{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0077","title":"Oral history interview with Rita Jackson Samuels, April 30, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Bass, Jack","De Vries, Walter","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Samuels, Rita Jackson"],"dc_date":["1974-04-30"],"dcterms_description":["Rita Jackson Samuels, coordinator of the Governor's Council on Human Relations in Atlanta, Georgia, offers her thoughts on the changing racial dynamics of her home state. She gives the most attention to measuring the progress of African Americans in Georgia during her tenure and that of Governor Jimmy Carter. She also discusses at length the installation of a portrait of Martin Luther King in the state capitol, a move which she initiated, and describes its symbolic importance.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Women in politics","Georgia--Politics and government","African American politicians--Georgia","African American women","Women political activists--Georgia","African American women--Georgia","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Rita Jackson Samuels, April 30, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0077/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 00:47:44"],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Samuels, Rita Jackson"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_e-0062","title":"Oral history interview with Ashley Davis, April 12, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Rymer, Russ","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["Davis, Ashley"],"dc_date":["1974-04-12"],"dcterms_description":["Ashley Davis arrived as a student at University of North Carolina in 1968 and became involved with the Black Student Movement (BSM). Still in its infancy, the BSM was a growing force on campus, and in 1969, the food workers at UNC asked the BSM for its support in their strike. Davis describes how leading up to the strike, Preston Dobbins, leader of the BSM, had gathered funds to hire Otis Light to work with service workers on campus. Primarily African American, service workers on campus often faced poor working conditions and low pay. By 1968, workers in the cafeteria had become especially discontent with low wages, split shifts, and unpaid overtime work. In the spring of 1969, the cafeteria workers, led by a group of women who worked in the Pine Room at Lenoir Hall, decided to go on strike. Davis emphasizes throughout the interview that the food workers led their own strike and that any assistance the BSM provided was supportive only. The BSM was there from the beginning, says Davis, helping to slow down service in the cafeteria by holding up the lines, thereby giving food workers the opportunity to walk out and begin their strike. During the rest of the strike, the BSM helped by boycotting and picketing outside of Lenoir Hall. In addition, the BSM raised funds in order to set up an alternative \"soul food cafeteria\" in Manning Hall so that food workers could continue working and so that students boycotting the cafeterias had somewhere to eat. Davis describes how the Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) was one of the BSM's main outlets of support during the food workers strike. According to Davis, however, the BSM's support of the striking food workers led to tensions between African American students and conservative white students. Davis describes how a series of confrontations led Governor Terry Sanford to call in state troopers to mediate the situation, and he explains how the presence of these troopers ultimately worked in favor of the strikers. In addition, Davis discusses at some length the reaction of Chancellor J. Carlyle Sitterson to the BSM and the strike. He concludes by offering his thoughts on the outcome of the strike and the impact of the BSM's role in the conflict.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Black Student Movement","African American students--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill--Students","Strikes and lockouts--Food industry and trade--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Food service employees--Labor unions--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Food industry and trade--Employees--Labor unions--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Southern Student Organizing Committee (Nashville, Tenn.)","College students--North Carolina--Chapel Hill--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Ashley Davis, April 12, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/E-0062/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on February 7, 2008).","Interview participants: Ashley Davis, interviewee; Russell Rymer, interviewer.","Duration: 01:36:10.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Davis, Ashley","Sitterson, J. Carlyle (Joseph Carlyle), 1911-1995"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_b-0010","title":"Oral history interview with Igal Roodenko, April 11, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd","Adams, Charlotte, 1903?