{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0144","title":"Oral history interview with Lawrence Ridgle, June 9, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Rouverol, Alicia J., 1961-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Ridgle, Lawrence, 1931-"],"dc_date":["1999-06-09"],"dcterms_description":["This is the second of two interviews with Lawrence Ridgle, who spent most of his life living in Durham, North Carolina. Ridgle begins this interview by offering a detailed description of his father's work with the American Tobacco Company, explaining that his father had a fairly good job with the company, considering the opportunities open to African Americans at the time. Following in their father's footsteps, Ridgle's sister also worked for the American Tobacco Company, she for more than forty years. Initially employed as a cleaning woman, Ridgle's sister eventually rose in the ranks of the company to become the first African American foreman. In chronicling her unique achievements, Ridgle argues that her success was a source of tension for some African American workers, who dubbed her \"the slave driver.\" Ridgle shifts to a discussion of his years spent in the army, arguing that much like his sister, he covered new ground in the area of African American leadership. After first serving as a noncommissioned officer over an all-black battalion in the army, Ridgle presided over one of the first integrated battalions during the early 1950s. He offers numerous anecdotes about his experiences in the army, including the racial tensions he witnessed. Ridgle devotes the last third of the interview to a discussion of his thoughts on the state of affairs for the African American community at the time of this 1999 interview, focusing primarily on the impact of demographic changes resulting from a rapidly growing Latino population. In outlining some of the emerging tensions between African Americans and Latinos, Ridgle argues that Latinos offered a good example of industrious behavior for African Americans and expresses his hope that the two groups could learn from one another. Asserting his belief that urban renewal in Durham was detrimental to African Americans, Ridgle also spends considerable time explaining his disdain for the current welfare system and his perception of drug abuse in Durham, arguing that both contributed to the decline of the African American community. The interview concludes with Ridgle's ideas for promoting alliances between African Americans, Latinos, and poor whites to work together for the benefit of all three marginalized groups.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American men--North Carolina--Durham","African Americans--North Carolina--Durham--Social conditions","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","Durham (N.C.)--Population","African Americans--North Carolina--Durham--Relations with Hispanic Americans","African American soldiers","Tobacco workers--Employment--North Carolina--Durham","Women tobacco workers--Employment--North Carolina--Durham"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Lawrence Ridgle, June 9, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0144/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 26, 2008).","Interview participants: Lawrence Ridgle, interviewee; Alicia Rouverol, interviewer.","Duration: 02:13:25.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Kristin Shaffer. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Ridgle, Lawrence, 1931-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0143","title":"Oral history interview with Lawrence Ridgle, June 3, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Rouverol, Alicia J., 1961-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Ridgle, Lawrence, 1931-"],"dc_date":["1999-06-03"],"dcterms_description":["This is the first of two interviews with Lawrence Ridgle, who was born during the height of the Great Depression and spent his childhood on Fayetteville Street in Durham, North Carolina. Ridgle begins the interview by recalling that his neighborhood was impoverished but close-knit. Ridgle describes the various ways in which people made ends meet through innovation during the Depression and helping one another out, arguing that \"getting by\" constituted great success. Ridgle also asserts his admiration for the social welfare programs that Franklin Delano Roosevelt implemented during those years because they put people to work and helped to feed people. Nevertheless, Ridgle also notes that he felt deep disdain for the modern welfare system. In addition to emphasizing community togetherness, he also discusses his father's job with the American Tobacco Company, which he later elaborates upon in his second interview. Ridgle devotes the second half of the interview to what he sees as decline within the African American community, particularly as a result of urban renewal projects that began during the 1960s. Ridgle argues that these projects created a disconnect between African Americans of different social classes, and that thriving African American business in Durham had all but disappeared during the period of urban renewal. He articulates his admiration for business owners who held out as long as possible. Ridgle concludes the interview by arguing that although many people initially understood urban renewal in a positive light, it ultimately served to isolate African American neighborhoods and communities.