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The transcript and audio are provided for individual research purposes only; for all other uses, including publication, reproduction, and quotation beyond fair use, permission must be obtained in writing from: Department of Oral History, University Libraries, University of South Carolina."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["53:40"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Earle, James Sidney","Earle, Willie, 1922-1947"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_gravely_135","title":"Charlie \u0026 Clara Pitts oral history interview, 1990 June 26","collection_id":"suc_gravely","collection_title":"William Gravely Oral History Collection on the Lynching of Willie Earle","dcterms_contributor":["Merck, J. Austin"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, Greenville County, Greenville, 34.85262, -82.39401"],"dcterms_creator":["Pitts, Charlie","Pitts, Clara","Gravely, William"],"dc_date":["1990-06-26"],"dcterms_description":["An oral history interview by William Gravely with Charlie and Clara Pitts, with occasional comments by J. Austin Merck, on June 26, 1990, in Greenville, S.C., regarding the 1947 lynching of Willie Earle and the subsequent trial for suspected members of the lynching party. Topics covered in the conversational interview include the location of the taxi company for which several of the defendants worked and other details about specific people thought to be involved, as well as information about taxi driver T.W. Brown, whose fatal wounding was the crime of which Earle was accused before he was kidnapped from the local jail and lynched. Notes and correspondence are included with the oral history interview"],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. 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The transcript and audio are provided for individual research purposes only; for all other uses, including publication, reproduction, and quotation beyond fair use, permission must be obtained in writing from: Department of Oral History, University Libraries, University of South Carolina."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["56:36"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Pitts, Charlie","Pitts, Clara","Merck, J. Austin","Earle, Willie, 1922-1947"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"kdl_abrad_19910623allison","title":"Interview with William Allison, June 23, 1991","collection_id":"kdl_abrad","collection_title":"Anne Braden Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Fosl, Catherine"],"dcterms_spatial":["Chile, -30.0, -71.0","United States, Alabama, 32.75041, -86.75026","United States, District of Columbia, Washington, 38.89511, -77.03637","United States, Kentucky, Fayette County, 38.04233, -84.45873","United States, Kentucky, Fayette County, Lexington, 37.98869, -84.47772","United States, Kentucky, Franklin County, 38.23915, -84.87707","United States, Kentucky, Franklin County, Frankfort, 38.20091, -84.87328","United States, Kentucky, Jefferson County, Louisville, 38.25424, -85.75941","United States, Kentucky, Meade County, 37.96984, -86.21718","United States, Kentucky, Meade County, Muldraugh, 37.93702, -85.99163","United States, Kentucky, Pike County, 37.46902, -82.39587","United States, Louisiana, Orleans Parish, 30.06864, -89.92813","United States, Louisiana, Orleans Parish, New Orleans, 29.95465, -90.07507","United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036","United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Allison, William H., Jr."],"dc_date":["1990-06-23"],"dcterms_description":["Interview with Bill Allison, June 23, 1991 conducted by Catherine Fosl.","Bill Allison, former attorney and civil rights activist, served as SCEF's (Southern Conference Educational Fund ) lawyer from 1969 to 1974. In this interview, Allison discusses how he got involved in the Civil Rights Movement, his impressions of Anne and Carl Braden, and the insight he gained about effecting change in society and government through his contact with the Bradens. He speaks about representing SCEF people or friends of SCEF and serving on the legal team that represented the Black Six case and the Louisville Black Panthers case. Allison also explains SCEF's demise due to internal tension brought on by differing ideologies among its activist members."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Lawyers--Interviews","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Civil rights--United States","Civil rights movements--United States","Black Panther Party","United States--History--1961-1969","United States--History--1969-","Civil rights lawyers--Kentucky--Louisville","Civil rights workers--Kentucky--Louisville","Pacifists--Kentucky--Louisville","Communists--United States","Cold War--Influence","Demonstrations--Washington (D.C.)","Demonstrations--Kentucky","Violence--Kentucky","Trials (Sedition)--Kentucky","Picketing--Kentucky--Lexington","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Draft resisters--Kentucky","Draft--United States","Community activists--Kentucky","Demonstrations--Kentucky--Muldraugh","Black power--United States","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Civil rights demonstrations--Kentucky--Frankfort","Discrimination in housing--Kentucky--Frankfort","Christian ethics--Kentucky","Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship","Peace movements--United States","Presidents--Election--1968","Class consciousness--Kentucky","Leadership","Marriage","Police brutality--Kentucky--Louisville","Race riots--Kentucky--Louisville","Discrimination in housing--Kentucky--Louisville","Jury selection--Kentucky","Imprisonment--Kentucky","Republic of New Africa (Organization)","Kentucky Derby","Robbery--Kentucky--Louisville","Violence--Kentucky--Louisville","Communist Party of the United States of America","Congresses and conventions--Chile","October League (M-L)","Students for a Democratic Society (U.S.)","Black Workers Congress","Kidnapping--Kentucky--Louisville","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","Presidents--Election--1984","National Rainbow Coalition (U.S.)","Southern Organizing Committee for Economic and Social Justice","Courier-journal (Louisville, Ky.)","Progressive Party (U.S. : 1948)","Families--Kentucky--Louisville","Interpersonal relations--Kentucky--Louisville","Women civil rights workers--Kentucky--Louisville","Allison, William H., Jr.