{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38005","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a reporter interviewing Mayor Maynard Jackson on the impact of the Civil Rights movement, Atlanta, Georgia, 1980 January 3","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Jackson, Maynard, 1938-2003"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1980-01-03"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from January 3, 1980, Atlanta, Georgia mayor Maynard Jackson speaks about the impact on the Civil Rights movement on the country and on his life.","The clip begins with Mayor Jackson sitting in an office in a high-backed leather chair. A female reporter begins to say something to Jackson. He interrupts her to suggest that she close the door to block excess noise. After a break in the clip, the camera focuses on Jackson's hands. The reporter asks Jackson about the impact of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. Jackson points to politics as the \"last nonviolent role for the masses of people.\" Jackson explains that while he does not believe in violent social change, he does believe \"that politics, even though it is imperfect, affords the best opportunity for change. The Civil Rights movement made possible the laws that made possible the political change we are now seeing.\" The reporter next asks Jackson if he feels the Civil Rights movement is still alive. Jackson responds that the movement is still alive and in a new phase focusing on fulfilling promises and producing change. Asked about the future of African Americans in the Civil Rights movement, Jackson predicts a growth in African American political activity. He points out that there are ninety-seven African American mayors in the United States and over two thousand African American elected officials. According to Jackson, that number represents about one percent of all elected officials in the United States. He expresses his confidence that those numbers will grow, saying \"we have no where to go but up. And I'm confident that we are going up.\"","Next, the reporter asks Jackson about the role of Martin Luther King, Jr. in the Civil Rights movement. Jackson calls King's role \"profound\" and \"the backbone of the advances we have made.\" Jackson refers to King as \"a friend of all people\" and \"a friend of my family for many generations.\" Jackson does believe in the conspiracy theory about King's death and he blames a few white people who did not understand King for killing him. Jackson recounts that his daughter Brooke was born the day King was buried. Jackson says he left the hospital and joined the march to Morehouse College. He says that during the march he began to realize his work as a lawyer was not enough to bring about the social change he hoped to achieve, so he entered politics, qualifying in an election against United States senator Herman Talmadge less than two months later.","Maynard Jackson, grandson of the Atlanta community leader John Wesley Dobbs, was the first African American mayor of a major Southern city in the United States. During Jackson's three terms as mayor of Atlanta, he worked to increase opportunities for African Americans in the community and to foster biracial cooperation.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn38005"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Mayors--Georgia--Atlanta","African American men--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Interviews--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Offices--Georgia--Atlanta","African American mayors--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Politics and government","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a reporter interviewing Mayor Maynard Jackson on the impact of the Civil Rights movement, Atlanta, Georgia, 1980 January 3"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38005"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38005"],"dcterms_temporal":["1980-01-03"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn38005, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a reporter interviewing Mayor Maynard Jackson on the impact of the Civil Rights movement, Atlanta, Georgia, 1980 January 3, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0017, 34:40/38:55, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 4 mins., 15 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Jackson, Maynard, 1938-2003--Interviews","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Influence"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38120","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Atlanta Junior College students who want charges against students dropped and an attorney comments on the situation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1978 June 22","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Thomas, Jim"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, Pryor Street, 33.7282815, -84.3924887"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1978-06-22"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from June 22, 1978, demonstrators protest arrests made at Atlanta Junior College graduation ceremonies by marching in front of the State Court of Fulton County; Atlanta Junior College students protest against the denial of summer teaching contracts for five instructors at the school; and an attorney representing the graduation ceremony protestors speaks about the circumstances surrounding their arrest.","The clip, which is about sixteen minutes long, begins with several shots of a multiracial group of demonstrators greeting each other as they prepare to organize outside of the State Court of Fulton County. The group of demonstrators congregates, and a placard reads \"Drop the charges against the 9 AJC student (sic)! It's right to fight the capitalist system!!! The source of all oppression!!\" This is followed by a closeup shot of a student opening up a newspaper, then a shot of the facade of the State Court of Fulton County. Next, protesters continue to accumulate outside of the Fulton county courthouse; the camera then zooms in closely on a protest leaflet, legible text reads \"Fight Discrimination.\" This is followed by more shots of protesters gathering around the courthouse facility.","Next, two African American students carrying a red, black and green Pan-African flag lead a procession of multiracial protesters in a picket in front of the State Court of Fulton County. Some demonstrators have brought their children; one woman pickets with her baby in a harness carrier, and a man carries a little girl on his shoulders. The protesters engage in chants that include \"Drop the charges, and we'll go home,\" \"Police attack, we fight back,\" \"Police attack, the people fight back,\" \"One, two, three, four, we ain't going to take this shit no more, five six, seven, eight,we ain't going to live in a racist state\" \"One, two, three, four, we ain't going to take this shit no more, five, six, seven, eight, we ain't going to live in this fascist state,\" and \"The people united can never be defeated.\" There are several chants that are unclear. Some of the protesters raise their fists while chanting; some carry protest placards, legible signs include the messages \"Drop the charges,\"Self determination for the Afro-American nation,\" \"Wallace-Selma Busbee-AJC no more police brutality\"(directed towards Georgia governor George Busbee and Georgia state patrolmen), \"Busbee call off your goons stop police brutality,\" \"Busbee's goons equal KKK cops and Klan work hand in hand,\" \"Black and white unite fight racism,\" \"Wallace and Selma Busbee and AJC,\" and \"Drop the charges against the AJC 26.\"","The audio drops out momentarily; next, the picketers are observed by a small group of bystanders, there is also a steady stream of pedestrian traffic continuing along the sidewalk, unperturbed by the picket line. A Georgia state patrol car is parked directly across the street from the gathering of picketers. There is a shot of an African American woman standing outside of the Fulton County parks and recreation department observing the protest, and several shots of people, including uniformed officers, looking at the demonstration from the windows in their office buildings. The number of picketers continues to grow, and the chants increase in volume as one of the protesters begins using a bullhorn. Two Georgia state patrolmen cross through the group of picketers to enter the Fulton county courthouse building, and the chant \"Police attack, the people fight back\" intensifies. Next, inside of the building on 160 Pryor Street, a Georgia state trooper, in silhouette, speaks to people in the building's front lobby. There are several aerial shots of the demonstration, filmed from several floors above. Next, the demonstration on the sidewalk ceases, the picketers drop their signs into a pile, and protesters enter the State Court of Fulton County building.","The clip jumps to a segment filmed at the campus of Atlanta Junior College, where another protest is taking place. Demonstrators hold up placards, those that are legible read \"Fight for the rights of black and other third world students\" and \"Four hundred years of oppression we demand (text illegible).\" Next, several young African American men, all protesters, have gathered along a paved walkway; they discuss student support of the protests. Several of the men are holding protest signs. The camera closes in on two signs, one of which is partially legible \"No Moureo No Ron No Charlayn, No Jabari, No Beverly (text illegible).\"","At another location on campus, three more young African American men carry placards as they walk down a paved walkway past a series of benches. One of the men shouts \"Be a man\" to someone off camera. The camera closes in on the shouting man, and, speaking to the camera, he says \"Get back on the job.\" The clip breaks and cuts him off. When the clip resumes, he explains that he and other students are striking because the president of the school has not issued summer contracts to five instructors. He remarks that students support the five teachers, that the president of the school refuses to address racism at the school, and that they (the students) stand against the action taken against, in his opinion, the best instructors at the school. He is carrying a sign that reads \"This time Thompson (text illegible) in the unemployment line,\" a reference to Atlanta Junior College president Edwin Thompson. There are several more scenes of students discussing events at the school, making protest signs, and picketing at different locations on campus; one protester carries a sign that reads \"Dare to struggle dare to win.\"","The clip returns to the protest outside of the State Court of Fulton County, where protesters chant \"Free the nine, put the state on trial.\" An unidentified attorney defending the students remarks to African American WSB reporter Jim Thomas that, despite having being issued a continuance, they were ready to present their case that day, with all of their witnesses subpoenaed and lawyers present. Thomas asks the attorney what the defense case will be when he returns to court; the attorney responds that the students had the right to be on the facilities of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church, and that the charges of trespassing and disrupting activities on property brought by the state do not apply to the students, because they were on private, not state property. He notes that Reverend Ralph David Abernathy, pastor of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church, gave permission to Atlanta Junior College to hold commencement exercises at the church facilities. He specifies that this permission did not include giving the college, the Georgia Board of Regents or the state of Georgia complete control of the facilities. He explains that Abernathy also welcomed peaceful demonstrations, and, as agreed upon, those had been conducted in a common area on the church property. The attorney conveys Abernathy's displeasure and embarrassment caused by the state authorities' claim of possession of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church grounds, enacted so that they could invoke the authority to call in state troopers and arrest student demonstrators.","When asked by Thomas if he thought the state troopers \"had any business\" at the commencement exercises, the attorney responds that he did not think so, noting that the presence of the troopers in the parking lot of the church discouraged guests of the commencement services from attending, and emphasizes that it was the state troopers, not the demonstrators, that were feared. He adds that service attendees confirm that the demonstration was peaceful and not disruptive. Thomas asks the attorney about his reaction to the trial continuance; the attorney responds that he thinks \"the state is confused about how to relate to this particular situation.