-2005","Felmet, Joseph, 1921-","Wingate, Jerry","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Roodenko, Igal"],"dc_date":["1974-04-11"],"dcterms_description":["Igal Roodenko was born to first-generation immigrants in New York City in 1917. Throughout the 1930s, Roodenko was drawn to leftist politics and pacifism. He describes the internal dilemma that he and other pacifists faced as they sought to reconcile their ideals of non-violence with their belief that Hitler's regime warranted opposition. Ultimately, Roodenko became a conscientious objector during the conflict. Rather than facing a prison sentence for his refusal to bear arms, Roodenko spent most of World War II in a camp for conscientious objectors. Increasingly involved in leftist politics during the war, Roodenko participated in hunger strikes while at the camp and eventually did serve time in prison. Following the war, he utilized his experiences with peace groups and Ghandian nonviolence to become a leader in the burgeoning civil rights movement. Roodenko speaks at length about his participation in the Journey of Reconciliation in 1947. Already a member of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), Roodenko helped to organize the Journey, an interracial endeavor to test the Supreme Court's ruling in the Irene Morgan case (1946) as it applied to public transportation in the South. Roodenko describes the strategies CORE employed as they tested segregation policies on buses for Trailways and Greyhound. In Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Roodenko and fellow activists were arrested for refusing to abide by the bus driver's demand that black and white passengers not sit together. He recalls the threat of mob violence against the activists and the role of Chapel Hill minister Charles Jones in helping them escape town safely. Roodenko and the other CORE activists lost their court appeal and he spent thirty days working on a segregated chain gang in North Carolina. His recollections in this interview help to illuminate activist strategies, interracial cooperation, and reasons for limited success as the civil rights movement began to build momentum in the late 1940s.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--North Carolina","Civil rights workers--Southern States","Political activists--Southern States","Conscientious objectors--United States","Civil rights demonstrations--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Congress of Racial Equality","Journey of Reconciliation, 1947","Segregation in transportation--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Southern States--Race relations","African Americans--Segregation--Southern States","World War, 1939-1945--Protest movements--United States","Peace movements--United States","Chain gangs--North Carolina"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Igal Roodenko, April 11, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/B-0010/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 30, 2008).","Interview participants: Igal Roodenko, interviewee; Joe Felmet, interviewee; Charlotte Adams, interviewee; Unidentified speaker; Jacquelyn Hall, interviewer; Jerry Wingate, interviewer.","Duration: 02:13:59.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Roodenko, Igal","Felmet, Joseph, 1921-1994","Adams, Charlotte, 1903?-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"wsu_wsuboh_duncan-interview1","title":"Mrs. Armeta Duncan, April 4, 1974","collection_id":"wsu_wsuboh","collection_title":"Black Oral History Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Montana, Silver Bow County, 45.90236, -112.65672","United States, Montana, Silver Bow County, Butte, 46.00382, -112.53474"],"dcterms_creator":["Duncan, Armeta"],"dc_date":["1974-04-04"],"dcterms_description":["Oral history interview with Mrs. Armeta Duncan of Butte, Montana.","TAPE 1, SIDE A: 1 - 4 Born in Virginia near where Lee surrendered. Story of her aunt being visited by Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant. Family background. 4 - 7","She traveled from Philadelphia with a couple as a servant in 1905. She stayed in Butte because she met her future husband. 7 - 10 She worked at the Four Jacks Club as a waitress. Other jobs. Two black churches when she moved to Butte, a Methodist and a Baptist. Other Negro social clubs. 10 - 14 Black businesses. Blacks were employed throughout the city. Frank Castle, the black policeman. 14 - 20 Well-known blacks in Butte. Her family and their accomplishments. She maintains contact with relatives in Virginia. 21 - 27 Other black families in Butte. Sports activities. Black baseball team. Black musicians. Charlie Pride is from Montana. 27 - 29 NAACP Chapter in town. 29 - 30 Her husband was a foot specialist.","TAPE 1, SIDE B: 0 - 2 She talks about her husband's work. She reads from an article about him. 2 - 5 Jobs other blacks had in town--janitors, waiters, porters. Many were personal servants of wealthy mine owners. 5 - 10 The black servants were generally well-treated by their white employers. Names of some of the rich families. Blacks who worked in local government. 10 - 12 Why black people moved out of Butte. Many went to work in the shipping yards in WW II. 12 - 14 Blacks in surrounding areas. Publications they read to keep up with black activities in other places. Her daughter talks a bit about working for the Amsterdam News. 14 - 19 Blacks interactions with other minorities in Butte. Other black newspapers. 19 - 23","Feelings about living in Butte. Her daughter also talks about life in Butte.