{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"dhs_activists_723","title":"Rosemary Schofield","collection_id":"dhs_activists","collection_title":"Detroit 67: Looking Back to Move Forward","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Michigan, Wayne County, Detroit, 42.33143, -83.04575"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2000/2024"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Schofield describes growing up in the multiracial community in Mexicantown. She discusses the activities done within the neighborhood, friends and neighbors in the neighborhood, and what stores, housing, and schools within that neighborhood were like. Note: I had given the interviewee the questions prior to the interview. She followed the questions and I did not speak, as I did not want to interrupt her train of thought. Thus, why I only spoke at the very beginning and the rest is her speaking"],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Detroit, Mich. : Detroit Historical Society"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Race riots--Michigan--Detroit","Civil rights movements--Michigan--Detroit","Nineteen sixty-seven, A.D."],"dcterms_title":["Rosemary Schofield"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Detroit Historical Society"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://detroit1967.detroithistorical.org/items/show/723"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Detroit Historical Society"],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dhs_activists_724","title":"Sheila Sharpe","collection_id":"dhs_activists","collection_title":"Detroit 67: Looking Back to Move Forward","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Michigan, Wayne County, Detroit, 42.33143, -83.04575"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2000/2024"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Sharpe examines her childhood living in inner city Detroit and the experiences she had growing up as a child along with her experiences as a teenager. She also discusses the state of her current neighborhood of residence and its surrounding amenities today as well as how both have evolved over the years."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Detroit, Mich. : Detroit Historical Society"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Race riots--Michigan--Detroit","Civil rights movements--Michigan--Detroit","Nineteen sixty-seven, A.D."],"dcterms_title":["Sheila Sharpe"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Detroit Historical Society"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://detroit1967.detroithistorical.org/items/show/724"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Detroit Historical Society"],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ndd_snccanniversarytapes","title":"Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 40th anniversary conference videocassette tapes 2000","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":null,"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2000"],"dcterms_description":["Sixteen digital videocassette tapes documenting the 13 April 2000 conference, \"We Who Believe in Freedom Cannot Rest: Ella J. Baker (\"Miss Baker\") and the Birth of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee,\" held at Shaw University, in Raleigh, NC."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)"],"dcterms_title":["Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 40th anniversary conference videocassette tapes 2000"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Duke University. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://repository.duke.edu/dc/snccanniversarytapes"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","moving images"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Baker, Ella"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dhs_activists_709","title":"Wyleana Bivins","collection_id":"dhs_activists","collection_title":"Detroit 67: Looking Back to Move Forward","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Michigan, Wayne County, Detroit, 42.33143, -83.04575"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2000/2024"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Wyleana talks about moving to Detroit, her experience growing in Detroit, the 1963 march, the 1967 uprising, and what life was like before and after those events."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Detroit, Mich. : Detroit Historical Society"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Race riots--Michigan--Detroit","Civil rights movements--Michigan--Detroit","Nineteen sixty-seven, A.D."],"dcterms_title":["Wyleana Bivins"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Detroit Historical Society"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://detroit1967.detroithistorical.org/items/show/709"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Detroit Historical Society"],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"vrc_car_37167","title":"Barksdale W. Haggins and Irving Haggins interview (1999-12-12)","collection_id":"vrc_car","collection_title":"Carver-VCU Partnership Oral History Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Carver-VCU Partnership","James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Virginia, City of Richmond, 37.55376, -77.46026"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1999-12-12"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, brothers Barksdale W. Haggins and Irving Haggins reminisce about their early years growing up in the Carver neighborhood of Richmond, Va. The Haggins brothers discuss their childhoods in Carver; including recollections of friends, neighbors, schools and events. They also reflect on changes to the neighborhood and the city of Richmond and the effects of segregation and integration.","Part of a series of interviews conducted as part of a Carver-VCU Partnership project documenting the history of the Carver neighborhood in Richmond, Virginia."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Richmond, Va. : VCU Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Carver Living Newspaper Project","Carver Neighborhood - VCU Partnership Archives, RG 59-1"],"dcterms_subject":["African American neighborhoods--Virginia--Richmond--Social conditions","Segregation--Virginia--Richmond","Haggins, Irving, 1934---Childhood and youth--Anecdotes","Haggins, Irving, 1934---Interviews","Haggins, Barksdale W., 1932---Childhood and youth--Anecdotes","Haggins, Barksdale W., 1932---Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Barksdale W. Haggins and Irving Haggins interview (1999-12-12)"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["James Branch Cabell Library. Special Collections and Archives"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://digital.library.vcu.edu/islandora/object/vcu%3A37167"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted","This material is protected by copyright, and copyright is held by VCU. You are permitted to use this material in any way that is permitted by copyright. In addition, this material is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Acknowledgment of Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries as a source is required."],"dcterms_medium":["sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Track 1: 86.6 MB (47 minutes, 19 