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American men--North Carolina--Durham","African Americans--North Carolina--Durham--Economic conditions","African Americans--North Carolina--Durham--Social conditions","Urban renewal--North Carolina--Durham","African American neighborhoods--North Carolina--Durham","New Deal, 1933-1939--North Carolina--Durham"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Lawrence Ridgle, June 3, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0143/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 26, 2008).","Interview participants: Lawrence Ridgle, interviewee; unidentified speaker; Alicia Rouverol, interviewer.","Duration: 01:03:50.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Kristin Shaffer. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Ridgle, Lawrence, 1931-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0168","title":"Oral history interview with Arthur Griffin, May 7, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Grundy, Pamela","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Mecklenburg County, Charlotte, 35.22709, -80.84313"],"dcterms_creator":["Griffin, Arthur, 1948?-"],"dc_date":["1999-05-07"],"dcterms_description":["Arthur Griffin, an African American man who attended segregated schools in Charlotte, North Carolina, and later became involved in school politics there, reflects on the legacies of desegregation and the nature of racism in Charlotte and elsewhere. Griffin fondly remembers Second Ward High School (which closed in 1969) and its teachers, who struggled to provide their students with a stellar education despite vastly inadequate resources. While he mourns the loss of Second Ward during desegregation, he thinks the process improved Charlotte by teaching white and black people to work together. Still, desegregation was not a panacea; Griffin believes that race-related problems like low academic achievement among African Americans persist.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["School integration--North Carolina--Charlotte","West Charlotte High School (N.C.)","Charlotte (N.C.)--Race relations","African Americans--North Carolina--Charlotte","African Americans--North Carolina--Charlotte--Attitudes","Second Ward High School (Charlotte, N.C.)"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Arthur Griffin, May 7, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0168/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 01:33:14"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Griffin, Arthur, 1948?-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0815","title":"Oral history interview with Mary T. Mathew, April 25, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Varma, Rashmi","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Mathew, Mary Thundyil"],"dc_date":["1999-04-25"],"dcterms_description":["Mary T. Mathew left her home near Kerala, India, for North Carolina in 1970, remembering that \"the second I disembarked in New York, I felt I had come home.\" After a period of adjustment, worrying about visas and financial stability, Mathew experienced four turning points that would define her life in the United States: she got her visa, began working, stopped wearing her traditional sari, and started to drive. Mathew and her husband embraced American culture, speaking English in the home and finding a place in a Christian community. As they formed new bonds, the ties with the fellow immigrants that had been so strong in their early days in America started to dissolve. In this interview, Mathew describes this transition and her forward-looking immigrant experience, one relatively unaffected by the pull of her homeland and marked by the release from the cultural norms and traditions of India. The most significant markers of this approach might be Mathew's children, whose desire to fit in with their American peers nudged Mathew and her husband toward reconsideration of the \"pre-established cultural-behavioral expectations\" they learned as Indians. The result, though it did not come without some anxiety, is a thriving family and a successful career. This interview will interest researchers concerned with immigration and assimilation.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["East Indian American women--North Carolina","East Indian Americans--Cultural assimilation--North Carolina","Americanization","East Indian Americans--Ethnic identity"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Mary T. Mathew, April 25, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0815/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 31, 2008).","Interview participants: Mary T. Mathew, interviewee; Rashmi Varma, interviewer.","Duration: 00:51:01.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Mathew, Mary Thundyil"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ere_c18_39732","title":"Oral History Interview with Dr. Andrew Best March 31, 1999","collection_id":"ere_c18","collection_title":"African American History","dcterms_contributor":["Moskop, Ruth"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Best, Andrew A., 1916-2005"],"dc_date":["1999-03-31"],"dcterms_description":["Oral history interview with Dr. Andrew Best, a longtime health care provider of Greenville, North Carolina. In this interview, Dr. Best discusses the importance of informing adolescent students about preventive care and communicable diseases. He also talks about several incidents that he witnessed during the Civil Rights era and his activity on local boards and councils during that time. The information covered in this interview is relevant to the years 1957 to 1972."