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Black Oral History Interviews, 1972-1974, Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of online collection: Black Oral History Interviews Collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Oral history--United States","Family--History--Virginia","African Americans--Montana--Butte","African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","Butte (Mont.)--Social conditions--20th century","Community life--Montana--Butte","African Americans--Employment--Montana","Domestics--Montana--Butte","Four Jacks Club (Butte, Mont.)","Four Jacks Club (Butte, Mont.)--Employees","Waitresses--Montana--Butte","Job vacancies--Montana--Butte","African American churches--Montana--Butte","Churches--Montana--Butte","African Americans--Religion","African American Baptists--Montana--Butte","Baptists--Montana--Butte","African American Methodists--Montana--Butte","Methodists--Montana--Butte","Clubs--Montana--Butte","Societies--Montana--Butte","Social groups--Montana--Butte","African Americans--Societies, etc.","African American business enterprises--Montana--Butte","Business enterprises--Montana--Butte","African American businesspeople--Montana--Butte","Businesspeople--Montana--Butte","African American police--Montana--Butte","Police--Montana--Butte","Singers--Montana--Butte","African American singers--Montana--Butte","Musicians--Montana--Butte","African American musicians--Montana--Butte","African Americans--Music","Entertainment events--Montana--Butte","African American entertainers--Montana--Butte","Entertainers--Montana--Butte","African Americans--Recreation","Recreation--Montana--Butte","Sports--Montana--Butte","African Americans--Sports","African American athletes--Montana--Butte","Athletes--Montana--Butte","African American baseball players--Montana--Butte","Baseball players--Montana--Butte","Baseball teams--Montana--Butte","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Butte Chapter","African Americans--Civil rights--Montana--Butte","Civil rights--Montana--Butte","Podiatry--Montana--Butte","Podiatrists--Montana--Butte","Foot--Diseases--Montana--Butte","African American physicians--Montana--Butte","Physicians--Montana--Butte","Janitors--Montana--Butte","Porters--Montana--Butte","Waiters--Montana--Butte","Rich people--Montana--Butte","Mines and mineral resources--Ownership--Montana--Butte","Ownership--Montana--Butte","Butte (Mont.)--Officials and employees","Shipyards--Montana--Butte","Shipbuilding industry--Employees","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--African Americans","Amsterdam news","African American newspapers--Montana","Newspapers","African Americans--Periodicals","African Americans--Relations with Indians","Montana--Race relations","Butte (Mont.)--Race relations","Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Mrs. Armeta Duncan, April 4, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Washington State University. Library. Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://content.libraries.wsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/5985/id/55"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["For permission to publish, please contact Washington State University Libraries, Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections (509) 335 - 6691."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":null,"dcterms_extent":["audio/x-pn-realaudio"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Duncan, Armeta","Duncan, Miss","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Castle, Frank, policeman","Pride, Charley","Duncan, Dr."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0107","title":"Oral history interview with Aaron Henry, April 2, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Bass, Jack","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036"],"dcterms_creator":["Henry, Aaron, 1922-"],"dc_date":["1974-04-02"],"dcterms_description":["Aaron Henry, an officeholder in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the chairman of the Mississippi Democratic Party, shares his thoughts and recollections on the intersection of race and politics in his home state. Despite racially motivated violence, Henry is determined to use his education and political skills to advance the interest of black Mississippians, a group under assault by racist white politicians committed to reversing the gains of the civil rights movement. This interview will be useful for researchers interested in the insidious role of race in 1970s Mississippi politics.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--Mississippi","Mississippi--Politics and government","Mississippi--Race relations","School integration--Mississippi","Republican Party (Miss.)","African American politicians--Mississippi","Democratic Party (Miss.)","Mississippi--Race relations--Political aspects","African Americans--Mississippi--Politics and government","Racism--Political aspects--Mississippi","African Americans--Mississippi--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Aaron Henry, April 2, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0107/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 01:28:07"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","Henry, Aaron, 1922-1997"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"wsu_wsuboh_williamknott","title":"William Knott, April 2, 1974","collection_id":"wsu_wsuboh","collection_title":"Black Oral History Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Montana, Cascade County, 47.30802, -111.34715","United States, Montana, Cascade County, Great Falls, 47.50024, -111.30081"],"dcterms_creator":["Knott, William, 1896-"],"dc_date":["1974-04-02"],"dcterms_description":["Oral history interview with William Knott of Great Falls, Montana.","TAPE 1, SIDE A: 0 - 5 His parents came by train from Memphis in 1892. Family background. Early Great Falls--sporting girls and cow punchers. Father first worked as a janitor. 