seconds)"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Haggins, Irving, 1934-","Haggins, Barksdale W., 1932-","Davis, Trina","Lucas, Lucy Anne"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0654","title":"Oral history interview with Gwendolyn Matthews, December 9, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Van Scoyoc, Peggy","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Wake County, Cary, 35.79154, -78.78112","United States, North Carolina, Wake County, Raleigh, 35.7721, -78.63861"],"dcterms_creator":["Matthews, Gwendolyn"],"dc_date":["1999-12-09"],"dcterms_description":["Gwendolyn Matthews grew up in Cary, North Carolina, during the 1950s. She was a student at the African American high school Berry O'Kelly until 1962, when she was selected to be one of the first five students (all of which were female) to integrate Cary High School. Matthews was selected, in part, because of her father's active role with the NAACP and their effort to integrate Wake County Schools. Matthews describes in detail what the experience of integration was like, recalling in particular the great degree of hostility with which she and the other African American students were met. As Matthews recalls it, hostility did not come just from white students, but from a number of the white teachers as well. Whereas she had been actively involved in athletics and various school clubs at Berry O'Kelly, Matthews did not become involved in similar activities at Cary High School, largely because she never felt accepted. Overall, Matthews describes the integration process as overwhelming. Nevertheless, because of the support of her family, she emerged with few negative feelings. Instead, she suggests that the experience made her more compassionate towards others. In addition to describing her experiences with school integration, Matthews offers a brief overview of her college education, and her career trajectory. She eventually became an English teacher. Matthews also speaks more broadly of racial discrimination in Cary while she was growing up, as well as her participation in various civil rights activities. Matthews recalls that most of the demonstrations in Cary and Raleigh were nonviolent. She concludes the interview by offering her thoughts on the positive and negative consequences of integration. While she believes that integration was generally beneficial for African Americans in that it opened opportunities in education and employment and raised standards of living, she also laments the loss of community and the emphasis on extended family among African Americans that integration engendered.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American women teachers--North Carolina--Raleigh","High schools--Alumni and alumnae--North Carolina--Cary","School integration--North Carolina--Cary","African American high school students--North Carolina--Cary--Social conditions","Social isolation--North Carolina--Cary","Cary (N.C.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Gwendolyn Matthews, December 9, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0654/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 18, 2008).","Interview participants: Gwendolyn Matthews, interviewee; Peggy Van Scoyoc, interviewer.","Duration: 01:10:02.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Matthews, Gwendolyn"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_r-0345","title":"Oral history interview with Julian Bond, November 1 and 22, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Gritter, Elizabeth","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Bond, Julian, 1940-"],"dc_date":["1999-11-01/1999-11-22"],"dcterms_description":["As the son of Lincoln University president Horace Mann Bond, Julian Bond came into contact with black thinkers, musicians, and artists. The historically black Lincoln had served as a haven for black intelligentsia, but it also protected Bond from the pains of white racism. His parents sent him to a Quaker private school, where Bond learned pacifist principles. Upon graduating, Bond decided to attend Morehouse University in Atlanta, Georgia. There he became active in the civil rights movement while working on a local black newspaper. In his work with the newspaper, Bond witnessed whites' and black elites' opposition to the push for rapid racial change. The swelling protests among southern blacks, especially college students, piqued Bond's interest. His fervor led him to drop out of school, much to his parents' chagrin. Bond describes his involvement with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and his connection with other activists, including Ella Baker, Martin Luther King Jr., Bayard Rustin, John Lewis, Fannie Lou Hamer, Bob Moses, and Stokely Carmichael. The grassroots training experiences he gained working with local activists in Atlanta prepared him for voter registration organizing in rural southern counties. Bond explains the ideological tensions between SNCC and older civil rights activist groups. Many older activists, Bond argues, rejected younger blacks' radicalism as moving too fast, too soon. He discusses the growing internal divide that led to a black power camp and an integrationist camp within SNCC brought about by the inclusion of white Freedom Summer workers. Bond discusses his three successful bids for the Georgia House of Representatives and that body's refusal to seat him in 1966. In 1968, he formed a black challenge delegation to Georgia's all-white pro-segregation Democratic delegation at the Chicago convention. In the 1980s, Bond protested apartheid by boycotting stores that sold South African items.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Southern States","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Civil rights movements--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Student movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Southern States--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Julian Bond, November 1 and 22, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0345/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 25, 2008).","Interview participants: Julian Bond, interviewee; Elizabeth Gritter, interviewer.","Duration: 01:27:20.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Bond, Julian, 1940-2015"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_r-0345","title":"Oral history interview with Julian Bond, November 1 and 22, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Gritter, Elizabeth","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Bond, Julian, 1940-"],"dc_date":["1999-11-01/1999-11-22"],"dcterms_description":["As the son of Lincoln University president Horace Mann Bond, Julian Bond came into contact with black thinkers, musicians, and artists. The historically black Lincoln had served as a haven for black intelligentsia, but it also protected Bond from the pains of white racism. His parents sent him to a Quaker private school, where Bond learned pacifist principles. Upon graduating, Bond decided to attend Morehouse University in Atlanta, Georgia. There he became active in the civil rights movement while working on a local black newspaper. In his work with the newspaper, Bond witnessed whites' and black elites' opposition to the push for rapid racial change. The swelling protests among southern blacks, especially college students, piqued Bond's interest. His fervor led him to drop out of school, much