{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0001","title":"Oral history interview with Richard Arrington, July 18, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Bass, Jack","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Arrington, Richard"],"dc_date":["1974-07-18"],"dcterms_description":["Richard Arrington, who three years after this interview would become the first African American mayor of Birmingham, Alabama, discusses race and politics in the American South and his nascent political career, which began with a seat on the Birmingham City Council. He describes a city where white elites are very concerned with controlling the kinds of African Americans who enter politics, but where young black politicians are managing to get a foothold in city politics. He hopes that the black presence will continue to increase in Alabama and that African American politicians can set aside their differences.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American politicians--Alabama","Alabama--Politics and government","Democratic Party (Ala.)","African American politicians--Alabama--Birmingham.","Alabama--Politics and government--1951-","Alabama--Race relations--Political aspects.","Birmingham (Ala.)--Politics and government"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Richard Arrington, July 18, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0001/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 00:47:23"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998","Arrington, Richard"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0021","title":"Oral history interview with Arthur Shores, July 17, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Bass, Jack","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Shores, Arthur D. (Arthur Davis), 1904-1996"],"dc_date":["1974-07-17"],"dcterms_description":["Birmingham politician Arthur Shores offers his thoughts on the intersection of race and politics in his home city. Shores sees significant progress in Birmingham since the violence of the 1960s, in part because of that violence, and sees Birmingham citizens increasingly voting based on their interests rather than their race. He also shares his opinion of George Wallace, whom he sees as a political opportunist.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American politicians--Alabama","Alabama--Politics and government","Democratic Party (Ala.)","African Americans--Political activity","Alabama--Race relations","Civil rights--Alabama","African Americans--Alabama--Birmingham--Political activity","Birmingham (Ala.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Arthur Shores, July 17, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0021/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 00:57:07"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Shores, Arthur D. (Arthur Davis), 1904-1996"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0006","title":"Oral history interview with U. W. Clemon, July 17, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Bass, Jack","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Clemon, U. W., 1943-"],"dc_date":["1974-07-17"],"dcterms_description":["Birmingham lawyer and politician U. W. Clemon describes his place in Birmingham politics and the city's continuing problems with race. Clemon discusses his membership on the Birmingham city council, the prospect of George Wallace joining the 1976 presidential slate, and his hopes for the influence of an increased number of African Americans in the state senate.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American politicians--Alabama","Alabama--Politics and government","Democratic Party (Ala.)","Alabama--Race relations","African American lawyers--Alabama","Birmingham (Ala.)--Politics and government","Birmingham (Ala.)--Race relations","Alabama--Politics and government--1951-","School integration--Alabama--Birmingham"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with U. W. Clemon, July 17, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0006/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 01:00:31"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Clemon, U. W., 1943-","Shores, Arthur D. (Arthur Davis), 1904-1996","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_g-0038","title":"Oral history interview with Emily S. MacLachlan, July 16, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd","Brinton, Hugh P. (Hugh Penn), 1901-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, Alachua County, 29.67476, -82.3577","United States, Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville, 29.65163, -82.32483","United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["MacLachlan, Emily S. (Emily Stevens), 1908-"],"dc_date":["1974-07-16"],"dcterms_description":["Emily MacLachlan grew up in Jackson, Mississippi, during the 1910s and 1920s. She begins the interview by briefly discussing her family history, and then turns her focus to her mother. The daughter of a Methodist minister and school teacher, MacLachlan's mother grew up in a household that espoused a liberal social gospel and relatively progressive views on race and social justice. While MacLachlan was a child, her mother focused primarily on raising her children and running her household (with the help at times of a handful of African American servants); however, in the 1930s she began to work more outside of the home as a social activist, primarily with Jessie Daniel Ames and the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching. MacLachlan explains how her mother (and other like-minded people of that generation) had a paternalistic approach towards solving problems of racial inequality and that the primary focus was on addressing racial violence and health problems rather than systemic problems. While MacLachlan's mother was advocating for an end to lynching in the South during the 1930s, MacLachlan had relocated to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she earned a master's degree in sociology. MacLachlan's future husband also studied sociology at UNC, and she describes their work and life in Chapel Hill. MacLachlan explains her decision to stop work on her master's degree and to focus on raising her family instead of pursuing a career. She links this challenge to her upbringing and to social expectations of women. Later in life, however, MacLachlan did return to finish her graduate studies in sociology and to pursue a career following the unexpected death of her husband in the late 1950s. MacLachlan describes how she and her husband were drawn to radical politics and issues of social justice during the 1930s, their work with the U.S. Resettlement Administration and the Julius Rosenwald Fund in Georgia, and her brother's legal work for the civil rights movement in the 