5 - 7 Not many Negroes in Great Falls. Black barbershops wouldn't cut blacks' hair. Black church. The African Methodist Episcopal Church. 7 - 11 Black social clubs. There were not enough colored men in town to organize anything. No Negro section of town. Other black businesses. 11 - 14 Schooling. There was no segregation in the school but prejudice was obvious once he got out of school. Alva Jacobs, a well-known black from the area. 14 - 18 He is in close contact with other relatives. Large black families in the area. Sports activities. Entertainment. Shows that came through town. 18 - 22 Describes his work as a tailor--he had two shops. Worked 14 years for the state liquor board. Other jobs available for blacks. 22 - 27 Most blacks were Democrats. Black politicians and government workers. Blacks left the city for work elsewhere. 27 - 29 Prejudice. TAPE 1, SIDE B: 0 - 3 Many blacks were railroad men and moved with the railroad. Blacks in surrounding towns. He always kept in touch with other blacks. 3 - 4 He didn't care for the Chicago Defender. 4 - 7 Contacts with other ethnic groups--they always got along with the Mexicans and the Indians. Black soldiers. 7 - 10 His experiences and feelings about living in Great Falls. He loves the mountains and the climate. Hunting and fishing.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Black Oral History Interviews, 1972-1974, Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of online collection: Black Oral History Interviews Collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Oral history--United States","Family--History--Tennessee--Memphis","African Americans--Montana--Great Falls","Great Falls (Mont.)--History--20th century","Great Falls (Mont.)--Social conditions--20th century","African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","Community life--Montana--Great Falls","Cowgirls--Montana--Great Falls","Cowboys--Montana--Great Falls","Janitors--Montana--Great Falls","Cleaning personnel--Montana--Great Falls","Barbers--Montana--Great Falls","Barbershops--Montana--Great Falls","Barbering--Montana--Great Falls","African American barbers--Montana--Great Falls","African Americans--Religion","African American churches--Montana--Great Falls","Churches--Montana--Great Falls","African Methodist Episcopal Church. Montana Conference","Clubs--Montana--Great Falls","Societies--Montana--Great Falls","African Americans--Societies, etc.","African American neighborhoods--Montana--Great Falls","Ethnic neighborhoods--Montana--Great Falls","Neighborhood--Montana--Great Falls","African Americans--Recreation","Recreation--Montana--Great Falls","African American business enterprises--Montana--Great Falls","Business enterprises--Montana--Great Falls","African American businesspeople--Montana--Great Falls","Businesspeople--Montana--Great Falls","Discrimination against African Americans","Discrimination in education--Montana--Great Falls","Education--Montana--Great Falls","Public schools--Montana--Great Falls","Schools--Montana--Great Falls","Teaching--Montana--Great Falls","African Americans--Education--Montana--Great Falls","Prejudices--Montana--Great Falls","Communication in the family--Montana","Chicago defender","African American newspapers","Newspapers","African Americans--Relations with Indians","African Americans--Relations with Hispanic Americans","Race relations","Great Falls (Mont.)--Race relations","Civil rights--Montana--Great Falls","African Americans--Civil rights--Montana--Great Falls","African American soldiers--Montana","African American soldiers","Soldiers--Montana","Soldiers--United States","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans","United States. Army--African American troops","Communication in the family--Tennessee","Sports--Montana--Great Falls","African Americans--Sports","African American athletes--Montana--Great Falls","Athletes--Montana--Great Falls","Entertainment events--Montana--Great Falls","Tailors--Montana--Great Falls","Tailoring--Montana--Great Falls","Clothing and dress--Montana--Great Falls","African Americans--Clothing","Men's clothing--Montana--Great Falls","Stores, Retail--Montana--Great Falls","License system--Montana","Liquor laws--Montana","Alcohol--Law and legislation--Montana","Montana. Liquor Control Board","Montana. Liquor Control Board--Officials and employees","Employees--Montana","Montana--Officials and employees","Job vacancies--Montana--Great Falls","African American politicians--Montana--Great Falls","Politicians--Montana--Great Falls","African American political activists--Montana--Great Falls","Political activists--Montana--Great Falls","Great Falls (Mont.)--Officials and employees","Public employees","Government employees","African Americans--Employment--Montana--Great Falls","Democratic Party (Mont.)","Political parties--Montana","Political participation--Montana","African Americans--Politics and government","Mountains--Montana","Mountains--Montana--Great Falls","Climate","Great Falls (Mont.)