{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"aru_unequal_1676","title":"Searcy Designates Separate Drinking Facilities","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1891"],"dcterms_description":["In 1891, the small town of Searcy in White County, outlawed African-Americans from drinking from the same city spring as its white citizens.","Blacks -- African-Americans -- Searcy -- Segregation -- Searcy -- White County","Prohibited From Drinking Water Searcy, Ark., Special to the Freeman The situation of affairs in Arkansas is rather interesting. In a few days the Separate Coach law goes into effect. The summary process of lynching supposed criminals of African descent goes on in regular order. It is quite the fashion in the South. We had a case of it within a few miles of us very recently, but we have in the quiet and aristocratic town of Searcy, an entirely new phase of race hated and oppression. There is here a public park containing 4 available, and according to repute, health restoring springs; the owner of this property gave it over to the town with the understanding that all persons should have access to the springs thereof and drink of the beneficial waters. The town council has the power to pass ordinances for the regulation of the same. In the Spring Park is a sulphur spring, giving forth its water very feely, and many people resorted hitherto to drink but it came upon a time during the water-drinking, that some of our rank bourbons from some way-back Negro-killing counties came and took board at the hotels; as might be expected, they went to the spring to drink and undoubtedly they must have taken a great attachment to the waters, but much to the disgust, astonishment, and inconceivable chagrin of these most noble bourbons aforesaid, the Afro-Americans of the Community, came up also, drank of the water as if they too, enjoyed drinking it. The aforesaid bourbons were so exercised over the final conception of the fact, that they had drank from the same spring as a Negro, went back to the hotel and reported very indignantly against such unprecedented acts of humanity, threatening that if they must be wantonly subjected to the humiliation of drinking from the same springs as the Negroes, they would be deprived the town of the benefit of their board bill, and go home never return here any more. Suddenly many of the precious white church members and unbelievers of the won found out that they, too, did not like to drink from the same spring as their dark-skinned fellowman. The kind and considerate city fathers, hearing of the grievance of the people (that means the white inhabitants; black ones are never “the people,” or any part of the people, when it comes to legal consideration,) they very solicitously undertook the remedy. With characteristic mysteriousness of purposes, they went to work and had a pipe laid and an artificial sulphur springs was made. Then the council met and perambulated the “comfort of visitors and citizens of the town of Searcy” giving the colored man what he has never been changed with having-very much of a black eye, metaphorically speaking. They then formulated and finally passed an ordinance requiring the colored people to sit on the south side of the main ditch and drink water from and at the artificial sulphur spring. Imposing a fine upon those who should dare to drink at any of the other springs, which God had so arranged as to come on the north side of the ditch which they had cut and had now taken as the boundary (sic) line of their exclusive portion of the park. The black people held a public meeting and drew up resolutions protesting against such discrimination, in a manner that would have done credit to Benjamin Franklin or Thomas Jefferson, but these were referred to a committee and laid over. What will be done about it, we can’t say, but if we want any water now and don’t want to be outlawed, we must carry a bucket and dip it up and carry it away, our ebony hue making us entirely too much unqualified to drink it at the original spring. We see that one of your contributors is very much perplexed over the decreasing per cent of the Negro population of this country. If he will take a few plain facts into consideration, he will find out that the question is not so unfathomable. First, the people are populating this country by immigration for Europe; in the next place, in the Southern States where Negroes are most numerous, they don’t acre to"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["The Indianapolis Freeman, August 15, 1891"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Searcy Designates Separate Drinking Facilities"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1676"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1678","title":"Searcy Designates Separate Drinking Facilities","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1891"],"dcterms_description":["In 1891, the small town of Searcy in White County, outlawed African-Americans from drinking from the same city spring as its white citizens.","Blacks -- African-Americans -- Searcy -- Segregation -- Searcy -- White County"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["The Indianapolis Freeman, August 15, 1891"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Searcy Designates Separate Drinking Facilities"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. 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Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1809"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1810","title":"Tillman Bill","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1891"],"dcterms_description":["A notice inviting black citizens of Little Rock to comment on the \"Separate Car Bill\" (Tillman Bill).","Civil Rights -- African-Americans -- Blacks Separate Coach Law -- Little Rock","A Mass Meeting To the Editor of the Gazette: We desire to state through the me- dium of your paper, that through the kindness of the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the colored citizens of Little Rock have been accorded the privilige of holding a public meeting in the hall of the House of Representatives, tonight, Tuesday, January 27, at 7:30 p.m, for the purpose of stating their position (which has been somewhat misstated) upon the Separate Car Bill, which is now pending before the Legislature of our State. The public generally are respect- fully invited to attend, and the mem- bers of both Houses of the Legisla- ture particularly. Good order will be maintained and the best sentiment expressed. Nothing will be said to offend the most fas- tidious. Respectfully. THE COLORED CITIZENS"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Arkansas Gazette"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Tillman Bill"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1810"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1714","title":"Immigrants from South Carolina Arrive in Arkansas","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1886-12-22"],"dcterms_description":["Article in the New York Times regarding the arrival in Arkansas of black emigrants from South Carolina.","Migration -- Blacks -- African-Americans -- Crop Liens"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["The New York Times"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Immigrants from South Carolina Arrive in Arkansas"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1714"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1713","title":"South Carolina Emigrants Arrive in Arkansas","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1886-12-22"],"dcterms_description":["Article in the New York Times regarding the arrival in Arkansas of black emigrants from South Carolina.","Migration -- Blacks -- African-Americans -- Crop Liens","THE SOUTH CAROLINA EXODUS LITTLE ROCK, Ark., Dec. 21.