{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_43","title":"Interview with Valerie Lockett and Evelyn Howard","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Lockett, Valerie","Howard, Evelyn","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-09-01"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Valerie Lockett, with help from her sister Evelyn Howard, recalls various aspects of black society from the days of segregation. Lockett remembers the social clubs for black women in the thirties and forties. She says they focused on everything from preparing girls for debutante balls to civics to playing Bridge. Lockett also talks about the music scene in Birmingham, how many famous jazz musicians had been in Birmingham, and in Fess Whatley's band, such as Count Basie, Duke Ellington, and Louis Armstrong. She also describes how different groups hung out on the four corners of the intersection of Fourth Avenue and Seventeenth Street. Lockett and Howard talk about living in a segregated society. Lockett says it didn't bother her to have to walk back to the black side of town to eat when she was out shopping in a white area. While that seemed normal, not being allowed to use the restrooms or drinking fountains frustrated her. Howard remembers getting off a bus once because she refused to give up her seat to a white man. She says it made her so angry she cried. Lockett recalls being harassed and followed by a white man, but she didn't report it because she didn't think that would do any good. Lockett and Howard describe time with their family. Their entertainment was reciting poetry, playing the piano and singing, and playing bridge and outdoor games like croquet. Howard also recalls going to church with her grandmother and talks about the importance of gospel music. Lockett talks about teaching high school from 1945-1952 at Parker, the only black high school in Birmingham. While she found the school's focus on industrial education good, she also remembers how the principal was of mixed race, so she feels like the light-skinned students has an advantage. She remembers that the drama teacher didn't like to put darker blacks on stage; in one instance, a light-skinned girl who couldn't sing was cast in a play, and a darker-skinned girl sang her part off stage while she mouthed the words. Lockett also talks about working with musicians Fess Whatley and Malachi Wilkerson through the school.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Lockett, Valerie--Interviews","Howard, Evelyn --Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Valerie Lockett and Evelyn Howard"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/43"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_75","title":"Interview with Ada Tolbert","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Tolbert, Ada","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-29"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Ada Tolbert recalls attending Industrial High School, later called Parker. She explains that they were taught a good balance of regular academic subjects and practical skills. They took such classes as cooking and sewing (for the girls) and carpentry and printing (for the boys). She also remembers being taught by later famous musicians Fess Whatley and Malachi Wilkerson. Tolbert herself eventually became a teacher. She taught at the Slate School and also at several company schools. She says the company schools were much better than the ones in the county.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Tolbert, Ada--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Ada Tolbert"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/75"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_128","title":"Interview with Howard McAdory","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["McAdory, Howard","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-24"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Howard McAdory recounts his life as a coal miner, his involvement in the UMWA (United Mine Workers of America) and the multiple dangers associated with mining. He also defines the mining terms \"sounding the top\" and \"dead work.\" McAdory recalls an explosion in one of the mines that burned his father and resulted in scars around his neck, face and arms. He decided that if his Daddy would go back in the mines, he would work in the mines. He first went into the mines at 16, with his father, who showed him how to lay tracks. McAdory worked for the WPA and thought FDR did very well. He said the Depression was pretty rough but didn't bother him too much because he had a job and little jobs on the side. He didn't have a family at the time, so it didn't go too hard on him. Throughout his career as a miner, McAdory worked in coal mines, ore mines and drove mules in the mines. He eventually acquired black lung and was given a pension.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["McAdory, Howard--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Howard McAdory"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/128"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_265","title":"Interview with Ella Pegues","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Pegues, Ella","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-22"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Ella Pegues recalls life during segregation as she recounts her active role in the events of the Civil Rights movement. Pegues remembers the difficulty of dealing with segregation. She says she was active in boycotts of and sit-ins at establishments that would not serve blacks. She recalls being in jail a couple of times for this passive resistance, and she remembers Martin Luther King, Jr., visiting them to instruct them on how to behave. She also recounts stories of problems on public transportation. Pegues says that older folks didn't think the marches and other efforts to push civil rights would accomplish anything. She says they seemed even more excited about the successes because \"they didn't know it could be done.\" Pegues remembers the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. Afterwards, she said she felt \"empty\": \"I didn't exactly feel angry because we had been conditioned... not to be angry with anything that happened.