\" After a break in the clip, the attorney notes that he is \"pleased by the response of other attorneys\" who have offered to donate their time to the case.","During the spring of 1978, Atlanta Junior College (AJC) president Edwin Thompson denied summer teaching contracts for five AJC instructors who engaged in activities protesting racial discrimination and insufficient desegregation plans at Georgia state colleges and universities. In response to this decision, student-organized demonstrations were held regularly on the AJC campus, and on the grounds of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church on June 8, 1978 during AJC graduation ceremonies. The Reverend Ralph David Abernathy, pastor of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church, had granted AJC use of the church's facilities on June 8 to house commencement exercises that were too large to be accommodated on campus; he had also granted permission for peaceful demonstration to take place on church property. The protest was held concurrently with the graduation events, and during the ceremony, nine demonstrators were arrested by Georgia state troopers. Abernathy spoke out against the arrests. Following the commencement day demonstration, another protest was held the following week at a Georgia Board of Regents meeting; seventeen protesters were arrested at this gathering. Demonstrators declared police brutality at both the West Hunter Street Baptist Church and the Board of Regents meeting protests.","On Friday, June 22, 1978, a multiracial crowd of approximately eighty-five demonstrators marched in front of the Fulton County Courthouse to protest the arrests of demonstrators supporting the AJC instructors; the use of force by state troopers in the arrests of the aforementioned demonstrators; and to attend a preliminary court hearing for the nine protesters who were arrested on the grounds of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church on June 8.","Reporter: Thomas, Jim","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn38120"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Universities and colleges--Georgia--Atlanta","Universities and colleges--Faculty--Georgia--Atlanta","Universities and colleges--Employees--Georgia--Atlanta","Universities and colleges--Complaints against--Georgia--Atlanta","Universities and colleges--Administration--Georgia--Atlanta","Race relations","African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","Courts--Georgia--Atlanta","Demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","Picketing--Georgia--Atlanta","Buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Courthouses--Georgia--Atlanta","Public buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Flags--United States","Black American Heritage Flag","Pan-Africanism","Pamphlets--Georgia--Atlanta","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Atlanta","Audio amplifiers--Georgia--Atlanta","Racism--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in employment--Georgia--Atlanta","Fascism--Georgia--Atlanta","Children--Georgia--Atlanta","Infants--Georgia--Atlanta","Political activists--Georgia--Atlanta","Political activists--Family relationships--Georgia--Atlanta","Offices--Georgia--Atlanta","Sidewalks--Georgia--Atlanta","Pedestrians--Georgia--Atlanta","Police--Georgia--Atlanta","Police, State--Georgia--Atlanta","Police brutality--Georgia--Atlanta","Police--Complaints against--Georgia--Atlanta","Police vehicles--Georgia--Atlanta","Students--Georgia--Atlanta","African American students--Georgia--Atlanta","Student strikes--Georgia--Atlanta","Students--Political activity--Georgia--Atlanta","African American students--Political activity--Georgia--Atlanta","Student protesters--Georgia--Atlanta","Student activities--Georgia--Atlanta","Student movements--Georgia--Atlanta","College students--Georgia--Atlanta","Junior college students--Georgia--Atlanta","College presidents--Georgia--Atlanta","Teachers--Georgia--Atlanta","College teachers--Georgia--Atlanta","College teachers--Employment--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Georgia","Clergy--Georgia","Contracts--Georgia--Atlanta","Teachers' contracts--Georgia--Atlanta","College buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","College campuses--Georgia--Atlanta","College facilitites--Georgia--Atlanta","Church buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","African American churches--Georgia--Atlanta","Commencement ceremonies--Georgia--Atlanta","Intimidation--Georgia--Atlanta","Arrest--Georgia--Atlanta","Imprisonment--Georgia--Atlanta","Trials--Georgia--Atlanta","Lawyers--Georgia--Atlanta","Possession (Law)--Georgia--Atlanta","Trespass--Georgia--Atlanta","Right of property--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Television journalists--Georgia--Atlanta","African American television journalists--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Georgia--Social conditions--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Atlanta Junior College students who want charges against students dropped and an attorney comments on the situation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1978 June 22"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38120"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38120"],"dcterms_temporal":["1978-06-22"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn38120, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Atlanta Junior College students who want charges against students dropped and an attorney comments on the situation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1978 June 22, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0030, 21:52/38:16, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 16 mins., 24 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Thomas, Jim","Thompson, Edwin A.","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Busbee, George, 1927-2004","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn23733","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Pauline Newnan commenting on continued housing discrimination against African Americans in Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 September 4","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Elder, Walt","Newnan, Pauline"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1973-09-04"],"dcterms_description":["Mrs. Newnan comments on the continuation of Black housing discrimination in Atlanta","Reporter: Elder, Walt","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn23733"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in housing--Georgia--Atlanta","Race relations","Interviews--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Pauline Newnan commenting on continued housing discrimination against African Americans in Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 September 4"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn23733"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn23733"],"dcterms_temporal":["1973-09-04"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn23733, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Pauline Newnan commenting on continued housing discrimination against African Americans in Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 September 4, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1965, 54:58/57:41, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 mins., 43 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Elder, Walt","Newnan, Pauline"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn23270","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of civil rights activist Hosea Williams addressing a crowd of picketers and conducting an interview with Dick Horner regarding civil rights advocacy and negotiation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 August 6","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Horner, Dick","Williams, Hosea, 1926-2000"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1973-08-06"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from Atlanta, Georgia, August 6, 1973, Hosea Williams addresses a crowd picketing outside a building, differentiates grassroots and direct action activism from civil rights-related negotiations administered by more moderate civil rights organizations, and aligns his ongoing efforts with the work of the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.","The clip begins with several silent shots. First, an elderly African American gentleman sits and leans up against a pair of crutches. This is followed by several shots of busy city sidewalks and crosswalks populated mostly by African Americans. Next, Hosea Williams, the executive director of the DeKalb/Metro-Atlanta branch of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) speaks into press microphones amidst a crowd of picketers, reporters, and cameramen. He is standing at the entrance of a building, and is wearing a handwritten protest sign hung around his neck (it is not fully legible, but includes the words \"Metro-DeKalb SCLC\"); an African American cameraman is filming events with a camera wrapped in clear plastic to protect it from the rain. It is not clear what building is being picketed. Two Atlanta police department station wagons are shown parked along the curb; next, a group of protesters carrying umbrellas walk along the sidewalk in the rain; they are wearing signs around their necks (the text on the signs is not legible).","The next shot begins with sound. Hosea Williams is seated behind a desk. Speaking to reporter Dick Horner, Williams describes the civil rights advocacy process as he sees it. He explains that, in order for organizations such as the National Urban League, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the YMCA to be able to effectively negotiate civil rights causes \"at the table,\" there must be enough pressure created by a social demand for change. This pressure, Williams states, can only be cultivated through direct action in the street, which Williams generates by leading marches and demonstrations; he notes that \"power is never relinquished; it is always taken.\" After direct action efforts successfully elevate the social pressure necessary to engage government officials and business leaders; these leaders will in turn negotiate with members of the aforementioned civil rights organizations and ultimately respond to demands. Williams asserts that his activism is consistent with the efforts led by the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., whom he acknowledges as his teacher; he points out that \"Dr. King was out in the street. He taught me what I am doing.