- A score of negro emigrants from South Carolina reached here to-day on they way to Southern Arkansas, where they will settle. More are coming in January and February. Several hundred will leave Aiken, Hampton, and Barnwell Counties for this State. The emigrants now here say they left South Carolina because the crop or cotton has been short for some seasons past, and that their share of it has been taken by the landlords under the lien law, and also that they have no political rights in that State. They say the exo- dus will take all black labor from numbers of sections and leave planters without help. They say the black men have no future in that State. The New Your Times Published: December 22, 1886"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["The New York Times"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["South Carolina Emigrants Arrive in Arkansas"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1713"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_2058","title":"Immigrants from South Carolina En Route to Arkansas","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":["New York Times"],"dc_date":["1885-12-16"],"dcterms_description":["Article in the New York Times regarding 100 African-Americans emigrating from South Carolina to Arkansas.","Blacks -- African-Americans -- Migration","A COLORED EXODUS. NASHVILLE, Tenn., Dec. 15.- One hun- dred colored men, women, and children passed through the city to-day en route fro South Carolina to Arkansas, where they intend to set- tle. They stated that the poor crops and high rents caused them to change their location, and that hundreds of others are making prepara- tions to leave next Spring for points in the Western and Southwestern States. They have made no arrangements fo employment, and evi- dently believe that work may be had for the asking. Some of the party thought their des- tination was Kansas, not knowing the difference between the States."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["The New York Times"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Immigrants from South Carolina En Route to Arkansas"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/2058"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_727","title":"Anti-Immigration Article","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":["New York Times"],"dc_date":["1885-03-19"],"dcterms_description":["New York Times article regarding African American emigrating to Arkansas from South Carolina and the negative reaction from Arkansans.","Blacks -- African-Americans -- Pope County -- Conway County -- Emigration -- Violence"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["New York Times, March 19, 1885"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Anti-Immigration Article"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/727"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_728","title":"Anti-Immigration Article","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":["New York Times"],"dc_date":["1885-03-19"],"dcterms_description":["New York Times article regarding African American emigrating to Arkansas from South Carolina and the negative reaction from Arkansans.","Blacks -- African-Americans -- Pope County -- Conway County -- Emigration -- Violence"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["New York Times, March 19, 1885"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Anti-Immigration Article"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/728"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_389","title":"South Carolina Blacks Migration to Arkansas","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":["New York Times"],"dc_date":["1882-01-05"],"dcterms_description":["Article in the New York Times regarding the exodus of blacks from South Carolina to Arkansas, where they poor economic and political conditions.","Migration -- Blacks -- African-Americans -- Exodus","THE SOUTH CAROLINA EXODUS: FIVE THOUSAND NEGROES SAID TO HAVE LEFT THEIR HOMES FOR ARKANSAS- EMIGRATION OF WHITES THREATENED Correspondence of the Charlestong (S.C.) News. TRENTON, S.C., Dec. 31. - There is no dis- guising the fact that a most alarming condition of things exists in Edgefield County in consequence of the exodus of negroes to Arkansas, which be- gan more than a week since and has continued almost without intermission up to the present time. It is estimated that already about one-fifth of the entire negro population of the county, or more than 5,000 persons, has gone and the fever is still spreading. There has been nothing like it since the days of Pharaoh, and the situa- tion may well occasion the deepest anxiety for the future. In the Ridge section of the county, extending from the Lexington boundary to this place along the line of the harlotte, Columbia and Augusta Railroad, and east of this road to the Aiken County line, embracing a stretch of territory 24 miles long and 4 to 5 miles wide, it is estimated that at least fourth-fifths of the negroes have joined the exodus. The townships most affected by the movement are Shaw, Ward, Norris, and portions of Mobley and Pickens. Some of the most extensive plantations in this section, on which large numbers of negroes were formerly employed, are now with- out one colored laborer, and the outlook is gloomy enough to cause wide-spread dismay. The reports heretofore published in the newspapers have not exaggerated a single feature of this unparalleled movement; entire settlements have been depopu- lated, and the public roads leading to Augusta have resounded day and night for the past week with the shuffling tread of a picturesque and motley caravan. To add to the complications of the situation a number of white people talk of leaving the county on account of the passage of the Stock law and the lack of labor. There is also a heavy movement of colored people to Beaufort, Colleton, Charleston, and Hampton Counties. Tow or three wagon- trains, carrying several hundred people, have passed through this section during the past few weeks seaward bound. It is a significant fact that the preachers have been urging this movement on the ground that in the counties named the colored people would be able to enjoy their political rights and assist in carrying the next election. Agents are also at work inducing labor- ers to go to South-west Georgia to engage in farm- ing and in the lumber business at large wages; and along the line of the Columbia and the Greenville Road emigrants are being secured for Kansas. The New York Times"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["New York Times, January 5, 1882"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["South Carolina Blacks Migration to Arkansas"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/389"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_919","title":"Civil Rights Meeting Held","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":["Arkansas Gazette"],"dc_date":["1873-08-22"],"dcterms_description":["Arkansas Gazette article describing efforts to form an organization designed to test the limits of the newly-enacted Arkansas Civil Rights Law of 1873.","Civil Rights -- Blacks -- African-Americans -- Little Rock (Ark.) -- Bethel A.M.E. Church -- Reconstruction -- Railroad Segregation -- Little Rock -- Pulaski"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Arkansas Gazette"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Civil Rights Meeting Held"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. 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