{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_218","title":"Interview with Reverend Fred C. Jones","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Jones, Fred C.","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-26"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, the Reverend Fred C. Jones discusses his lifelong work in the mines, describing working conditions and the need for a union. Jones says he began working in the coal mines at the age of 14. He talks about the low wages the workers earned, especially as compared with how much the company would sell the coal for. He also recalls how if the mines filled up with water, the workers would have to spend a whole shift, sometimes more, bailing the water out by hand, earning no money for their trouble. He also recalls seeing or hearing about several men dying in the mines. Jones recounts the coming of the unions to Alabama. He says they needed them. At first, they had to meet in secret, and he knew of union men who were killed in the process. He explains that the unions were segregated but eventually unified in the interest of furthering their goals.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Jones, Fred C.--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Reverend Fred C. Jones"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/218"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_236","title":"Interview with Willie Johnson","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Johnson, Willie","McCallum, Brenda"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-26"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Willie Johnson talks about life during the Depression, the Ku Klux Klan, his dealings with labor unions, and describes at length the conditions of the mines in which he worked. Johnson describes how his father, like many farmers, moved to the city to work. He and his father were both employed by TCI. Johnson never made it past the fifth grade because he needed to help the family make money, especially during the Depression. He explains that he admired the ideals of the labor unions, and as the United Steelworkers weren't present in Alabama yet, he went to work in the coal mines and joined the UMWA (United Mine Workers of America). Johnson discusses how the unions caused some problems. They divided the workers and were sometimes difficult to deal with. He describes how he began to see that the Walker Country UMWA would strike at times convenient for the workers to go home and do their planting. Johnson also discusses the conditions of the mines. He says they were dangerous and people often died in them. He describes the physical layout of the mines and talks about dealing with rats, keeping them out of their lunches. He talks about children working in the mines, often to help their parents, but they would have to sign a waiver keeping the mine from being responsible for them. Prisoners also worked in the mines for little money, and many of them saved that money so that they could buy property. Johnson describes the Ku Klux Klan's habit of running around scaring people but says he never heard of any violence in his area. He says he talked to one white man who claimed that the Klan wasn't organized around the purpose it came to have in that day. He says the man said it originated for the race, and that blacks should have their own Klan.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Johnson, Willie--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Willie Johnson"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/236"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_275","title":"Interview with Leola Harris","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Harris, Leola","McCallum, Brenda"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-25"],"dcterms_description":["Leola Harris was born in 1919 in the Muscoda mining camp. She recalls growing up in the mining camp and describes the houses people lived in and the physical layout of the camp. She describes daily life in the camp and her early education in the company schools. Harris also recounts her later years as a school teacher in Birmingham. Harris recalls growing up during The Depression. She said her family received food (cheese, butter, flour, etc.) from the government. Of daily life in the camp, Harris recalls attending church in the mining camp, explaining that the women of the camp convinced the company to build the church. Different denominations would meet on alternating Sundays. She explains that the children of the camp received free medical and dental care from the company doctors and dentists. She also talks about blues and boogie-woogie music being played in the camp, by the miners. Harris explains that the children who grew up in mining towns were known as \"round the mountain gang.\" There was a certain stigma associated with being raised in the camp; many thought the children would never amount to anything as adults. In her discussion of unions in the camp, she said her father was not a union man and was considered a \"scab.\" Her father eventually died of emphysema (or silicosis).; Note: The first [00:08:30:00] of the second audio file is not transcribed.