\" Williams emphasizes that he is continuing King's work.","The last shot in the clip is silent; it is taken from behind Hosea Williams' desk. The back of Williams' head is shown as he continues to speak and gesture with his hands. Reporter Dick Horner is seated at the opposite side of Williams' desk, holding a microphone. The shot ends as the camera zooms in on Horner.","In 1973, Hosea Williams, executive director of the DeKalb/Metro-Atlanta branch of SCLC, participated in more than nineteen strikes throughout the city of Atlanta, either as a strike coordinator, or as a consultant for others who sought his experience in handling labor disputes. The previous year, Williams founded the Poor People's Union of America to further combat racial discrimination and unfair labor practices in Atlanta-area businesses, and to help secure job stability, pensions, and health care benefits for Atlanta's working poor. By continuing to direct public attention to economic and labor disparities through nonviolent direct action, Williams upheld the late Dr. Martin Luther King's legacy by continuing the anti-poverty work that King had committed to at the end of his life.","Reporter: Horner, Dick","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn23270"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","Race relations","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta--Economic conditions","Older people--Georgia--Atlanta","Older African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","African American neighborhoods--Georgia--Atlanta","City and town life--United States--20th century","Community life--United States--20th century","Community activists--Georgia--Atlanta","Pedestrians--Georgia--Atlanta","Sidewalks--Georgia--Atlanta","Crutches--Georgia--Atlanta","Demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Direct action--Georgia--Atlanta","Picketing--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest marches--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest movements--Georgia--Atlanta--History--20th century","Police vehicles--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta--History--20th century","African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","Civil rights--United States","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers","Civil rights workers--United States","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Clergy--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Georgia--Atlanta","Labor leaders--Georgia--Atlanta","African American labor leaders--Georgia--Atlanta","Negotiation--Georgia--Atlanta","Rain and rainfall--Georgia--Atlanta","Desks--Georgia--Atlanta","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Camera operators--Georgia--Atlanta","Georgia--Race relations","Georgia--Race relations--History--20th century","Georgia--Social conditions--20th century","United States--Social conditions--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of civil rights activist Hosea Williams addressing a crowd of picketers and conducting an interview with Dick Horner regarding civil rights advocacy and negotiation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 August 6"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn23270"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn23270"],"dcterms_temporal":["1973-08-06"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn23270, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of civil rights activist Hosea Williams addressing a crowd of picketers and conducting an interview with Dick Horner regarding civil rights advocacy and negotiation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 August 6, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1957, 25:25/27:07, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 42 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Horner, Dick","Williams, Hosea, 1926-2000","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Influence"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn22686","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of civil rights leaders Joseph Lowery, and J. D . Grier with Police chief John Inman as he announces efforts to recruit more African American policemen, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 June 29","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Elder, Walt","Inman, John (John F.)","Lowery, Joseph (Joseph E.)","Grier, J. D."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1973-06-29"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip dated June 29, 1973, civil rights leaders Reverend Joseph Lowery and Reverend J. D. Grier join Atlanta police chief John Inman in a press conference encouraging African Americans to apply for available positions as police officers.","The series of clips is divided into three segments. The first segment begins at a press conference, where Reverend Joseph Lowery, vice chairman of Atlanta's Community Relations Commission, an organization functioning as a liaison between City Hall and African Americans city residents, notes that only one hundred twenty-one African Americans have been hired in the Atlanta police department in the past year. He remarks that the disparity between black and white officers on the police force will never be eliminated if the rate of hire for African American remains the same. Lowery also notes that more than two hundred eighty-one white officers have been hired in the past three years, a number that is greater than the total number of African American officers on the force. Speaking on behalf of members of the Commission, Lowery emphasizes that their position does not demand a reduction in the number of white police officers, but rather serves as an urgent call to increase the hiring of African American officers, which, Lowery adds, are necessary for effective law enforcement and public safety in the Atlanta community. Next, Reverend J. D. Grier proposes a doubling of efforts to hire more African Americans, and pledges to place one hundred African American candidates among the one hundred seventy-two vacant officer positions. Next, Atlanta police chief John F. Inman expresses his disappointment in the number of African American applicants seeking employment in available patrolman positions. He appeals to prospective recruits by emphasizing that work as a patrolman is an important service to the Atlanta community, and remarks that the police department needs more African American applicants for the positions that are available.","The second segment of the clip is b-roll footage that includes shots of several officials gathered behind the dais where Lowery, Grier and Inman are seated. The third segment of the clip includes assorted silent shots of the press conference and its preparation, taken from different locations.","As with most Atlanta city departments in the early 1970s, the Atlanta police department was slow to integrate, and inadequate hiring and promotion practices left the city with a police force that was vastly underrepresented by African American officers. Reports of police brutality in black neighborhoods underscored the department's unpopularity with African American residents. Atlanta's Community Relations Commission attempted to initiate an affirmative action program throughout Atlanta's city agencies; however, the police department failed to implement these practices, and remained sharply divided along racial lines. Police chief John F. Inman exacerbated the bureau's tensions by replacing high-ranking African American department officials and demoting members of the Afro-American Patrolman's League who had participated in a discrimination lawsuit against the department.","In an attempt to facilitate affirmative action within the police department and better represent the city's African American population, mayor Maynard Jackson reorganized the city's law enforcement divisions, and with a new Atlanta city charter, created a public safety department that superseded the authority of the police department. In doing so, Jackson effectively eliminated police chief Inman's ability to control hiring and promotion. Jackson's intervention greatly accelerated the integration of the Atlanta police force, although personnel shortages and ongoing disputes over the development and maintenance of a racially balanced, merit-driven police bureau continued to challenge the city well into future decades.","Reporter: Elder, Walt","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn22686"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Police--Georgia--Atlanta","African American police--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in employment--Georgia--Atlanta","Affirmative action programs--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Police administration--Georgia--Atlanta","Police-community relations--Georgia--Atlanta","Police recruits--Georgia--Atlanta","Employees--Recruiting--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in law enforcement--Georgia--Atlanta","Minorities--Employment--Georgia--Atlanta","Municipal officials and employees--Georgia--Atlanta","Minority municipal officials and employees--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights--History--20th century","African Americans--Employment","Blacks--Employment--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in employment--Georgia","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Georgia","Clergy--Georgia","Community leadership--Georgia--Atlanta","Community activists--Georgia--Atlanta","Civic leaders--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Police chiefs--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of civil rights leaders Joseph Lowery, and J. D . Grier with Police chief John Inman as he announces efforts to recruit more African American policemen, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 June 29"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn22686"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn22686"],"dcterms_temporal":["1973-06-29"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn22686, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of civil rights leaders Joseph Lowery, and J. D . Grier with Police chief John Inman as he announces efforts to recruit more African American policemen, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 June 29, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1947, 5:34/07:14, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 40 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (b-roll): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (about 29 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Elder, Walt","Inman, John (John F.)","Lowery, Joseph E.","Grier, J. D."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn20982","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Jesse Jackson talking about the civil rights movement's change in tactics, West Hunter Street Baptist Church, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 March 4","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Elder, Walt","Jackson, Jesse, 1941-"],"dcterms_spatial":["China, 35.0, 105.0","Soviet Union, 51.220643, 51.363519","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Illinois, Cook County, Chicago, 41.85003, -87.65005"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1973-03-04"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip dated March 4, 1973, Reverend Jesse Jackson speaks to a group of Atlanta reporters about building coalitions amongst national civil rights groups to represent the needs of poor people; reuniting with Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy after having left the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); the proposed elimination of social services on the part of the Nixon administration; the negotiating power of African American consumers; and about the civil rights movement's focus on securing economic equity for African Americans.","The clip is divided into three segments. The first segment of the clip, just under one minute long, begins with Reverend Jesse Jackson, president of People United to Save Humanity (PUSH), standing amongst a group of reporters in front of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church in Atlanta, where Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy, president of SCLC, is pastor.  Speaking into several microphones that reporters have held in front of him, Jackson says \"I think that we have no choice but to act . . . if we do act, there is no guarantee that we will win, but if we don't act, there is a guarantee that we will lose.  I think that we have always been able to organize around programs and around oppression rather than just organize around organizations. In other words, there is no real purpose served for a group of organizations just to sit in a room and talk about what they ought to do. But if there's a dire need, such as there is now to dramatize the plight of poor people, and to raise it up high in the consciousness of people in this country, then around need we come together.