{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0063","title":"Oral history interview with Robert Giles, September 10, 1987","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Jenkins, James Lineberry, 1919-2003","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Giles, Robert E."],"dc_date":["1987-09-10"],"dcterms_description":["Robert Giles discusses the public and political reaction to the Supreme Court's Brown ruling, explaining the heavy pressure the Brown order placed on North Carolina politicians, who hoped to prevent alienating the white population. Giles asserts that state politicians adopted a moderate stance and moderate policies which yielded minimal racial desegregation. The Pupil Assignment Act of 1955 and the Pearsall Plan, he says, assuaged whites fears by keeping the public schools open and projecting the perception that the public controlled school assignments. He lauds the effectiveness of the gubernatorial leadership of William Umstead and Luther Hodges in the early to mid-1950s. Giles also touches on segregationist I. Beverly Lake, who attempted to stoke racial tensions and drum up support for his personal political ambitions.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Officials and employees","School integration--North Carolina","Education and state--North Carolina","North Carolina--Politics and government--1951-"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Robert Giles, September 10, 1987"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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Rankin left his job as a journalist in order to work as William Umstead's press assistant during the his gubernatorial campaign. Umstead was not elected in 1948, but when he chose to run again in 1952, Rankin eagerly joined him on the campaign trail and became Umstead's private secretary after his election that year. Rankin describes his perception of Umstead as a personal friend and as a political figure, his struggle with illness, and his death in 1954. Rankin focuses on Umstead's reaction to the Brown v. Board of Education decision, handed down just prior to his untimely demise. According to Rankin, Umstead took care to understand the meaning of the decision and its potential ramifications for the South before working to establish a citizens group headed by Tom Pearsall. Although Umstead believed that Brown was a mistake on the part of the Supreme Court, he was determined that North Carolina would abide by the Court's decree. Following Umstead's death, Rankin stayed on as private secretary to Umstead's successor, Luther Hodges. According to Rankin, although Hodges and Umstead had not had the most congenial personal relationship, Hodges was determined to maintain Umstead's approach to the issue of school desegregation. Rankin describes in detail the activities of the Pearsall group, the spectrum of responses to the Brown decision and the Pearsall Plan (1956), and efforts to challenge its implementation. He discusses the leadership roles of such individuals as Governor Hodges, Tom Pearsall, lawyer Paul Johnston, and state superintendent Charlie Carroll. Rankin's recollection of this tumultuous time in North Carolina history draws attention to the role of political leaders in mediating a potentially explosive political minefield.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["School integration--North Carolina","North Carolina--Politics and government","North Carolina--Biography","North Carolina--Officials and employees","Governors--North Carolina","Education and state--North Carolina","North Carolina--Politics and government--1951-","Political leadership"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Edward L. 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Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Rankin, Edward L., 1919-2006","Umstead, William Bradley, 1895-1954"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gsu_ggdp_5838","title":"Joe Frank Harris oral history interviews, 1987 June 6 and August 5","collection_id":"gsu_ggdp","collection_title":"Georgia Government Documentation Project","dcterms_contributor":["Cook, James F."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Harris, Joe Frank"],"dc_date":["1987-06-06","1978-08-05"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Georgia State University Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Government Documentation Project","https://archivesspace.library.gsu.edu/repositories/2/resources/1508"],"dcterms_subject":["Economic development--Political aspects","Environmental policy","African American judges","Political campaigns","Governors","Georgia. General Assembly. House of Representatives","Georgia. Governor","Georgia. General Assembly. Committee on Schools","Georgia. General Assembly","University of Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["Joe Frank Harris oral history interviews, 1987 June 6 and August 5"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Georgia State University. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ggdp/id/5838"],"dcterms_temporal":["1980/1989"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Harris, Joe Frank, Interviewed by James Cook, 6 June and 5 August 1987, P1988-04, Series A. Georgia Governors, Georgia Government Documentation Project, Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta."],"dlg_local_right":["This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["1 hour, 52 minutes, 56 seconds of audio spread over 2 sides of 1 tape, and a 54 page transcript."