wesley), 1907-1988","hits":622},{"value":"Jordan, Barbara, 1936-1996","hits":608},{"value":"Snelling, Paula","hits":580},{"value":"Connor, Eugene, 1897-1973","hits":579},{"value":"Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","hits":360},{"value":"De Laine, Joseph A. (Joseph Armstrong), 1898-1974","hits":345},{"value":"King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","hits":315},{"value":"Samet, Seymour, 1919-2014","hits":279}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"event_title_sms","items":[{"value":"Ole Miss Integration","hits":1567},{"value":"Housing Act of 1961","hits":663},{"value":"Little Rock Central High School Integration","hits":386},{"value":"Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Nobel Prize","hits":299},{"value":"Freedom Summer","hits":188},{"value":"Birmingham Bombing (Sixteenth Street Baptist Church)","hits":125},{"value":"Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike","hits":104},{"value":"University of Georgia Integration","hits":83},{"value":"Freedom Rides","hits":68},{"value":"Brown versus Board of Education","hits":55},{"value":"Civil Rights Act of 1964","hits":43}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"location_facet","items":[{"value":"United States, 39.76, -98.5","hits":10785},{"value":"United States, South Carolina, 34.00043, -81.00009","hits":4506},{"value":"United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018","hits":3805},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044","hits":3680},{"value":"United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036","hits":2519},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, 34.76993, -92.3118","hits":2063},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","hits":1894},{"value":"United States, Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, 35.14953, -90.04898","hits":1801},{"value":"United States, Texas, Harris County, Houston, 29.76328, -95.36327","hits":1564},{"value":"United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","hits":1237},{"value":"United States, New York, New York County, New York, 40.7142691, -74.0059729","hits":1203}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"us_states_facet","items":[{"value":"South Carolina","hits":6668},{"value":"Georgia","hits":5551},{"value":"Arkansas","hits":3858},{"value":"Mississippi","hits":3452},{"value":"Texas","hits":3433},{"value":"Tennessee","hits":2359},{"value":"Alabama","hits":2352},{"value":"North Carolina","hits":1658},{"value":"New York","hits":1565},{"value":"Florida","hits":1185},{"value":"District of Columbia","hits":1168}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"year_facet","items":[{"value":"1962","hits":5882},{"value":"1964","hits":5681},{"value":"1963","hits":5398},{"value":"1965","hits":5245},{"value":"1966","hits":5013},{"value":"1961","hits":4938},{"value":"1968","hits":4911},{"value":"1967","hits":4898},{"value":"1969","hits":4705},{"value":"1960","hits":4679},{"value":"1957","hits":4180},{"value":"1958","hits":4008},{"value":"1977","hits":3980},{"value":"1959","hits":3969},{"value":"1971","hits":3908},{"value":"1970","hits":3874},{"value":"1976","hits":3794},{"value":"1955","hits":3715},{"value":"1974","hits":3683},{"value":"1972","hits":3654},{"value":"1975","hits":3653},{"value":"1956","hits":3609},{"value":"1973","hits":3466},{"value":"1994","hits":3362},{"value":"1995","hits":3338},{"value":"1950","hits":3313},{"value":"1978","hits":3270},{"value":"1954","hits":3259},{"value":"1979","hits":3253},{"value":"1996","hits":3231},{"value":"1980","hits":3162},{"value":"1948","hits":3125},{"value":"1953","hits":3048},{"value":"1997","hits":3042},{"value":"1949","hits":3020},{"value":"1998","hits":2996},{"value":"1999","hits":2989},{"value":"1952","hits":2965},{"value":"1947","hits":2956},{"value":"1951","hits":2905},{"value":"1981","hits":2860},{"value":"2000","hits":2839},{"value":"2001","hits":2798},{"value":"2002","hits":2699},{"value":"1982","hits":2695},{"value":"1946","hits":2687},{"value":"2003","hits":2680},{"value":"1983","hits":2657},{"value":"1945","hits":2608},{"value":"1985","hits":2588},{"value":"1984","hits":2578},{"value":"1943","hits":2576},{"value":"1944","hits":2575},{"value":"1942","hits":2497},{"value":"1941","hits":2471},{"value":"1940","hits":2445},{"value":"1986","hits":2442},{"value":"1939","hits":2373},{"value":"1930","hits":2350},{"value":"1938","hits":