\" But she questions why it had to happen, especially to innocent children. Pegues describes segregation as \"stupid.\" She says that it didn't make any sense that she could work with whites and be a wet nurse to white babies, but could not eat with whites. Another example she gives is of an old boss: \"Lord have mercy! I cook her food. I couldn't come in the front door. Wasn't that stupid?\" She also describes segregation as wasteful because the building of separate facilities was expensive. Pegues discusses the hypocrisy of whites. She says she hates it when whites say they like black people but do so in a condescending way, heard in \"the way they would say it, and the terms they would use.\" She says this is still a problem, and it will take generations to correct. Pegues also discusses Fred Shuttlesworth and her experiences with Martin Luther King, Jr. She recalls Gov. George Wallace's Stand in the Schoolhouse Door. She also tells the story of a friend of hers who was a nurse to Bull Connor. The woman tormented him subtly for a time, but Pegues convinced her to stop. Pegues says she believes his attitudes were a result of his raising.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Pegues, Ella--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Ella Pegues"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/265"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_wlohp_0000053","title":"Interview with Ella Pegues, 1984 August 22","collection_id":"alm_wlohp","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Pegues, Ella, 1903-"],"dc_date":["1984-08-22"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Ella Pegues recalls life during segregation as she recounts her active role in the events of the Civil Rights movement. Pegues remembers the difficulty of dealing with segregation. She says she was active in boycotts of and sit-ins at establishments that would not serve blacks. She recalls being in jail a couple of times for this passive resistance, and she remembers Martin Luther King, Jr., visiting them to instruct them on how to behave. She also recounts stories of problems on public transportation. Pegues says that older folks didn't think the marches and other efforts to push civil rights would accomplish anything. She says they seemed even more excited about the successes because \"they didn't know it could be done.\" Pegues remembers the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. Afterwards, she said she felt \"empty\": \"I didn't exactly feel angry because we had been conditioned . . . not to be angry with anything that happened.\" But she questions why it had to happen, especially to innocent children. Pegues describes segregation as \"stupid.\" She says that it didn't make any sense that she could work with whites and be a wet nurse to white babies, but could not eat with whites. Another example she gives is of an old boss: \"Lord have mercy! I cook her food. I couldn't come in the front door. Wasn't that stupid?\" She also describes segregation as wasteful because the building of separate facilities was expensive. Pegues discusses the hypocrisy of whites. She says she hates it when whites say they like black people but do so in a condescending way, heard in \"the way they would say it, and the terms they would use.\" She says this is still a problem, and it will take generations to correct. Pegues also discusses Fred Shuttlesworth and her experiences with Martin Luther King, Jr. She recalls Gov. George Wallace's Stand in the Schoolhouse Door. She also tells the story of a friend of hers who was a nurse to Bull Connor. The woman tormented him subtly for a time, but Pegues convinced her to stop. Pegues says she believes his attitudes were a result of his raising.","Interviewed by Peggy Hamrick on August 22, 1984."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Archive of American Minority Cultures"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of the online collection: Working Lives Oral History Project."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American women civil rights workers--Alabama--Birmingham","Civil rights movements--Alabama","Boycotts--Alabama--Birmingham","Civil rights demonstrations--Alabama--Birmingham","Sixteenth Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","Bombings--Alabama--Birmingham--History--20th century","African Americans--Civil rights--Alabama--Birmingham--History--20th century","African American churches--Alabama--Birmingham--History--20th century","Murder--Alabama--Birmingham--History--20th century","Birmingham (Ala.)--Race relations--20th century","Discrimination in public accommodations--Alabama--Birmingham"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Ella Pegues, 1984 August 22"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/265"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts","sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Pegues, Ella, 1903-","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Connor, Eugene, 1897-1973","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_104","title":"Interview with Ethel Reeves","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Reeves, Ethel","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-22"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Ethel Reeves briefly outlines the work she's done over the course of her life. Her father was a sharecropper, but once she married, she and her husband decided to quit farming. They moved to Birmingham, where she had a job in a doctor's office and then worked as a practical nurse, and LPN, until she retired in the late sixties. In addition, she worked for a time as a nurse for whites as a child.