--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with William Allison, June 23, 1991"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Kentucky"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://kentuckyoralhistory.org/ark:/16417/xt769p2w4562"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the University of Kentucky Libraries."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","sound recordings","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":["1 interview :  [01:45:05]"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Braden, Anne, 1924-2006","Braden, Carl, 1914-1975","Allison, William H., Jr.","Sedler, Robert Allen","Kunstler, William M. (William Moses), 1919-1995","Smith, Benjamin Eugene","Honey, Michael K.","McCarthy, Eugene J., 1916-2005","Carmichael, Stokely, 1941-1998","Sullivan, William C.","Allende Gossens, Salvador, 1908-1973","Simkins, Modjeska Monteith, 1899-1992","Dombrowski, James A. (James Anderson), 1897-1983","Jackson, Jesse, 1941-","Williams, Aubrey Willis, 1890-1965","Forman, James, 1928-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_gravely_134","title":"Ruth Clardy Oral History Interview, 1990 June 20","collection_id":"suc_gravely","collection_title":"William Gravely Oral History Collection on the Lynching of Willie Earle","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, Greenville County, Greenville, 34.85262, -82.39401"],"dcterms_creator":["Clardy, Ruth","Gravely, William"],"dc_date":["1990-06-20"],"dcterms_description":["An oral history interview by William Gravely on June 20, 1990, with Ruth Clardy, the daughter of one of the defendants in the court case regarding suspected partcipants in the lynching of Willie Earle. Topics include conversations with her father about taxi fares and practices, the taxi driver whose murder was the crime of which Willie Earle had been accused, and the sequence of events on the night of the lynching. A draft transcript of the interview and notes on the interview by William Gravely are included."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. 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The transcript and audio are provided for individual research purposes only; for all other uses, including publication, reproduction, and quotation beyond fair use, permission must be obtained in writing from: Department of Oral History, University Libraries, University of South Carolina."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["29:26"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Clardy, Ruth","Earle, Willie, 1922-1947"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_l-0127","title":"Oral history interview with Julius L. Chambers, June 18, 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Link, William A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Chambers, Julius L. (Julius LeVonne), 1936-"],"dc_date":["1990-06-18"],"dcterms_description":["Julius Chambers discusses his involvement with the University of North Carolina's Board of Governors from 1972 to 1977 as a representative of his alma mater, North Carolina Central University. He explains that smaller North Carolina colleges and universities and traditionally underrepresented groups found a voice in post-secondary school decisions during this period. During this period, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) established a set of criteria for the desegregation of higher education institutions. While he felt the North Carolina college system had not complied with the court order to eliminate the inequalities of segregated schools, other board officials believed UNC had done enough and wanted the federal government to disengage itself from North Carolina affairs. Although university president William Friday also argued that the state's higher education system complied with the desegregation orders, Chambers favorably assesses Friday's leadership as UNC president and Board of Governors member. He contends that Friday built a consensus among board members on a middle-of-the-road political position. Nonetheless, because North Carolina delayed making meaningful changes in the desegregation of its post-secondary schools, HEW filed a desegregation lawsuit against UNC. The later reluctance of the Nixon and Ford administrations to support school desegregation and the endorsement of the Carter administration furthered the Office for Civil Rights' resolve to enforce the desegregation of North Carolina post-secondary schools. Chambers blames the retreat from desegregation initiatives on a conservative resurgence and on North Carolina's desire to end the ongoing debate on race in higher education.