2339},{"value":"1937","hits":2321},{"value":"2004","hits":2302},{"value":"1936","hits":2301},{"value":"2005","hits":2275},{"value":"1931","hits":2250},{"value":"1990","hits":2190},{"value":"1987","hits":2187},{"value":"1991","hits":2185},{"value":"1935","hits":2172},{"value":"2006","hits":2170},{"value":"1934","hits":2159},{"value":"1933","hits":2158},{"value":"1932","hits":2148},{"value":"1992","hits":2145},{"value":"1993","hits":2131},{"value":"1989","hits":1883},{"value":"1929","hits":1872},{"value":"1988","hits":1757},{"value":"1928","hits":1507},{"value":"1921","hits":1393},{"value":"1925","hits":1273},{"value":"1927","hits":1270},{"value":"1926","hits":1264},{"value":"1924","hits":1260},{"value":"1923","hits":1208},{"value":"1922","hits":1188},{"value":"1920","hits":1187},{"value":"2011","hits":1035},{"value":"2007","hits":1034},{"value":"2008","hits":1022},{"value":"2010","hits":997},{"value":"2009","hits":985},{"value":"2012","hits":985},{"value":"2013","hits":982},{"value":"2014","hits":929},{"value":"2016","hits":883},{"value":"1919","hits":850},{"value":"1918","hits":849},{"value":"2015","hits":832},{"value":"1900","hits":831}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null},"min":"0193","max":"2035","count":301629,"missing":11},{"name":"medium_facet","items":[{"value":"correspondence","hits":9630},{"value":"documents (object genre)","hits":4127},{"value":"letters (correspondence)","hits":3564},{"value":"newspapers","hits":1923},{"value":"manuscripts (documents)","hits":1690},{"value":"records (documents)","hits":1428},{"value":"oral histories (literary works)","hits":1385},{"value":"reports","hits":1361},{"value":"clippings (information artifacts)","hits":1154},{"value":"articles","hits":903},{"value":"transcripts","hits":816}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"rights_facet","items":[{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/","hits":13553},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/","hits":9202},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","hits":8110},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/","hits":6171},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/","hits":1674},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","hits":1494},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/","hits":39},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/","hits":20},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0/","hits":12},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-OW-EU/1.0/","hits":2},{"value":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"collection_titles_sms","items":[{"value":"John J. Herrera Papers","hits":3271},{"value":"Strom Thurmond Collection, Mss 100","hits":2068},{"value":"Lillian Eugenia Smith Papers (circa 1920-1980)","hits":1887},{"value":"Office of Desegregation Management","hits":1875},{"value":"Augusta Baker papers, 1911-1998","hits":1717},{"value":"Isaiah DeQuincey Newman, (1911-1985), Papers, 1929-2003","hits":1717},{"value":"Memphis World","hits":1484},{"value":"James W. Silver Collection","hits":1430},{"value":"Sovereignty Commission Online","hits":1423},{"value":"Integration Correspondence","hits":1420},{"value":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","hits":1403}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"provenance_facet","items":[{"value":"South Caroliniana Library","hits":4117},{"value":"John Davis Williams Library. Department of Archives and Special Collections","hits":3821},{"value":"University of North Texas. Libraries","hits":3316},{"value":"Hargrett Library","hits":3287},{"value":"University of South Carolina. Libraries","hits":3271},{"value":"Butler Center for Arkansas Studies","hits":2206},{"value":"South Carolina Digital Library","hits":2167},{"value":"University of South Carolina. South Carolina Political Collections","hits":1793},{"value":"Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library","hits":1663},{"value":"Rhodes College","hits":1641},{"value":"Mississippi. Department of Archives and History","hits":1435}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"class_name","items":[{"value":"Item","hits":40240},{"value":"Collection","hits":236}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"educator_resource_b","items":[{"value":"false","hits":40326},{"value":"true","hits":150}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null}}]}}