\" This is followed by approximately fifteen seconds of b-roll footage that begins with a shot of people walking out of the West Hunter Street Baptist church, then by a shot of several women standing in front of the church. Next, a shot taken from across the street reveals a crowd of people standing in front of the church; the crowd spills from the sidewalk into the street. A television camera operator walks through the group of people as he carries a camera on his shoulder, and the segment ends.","The second segment of the clip, less than one minute long, begins with approximately thirty seconds of b-roll footage that includes a shot of the facade of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church. An African American couple crosses the street in front of the church, and proceeds to enter the building. Next, the camera zooms in on the sign posted in front of the church, which reads: \"West Hunter Street Baptist Church. Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy, Pastor. Sunday - March 4, 1973 10:45 A.M. - Working worship Rev. Jesse Jackson Chicago Illinois Holy communion 7:00 P.M. Baptism welcome.\"  Next, the camera focuses on the church facade, and zooms in on the front doors of the church; a group of parishioners exit the building, and cross the road in front of the church. Next, Jackson responds to questions from the same cluster of African American reporters, standing in the same location as in the first segment of the clip.  The first question that he responds to is not recorded. Jackson then responds \"Well I think that we must get the maximum amount of people involved. In other words, labor is affected adversely by the President's budget, poor white folks, poor black folk, poor brown folk, students, and parents . . . as well as the organizations, you know, that represent these people from time to time.  So if we pull all these forces together, we have the capacity to make this nation take us into account. We must do it.\" Jackson turns to another reporter in anticipation of another question, and the clip ends.","The third segment of the clip, approximately three and a half minutes long, includes more footage of Jackson responding to questions from reporters at the same location in front of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church. The clip begins with Jackson promoting the strength and success of relationships established between PUSH, SCLC, and other social service organizations. Next, an African American reporter, presumably WSB reporter Walt Elder, asks Jackson about his split with Abernathy, and if his visit to Abernathy's church in Atlanta signified a mend in their relationship. Jackson asserts that he and Abernathy had no personal conflicts, and that the two leaders had mutually ventured to build a new organizational relationship. He affirms that those who had sensed a conflict between the two leaders are now pleased to see them working together; he is pleased as well. Elder then follows up his previous question by asking about the efficacy of the coalition between PUSH and SCLC; his question is cut short by a break in the clip. Next, another African American reporter asks a question about Jackson's impression of the African American community; the beginning of his question is not recorded. Jackson opines that the Nixon administration has spent \"a far greater commitment to expanding the opportunities for the rich in China and Russia, in terms of more cheap labor bases and cheap labor markets.\"  Referring to the Nixon administration's proposed cuts to social services, he adds \"there are four white persons for every one black person affected by what Nixon's proposing . . . when black folks are hungry, we demand steak and gravy. The white folks demand Jim Crow.\" He then advocates organizing against companies that profit from African American consumers, yet refuse to place African Americans in positions of leadership, noting \"if we began to consolidate our consumer strength, we could bring most of these giants down to their knees.\" Elder asks Jackson for his opinion about whether or not he thinks the civil rights movement ended after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Jackson replies that the movement has \"been in a valley,\" one reason for this being that African Americans \"have basically won our civil rights, as a matter of protecting them.\" Following up, Jackson says \"Now we have the right to go to any school in America, but we can't pay the tuition. We have the right to move into any neighborhood, but we can't pay the house notes. So we have now entered a civil economics era. And where we would have gone to the Justice Department seeking the right to vote in [19]65, or we'd have gone to the Supreme Court dealing with school desegregation in [19]54, and we would have gone to HEW [the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare] to deal with the War on Poverty in the middle [19]60s. Now we're talking about going to the Treasury Department, and the Commerce Department, and the Labor Department. The whole emphasis of the movement has shifted . . .\" Elder asks Jackson to clarify his point by asking \"And you're saying that it was never over, it's just been the shift that's taken place?\" Jackson responds \"Well, not only has it not been over, but a lot of activity has gone on, but the focus of the nation has shifted from civil rights as a priority. The nation has been more preoccupied with killing in Vietnam than it has healing in America.\" Jackson's further comments are cut off at the end of the clip.","On March 4, 1973, Reverend Jesse Jackson, president of PUSH, spoke at West Hunter Street Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia, a visit that reunited him with Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy, the church's pastor, and president of SCLC. The renewed alliance of the two civil rights leaders was part of an organized effort of national civil rights groups to unite in protest against the Nixon administration's proposed elimination of federal social welfare programs. Jackson, a former member of SCLC, was chosen by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1966 to lead the Chicago offices of Operation Breadbasket, an SCLC initiative that envisioned and utilized the bargaining power of African American church leaders and their congregations to negotiate fair employment for African Americans in their local communities. Having made the Chicago program a success, Jackson rose to become Operation Breadbasket's national director in 1967. Jackson served in this position until 1971, when he resigned from SCLC over disagreements with Abernathy about fundraising and relocating Operation Breadbasket's headquarters to Atlanta (Abernathy having since become SCLC's president after King's assassination). Remaining in Chicago, Jackson restructured Operation Breadbasket resources to create Operation PUSH (originally People United to Save Humanity, then revised to People United to Serve Humanity). PUSH expanded upon Operation Breadbasket's mission to strengthen economic opportunities for African Americans in the business community by also seeking and developing social and political prospects for African Americans.","Reporter: Elder, Walt","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn20982"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American men--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Georgia--Atlanta","Pedestrians--Georgia--Atlanta","Television camera operators--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Church buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Facades--Georgia--Atlanta","Church doors--Georgia--Atlanta","Church doorways--Georgia--Atlanta","African American churches--Georgia--Atlanta","City churches--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Illinois--Chicago","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Illinois--Chicago","Civil rights--Religious aspects--Christianity","Church and social problems","Church and social problems--Georgia--Atlanta","Church and social problems--Protestant churches","Church and the press--Georgia--Atlanta","Church attendance--Georgia--Atlanta","Church membership--Georgia--Atlanta","Church history--20th century","Church publicity--Georgia--Atlanta","Church public relations--Georgia--Atlanta","Church work with African Americans","Church work with African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","Church work with the poor","Church work with the poor--Georgia--Atlanta","Coalitions--Georgia--Atlanta","Coalitions--Illinois--Chicago","Church signs--Georgia--Atlanta","Christian leadership","Christian leadership--Georgia--Atlanta","Reunions--Georgia--Atlanta","Reconciliation","Economic assistance, Domestic--United States","Public welfare--United States","Social policy","City and town life--United States--20th century","Community life--United States--20th century","Civic improvement--United States--20th century","Political culture--United States--20th century","Political participation--United States--20th century","Poverty--Government policy--United States--History--20th century","Economic assistance, Domestic--United States--History--20th century","Poverty--United States","Poverty--Georgia","Social service--Georgia--Atlanta","Community-based social services--Georgia--Atlanta","African American consumers--Georgia--Atlanta","Consumers--Georgia--Atlanta","Boycotts--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Public opinion","Business relocation--Economic aspects--United States","Working class--United States--History--20th century","African Americans--Employment--History","Labor--United States--History","Civil rights workers--Illinois--Chicago","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Attitudes","African American civil rights workers--Attitudes","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Baptists--Georgia--Atlanta","Baptist church buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Poverty--Georgia--United States","United States--Politics and government--1969-1974","United States--Economic conditions--1969-1974","United States--Social policy, 37.3328872, -121.8878623","United States--Economic policy","United States--Social conditions--20th century","United States--Politics and government--20th century","Soviet Union--Foreign relations--1953-1975","China--Foreign relations--1949-1976","United States--Foreign economic relations--China","China--Foreign economic relations--United States","United States--Foreign economic relations--Soviet Union","Soviet Union--Foreign economic relations--United States"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Jesse Jackson talking about the civil rights movement's change in tactics, West Hunter Street Baptist Church, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 March 4"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn20982"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn20982"],"dcterms_temporal":["1973-03-04"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn20982, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Jesse Jackson talking about the civil rights movement's change in tactics, West Hunter Street Baptist Church, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 March 4, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1914, 45:51/46:45, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 54 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (about 53 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (b-roll): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Elder, Walt","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Jackson, Jesse, 1941-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn68770","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Jimmy Carter opposed to busing to achieve desegregation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1972 November 26","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Singer, Don","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1972-11-26"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip dated November 26, 1972, Georgia governor Jimmy Carter is interviewed by reporter Don Singer at an event at the Georgia governor's mansion. Carter expresses support for a recent court ruling that has suspended the implementation of school busing to achieve desegregation in the Atlanta school system; he also expresses a desire for new gubernatorial leadership in Georgia when his term ends. There are also several scenes of event staff and guests in attendance at the governor's party.","The clip is divided into three segments, all filmed at the governor's mansion in Atlanta. The first section of the clip begins with Georgia governor Jimmy Carter responding to a question about school busing posed by WSB reporter Don Singer. The question is not captured in the recording, and Carter's response to it is only partially recorded. Carter expresses that \"they\" are seeking some way to guarantee a way for black and white children to obtain \"a superior education and lack of discrimination and unfairness without the mandatory moving of students from one part of a city to another.