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Busbee, George, 1927-2004","Murphy, Thomas Bailey, 1924-2007","Harris, Joe Frank","Smith, George Leon, 1912-1973","Smith, George T. (George Thornewell), 1916-2010"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gsu_ggdp_5806","title":"John Greer oral history interview 1987 May 27","collection_id":"gsu_ggdp","collection_title":"Georgia Government Documentation Project","dcterms_contributor":["Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Greer, John, 1909-1994"],"dc_date":["1987-05-27"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Georgia State University Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Government Documentation Project","https://archivesspace.library.gsu.edu/repositories/2/resources/1508"],"dcterms_subject":["Legislators","Politicians","Political campaigns","Apportionment (Election law)","Voter registration--Corrupt practices","Georgia. General Assembly. 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In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["51 minutes, 17 seconds of audio spread over 2 sides of 1 tape, and a 36 page transcript."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Greer, John, 1909-1994","Talmadge, Eugene, 1884-1946","Rivers, Eurith Dickerson, 1895-1967","Harris, Roy Vincent, 1895-1985"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0035","title":"Oral history interview with William Dallas Herring, May 16, 1987","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Jenkins, James Lineberry, 1919-2003","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Herring, William Dallas"],"dc_date":["1987-05-16"],"dcterms_description":["William Dallas Herring, longtime chair of the North Carolina State Board of Education, discusses some of the issues he encountered during his tenure. He speaks in detail about education issues at the time of the interview, and offers his opinions on the state of democracy in the United States. Herring believes strongly in representative democracy, and worries that institutions across the country and in the state are falling prey to complacency, entrenched incumbency, and flawed processes. On a more granular level, Herring shares his opinion on proposed changes to the election of superintendent of education, evaluation of teacher performance, and curricula.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Race relations","Educators--North Carolina","North Carolina--Biography","North Carolina. State Board of Education--Officials and employees","Education and state--North Carolina","Educators--North Carolina--Attitudes","Education--Political aspects--North Carolina","Teachers--Certification--North Carolina","Accreditation (Education)--North Carolina","Race relations in school management--North Carolina","Education--Curricula--North Carolina","North Carolina--Politics and government--1951-"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with William Dallas Herring, May 16, 1987"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0035/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 30, 2008).","Interview participants: William Dallas Herring, interviewee; Jay Jenkins, interviewer.","Duration: 02:20:39.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Herring, William Dallas"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gsu_ggdp_5233","title":"Ray Moore oral history interview, 1987 May 8, 1987 June 18","collection_id":"gsu_ggdp","collection_title":"Georgia Government Documentation Project","dcterms_contributor":["Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Moore, Ray, 1922-"],"dc_date":["1987-05-08","1987-06-18"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Georgia State University Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Government Documentation Project","https://archivesspace.library.gsu.edu/repositories/2/resources/1508"],"dcterms_subject":["Reporters and reporting","Mass media and race relations","School integration","Radio broadcasting","Television broadcasting of news","Press","Civil rights movements","Georgia. General Assembly. Committee on Schools","Highlander Folk School (Monteagle, Tenn.)"],"dcterms_title":["Ray Moore oral history interview, 1987 May 8, 1987 June 18"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Georgia State University. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ggdp/id/5233"],"dcterms_temporal":["1980/1989"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Moore, Ray, Interviewed by Clifford Kuhn, 8 May 1987 and 18 June 1987, P1987-08, Series D. Politics and the Media, Georgia Government Documentation Project, Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta."],"dlg_local_right":["This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["2 hours, 30 minutes, 33 seconds of audio spread over 4 sides of 3 tapes, and a 81 page transcript."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Williams, Hosea, 1926-2000","King, Lonnie C., 1936-","Baldowski, Clifford H., 1917-1999","Shipp, Bill","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Davis, James C. (James Curran), 1895-1981","Abram, Morris B.","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Griffin, Marvin, 1907-1982","Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","Massell, Sam"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gsu_ggdp_5245","title":"Bill Shipp oral history interview, 1987 May 7","collection_id":"gsu_ggdp","collection_title":"Georgia Government Documentation Project","dcterms_contributor":["Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Shipp, Bill"],"dc_date":["1987-05-07"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Georgia State University Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Government Documentation Project","https://archivesspace.library.gsu.edu/repositories/2/resources/1508"],"dcterms_subject":["Race relations--Political aspects","Mass media--Political aspects","Civil rights movements","Journalists","Reporters and reporting","School integration","Apportionment (Election law)","Milledgeville State Hospital","Atlanta constitution"],"dcterms_title":["Bill Shipp oral history interview, 1987 May 7"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Georgia State University. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ggdp/id/5245"],"dcterms_temporal":["1980/1989"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Shipp, Bill, Interviewed by Clifford Kuhn, 7 May 1987, P1987-05, Series D. Politics and the Media, Georgia Government Documentation Project, Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta."],"dlg_local_right":["This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["1 hour, 30 minutes, 44 seconds of audio spread over 3 sides of 2 tapes, and a 58 page transcript."],"dlg_subject_personal":["McGill, Ralph, 1898-1969","Allen, Ivan, 1911-2003","Shipp, Bill","Nelson, Jack, 1929-2009","Bell, Griffin B., 1918-2009","Hartsfield, William Berry"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gsu_ggdp_5684","title":"John Greer oral history interview 1987 May 6","collection_id":"gsu_ggdp","collection_title":"Georgia Government Documentation Project","dcterms_contributor":["Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Greer, John, 1909-1994"],"dc_date":["1987-05-06"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Georgia State University Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Government Documentation Project","https://archivesspace.library.gsu.edu/repositories/2/resources/1508"],"dcterms_subject":["Legislators","Politicians","Political campaigns","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Democratic Party (Ga.)","Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority"],"dcterms_title":["John Greer oral history interview 1987 May 6"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Georgia State University. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ggdp/id/5684"],"dcterms_temporal":["1980/1989"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Greer, John, Interviewed by Clifford Kuhn, 6 May 1987, P1987-07, Series B. Public Figures, Georgia Government Documentation Project, Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta."],"dlg_local_right":["This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["1 hour, 28 minutes, 48 seconds of audio spread over 2 sides of 1 tape, and a 58 page transcript."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Rivers, Eurith Dickerson, 1895-1967","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Talmadge, Eugene, 1884-1946","Gillis, Jim L., 1892-1975"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gsu_ggdp_5227","title":"Bill Shipp oral history interview, 1987 April 22","collection_id":"gsu_ggdp","collection_title":"Georgia Government Documentation Project","dcterms_contributor":["Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Shipp, Bill"],"dc_date":["1987-04-22"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Georgia State University Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Government Documentation Project","https://archivesspace.library.gsu.edu/repositories/2/resources/1508"],"dcterms_subject":["Race relations--Political aspects","Mass media--Political aspects","Civil rights movements","Legal aid","Journalists","Reporters and reporting","Atlanta constitution","Highlander Folk School (Monteagle, Tenn.)","Republican Party (Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Bill Shipp oral history interview, 1987 April 22"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Georgia State University. 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For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["1 hour, 38 minutes, 58 seconds of audio spread over 3 sides of 2 tapes, and a 62 page transcript."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Shipp, Bill","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Nelson, Jack, 1929-2009","McGill, Ralph, 1898-1969","Talmadge, Eugene, 1884-1946","Abram, Morris B.","Davis, James C. (James Curran), 1895-1981","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Griffin, Marvin, 1907-1982","Miller, Zell, 1932-2018","Fowler, Wyche, 1940-","Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gsu_ggdp_5175","title":"George Busbee oral history interviews, 1987 March 24 and 31","collection_id":"gsu_ggdp","collection_title":"Georgia Government Documentation Project","dcterms_contributor":["Cook, James F."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Busbee, George, 1927-2004"],"dc_date":["1987-03-24","1987-03-31"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Georgia State University Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Government Documentation Project","https://archivesspace.library.gsu.edu/repositories/2/resources/1508"],"dcterms_subject":["Apportionment (Election law)","Governors--Election","Elections","Politicians","Political campaigns","Georgia. Governor","Georgia. General Assembly. Committee on Schools","Georgia. General Assembly"],"dcterms_title":["George Busbee oral history interviews, 1987 March 24 and 31"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Georgia State University. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ggdp/id/5175"],"dcterms_temporal":["1980/1989"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Busbee, George D., Interviewed by James F. Cook, 24 and 31 March 1987, P1987-03, Series A. Georgia Governors, Georgia Government Documentation Project, Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta."],"dlg_local_right":["This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["2 hours, 46 minutes, 55 seconds of audio spread over 4 sides or 2 tapes, and a 79 page transcript."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Busbee, George, 1927-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","George, Walter F. 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