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Reeves, Ethel--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Ethel Reeves"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/104"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_38","title":"Interview with Essie Davis","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Davis, Essie","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-20","1984-08-21"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Essie P. Davis describes growing up in rural Georgia in the early 1900s and her eventual move to Birmingham, Alabama. Davis was born in Temple, Georgia and was raised by her grandparents. Her grandfather was a sharecropper; Davis and her grandmother also worked in the fields. She describes her early education in Georgia, explaining that the school met in a local church and would have class around the pulpit. The children cleaned the school and would also go into the woods to gather kindling for heat. Davis was only able to attend school a few months out of the year because she had to work in the fields. Davis also explains that her family did not have access to a doctor in the country. Herbal medicines were used if anyone got sick; she describes several remedies in the interview. She provides a detailed description of life during The Depression and explains that her family received aid from The Red Cross. She explains that the Red Cross had several different distribution centers where they supplied food such as flour, peas and rice. She adds that they would sometimes have beef but the beef was almost impossible to cook because the cows were also malnourished.; Note: Transcripts do not cover the entire recording. There is no transcript available for the fourth audio file.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Davis, Essie--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Essie Davis"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/38"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_142","title":"Interview with Mitchell Jerald","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Jerald, Mitchell","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-19","1984-08-23"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Mitchell Jerald talks about surviving the Depression and about his personal mission to gain advancement for himself and all blacks at the tire plant where he worked. Jerald recounts how his family weathered the Depression relatively well, because his job at the A\u0026P meant he had enough food to eat; there was sometimes even surplus to share with neighbors. In addition, they grew their own garden and he sold firewood. Jerald explains that even though he didn't have time to get Red Cross aid or work for the WPA, those were good programs. He says the WPA made people feel like they were helping provide for themselves. He describes how the WPA paid people in stamps that could be redeemed most anywhere for food. He says he feels like blacks dealt with the Depression better than whites because they could get help easier and were used to the poverty. Jerald describes his time as a preacher in country churches and discusses the differences between religious practices in the country and the city, as well as how they've changed over time. He says that country people seemed to be closer to God. Jerald recounts the story of how he helped pave the way for black workers to be promoted to better jobs at the tire plant where he worked. He complained to his boss about how black workers were training whites from outside the company in positions they were capable of filling. The boss asked him to quiet his complaints, but he also gave him the promotion in question, with the admonition that he couldn't go back down to his old job if he couldn't handle it. He excelled at the job and was promoted several more times, and each time a black worker was promoted to his old position. However, he wouldn't ultimately take a foreman position because he feared having white men working under him.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Jerald, Mitchell--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Mitchell Jerald"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/142"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_30","title":"Interview with Irma Reynolds","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Reynolds, Irma","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-18","1984-08-20"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Irma Reynolds recalls her strict upbringing in Birmingham, Alabama, during segregation, including her views on the educational system. Reynolds explains how her mother ensured that she and her siblings become well-behaved, educated people. She says, \"We got more rearing from principles and teaching than we did by the strap.\" She gives examples of her mother's teaching. She also describes how they didn't have nice things growing up because her mother was frugal with money. She felt it was better spent on an education than on nice clothes. Reynolds says this attitude also helped them get through the Depression. Reynolds says the family was never on relief because of the money her mother had saved up from what her father had left them. In fact, her mother employed a woman and her children to wash their clothes, and they also had enough money to buy their coal for the winter at the beginning of the season. Reynolds talks about what Birmingham was like during segregation. She explains that in general, she dealt with mistreatment from whites without cursing them: \"A fool can curse. If I have to tell you something, my terminology will be such that you will have to think.\" Reynolds also mentions her son, Washington, D.C., Civil Rights leader Julius W. Hobson. She reads a poem she wrote about him. Reynolds taught school for 45 years and was the Principal at Irondale Elementary. She compares black and white schools, saying whites had better lunchrooms and lunch service, as well as transportation. She discusses the disparity in pay due to education and how black teachers had to go up north for school. She recalls attending Industrial High (which became Parker High), and she remembers being taught by musicians Malachi Wilkerson and Fess Whatley. Reynolds also discusses her affiliation with the Zeta Phi Beta sorority and her opinions of the Birmingham World newspaper.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Reynolds, Irma--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Irma Reynolds"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/30"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_115","title":"Interview withThelma Walton","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Walton, Thelma","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-17"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Thelma Walton talks about life Alabama during segregation. 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