to his parents' chagrin. Bond describes his involvement with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and his connection with other activists, including Ella Baker, Martin Luther King Jr., Bayard Rustin, John Lewis, Fannie Lou Hamer, Bob Moses, and Stokely Carmichael. The grassroots training experiences he gained working with local activists in Atlanta prepared him for voter registration organizing in rural southern counties. Bond explains the ideological tensions between SNCC and older civil rights activist groups. Many older activists, Bond argues, rejected younger blacks' radicalism as moving too fast, too soon. He discusses the growing internal divide that led to a black power camp and an integrationist camp within SNCC brought about by the inclusion of white Freedom Summer workers. Bond discusses his three successful bids for the Georgia House of Representatives and that body's refusal to seat him in 1966. In 1968, he formed a black challenge delegation to Georgia's all-white pro-segregation Democratic delegation at the Chicago convention. In the 1980s, Bond protested apartheid by boycotting stores that sold South African items.","Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 25, 2008).","Interview participants: Julian Bond, interviewee; Elizabeth Gritter, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Southern States","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Civil rights movements--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Student movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Southern States--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Julian Bond, November 1 and 22, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/R-0345/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 160 kilobytes, 159 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 159 MB, 01:27:20"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Bond, Julian, 1940-2015"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0266","title":"Oral history interview with Mabel Williams, August 20, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Cecelski, David S.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Union County, 34.98837, -80.53073","United States, North Carolina, Union County, Monroe, 34.98543, -80.54951"],"dcterms_creator":["Williams, Mabel R."],"dc_date":["1999-08-20"],"dcterms_description":["Mabel Williams paints a vivid picture of segregated Monroe, North Carolina, detailing the subjugation that ate away at African Americans' sense of self. Among those who resisted was Williams's husband, Robert, the descendant of a long line of assertive African Americans, who slept with a pearl-handled revolver under his pillow. Williams remembers Robert for much of this interview, describing how his militant, assertive conviction in racial equality clashed with the rigid segregationist mentality in Monroe. Unable to assimilate in the way that many African Americans did, Robert earned the ire of white city fathers, who prevented him from finding employment in a quest to injure him and his family and undermine his masculinity. The local newspaper stopped printing his letters, one of his only safety valves for expressing the frustrations that gave him migraine headaches. But these efforts at stifling Robert's activism failed; he only grew more determined to resist white supremacy, arming himself and training fellow African Americans in armed self-defense. Guns became an important part of the Williamses' lives, whether on Robert's hip or on the seat of the car next to Mabel. Thus protected, Robert organized demonstrations to desegregate an all-white swimming pool, and even ran for mayor. Williams eventually left not only Monroe, but the United States altogether. This interview is a detailed account of the life and work of one civil rights activist who believed in violent resistance in a time of nonviolent protest.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American women civil rights workers--North Carolina--Monroe","African American women political activists--North Carolina--Monroe","African American radicals--North Carolina--Monroe","Civil rights movements--North Carolina--Monroe","Direct action--North Carolina--Monroe","African Americans--Segregation--North Carolina--Monroe","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina--Monroe","Monroe (N.C.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Mabel Williams, August 20, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/K-0266/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 31, 2008).","Interview participants: Mabel Williams, interviewee; David Cecelski, interviewer.","Duration: 03:07:53.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hillapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Williams, Mabel R.","Williams, Robert F. (Robert Franklin), 1925-1996"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_k-0814","title":"Oral history interview with Chandrika Dalal, July 22, 1999","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Jilani, Andrew","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Chatham County, 35.70258, -79.25535","United States, North Carolina, Chatham County, Pittsboro, 35.72015, -79.17724"],"dcterms_creator":["Dalal, Chandrika"],"dc_date":["1999-07-22"],"dcterms_description":["Chandrika Dalal discusses her experiences as an Indian immigrant in the United States. Despite her husband's alcoholism and excessive gambling in India, she agreed to move with him to the United States since she saw in the move an opportunity to improve her family's life. Upon arrival in California, she moved in with her recently emigrated brother. There, Dalal worked in her brother's hotel business. She came to appreciate the diversity and economic opportunity that California offered but later relocated with her brother to rural North Carolina. She felt more secure there than she did in California but had difficulty being accepted because of cultural and language barriers. She faced other problems, too, including what she describes as police harassment and punitive city codes that she says prevented her from earning a livelihood as a restaurateur. To earn money, she found work at the University of North Carolina as a housekeeper. Despite her husband's refusal to provide financial security for their family, Dalal upheld traditional Indian gender norms. She believed her cultural beliefs to be superior to what she saw as the moral corruption in America, which she learned about largely from television shows. Even though her daughters arrived in the United States as toddlers and assumed an American identity, she says that they still experience ethnic discrimination. In turn, says Dalal, her daughters' Americanization creates a distance between them and her family in India because they know little of Indian customs, language, and traditions, a state of affairs she greatly regrets.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["East Indian American women--North Carolina","East Indian American businesspeople--North Carolina--Pittsboro","East Indian Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina","East Indian Americans--Cultural assimilation--North Carolina","Americanization"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Chandrika Dalal, July 22, 1999"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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