\" Confessing \"this is not an easy question to answer,\" Carter expresses support for the position of the courts, who, in his opinion, appear to have eased up on the enforcement of busing to achieve desegregation in schools. Here, he is presumably referring to the recent stay issued by the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals to halt desegregation plans that included citywide busing for students in the Atlanta school system. Carter claims to have \"always opposed the massive busing of students to achieve any sort of artificial racial balance,\" and believes it is bad for both black and white students. He also disagrees with busing because it \"removes the parents from influence and from the participation in the community school environment.\" Next, reporter Don Singer notes that Governor Carter will propose a bill to the state legislature requesting forty-five-million dollars of state aid for education; with this money, Carter hopes to improve equal opportunity and education for Georgia students.","The second section of the clip is b-roll footage of the event at the Governor's mansion, which includes several groups of the Governor's guests mingling together around tables where food and drinks are being served. There are several closeups of event attendees, including a pianist and a woman serving drinks from a punchbowl.","The third section of the clip begins with a shot of Governor Carter at the entrance of the governor's mansion greeting guests as they arrive at the event; this is followed by more b-roll footage of the event, which includes assorted shots of guests being served punch, speaking to Governor Carter, and fraternizing together. The b-roll footage ends, and the camera returns to reporter Don Singer interviewing Governor Carter. Carter responds to a question from Singer that was not recorded, presumably about the governor's re-election plans. Carter answers \"No, I don't see that as a possibility,\" and smiles. Singer follows up with the previous question by asking the governor \"why not;\" Carter replies that he thinks that, after the next legislative session, he will have completed everything that he has set out to do, and that he will have fulfilled \"every promise\" that he has made to the people of Georgia. He says\"we have had unbelievably good luck in the legislature getting our programs passed,\" and notes that the state will be in good shape for the next two years. Out of the next legislative session, he anticipates a substantial reduction in taxes, a \"big goal\" of his, specifically in regards to property taxes. He professes that to return would be \"anticlimactic,\" and asserts that Georgia needs \"a new kind of leadership.\" He notes \"Georgia never has been willing to bring back an ex-governor,\" and expresses hope that Georgia voters will not do so in the future (referring to Georgia gubernatorial term limitations as defined by the Georgia Constitution, which restricted governors to serving one four-year term; the state constitution was amended in 1977, at which point governors were permitted to serve two consecutive terms). At the end of his last statement, Carter smiles broadly at Singer, the audio drops from the clip, and the clip ends.","Attempts to desegregate the Atlanta schools and implement Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas began as early as the 1958 desegregation lawsuit Calhoun v. Latimer. However, sustained resistance from the Atlanta Board of Education and segregationist state and local government officials necessitated decades of constant legal pressure before meaningful integration of the school system was achieved. In 1971, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of busing to achieve integration in the case Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education. Following Swann's precedent, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund submitted a desegregation plan to Atlanta's district courts that included busing and hiring strategies to eliminate all single-race schools, and improve African American faculty and staff ratios throughout the school system. The board, opposed to the scale of the proposal, offered instead to increase the number of new positions for black administrators. In June of 1972, the Legal Defense Fund rejected the school board's compromise, and the district courts rejected the Legal Defense Fund's plan. The Legal Defense Fund appealed to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, and bolstered their efforts by consolidating the Calhoun v. Latimer case (now Calhoun v. Cook) with an American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) case, Armour v. Nix, seeking desegregation in a new, federated school system that would incorporate Atlanta's African American schools inside the city, and the new \"white flight\" schools established in the northernmost and southernmost suburbs of Fulton County. The joining of these two lawsuits precipitated Fifth Circuit rulings in both August and October of 1972 that ordered compliance with Swann, as well as more extensive faculty and staff integration. In November of 1972, however, implementation of these rulings was halted after the Fifth Circuit issued a stay order pending the resolution of several similar desegregation cases in other cities.","Reporter: Singer, Don","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn68770"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors--Georgia","De facto school segregation--Georgia","Segregation--Georgia","Busing for school integration--Georgia","Official residences--Georgia--Atlanta","Governors--Dwellings--Georgia","Education--Political aspects--Georgia","Busing for school integration--Georgia--Atlanta","Buses--Georgia--Atlanta","Public opinion--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in education--Georgia--Atlanta","School integration--Southern States","School integration--Georgia--Atlanta","School integration--Law and legislation--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation in education--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation in education--Law and legislation--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation in education--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","African Americans--Education--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Social conditions","Race relations","Race discrimination--Law and legislation--Georgia--Atlanta--History--20th century","Parents--Georgia--Atlanta","African American parents--Georgia--Atlanta","Parents, White--Georgia--Atlanta","School choice--Georgia--Atlanta","School choice--Law and legislation--Georgia--Atlanta","Legislation--Georgia--Atlanta","Bills, Legislative--Georgia--Atlanta","Courts--Georgia--Atlanta","Entertaining--Georgia--Atlanta","Parties--Georgia--Atlanta","Pianists--Georgia--Atlanta","Piano--Georgia--Atlanta","Punches (Beverages)--Georgia--Atlanta","Hospitality--Georgia--Atlanta","Government aid to education--Georgia--Atlanta","Taxation--Georgia--Atlanta","Property tax--Georgia--Atlanta","Doorways--Georgia--Atlanta","Governors--Term of office--Georgia","Press--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Television journalists--Georgia--Atlanta","Television cameras--Georgia--Atlanta","Georgia--Race relations--History--20th century","Southern States--Race relations","Georgia--Race relations","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Jimmy Carter opposed to busing to achieve desegregation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1972 November 26"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn68770"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn68770"],"dcterms_temporal":["1972-11-26"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn68770, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Jimmy Carter opposed to busing to achieve desegregation, Atlanta, Georgia, 1972 November 26, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1884, 37:12/38:23, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 11 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (b-roll): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (about 1 mins., 30 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Singer, Don","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn64199","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Jim Whipkey interviewing civil rights leader Andrew Young about race in the United States and the possibility of an African American president, Atlanta, Georgia, 1971 September 26","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Whipkey, Jim","Young, Andrew, 1932-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1971-09-26"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from September 26, 1971 reporter Jim Whipkey interviews Andrew Young in Atlanta, Georgia about race in the United States and the possibility of an African American president.","The clip is divided into three parts. The first part begins with Andrew Young commenting about people concerned with the United States. His comment is not completely recorded. The clip breaks and the camera focuses on Young's hands. Young speaks about secrecy in the United States and the challenge for people to speak freely when they worry about what the press might report in a situation. After another pause, Young mentions the need for the Democratic Party in the United States to remember that African Americans are strategically spread throughout the country. He refers to a comment made by politician Julian Bond that in 1960, no one would have thought a Catholic or someone of Polish descent could be elected president of the United States. But, Young continues, in 1960 John F. Kennedy, a Catholic, was elected. Young explains that in the United States we have to move to a position where a person can be elected based on merit and not on race or national origin. Reporter Whipkey asks Young if he thinks an African American could be elected president of the United States. Young asserts that he believes it will happen \"in our lifetime.\" The b-roll for this clip shows reporter Jim Whipkey sitting outside a building listening to Young speak. It is silent.","During the second part of the clip, Whipkey asks Young about charges that meetings Young recently participated in are \"reverse racist.