--Climate","Montana--Climate","Weather"],"dcterms_title":["William Knott, April 2, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Washington State University. Library. Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://content.libraries.wsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/5985/id/57"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["For permission to publish, please contact Washington State University Libraries, Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections (509) 335 - 6691."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":null,"dcterms_extent":["audio/x-pn-realaudio"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Knott, William, 1896-","Jacobs, Alva"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0100","title":"Oral history interview with Hodding Carter, April 1, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Bass, Jack","De Vries, Walter","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036"],"dcterms_creator":["Carter, Hodding"],"dc_date":["1974-04-01"],"dcterms_description":["Noted journalist Hodding Carter describes the change in Mississippi politics from the virulent racism of the 1960s to the relative moderation of the 1970s. Carter discusses a lot of the minutiae of Mississippi politics that might be confusing to researchers not intimately familiar with the state's political history, but offers many insightful reflections on the power of race in a state that emerged hobbled from the 1960s.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Mississippi--Politics and government","Mississippi--Race relations","Republican Party (Miss.)","African American politicians--Mississippi","Press and politics--Mississippi","African Americans--Violence against--Mississippi","Racism--Political aspects--Mississippi","Civil rights--Mississippi","School integration--Mississippi"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Hodding Carter, April 1, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0100/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 01:36:09"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Carter, Hodding"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"wsu_wsuboh_raymondjohnson","title":"Raymond Johnson, March 3, 1974","collection_id":"wsu_wsuboh","collection_title":"Black Oral History Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Montana, Missoula County, 47.03649, -113.92371","United States, Montana, Missoula County, Missoula, 46.87215, -113.994"],"dcterms_creator":["Johnson, Raymond, 1925-"],"dc_date":["1974-03-03"],"dcterms_description":["Oral history interview with Raymond Johnson of Missoula, Montana.","TAPE 1, SIDE A: 0 - 3 His parents were from Minneapolis. He was born here. How his parents met and married. Family background. 3 - 5 Black Methodist church in Missoula. Black population. Jobs blacks worked in. Almost all owned their own property. Black businesses. 5 - 9 Jimmy Dorsey, a successful black lawyer from Missoula. Maintains contacts with relatives. Other black families. Black athletes. Famous blacks that came through the area. 9 - 10 Most blacks were Democrats. Talks about his stint in the service during World War II. 10 - 13 The black population has really decreased in Missoula. Job opportunities better elsewhere. Blacks in neighboring towns. Black newspapers and magazines. 13 - 14 Blacks had a lot of contact with other minority groups, especially Indians. 14 - 17","His feelings about his life and experiences in Missoula. More about when blacks started moving out of Missoula. 17 - 21 Talks about some of the early Negro cowboys. Development of civil rights legislation.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Black Oral History Interviews, 1972-1974, Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of online collection: Black Oral History Interviews Collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Oral history--United States","Family--History--Minnesota","African Americans--Montana--Missoula","African Americans--Employment--Montana--Missoula","Occupations--Montana--Missoula","Job vacancies--Montana--Missoula","African American churches--Montana--Missoula","Churches--Montana--Missoula","African Americans--Religion","Methodists--Montana--Missoula","African American Methodists--Montana--Missoula","Population","Missoula (Mont.)--Population","African Americans--Population","Land tenure--Montana--Missoula","African Americans--Land tenure--Montana--Missoula","Landowners--Montana--Missoula","Real property--Montana--Missoula","African American business enterprises--Montana--Missoula","Business enterprises--Montana--Missoula","African American businesspeople--Montana--Missoula","Businesspeople--Montana--Missoula","African American lawyers--Montana--Missoula","Lawyers--Montana--Missoula","African American athletes--Montana--Missoula","Athletes--Montana--Missoula","Democratic Party (Mont.)","Political parties--Montana","Politics, Practical--Montana","African Americans--Politics and government","Montana--Politics and government--20th century","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--African Americans","African American soldiers","Soldiers--United States","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans","African American periodicals","Periodicals","African American newspapers","Newspapers","Ethnic relations","Missoula (Mont.)