1960s. She concludes the interview with an addendum to the transcript that reiterates how women such as she and her mother faced unique hardships in balancing work, family, and social activism.","Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 14, 2008).","Interview participants: Emily S. MacLachlan, interviewee; Jacquelyn Hall, interviewer; Hugh Brinton, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--Mississippi","University of Florida. Dept. of Sociology","Women social reformers--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Women sociologists--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Social movements--Southern States","University of North Carolina (1793-1962)","Unemployed--Relocation--Georgia","Women social reformers--Mississippi","Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching","Women--Employment","Work and family"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Emily S. MacLachlan, July 16, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/G-0038/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 192 kilobytes, 173 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 173 MB, 01:34:59"],"dlg_subject_personal":["MacLachlan, Emily S. (Emily Stevens), 1908-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_g-0038","title":"Oral history interview with Emily S. MacLachlan, July 16, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd","Brinton, Hugh P. (Hugh Penn), 1901-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, Alachua County, 29.67476, -82.3577","United States, Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville, 29.65163, -82.32483","United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["MacLachlan, Emily S. (Emily Stevens), 1908-"],"dc_date":["1974-07-16"],"dcterms_description":["Emily MacLachlan grew up in Jackson, Mississippi, during the 1910s and 1920s. She begins the interview by briefly discussing her family history, and then turns her focus to her mother. The daughter of a Methodist minister and school teacher, MacLachlan's mother grew up in a household that espoused a liberal social gospel and relatively progressive views on race and social justice. While MacLachlan was a child, her mother focused primarily on raising her children and running her household (with the help at times of a handful of African American servants); however, in the 1930s she began to work more outside of the home as a social activist, primarily with Jessie Daniel Ames and the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching. MacLachlan explains how her mother (and other like-minded people of that generation) had a paternalistic approach towards solving problems of racial inequality and that the primary focus was on addressing racial violence and health problems rather than systemic problems. While MacLachlan's mother was advocating for an end to lynching in the South during the 1930s, MacLachlan had relocated to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she earned a master's degree in sociology. MacLachlan's future husband also studied sociology at UNC, and she describes their work and life in Chapel Hill. MacLachlan explains her decision to stop work on her master's degree and to focus on raising her family instead of pursuing a career. She links this challenge to her upbringing and to social expectations of women. Later in life, however, MacLachlan did return to finish her graduate studies in sociology and to pursue a career following the unexpected death of her husband in the late 1950s. MacLachlan describes how she and her husband were drawn to radical politics and issues of social justice during the 1930s, their work with the U.S. Resettlement Administration and the Julius Rosenwald Fund in Georgia, and her brother's legal work for the civil rights movement in the 1960s. She concludes the interview with an addendum to the transcript that reiterates how women such as she and her mother faced unique hardships in balancing work, family, and social activism.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--Mississippi","University of Florida. Dept. of Sociology","Women social reformers--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Women sociologists--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Social movements--Southern States","University of North Carolina (1793-1962)","Unemployed--Relocation--Georgia","Women social reformers--Mississippi","Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching","Women--Employment","Work and family"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Emily S. MacLachlan, July 16, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/G-0038/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 14, 2008).","Interview participants: Emily S. MacLachlan, interviewee; Jacquelyn Hall, interviewer; Hugh Brinton, interviewer.","Duration: 01:34:59.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["MacLachlan, Emily S. (Emily Stevens), 1908-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_e-0012-3","title":"Oral history interview with Jim Pierce, July 16, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Finger, William R.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Mecklenburg County, Charlotte, 35.22709, -80.84313"],"dcterms_creator":["Pierce, Jim, 1925-"],"dc_date":["1974-07-16"],"dcterms_description":["Jim Pierce grew up near Ponca City, Oklahoma, during the late 1920s and 1930s. Pierce begins by speaking briefly about his experiences growing up in Oklahoma, paying particular attention to his Cherokee heritage, his education, and his father's involvement in the AFL. Pierce describes how he attended \"anti-CIO\" meetings with his father during the 1930s, which piqued his interested in labor politics. During World War II, Pierce served in the Navy and developed a worldview that tilted his interest in the labor movement more towards the \"militant\" side he had been indoctrinated against as a child. Following the war, Pierce began to work for Western Electric, and by 1947, he had moved to Fort Worth, Texas. Along with his fellow workers, Pierce joined the small local union called the National Federation of Telephone Workers. Not associated with a national organizing force like the AFL or CIO, this small union was typical of organization for workers such as he during these years. Pierce participated in a six-week-long strike with his union in 1947. The workers were victorious and shortly thereafter they joined the CIO. Around that time, Pierce became a leader in the local union as a strategy to keep his company from transferring him away from his ill wife and their infant child. From there, Pierce joined the staff of the CIO and worked in Texas, organizing local unions for the CIO until 1954, when the merger with AFL occurred. Pierce's growing interest in the civil rights movement and his continuing adherence to the more radical principles of labor politics prompted him to go to work for the International Union of Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers (IUE) at that point. Pierce remained in Texas for several years, organizing locals for the IUE, before taking a more regional approach. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Pierce spent much time organizing workers in Florida for IUE and relocated to Charlotte, North Carolina. During the 1960s, Pierce continued to work with IUE, but through the jurisdiction of the AFL-CIO's Industrial Union Department (IUD). From 1963 to 1968, Pierce was the regional director of the IUD's effort to organize textile workers in the Southeast. In particular, he focuses on the brief effort of the IUD to organize migrant workers in Florida. Pierce had become increasingly interested in the problems of migrant workers during his career in the labor movement, and the decision of the IUD to halt its effort at organizing this group was a major factor in his decision to leave the IUD in 1968. Pierce concludes the interview by discussing his disillusionment (and simultaneous belief) in the labor movement, his thoughts on the future of labor activism and organization, and his work with the National Sharecroppers Fund during the late 1960s and the early 1970s.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Trade-unions--Southern States","Labor unions--Southern States--Officials and employees","Labor unions--Organizing--Southern States","International Union of Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers","AFL-CIO. Industrial Union Department","Migrant agricultural laborers--Labor unions--Organizing"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Jim Pierce, July 16, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/E-0012-3/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on November 19, 2008).","Interview participants: Jim Pierce, interviewee; William Finger, interviewer.","Duration: 02:04:47.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Pierce, Jim, 1925"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0010","title":"Oral history interview with Howell Heflin, July 9, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Bass, Jack","De Vries, Walter","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, 32.75041, -86.75026"],"dcterms_creator":["Heflin, Howell"],"dc_date":["1974-07-09"],"dcterms_description":["Howell Heflin, who sat on the Alabama State Supreme Court in the 1970s before a two-decade tenure in the Unites States Senate, discusses the post-segregation Alabama judiciary. The story is a familiar one: the persistent influence of race in a slowly changing environment. In the first half of the interview, Heflin describes some recent judicial reforms and his discomfort with the fact that judges must campaign for their seats. He worries that judges might be tempted to rule in favor of contributors. In the second half, Heflin turns to racial politics and comments on George Wallace and Barry Goldwater, as well as observing the arrival of a new generation of so-called activist judges taking the bench across the country.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Alabama--Politics and government","Alabama--Race relations","Courts--Alabama","Alabama. Supreme Court","Racism--Political aspects--Alabama","Political questions and judicial power--Southern States","Judges--Alabama","Judges--Alabama--Elections"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Howell Heflin, July 9, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0010/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on May 24, 2007).","Interview participants: Howell Heflin, interviewee; Jack Bass, interviewer; Walter DeVries, interviewer.","Duration: 01:11:49.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Heflin, Howell","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_g-0029-4","title":"Oral history interview with Guion Griffis Johnson, July 1, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Frederickson, Mary","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Johnson, Guion Griffis, 1900-1989"],"dc_date":["1974-07-01"],"dcterms_description":["Guion Griffis Johnson was a sociologist actively involved in race, poverty, and gender issues. In this interview, the final part of a four-part series, she discusses her work with the Georgia Conference on Social Welfare during the mid-1940s and her involvement in the civil rights movement and the women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Johnson went to work as the executive secretary of the Georgia Conference on Social Welfare in Atlanta in 1944 when her husband, Guy B. Johnson, became the first director of the Southern Regional Council. She describes the condition of the Georgia Conference when she assumed control over it, noting the divisions on its board over public welfare versus private welfare. Johnson helped to get the Georgia Conference back on its feet by raising funds and promoting awareness of poverty-related social issues throughout Georgia. She discusses in detail her effort to establish a juvenile court in Albany, the interracial dynamics of the Georgia Conference, and the impact of the Eugene Talmadge political machine on the Conference's efforts. In addition, Johnson explains her thoughts on the merits of gradual change for race relations (advocated by her husband and the Southern Regional Council) and more direct action, which she pursued in establishing a child care center for African Americans in Chapel Hill. During the 1960s, Johnson was active in various women's organizations and was a forerunner in the work of the North Carolina Commission on the Status of Women. She describes her thoughts on the Equal Rights Amendment, her political connections and activities, and her thoughts on the student sit-in movement. Johnson concludes the interview by asserting her belief that it was time for black leadership to take a more dominant role in the civil rights movement by the 1960s.","Title from menu page (viewed on July 21, 2008).","Interview participants: Guion Griffis Johnson, interviewee; Mary Frederickson, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern States--Race relations","Women's rights","School integration","Women social reformers--Southern States","Women social reformers--Southern States--Attitudes","Human services--Southern States","Georgia Conference on Social Welfare (Organization)","Georgia--Social conditions","Social problems--Southern States","Southern States--Race relations--Political aspects","Civil rights movements--Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Guion Griffis Johnson, July 1, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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