\" Young explains that there are several organizations around the country that focus on the needs of various racial and ethnic communities. He claims the United States is a composite of many races. He rejects the \"melting pot\" analogy, preferring to compare the country to a stew where individual components preserve integrity and identity. The clip ends with Young declaring his preference for stew over soup.","Andrew Young has worked as a minister, a leader in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, mayor, congressman, and ambassador. Young was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, and now resides in Atlanta.","Reporter: Whipkey, Jim","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn64199"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Interviews--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights movements--United States","Race relations","Presidents--United States","African Americans--Politics and government","United States--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Jim Whipkey interviewing civil rights leader Andrew Young about race in the United States and the possibility of an African American president, Atlanta, Georgia, 1971 September 26"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn64199"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn64199"],"dcterms_temporal":["1971-09-26"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn64199, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Jim Whipkey interviewing civil rights leader Andrew Young about race in the United States and the possibility of an African American president, Atlanta, Georgia, 1971 September 26, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1767, 16:26/17:47, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 21 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (b-roll): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (about 1 mins., 9 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Whipkey, Jim","Young, Andrew, 1932-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38203","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Huey Newton commenting on the possibility of moving the Black Panther Party headquarters to Atlanta, Georgia, 1971 September 8","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, California, Placer County, 39.06343, -120.71766","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1971-09-08"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from September 8, 1971, Black Panther Party minister for defense Huey Newton announces that the Black Panther Party is considering relocating their central headquarters to Atlanta, Georgia; responds to questions about his high-profile trial for voluntary manslaughter in California; acknowledges prominent Black Panther members and allies who have been killed or imprisoned; expresses enthusiasm for working with Atlanta civil rights groups; and presents evidence of his surveillance by law enforcement officials. Newton also opines on political activism, the justice system, drug trafficking, and government transgressions. Multiple segments of the clip appear to be out of sequence, and the audio track is inconsistent; some comments are not completely recorded.","The clip, which is approximately eleven minutes long, begins with a press conference in Atlanta, Georgia, where Huey Newton comments \"I was so impressed with the people here and the fact that sixty-five percent are black, and the progressive thinking and actions of so many people,\" and recognizes a local Baptist minister. After a break in the clip, Newton announces that he is in Atlanta \"in order to lay the foundation\" for a Black Panther Party move to the city. He says that the move \"might take place within the next six-month period,\" noting that he is rushed on his current visit, due to his upcoming trial back in California, referring to his second retrial in a high-profile case where he was charged with the voluntary manslaughter of an Oakland police officer. The conference is held inside of the Atlanta Black Panther Party offices on 2041 Dunwoody Street, S.E.; the wall behind Newton is covered with pages of Black Panther Party newspapers that include the Black Panther Party emblem and a front page cover of California prison activist and party member George Jackson, who was killed during a prison outbreak two weeks prior to the press conference. Newton is dressed in a light blue shirt and black leather jacket, traditional Black Panther attire.","The clip breaks, then jumps to a shot at the beginning of the press conference, where Newton and three unidentified African American men seat themselves at a table outfitted with microphones and audio equipment. Several technicians make adjustments to the equipment as Newton prepares to speak. Next, Newton says that he is \"happy to be here, I'm always happy to be here among my people.\" The clip breaks, and the audio drops out. Next, an African American member of the audience sits amidst a series of electrical cords and audiovisual equipment with his back to the camera; a white photographer holding a camera is visible in the right corner of the shot. This is followed by several shots of Newton and his colleagues taken from different places in the room where the press conference is being held; the room is crowded with reporters. Next, the camera closes in tightly on Newton's hand gestures, and moves to capture the two men sitting at the table on Newton's right.","The audio track resumes, and Newton formally states \"I would like to announce that the Black Panther Party is contemplating moving . . . its central headquarters to Atlanta, Georgia.\" After a break in the clip, a reporter asks Newton about why the Black Panther headquarters would be moving from the West to the Southeast, though the question is incompletely recorded; the clip breaks before Newton responds to the question. Next, Newton, now standing behind the table where the press conference is being held, holds a small silver-tipped baton; he occasionally gestures with it. He updates a member of the press about the status of his upcoming retrial, and refers to the prosecution's misplacement of his law book, a piece of evidence from the crime scene. Newton then thanks the audience, and ends the press conference. The clip breaks, and the audio track drops again. The clip resumes with another shot of Newton's hand gestures, taken from another angle. This is followed by a shot of a white photographer, who is seated next to the table used for the press conference. It is unclear whether this segment was filmed before or after the press conference.","The clip proceeds with several short silent segments of Newton, his colleagues, and members of the audience taken at different intervals and vantage points throughout the press conference. Another shot of Newton's hand gestures, and several shots of the room housing the press conference are interspersed with these segments. The sound returns to the clip. An audio technician performs a sound check for several seconds; this is followed by a quick shot of the empty press conference area. Next, Newton refers briefly to poor people; the clip jumps, and Newton mentions the Black Panther Party children's breakfast program, held daily at the Atlanta Black Panther Party office; he invites members of the community to participate in the program. Newton then expresses an interest in working \"side by side\" with other Atlanta civil rights groups. He announces that the conference is open-ended, and pays tribute to \"a few people that should be on everyone's mind,\" members and allies of the Black Panther Party who were recently incarcerated or killed. He recognizes Black Panther Party chief of staff David Hilliard, whom he refers to as a \"political prisoner,\" incarcerated in California for his part in a 1968 shootout; he then acknowledges several individuals who were imprisoned for allegedly attempting to release the late prison activist and Black Panther Party member George Jackson from Soledad prison; these include Ruchell Magee, Fleeta Drumgo, and John Cluchette. He briefly memorializes Jackson, then mentions political activist Angela Davis, who had also been charged for complicity in the case. Newton then recognizes an Atlanta Black Panther Party member and Vietnam veteran who was incarcerated six years for a purse theft; he calls the severity of the sentence \"ridiculous,\" and questions the justice of the court, which he describes as being \"tainted with the same kind of racism that's general here in America.\"","He begins to explain that the party has gone through many transitions, and that it has had many contradictions; the clip breaks, and a reporter poses a question about when the Black Panther Party intends to move to Atlanta; the clip breaks again before Newton offers a response. Next, another reporter comments that Newton sounds confident about returning to Atlanta, and asks if he is also confident about being acquitted at his upcoming trial. Newton replies that he expects an acquittal, comments \"I should never have been tried in the first place,\" explains that it is his fourth trial in the case, and describes his treatment as \"very unfair,\" \"cruel and unusual punishment,\" and \"typical of the treatment of the victims, and people who are politically minded and progressive in their actions. . .\" The clip breaks again, and Newton comments, presumably about the proposed Atlanta move of Black Panther Party headquarters,\" I think it's only natural and logical for the liberation move and the focal point to be in the South.\" Another reporter asks Newton about the overall Black Panther Party program; Newton informs him of the party's Ten Point Program platform. The clip breaks, and Newton delivers his opinions about the role of political parties in effecting social change; he describes the Black Panther Party's role as a \"beacon light or spark that will mobilize the masses of the people who always make the change and make world history\"; he then comments on political groups, their influence on people, and identifying political victims. A reporter poses another question pertaining to a congressional committee that is truncated by a break in the clip. Another comment of Newton's is only partially recorded; here, Newton says \"people will be alienated from us, but people join. So not only will they say that we're not dangerous at all . . . they hope that our ranks will fall.\" This is presumably a response to a recent statement made by the FBI that the Black Panther Party was no longer a threat.","Newton then displays a surveillance bulletin generated by police wire services; he describes it as a \"hot tip\" and \"the kind of thing to set one up for assassination.\" He reads the contents of the bulletin, which reveal his location, his travel companions, flight information, and planned activities. The bulletin alleges that members of his party are in possession of submachine guns. Newton comments again, presumably about the FBI, \"First place, they know very well that we're already searched when we get onto the airplane, and how in the world would you take a submachine gun with the metal detectors and all of the other security devices? So, judging just from the objective fact, I would say that they're insincere in their statements about us, whether they say we're most dangerous, or we're not dangerous at all. I would like to agree with them, that we're not dangerous to those who love freedom and justice for all. We're dangerous to those who are against freedom, those who stand for injustice. I think we're dangerous because the truth is dangerous. Truth is certainly dangerous.\" The clip breaks here, and resumes with Newton expressing his opinions about colonialism, drug trafficking, the social impact of the drug trade, and the complicity of the Nixon administration in that trade. The clip breaks, and jumps back to Newton discussing his upcoming trial, and the loss of his law book as evidence by state prosecutors. The camera initially focuses on Newton's hands, where he gestures with his baton. The camera then pans up and zooms out to show Newton, standing behind the table where the press conference was held, accompanied by his colleagues. He criticizes the actions of the court regarding his prosecution, noting \"they had stolen evidence, which was unlawful, that I was carrying, when the police attempted to murder me. Suddenly this law book disappeared; it was drenched in blood and had my name inside. When they stole it the first time, they said it was a police log book until they opened it in court and my name was inside. It was in the streets where the police shot me . . .