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Medicine--Practice","Communicable diseases--Prevention","African American physicians--North Carolina--Greenville","School integration--North Carolina--Pitt County","Civil rights movements--United States--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Oral History Interview with Dr. Andrew Best March 31, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["J.Y. Joyner Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://digital.lib.ecu.edu/39732"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This item has been made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Researchers are responsible for using these materials in accordance with Title 17 of the United States Code and any other applicable statutes. If you are the creator or copyright holder of this item and would like it removed, please contact us at als_digitalcollections@ecu.edu."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0276","title":"Oral history interview with Jeff Black, March 29, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Grundy, Pamela","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Mecklenburg County, Charlotte, 35.22709, -80.84313"],"dcterms_creator":["Black, Jeff, 1981?-"],"dc_date":["1999-03-29"],"dcterms_description":["African American senior Jeff Black reflects on his experiences at West Charlotte High School. Black felt West Charlotte's ties to his community well before he set foot on the school's campus, and like many of his peers, he eagerly anticipated beginning school there. He was not disappointed: at West Charlotte, Black found an intellectually stimulating, socially energizing, and racially diverse environment that allowed him to commit himself both to reaching his individual goals and strengthening his community. But Black admits that West Charlotte is not immune to the legacies of segregation: students tend to self-segregate in the cafeteria, there are few minorities in advanced classes, and the administration limited marching band routines because, surmises Black, they reflect an aspect of black culture the school does not want to associate itself with. He nonetheless believes that West Charlotte's \"contagious\" sense of belonging outweighs racism. Black's experiences at West Charlotte have been so positive that he tells the interviewer that \"the race relations issue tends to be stressed a little bit too much.\" He believes that individuals have to choose to mingle with people from different backgrounds.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["School integration--North Carolina--Charlotte","Charlotte (N.C.)--Race relations","Schools--North Carolina--Charlotte","African Americans--North Carolina--Charlotte","African American students--North Carolina--Charlotte","African American students--North Carolina--Charlotte--Attitudes","West Charlotte High School (Charlotte, N.C.)"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Jeff Black, March 29, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0276/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 00:43:26"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Irons, Ned","Black, Jeff, 1981?-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0438","title":"Oral history interview with Leroy Magness, March 27, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Markey, Michelle","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Lincoln County, 35.48618, -81.22387","United States, North Carolina, Lincoln County, Lincolnton, 35.47375, -81.25453"],"dcterms_creator":["Magness, Leroy, 1920-2007"],"dc_date":["1999-03-27"],"dcterms_description":["Leroy Magness spent most of his life in Lincolnton, North Carolina, about thirty-five miles from Charlotte. A poet, and a man who \"didn't want to be a troublemaker,\" Magness has an easy relationship with his past as an African American in a segregated southern town. He did not participate in the civil rights movement, nor approve of those that did, believing that good behavior was a better catalyst for change than activism. This determination to avoid conflict lies at the heart of this interview, and, it seems, at the heart of Magness's character. He will not place blame for segregation, and his principal memory of desegregation was some trouble between white and black students.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American men--North Carolina--Lincolnton","African Americans--Segregation--North Carolina--Lincolnton","African American men--North Carolina--Lincolnton--Attitudes","Lincolnton (N.C.)--Race relations","Lincolnton (N.C.)--Social life and customs"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Leroy Magness, March 27, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0438/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Dec. 2, 2008).","Interview participants: Leroy Magness, interviewee; Michelle Markey, interviewer.","Duration: 01:21:45.