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Harris, Leola--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Leola Harris"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/275"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_252","title":"Interview with Thelma Emmons","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Emmons, Thelma","McCallum, Brenda"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-25"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Thelma Emmons talks about her mother, Suberta Coleman, a member of the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. Coleman was one of the first Alabamians to graduate from Fisk University, the first full-time African-American supervisor in a mining village and the first black Alabamian to study with Jane Addams in the Hull House in Chicago. Coleman was also a school teacher and principal for the Muscoda Camp schools. She describes her mother's work and the changes she made in the mining camp, such as teaching parents about nutrition and establishing a canning club. Emmons also served as a social worker in the camp; for her training, she was sent to Chicago to work with Jane Addams. Emmons also describes the company schools. She explains that these were excellent schools; money was taken out of each employee's check to support the school. They were able to pay teachers well so they often got the best teachers. Emmons was educated in the Muscoda School and went on to teach there. She also discusses living through The Depression. She recalls sewing classes provided by the Red Cross, and her mother also taught a butler class for \"people who wanted to improve themselves.\" Emmons eventually went on to teach in the Bessemer area until 1970.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Emmons, Thelma--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Thelma Emmons"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/252"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_288","title":"Interview with Mack Gibson","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Gibson, Mack","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-22"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Mack Gibson recalls his years as a coal miner. He talks about mining methods, working conditions and the various dangers associated with mining. He recalls seeing many men killed in the mine and says that while it never made him want to quit, it did make him more careful. Gibson also recalls The Depression in the interview. He says that people would often grow a little corn or cotton to help get by. He had a garden and raised hogs for extra money and food. Gibson talks about the first union organizers that came around, explaining that the meetings could not be held on company property and would often be held in the woods. He recalls seeing men beaten by a company deputy for saying they were too sick to work on a particular day. He also discusses prison labor that was used in the mines.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Gibson, Mack--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Mack Gibson"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/288"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_210","title":"Interview with Cleatus and Louise Burns","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Burns, Cleatus","Burns, Louise","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-12"],"dcterms_description":["In this joint interview Cleatus and Louise Burns discuss working conditions and mining methods in the Alabama coal mines, beginning in the 1930s (e.g. mining with mules). Cleatus Burns describes early labor movement efforts and recounts the eventual unionization of the mines. He also describes living in a company camp and some of the earliest union meetings. Mr. Burns also describes trying to organize the De Bardelben mines as well as union organizers being shot at by company guards. He explains that people who lived in the rural areas around the mines would often help union members by giving them food from their farms. According to Mr. and Mrs. Burns, Bankhead was the first mine to strike, due to low pay. Louise Burns describes growing up in a mining camp in Mississippi. She explains that women canned food in the summer and quilted in the winter. She also describes rural life, her early education and farming. Cleatus Burns says he liked mining; he explains that the pay was good, and the mines were cool in the summer and warm in the winter. He does admit that mining was dangerous, describing explosions, working in 18 inches of space and laboring in knee-deep water. Mr. and Mrs. Burns also describe life during the Depression, explaining that they don't know what people would have done were it not for the WPA.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Burns, Cleatus--Interviews","Burns, Louise--Interviews","Work environment--Alabama","Coal miners--Alabama","Labor unions--Alabama","Mining camps--Mississippi","Canning and perserving","Quilting","United States--Civilization--1970-"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Cleatus and Louise Burns"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/210"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_134","title":"Interview with W.J. Ridgeway","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Ridgeway, W. J.","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-10"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, W. J. Ridgeway talks about his work in the coal mines. Ridgeway describes the processes of his job at length. He says he liked mine work because he had no boss standing over him watching him all the time. Ridgeway also tells the story of how he worked in the first mine in the state to have a labor union, in the 1920s. It was run by a man from Pennsylvania, who was used to unions. After the operator signed a contract with the union, the mine went out of business because the man couldn't stay competitive with his earnings. Ridgeway recalls how the state militia tried to break the union by bringing in farmers and other men to work, telling them they could make a lot of money. They were guarded and separated from the unionized workers at first, but sometimes the unionized workers would find a way to win them over anyway. He also adds that the union was integrated--perhaps the only thing in the state that was. Ridgeway remembers prisoners working at mines. His grandfather was in prison and ended up at Flat Top mine. He says his grandmother worried a lot about him. She ran a boarding house for white miners. He says his wife also worried a lot about his work in the mines.