\" The clip ends in the middle of Newton's statement.","On September 8, 1971, Black Panther Party minister of defense Huey Newton spoke at a press conference organized at Atlanta's Black Panther Party offices. Newton had considered relocating the Black Panther headquarters from Oakland, California, to Atlanta, Georgia, with the goal of sharing resources and equipment with other civil rights organizations, particularly Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); he also expressed an interest in moving to Atlanta based upon his belief that the core of the civil rights struggle was in the South. The Black Panther Party was also in the midst of a major party schism, based upon ideological differences between party leaders Newton and Eldridge Cleaver. Newton's visit to Atlanta was short, as he was due to return to California, where a protracted legal battle had taken place since 1968, when Newton was charged with first degree murder in the shooting death of Oakland police officer John Frey. The jury found him guilty of voluntary manslaughter, a lesser charge. Newton served two years in jail, until he was released on appeal in 1970, and a new trial was ordered by the appellate court. A first retrial ended in a hung jury on August 8, 1971; in the second retrial, the case against Newton was dismissed. At this time, the Black Panther Party, like many other civil rights groups, was a target of COINTELPRO, an FBI counterintelligence campaign designed to neutralize dissident political organizations, discredit their leaders, and disrupt alliances by manufacturing suspicion and distrust. In 1971, intense disagreements amongst Black Panther Party members had resulted in acts of violent retribution, many of which were instigated by COINTELPRO tactics designed to exploit political and personal conflicts within the party. High-ranking members of the party had also been killed, some in police raids organized by the FBI, or in events provoked by federal agents.","Regional Black Panther Party branches provided social programs in underserved African American communities, known as \"community survival programs\"; the most popular being their children's breakfast program. The party also built alliances with prisoners and former convicts, and identified incarcerated party members as \"political prisoners.\" Two weeks prior to Newton's press conference in Atlanta, the nation's best-known Black Panther inmate, George Jackson, was killed during an escape attempt from San Quentin prison on August 21, 1971; Jackson had become famous for his alleged role in the riot resulting in the death of a white guard in California's Soledad prison, and for his published prison letters and essays, which revealed his compelling personal and political transformation as a convict. Prominent Black Panthers and allies like Angela Davis (who had also been imprisoned, then exonerated for her alleged role in an attempt to release Jackson from prison that ended in violence) became passionate advocates for prisoners' rights and reformation of the racial inequities in the criminal justice system.","Title supplied by cataloger.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for digital conversion and description of the WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":["wsbn38203"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of: Civil Rights Digital Library."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Civil rights","African Americans--Economic conditions","African Americans--Economic conditions--20th century","Social movements--United States","Black power--United States","Black nationalism--United States","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Social reformers--Georgia--Atlanta","Courts--California","Courts--Georgia--Atlanta","Crime scene searches--California","Evidence, Criminal--California","Theft--California","Lost articles--California","Police brutality--California","Police power--United States","Police patrol--Surveillance operations","Trials--California","Trials (Manslaughter)--California","Trials (Conspiracy)--California","Trials (Murder)--California","Jury--California","Appellate courts--California","Appellate procedure--California","Prisons--United States","Prisoners--United States","Prisoners--United States--California","Prisoners--United States--Georgia","Political prisoners--United States","Political prisoners--United States--California","Government, Resistance to--United States","Political crimes and offenses--United States--20th century","Political persecution--United States--20th century","Political crimes and offenses--Investigation--United States--20th century","Violent crimes--United States--20th century","Violent crimes--California--20th century","Criminal investigation--United States--History--20th century","Crime--Georgia--20th century","Crime--California--20th century","Imprisonment--California--20th century","Imprisonment--Georgia--20th century","Criminals--Rehabilitation--United States","Criminal justice, Administration of--United States","Discrimination in criminal justice administration--United States","Firearms","Airports--Defense measures","African American prisoners--Georgia--Atlanta","African American prisoners--California","Cruelty","Prison reformers--United States","African American social reformers--United States","African American women social reformers--United States","African American political activists--United States","African American women political activists--United States","Civil rights--United States","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--California","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--California","African American civil rights workers--Violence against--United States","Civil rights movements--California","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Race relations","Racism--United States--History--20th century","Black power--Georgia","Black nationalism--Georgia","African Americans--Politics and government--20th century","African American leadership--Government policy--20th century","Black militant organizations--Government policy--United States","Black Panther Party--Uniforms","Black Panther Party--Insignia","African American radicals--Georgia--Atlanta","African American radicals--California","African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","African Americans--Services for--20th century","Poor--Georgia--Atlanta","Poor--Services for--Georgia--Atlanta","Food relief--Georgia--Atlanta","Community life--Georgia--Atlanta","Political participation--Georgia--Atlanta","Community activists--Georgia--Atlanta","Business relocation--Planning","Photographers--Georgia--Atlanta","Photojournalists--Georgia--Atlanta","United States--Race relations--History--20th century","Southern States--Race relations--History--20th century","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Black Panther Party","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","Soledad Correctional Training Facility","Newton, Huey P.--Trials, litigation, etc.","Newton, Huey P.--Imprisonment","Hilliard, David--Trials, litigation, etc.","Hilliard, David--Imprisonment","Davis, Angela Y. (Angela Yvonne), 1944- --Imprisonment","Davis, Angela Y. (Angela Yvonne), 1944- --Trials, litigation, etc.","Jackson, George, 1941-1971--Death and burial","Magee, Ruchell--Imprisonment","Magee, Ruchell--Trials, litigation, etc.","Drumgo, Fleeta, 1945- --Imprisonment","Drumgo, Fleeta, 1945- --Trials, litigation, etc.","Clutchette, John, 1943- --Imprisonment","Clutchette, John, 1943- --Trials, litigation, etc.","Soledad Brothers"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Huey Newton commenting on the possibility of moving the Black Panther Party headquarters to Atlanta, Georgia, 1971 September 8"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38203"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38203"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Huey Newton commenting on the possibility of moving the Black Panther Party headquarters to Atlanta, Georgia, 1971 September 8, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0039, 00:00/11:28, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga, as presented in the Digital Library of Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 11 min.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Newton, Huey P.","Hilliard, David","Davis, Angela Y. (Angela Yvonne), 1944-","Jackson, George, 1941-1971","Magee, Ruchell","Drumgo, Fleeta, 1945-","Clutchette, John, 1943-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn64008","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Huey P. Newton, co-founder of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, at a press conference announcing the move of the Panther's headquarters to Atlanta, Georgia, 1971 September 8","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Newton, Huey P."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1971-09-08"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from September 8, 1971, Huey P. Newton, co-founder of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, speaks at a press conference where he announces plans to move the party's headquarters from Oakland, California to Atlanta, Georgia.","As the clip begins, Newton and another African American man walk into a room and sit down at a table. Both men wear leather jackets. Elsewhere in the room, reporters and cameramen crowd together to record the press conference. Behind Newton are newspaper clippings and posters advertising the Black Panther Party. Newton declares his intention of looking \"to the South for the thrust of Black liberation.\" He explains the party chose Atlanta as its new headquarters because of the large African American population in the city. According to Newton, the Panther party needs a large African American population \"in order to start to control our community.\" Newton also points to the South as the place where slavery started, citing the first African American arrival in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. Newton suggests that one must \"return to the original scene of the crime in order to correct the crime.\"","Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense in October 1966 in Oakland, California. The party's philosophy focused on armed resistance to societal oppression, rejecting the nonviolent tradition the Civil Rights movement had developed. The Black Panther Party called for \"land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice, and peace.\" Although the party played an important role in the culture of the 1960s and early 1970s, its strength declined through the 1970s.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn64008"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Civil rights","African Americans--Economic conditions","Social movements--United States","Black power--United States","Black nationalism--United States","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Social reformers--Georgia--Atlanta","Southern States--Race relations--History--20th century","United States--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Huey P. Newton, co-founder of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, at a press conference announcing the move of the Panther's headquarters to Atlanta, Georgia, 1971 September 8"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn64008"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn64008"],"dcterms_temporal":["1971-09-08"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn64008, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Huey P. Newton, co-founder of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, at a press conference announcing the move of the Panther's headquarters to Atlanta, Georgia, 1971 September 8, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1762, 27:57/28:53, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 56 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Newton, Huey P."