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Magness, Leroy, 1920-2007"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0440","title":"Oral history interview with Kenneth Norton, March 23, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Campbell, Brian","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Gaston County, Davidson, 35.50233, -80.83912","United States, North Carolina, Mecklenburg County, 35.24671, -80.83276"],"dcterms_creator":["Norton, Kenneth, 1928?-"],"dc_date":["1999-03-23"],"dcterms_description":["Kenneth Norton attended the segregated Ada Jenkins School in Davidson, North Carolina, in the 1930s. In this interview, he shares some memories about the school and segregated Davidson. Norton describes an under-resourced school able to offer only eleven grades, limited instruction, and well-used uniforms for its sports teams. This interview offers background for those interested in the history of segregation in schools.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American schools--alumni and alumnae--North Carolina--Davidson","African American schools--North Carolina--Davidson","Segregation in education--North Carolina--Davidson","African Americans--Education--North Carolina--Davidson","Davidson (N.C.)--Social life and customs"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Kenneth Norton, March 23, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0440/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 26, 2008).","Interview participants: Kenneth Norton, interviewee; Brian Campbell, interviewer.","Duration: 00:36:55.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Norton, Kenneth, 1928?-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0434","title":"Oral history interview with Terry Graham, March 22, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Covington, Amanda","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Iredell County, 35.80708, -80.87344","United States, North Carolina, Iredell County, Mooresville, 35.58486, -80.81007"],"dcterms_creator":["Graham, Terry, 1919?-"],"dc_date":["1999-03-22"],"dcterms_description":["Mooresville, North Carolina, resident and taxi service operator Terry Graham describes his changing town in this interview. He worries that the town has \"just outgrown itself\" and is at risk of being swallowed up by nearby Charlotte; already, businesspeople from the racing industry are infiltrating the town, says Graham, and he worries about the effects of the closing of Burlington Mill on African Americans. The future for Mooresville as Graham sees it does not look bright for its lower-income residents. Perhaps the most significant change Graham describes is desegregation. He remembers a relatively uneventful process: though the white and black community disagreed about whether it was the white school or the black school that should undergo the conversion to an integrated facility, that and other questions were handled peacefully, even when Martin Luther King's assassination roiled the community. This interview offers a glimpse of a town in flux, sprawling toward an uncertain future.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American businesspeople--North Carolina--Mooresville","School integration--North Carolina--Mooresville","Mooresville (N.C.)--Race relations","Mooresville (N.C.)--Economic conditions"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Terry Graham, March 22, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0434/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on December 16, 2008).","Interview participants: Terry Graham, interviewee; Amanda Covington, interviewer.","Duration: 00:37:51.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Graham, Terry, 1919?-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0443","title":"Oral history interview with Clyde Smith, March 17, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["McGlamery, Reid","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Lincoln County, 35.48618, -81.22387","United States, North Carolina, Lincoln County, Lincolnton, 35.47375, -81.25453"],"dcterms_creator":["Smith, Clyde (Clyde T.)"],"dc_date":["1999-03-17"],"dcterms_description":["Clyde Smith took three coaching positions at Lincolnton High School in Lincoln County, North Carolina, shortly after a \"freedom of choice\" plan brought black students to the formerly all-white school, and shortly before integration began in earnest. He experienced integration as a coach: the basketball court and the football field were some of the earliest sites of integration. But while sports teams often integrated more smoothly than classrooms because the white community valued athletic ability, some tensions on his squads remained. Black players were frequently undisciplined, he remembers, preferring to goof off on the basketball court rather than run drills, or preferring the glory of Friday night football games to the rewards of Monday morning practice. Eventually, the all-white coaching staff warmed to their black athletes, but not before they dismissed a number of them. Smith offers only one side of the conflict between coaches and players, but his recollections suggest that though their abilities may have eased the integration process, black athletes nonetheless experienced some of the discomforts of the transition.