--Ethnic relations","African Americans--Relations with Indians","Race relations","Missoula (Mont.)--Race relations","African American cowboys","African American cowboys--Montana","Cowboys--United States","Cowboys--Montana","Rodeo performers--United States","Rodeo performers--Montana","African American rodeo performers","African American rodeo performers--Montana","African Americans--Civil rights--Montana","African Americans--Civil rights","Civil rights--Montana","Civil rights--United States","Constitutional law--United States","Janitors--Montana--Missoula","African American domestics--Montana--Missoula","Domestics--Montana--Missoula"],"dcterms_title":["Raymond Johnson, March 3, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Washington State University. 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Prior to his career in politics, Young grew up in New Orleans, was educated at Howard University, and then attended Hartford Seminary in the mid-1950s. Young returned to the South after seminary and became involved in the early civil rights movement in Georgia, where he worked as a minister for several years. In this interview, Young discusses the nature of racial discrimination in the South and describes his involvement in voter registration drives. Throughout the interview, he draws comparisons between race relations within southern states and those between the North and South. According to Young, it was access to political power that ultimately altered the tides of racial prejudice in the South. He cites the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 as a decisive turning point in race relations. 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First elected in 1972, Young was later appointed as ambassador to the United Nations by Jimmy Carter. Prior to his career in politics, Young grew up in New Orleans, was educated at Howard University, and then attended Hartford Seminary in the mid-1950s. Young returned to the South after seminary and became involved in the early civil rights movement in Georgia, where he worked as a minister for several years. In this interview, Young discusses the nature of racial discrimination in the South and describes his involvement in voter registration drives. Throughout the interview, he draws comparisons between race relations within southern states and those between the North and South. According to Young, it was access to political power that ultimately altered the tides of racial prejudice in the South. He cites the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 as a decisive turning point in race relations. 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Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Young, Andrew, 1932-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_b-0009-2","title":"Oral history interview with Arthur Raper, January 30, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Raper, Arthur Franklin, 1899-1979"],"dc_date":["1974-01-30"],"dcterms_description":["Arthur Raper was a noted southern sociologist and civil rights activist. During the late 1920s and 1930s, Raper served as the research director for the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, based in Atlanta, Georgia. Focusing primarily on those years in this interview, Raper speaks at length about his interactions with Jessie Daniel Ames and the role of the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching (ASWPL) within the Commission's broader program. Describing the ASWPL as a relatively small, independent branch of the Commission, Raper argues that Ames was both an effective and contentious leader. He describes her as an \"excessive feminist\" in this interview, explaining that she advocated for the importance and necessity of separate women's groups in dealing with social problems such as lynching. While Raper indicates that this stance was beneficial in allowing Ames to garner support for her declaration that white southerners ought not to use racist violence to \"protect\" white southern womanhood, he also suggests repeatedly that Ames's outspoken nature and ambition generated tensions between her and the male leaders of the Commission, including executive director Will Alexander and director of education Robert Eleazer. Raper cites only one instance in which he personally came into conflict with Ames, arguing that she sought to sabotage his testimony during the Senate hearings on the Wagner-Van Nuys federal anti-lynching bill because the bill did not reflect her views on how to best combat lynching. Raper concludes by discussing the contributing role of the ASWPL in the declining number of lynchings during the 1930s, and the exclusion of African American women from the organization. Researchers might find particularly interesting the ways in which Raper's assessment of both the negative and positive aspects of Jessie Daniel Ames reveal the underlying tensions and assumptions that characterized the challenges all women faced in public roles during that era.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching","Commission on Interracial Cooperation","Lynching--Southern States","Southern States--Race relations","Women civil rights workers--Southern States","Civil rights workers--Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Arthur Raper, January 30, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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