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58179","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Jimmy Carter condemning Hosea Williams for creating racial unrest in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 June 21","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Carter, Jimmy, 1924-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Georgia, Muscogee County, Columbus, 32.46098, -84.98771"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1971-06-21"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from June 21, 1971, Georgia governor Jimmy Carter addresses a news conference, and updates reporters on conditions in Columbus, Georgia, where a series of race riots have taken place. Carter attributes an impasse in community negotiations to the actions of civil rights activist Hosea Williams.","The clip begins with several silent shots of Governor Carter, seated at his desk, where he is attended by a staff member. Resting along the wall behind him beneath a large round seal are several framed documents and a handcrafted representation of the Georgia state flag. He speaks into an array of microphones. Next, a shot taken from behind Carter captures a small group of reporters seated in front the governor's desk. The next shot opens with sound. Here, Carter explains that it is difficult for two groups. \"black and white, or otherwise\" to negotiate successfully without the eagerness of their leaders to achieve a solution. He states that he personally does not believe that Hosea Williams is seeking a solution, or that he is trying to establish communication between the African American and white communities of Columbus. Instead, Carter thinks that Williams' motive is to gain personal publicity and \"create dissension.\" He says that Williams' actions make it \"very difficult\" for members of Columbus' African American community members \"with a legitimate grievance\" to resolve issues with white leaders attempting to avoid disturbances in their communities, or to meet \"legitimate grievances\" on the part of African Americans.","During the summer of 1971, violence broke out in Columbus, Georgia, a response to a series of racially motivated suspensions and firings in the Columbus police department, and the city's subsequent failure to address the grievances of African American officers. Led by Hosea Williams, the regional vice president and national executive director of the Atlanta-based Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), members of SCLC came to Columbus and helped organize nonviolent protest activities in support of the city's African American policemen. Even though these events were peaceful, cumulative racial tension gave way to looting, brick-throwing, and firebombing that impacted Columbus for days. Williams persistently demanded accountability from Columbus' white officials regarding institutional racism and police violence in African American neighborhoods. Those same officials viewed him as an outside agitator, and blamed him for inciting violence, derailing negotiations between local community leaders, and delaying a restoration of order. The rioting escalated on June 21, 1971, when a white officer shot and killed a twenty-year old African American youth after an alleged armed robbery. In response to the continuing violence, the Columbus City Council invoked an emergency ordinance, and Columbus mayor J. R. Allen declared a citywide state of emergency, during which an evening curfew was imposed, and the sale of firearms and liquor were prohibited. State involvement in the crisis, under the authority of Governor Carter, included the dispatch of riot-trained Georgia state patrolmen to Columbus, and an appeal to Georgia governor George Wallace to halt liquor sales in neighboring Phenix City, Alabama.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn58179"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors","Governors--Georgia","Race relations","Race riots--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus","Georgia--Politics and government","Municipal government--Georgia--Columbus","Municipal officials and employees--Georgia--Columbus","Negotiation--Georgia--Columbus","Civic leaders--Georgia--Columbus","African American civic leaders--Georgia--Columbus","Community activists--Georgia--Columbus","Political activists--Georgia","African American political activists--Georgia","African American clergy--Georgia","Clergy--Georgia","Communities--Georgia--Columbus","Community leadership--Georgia--Columbus","Community power--Georgia--Columbus","Social conflict--Georgia--Columbus","Polarization (Social Sciences)--Georgia--Columbus","Communication--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Communication","Whites--Communication","Race discrimination--Georgia--Columbus","Racism--Georgia--Columbus","Whites--Georgia--Columbus","Prejudices--Georgia--Columbus","Demonstrations--Georgia--Columbus","Direct action--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights workers","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Columbus","African American civil rights workers","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--20th century","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--1964-1975","Whites--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--20th century","Whites--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--1964-1975","Riots--Georgia--Columbus","Riots--Georgia--Columbus--History--20th century","Race riots--United States--History--20th century","Social influence","Publicity--Georgia--Columbus","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Press--Georgia--Atlanta","Emblems, State--Georgia","Flags--United States--States","Flags--Georgia","Microphone","United States--Race relations","Georgia--Race relations","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Georgia--Social conditions--1960-1980"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Jimmy Carter condemning Hosea Williams for creating racial unrest in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 June 21"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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At the head of the table are Clarence Coleman, an unidentified African American man and a white woman, seated in front of a row of microphones. Coleman, seated at the head and center of the table, acknowledges other attendees of the press conference by pointing to them as he speaks into a table microphone. A large banner with the National Urban League emblem hangs on the wall behind the table.","The next section of the clip contains sound. Here, Clarence Coleman addresses the press conference, reading from a prepared statement. Coleman reports that the major findings of a study on Augusta conducted by the National Urban League determine that Augusta and Richmond County, Georgia, \"like nearly all similar political units in the United States,\" is \"fundamentally a dual community\" divided by race: affluent whites possesses the decisionmaking power for the entire population; African Americans, on the other hand, are poor, and lack the power to determine city policy, goals, or priorities.","Coleman notes that civil disturbances are a \"sure way by which frustrated people can, at least temporarily, exert a rather commanding influence, negative though it may be, over the immediate directions and functions over the larger community.\" He goes on to report that the National Urban League's recommendations primarily address the immediate necessity to establish mechanisms that ensure the African American community shares an equal voice in creating and implementing policy, beginning with the upper levels of Augusta and Richmond County government. He concludes that the study calls for the establishment of a biracial community relations task force to be appointed by the mayor and county commission chairman, and granted full subpoena and enforcement powers to act on all matters involving racial and social discrimination.","The National Urban League was founded in New York City in 1910 as a nonpartisan and interracial social service organization, formed to serve the growing African American population in search of employment and housing in New York City. Many of the city's new African American residents had arrived from the rural South as part of the Great Migration, and as they transitioned to city life, required vocational training and social guidance. Local affilates of the National Urban League were soon founded in cities throughout the country. While cultivating powerful alliances with American economic, political, and philanthropic institutions, the agency established itself as a resource for African Americans through social services and advocacy which included sponsoring vocational education programs, training African American social workers, negotiating increased African American employment throughout American corporations, and pressuring government services, labor unions, the military, and the defense industry to cease discriminatory practices. National Urban League staff also conducted investigations of the social, economic, and political conditions of urban African Americans, analyzed and interpreted the findings, and made government policy recommendations. During the 1960s, the National Urban League made advocacy for poor African Americans its top priority. Whitney Young, the organization's president from 1961-1971, proposed a \"domestic Marshall Plan\" in 1964, which influenced President Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty legislation. The organization's tax-exempt status prohibited its full participation in political protests, differentiating it from political civil rights organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). The National Urban League still aligned itself with the Civil Rights Movement by sponsoring leadership training and voter education projects, making office space available to civil rights leaders, and co-sponsoring events such as the 1963 March on Washington and the 1968 Poor People's Campaign. As of 2010, the National Urban League continues to advocate for policy on civil rights and racial justice issues, and provides programs and services for African Americans and urban communities.","On March 30, 1971, the National Urban League delivered the results of a report commissioned by Augusta's city council as part of a response to a massive city crisis the previous year. In May, 1970, public outcry against the torture and murder of an African American teenager held in the Augusta jail by Augusta's African American community deteriorated into riots and police violence. Six African American men were shot in the back by policemen, and more than fifty fires were set in businesses owned by white and Chinese merchants in Augusta. Though most of the recommendations in the Urban League's report were ignored by the predominantly white city council, Augusta ultimately managed to establish biracial commissions to investigate racial inequality and division throughout the city.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn62843"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["County government--Georgia--Augusta","Race relations","African Americans--Georgia--Augusta","Discrimination--Georgia--Augusta","County government--Georgia--Richmond County","Whites--Georgia--Augusta","African Americans--Georgia--Social conditions--20th century","Whites--Georgia--Social conditions--20th century","Race discrimination--Georgia--Augusta","Prejudices--Georgia--Augusta","Social conflict--Georgia--Augusta.","Interpersonal confrontation--Georgia--Augusta","Segregation--Georgia--Augusta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Augusta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Augusta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Riots--Georgia--Augusta","Race riots--Georgia--Augusta","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Social services--Georgia","Community-based social services--Georgia","Social services--Georgia--Atlanta","Social services--Georgia--Augusta","Community-based social services--Georgia--Atlanta","Community-based social services--Georgia--Augusta","City and town life--Georgia--Augusta--20th century","Community life--Georgia--Augusta--20th century","Civic improvement--Georgia--Augusta--20th century","Political culture--Georgia--Augusta--20th century","Microphone"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Clarence Coleman, southeast regional director of the National Urban League, asking for a biracial community relations committee in Augusta, Georgia, 1971 March 30"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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