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Coaches (Athletics)--North Carolina--Lincolnton","School integration--North Carolina--Lincolnton","African American high school students--North Carolina--Lincolnton","High school athletes--North Carolina--Lincolnton--Attitudes","Discrimination in sports -- North Carolina--Lincolnton","Lincolnton (N.C.)--Race relations","African Americans--North Carolina--Lincolnton--Social conditions"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Clyde Smith, March 17, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0443/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on November 10, 2008).","Interview participants: Clyde Smith, interviewee; Reid McGlamery, interviewer.","Duration: 00:38:17.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner.","Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Smith, Clyde (Clyde T.)"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0170","title":"Oral history interview with Ned Irons, March 16, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Grundy, Pamela","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Mecklenburg County, Charlotte, 35.22709, -80.84313"],"dcterms_creator":["Irons, Ned"],"dc_date":["1999-03-16"],"dcterms_description":["Ned Irons, a high achieving white student at West Charlotte High School in Charlotte, North Carolina, discusses his experiences as a member of a racial minority at this historically black school. Irons was lured to West Charlotte by its sports programs and glowing reputation, and once there found an intellectually stimulating and socially challenging environment. Irons sees West Charlotte as a school that finds its identity in African American culture, and in learning about that culture, he jettisoned many of his prejudices. In addition to sharing his personal experiences, Irons discusses race in Charlotte, including his belief that socioeconomics can help explain segregation and his conclusions that neighborhood schools will doom Charlotte to resegregation.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["School integration--North Carolina--Charlotte","Charlotte (N.C.)--Race relations","Students--North Carolina--Charlotte","Students--Education (Secondary)--North Carolina--Charlotte--Attitudes","Multicultural education--North Carolina--Charlotte","West Charlotte High School (Charlotte, N.C.)"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Ned Irons, March 16, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0170/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 00:47:23."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Irons, Ned"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ere_c18_39731","title":"Oral History Interview with Dr. Andrew Best March 3, 1999","collection_id":"ere_c18","collection_title":"African American History","dcterms_contributor":["Moskop, Ruth"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Best, Andrew A., 1916-2005"],"dc_date":["1999-03-03"],"dcterms_description":["Oral history interview with Dr. Andrew Best, a longtime health care provider of Greenville, North Carolina. In this interview, Dr. Best expresses the feelings he experienced when he came to eastern North Carolina and began his practice. He also discusses several incidents that he witnessed as a minority physician, the changes in health care that have occurred over the years, and the advances in public awareness of preventive health care. He specifically describes the preventive medicine education program he started in the 1950s. This interview covers the information pertinent to the years 1954 to 1963."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Medicine--Practice","East Carolina University--History","Pitt County Memorial Hospital--History","Civil rights","Medical personnel--Malpractice","African American physicians--North Carolina--Greenville","Segregation--North Carolina--Greenville"],"dcterms_title":["Oral History Interview with Dr. Andrew Best March 3, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["J.Y. Joyner Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://digital.lib.ecu.edu/39731"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This item has been made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Researchers are responsible for using these materials in accordance with Title 17 of the United States Code and any other applicable statutes. If you are the creator or copyright holder of this item and would like it removed, please contact us at als_digitalcollections@ecu.edu."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null}],"pages":{"current_page":92,"next_page":93,"prev_page":91,"total_pages":269,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":1092,"total_count":3226,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false},"facets":[{"name":"educator_resource_mediums_sms","items":[{"value":"timelines (chronologies)","hits":8},{"value":"online exhibitions","hits":7},{"value":"teaching guides","hits":3},{"value":"annotated bibliographies","hits":2},{"value":"bibliographies","hits":1},{"value":"slide shows","hits":1},{"value":"study guides","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"Sound","hits":3226},{"value":"Text","hits":1050},{"value":"StillImage","hits":109},{"value":"MovingImage","hits":23},{"value":"Collection","hits":4},{"value":"InteractiveResource","hits":2}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"creator_facet","items":[{"value":"KZSU (Radio