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Ridgeway, W. J.--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with W.J. Ridgeway"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/134"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_257","title":"Interview with Morris Benson","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Benson, Morris","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-08"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Morris Benson discusses his involvement in the union and his working life at the Ensley Steel Plant (TCI). He details his involvement in organizing labor, beginning in 1936. He was a deacon of a church and was asked to find out how other black workers felt about organizing. Benson says he tried to get everyone to join. He recounts early strikes in the 1940s and recalls early segregated union meetings. Benson details how the union helped him get a raise and a promotion. He also talks about company spies. Regarding his early life, Benson says he got a sixth grade education, explaining that \"colored folks\" in the country could not go further in school. Benson describes FDR as the \"greatest president we ever had\" and goes on to say that he \"brought us out of that hole that Hoover put us in.\" Benson also discusses his involvement in the church and the role of the church in the black community. He discusses revivals and offers up differences between city and country churches.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Benson, Morris--Interviews","Labor unions--Alabama--Ensley","Ensley Steel Plant (Alabama)","Steel industry and trade--Alabama--Ensley","Segregation--Alabama--Ensley","Education--Alabama","Alabama--Religion","United States--Civilization--1970-"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Morris Benson"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/257"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_96","title":"Interview with Anderson Underwood","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Underwood, Anderson","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-05-23"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Anderson Underwood discusses his work in the ore mines. Anderson says he worked 31 years in the mines, 19 of those as a driller. He describes the work as dangerous, although he says the company had numerous safety protocols for them to follow. He remembers seeing accidents and being in a close call himself. He describes the process of drilling. He also recounts doing track work, which he liked because working with the other men was fun. They sang songs to keep themselves in rhythm and occupy their time. Anderson says that in the twenties there were few whites in the mines except the bosses, although more whites came in as the process grew increasingly mechanized. He recalls hearing about convicts mining, but he also says he remembers that convicts works on farms sometimes. He says the farming work would have been easier. Anderson also recounts the organizing of the labor union in the mine. He says there were no secret meetings, as was common, but there was a lot of violence. Blacks and whites were together in the Mill Mine union. Eventually, that union was taken over by the United Steelworkers of America. Anderson also describes the closing of the mines in the fifties and the problem of long-time ore miners developing silicosis. Anderson's family was in sharecropping before they came to Bessemer to mine. He compares farm work to mine work. He says, \"Farming the best life in the world if you got something to farm with.\" He didn't find enough money in it, however, which is why he became a miner.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Underwood, Anderson--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Anderson Underwood"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/96"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"hbcula_becu_283","title":"Bethune-Cookman College Baccalaureate Services, April 22, 1984","collection_id":"hbcula_becu","collection_title":"Bethune-Cookman University Digital Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, Volusia County, Panama Beach, 28.86832, -81.22778"],"dcterms_creator":["Bethune-Cookman University"],"dc_date":["1984-04-22"],"dcterms_description":["This audio recording features Bethune-Cookman College Baccalaureate Services. This audio opens with an introduction by President Bronson of the commencement speaker, Dr. Robert Eric Hayes, Sr., President of Wiley College in Marshall, Texas. At 00:05:37, Dr. Hayes begins his commencement address, in which he acknowledges his friendship with President Bronson and experiences with Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune. In his address, Dr. Hayes encourages students to not be distracted by the chirping of grasshoppers and to stay focused on God's mission. At 00:35:00, Congressman, founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus, and Pastor of New Bethel Baptist Church in Washington, D.C., Walter E. Fauntroy delivers a commencement address, in which he talks about Black America and the People's Platform. Fauntroy emphasis Black how graduates can and should intellectually and economically contribute to America."],"dc_format":["audio/mp3"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American universities and colleges","African American students","College presidents","Universities and colleges--Employees","Commencement ceremonies","Speeches","Political participation","African Americans--Economic conditions"],"dcterms_title":["Bethune-Cookman College Baccalaureate Services, April 22, 1984"],"dcterms_type":["Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) Library Alliance"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://hbcudigitallibrary.auctr.edu/digital/collection/becu/id/283"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. 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