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American college administrators--North Carolina","College trustees--North Carolina","College integration--North Carolina","University of North Carolina (System)--Trials, litigation, etc.","Affirmative action programs in education--North Carolina","Higher education and state--North Carolina"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Julius L. Chambers, June 18, 1990"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/L-0127/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 25, 2008).","Interview participants: Julius L. Chambers, interviewee; William Link, interviewer.","Duration: 00:56:18.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Chambers, Julius L. (Julius LeVonne), 1936-2013","Friday, William C. (William Clyde)"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gsu_ggdp_5656","title":"Griffin Bell oral history interview, 1990 June 12","collection_id":"gsu_ggdp","collection_title":"Georgia Government Documentation Project","dcterms_contributor":["Kuhn, Cliff","Bost, William L."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Bell, Griffin B., 1918-2009"],"dc_date":["1990-06-12"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Georgia State University Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Georgia Government Documentation Project","https://archivesspace.library.gsu.edu/repositories/2/resources/1508"],"dcterms_subject":["Race relations","School integration","Campaign management","Apportionment (Election law)","Georgia. General Assembly. Committee on Schools","King \u0026 Spalding","Georgia Bar Association","United States. Attorney-General"],"dcterms_title":["Griffin Bell oral history interview, 1990 June 12"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Georgia State University. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ggdp/id/5656"],"dcterms_temporal":["1990/1999"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Bell, Griffin, Interviewed by Clifford Kuhn \u0026 William L. Bost, 12 June 1990, P1990-09, Series B. Public Figures, Georgia Government Documentation Project, Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University Library, Atlanta."],"dlg_local_right":["This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["1 hour, 35 minutes, 5 seconds of audio spread over 4 sides of 2 tapes, and a 64 page transcript."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Busbee, George, 1927-2004","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_l-0035","title":"Oral history interview with George Esser, June-August 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weaver, Frances A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Esser, George H."],"dc_date":["1990-06/1990-08"],"dcterms_description":["George Esser was the assistant director of the University of North Carolina's Institute of Government, executive director of the North Carolina Fund, project adviser with the Ford Foundation, and the executive director of the Southern Regional Council. He was born into a comfortable Virginia coal family in 1920, but the Great Depression plunged his family into poverty. Struggling to find a way to earn an income, Esser learned \"the meaning of what a penny meant and a nickel meant\" and what government programs could offer to needy Americans. Esser took advantage of one such government program, the G.I. Bill, to enroll at Harvard Law School, and he took his law degree south to the Institute of Government in Chapel Hill. In this interview, Esser describes the background and family history that shaped his philosophy and how he put that philosophy, a belief in the power of institutions to uplift communities, into action at the Institute. There, under the direction of Albert Coates, he studied issues like city-county consolidation and made connections that would eventually lead to the creation of the North Carolina Fund, a five-year community empowerment organization created with a grant by the Ford Foundation. Esser discusses the increasing role the Fund played in North Carolina's economic development in the 1960s, a story that reveals not only the importance of political influence in the development process, but also the operations and personalities that drove the Fund's initiatives. After discussing the North Carolina Fund, which closed in 1968, Esser remembers his efforts to reorient the Southern Regional Council (SRC) in Atlanta and his return to North Carolina in the 1980s. This interview offers not just an inside look at influential social justice organizations in the 1960s and 1970s, but also a portrait of a man who devoted his life to organizations dedicated to ameliorating poverty and social inequality.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Community development corporations--North Carolina--Employees","Social reformers--North Carolina","Community development--North Carolina","North Carolina--Economic policy","North Carolina Fund","North Carolina--Economic conditions","North Carolina--Race relations","University of North Carolina (1793-1962). Institute of Government"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with George Esser, June-August 1990"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/L-0035/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 07:31:55"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Esser, George H., Jr., 1921-2006","Coates, Albert, 1896-1989"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0356","title":"Oral history interview with Modjeska Simkins, May 11, 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Egerton, John","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, 34.00043, -81.00009","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Simkins, Modjeska Monteith, 1899-1992"],"dc_date":["1990-05-11"],"dcterms_description":["Civil rights activist and NAACP leader Modjeska Simkins recalls the civil rights struggle in South Carolina in this spirited interview. 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