station : Stanford, Calif.) ","hits":228},{"value":"KZSU Project South Interviews (SC0066)","hits":228},{"value":"Stanford University. Institute of American History","hits":228},{"value":"Louisiana State Museum","hits":226},{"value":"Goreau, Laurraine","hits":123},{"value":"Young, Andrew, 1932-","hits":67},{"value":"Gravely, William","hits":57},{"value":"Bethune-Cookman University","hits":33},{"value":"Rubin, Larry, 1942-","hits":25},{"value":"Breakthrough Film Crew","hits":23},{"value":"Smith, Donald","hits":22}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_facet","items":[{"value":"Oral history","hits":415},{"value":"Interviews","hits":351},{"value":"Civil rights","hits":334},{"value":"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","hits":324},{"value":"Memphis (Tenn.)","hits":311},{"value":"Civil rights movements--Michigan--Detroit","hits":294},{"value":"Nineteen sixty-seven, A.D.","hits":294},{"value":"Race riots--Michigan--Detroit","hits":294},{"value":"Race relations","hits":282},{"value":"Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","hits":260},{"value":"Southern Christian Leadership Conference","hits":257}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_personal_facet","items":[{"value":"Young, Andrew, 1932-","hits":339},{"value":"King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","hits":221},{"value":"Earle, Willie, 1922-1947","hits":61},{"value":"Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","hits":46},{"value":"Groppi, James, 1930-1985","hits":36},{"value":"Barbee, Lloyd A., 1925-2002","hits":32},{"value":"Bevill, Tom, 1921-2005","hits":29},{"value":"Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","hits":27},{"value":"Rubin, Larry, 1942-","hits":26},{"value":"Braden, Anne, 1924-2006","hits":25},{"value":"Abdullah, Rasul","hits":24}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"name_authoritative_sms","items":[{"value":"Young, Andrew, 1932-","hits":338},{"value":"King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","hits":220},{"value":"Earle, Willie, 1922-1947","hits":61},{"value":"Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","hits":44},{"value":"Groppi, James, 1930-1985","hits":37},{"value":"Barbee, Lloyd A., 1925-2002","hits":32},{"value":"Bevill, Tom, 1921-2005","hits":28},{"value":"Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","hits":27},{"value":"Rubin, Larry, 1942-","hits":25},{"value":"Abdullah, Rasul","hits":24},{"value":"Braden, Anne, 1924-2006","hits":24}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"event_title_sms","items":[{"value":"Housing Act of 1961","hits":247},{"value":"Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Nobel Prize","hits":215},{"value":"Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike","hits":169},{"value":"Little Rock Central High School Integration","hits":113},{"value":"SCOPE project","hits":34},{"value":"University of Georgia Integration","hits":11},{"value":"Dr. King's Assassination","hits":8},{"value":"Freedom Rides","hits":5},{"value":"Poor People's Campaign","hits":5},{"value":"Ole Miss Integration","hits":4},{"value":"Brown versus Board of Education","hits":3}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"location_facet","items":[{"value":"United States, 39.76, -98.5","hits":592},{"value":"United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","hits":388},{"value":"United States, Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, 35.14953, -90.04898","hits":327},{"value":"United States, Michigan, Wayne County, Detroit, 42.33143, -83.04575","hits":293},{"value":"United States, California, Santa Clara County, Stanford, 37.42411, -122.16608","hits":229},{"value":"United States, Louisiana, Natchitoches Parish, Natchitoches, 31.76072, -93.08627","hits":219},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044","hits":159},{"value":"United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249","hits":140},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","hits":117},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, 34.76993, -92.3118","hits":111},{"value":"United States, Illinois, Cook County, Chicago, 41.85003, -87.65005","hits":106}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"us_states_facet","items":[{"value":"Georgia","hits":535},{"value":"Tennessee","hits":442},{"value":"Louisiana","hits":317},{"value":"Michigan","hits":301},{"value":"North Carolina","hits":295},{"value":"California","hits":251},{"value":"Alabama","hits":212},{"value":"Arkansas","hits":195},{"value":"South Carolina","hits":172},{"value":"Mississippi","hits":159},{"value":"Illinois","hits":110}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"year_facet","items":[{"value":"1965","hits":406},{"value":"2005","hits":397},{"value":"2016","hits":341},{"value":"1968","hits":329},{"value":"1984","hits":329},{"value":"1972","hits":322},{"value":"1979","hits":303},{"value":"1990","hits":301},{"value":"1973","hits":298},{"value":"1974","hits":282},{"value":"1995","hits":276},{"value":"1983","hits":274},{"value":"1989","hits":274},{"value":"1981","hits":272},{"value":"1980","hits":263},{"value":"1982","hits":259},{"value":"1978","hits":258},{"value":"1975","hits":256},{"value":"1985","hits":256},{"value":"1976","hits":254},{"value":"1994","hits":254},{"value":"2017","hits":254},{"value":"1987","hits":252},{"value":"1986","hits":247},{"value":"1988","hits":246},{"value":"1977","hits":243},{"value":"1971","hits":241},{"value":"1970","hits":240},{"value":"1991","hits":233},{"value":"2015","hits":224},{"value":"2000","hits":221},{"value":"2007","hits":221},{"value":"1999","hits":220},{"value":"2002","hits":215},{"value":"2006","hits":215},{"value":"1992","hits":214},{"value":"1969","hits":213},{"value":"2008","hits":211},{"value":"2001","hits":207},{"value":"2004","hits":203},{"value":"2011","hits":200},{"value":"1997","hits":199},{"value":"1996","hits":195},{"value":"2012","hits":195},{"value":"1993","hits":194},{"value":"1998","hits":194},{"value":"2009","hits":187},{"value":"1963","hits":185},{"value":"2003","hits":185},{"value":"1962","hits":181},{"value":"1964","hits":173},{"value":"1967","hits":166},{"value":"2010","hits":165},{"value":"1959","hits":164},{"value":"1966","hits":162},{"value":"2013","hits":160},{"value":"1960","hits":158},{"value":"1961","hits":158},{"value":"2014","hits":158},{"value":"1957","hits":157},{"value":"2018","hits":157},{"value":"1955","hits":156},{"value":"1956","hits":155},{"value":"1958","hits":155},{"value":"1954","hits":154},{"value":"1950","hits":153},{"value":"1952","hits":153},{"value":"1953","hits":153},{"value":"1951","hits":152},{"value":"2019","hits":151},{"value":"1946","hits":148},{"value":"1947","hits":148},{"value":"1948","hits":148},{"value":"1949","hits":148},{"value":"1943","hits":146},{"value":"2020","hits":146},{"value":"1940","hits":145},{"value":"1941","hits":145},{"value":"1942","hits":145},{"value":"1944","hits":145},{"value":"1945","hits":145},{"value":"1934","hits":142},{"value":"1932","hits":141},{"value":"1933","hits":141},{"value":"1935","hits":141},{"value":"1936","hits":141},{"value":"1937","hits":141},{"value":"1938","hits":141},{"value":"1939","hits":141},{"value":"2022","hits":134},{"value":"2021","hits":132},{"value":"2023","hits":128},{"value":"2024","hits":127},{"value":"2025","hits":115},{"value":"1928","hits":32},{"value":"1929","hits":32},{"value":"1930","hits":32},{"value":"1931","hits":32},{"value":"1924","hits":31},{"value":"1925","hits":31}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null},"min":"0193","max":"2033","count":20337,"missing":0},{"name":"medium_facet","items":[{"value":"oral histories (literary works)","hits":1807},{"value":"sound recordings","hits":1304},{"value":"transcripts","hits":683},{"value":"interviews","hits":315},{"value":"files (digital files)","hits":114},{"value":"audiocassettes","hits":113},{"value":"audiotapes","hits":86},{"value":"photographs","hits":75},{"value":"tape reels","hits":56},{"value":"MP3","hits":24},{"value":"open reel audiotapes","hits":21}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"rights_facet","items":[{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/","hits":1687},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/","hits":1016},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/","hits":262},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/","hits":158},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","hits":55},{"value":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","hits":26},{"value":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","hits":14},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0/","hits":6},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","hits":3},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-OW-EU/1.0/","hits":1},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"collection_titles_sms","items":[{"value":"Andrew J. Young Oral Histories","hits":355},{"value":"Detroit 67: Looking Back to Move Forward","hits":293},{"value":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","hits":258},{"value":"KZSU Project South Interviews","hits":228},{"value":"Natchitoches-Cane River Oral History Collection","hits":226},{"value":"Butler Center for Arkansas Studies Audio Collection","hits":179},{"value":"Sanitation Strike Tapes","hits":174},{"value":"Laurraine Goreau Interviews and Recordings","hits":124},{"value":"Everett R. Cook Oral History Collection","hits":93},{"value":"Oral History Collection (Chicago History Museum)","hits":86},{"value":"Working Lives Oral History Project","hits":83}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"provenance_facet","items":[{"value":"Auburn Avenue Research Library on African-American Culture and History","hits":356},{"value":"Rhodes College","hits":313},{"value":"Detroit Historical Society","hits":294},{"value":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)","hits":260},{"value":"Stanford University. Libraries. Department of Special Collections","hits":229},{"value":"Louisiana State Museum","hits":227},{"value":"Butler Center for Arkansas Studies","hits":184},{"value":"South Caroliniana Library","hits":134},{"value":"Tulane University. Special Collections","hits":125},{"value":"William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library","hits":114},{"value":"Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library","hits":112}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"class_name","items":[{"value":"Item","hits":3153},{"value":"Collection","hits":73}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"educator_resource_b","items":[{"value":"false","hits":3209},{"value":"true","hits":17}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null}}]}}