{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn63589","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Jim Whipkey commenting on a civil rights demonstration in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 July 31","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Whipkey, Jim"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Muscogee County, Columbus, 32.46098, -84.98771"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1971-07-31"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from July 31, 1971, reporter Jim Whipkey comments on a civil rights demonstration during a summer of racial unrest in Columbus, Georgia.","Part one begins with the camera focused on an intersection where cars wait for a street light to change. Reporter Jim Whipkey begins commenting on the racial unrest in Columbus as the camera pulls back to focus on him. According to Whipkey, city officials in Columbus believe the months of racial unrest in the city may be over. Whipkey explains that unrest in the community began in earlier in the year; in May, seven African American police officers were fired for removing the United States flag from their uniforms. The climax of the conflict, Whipkey continues, came  July 30, 1971, when nearly one hundred African Americans who tried to hold a march to city hall were met with \"a show of force that left no doubts\" and were \"immediately arrested.\" The clip jumps to scenes from the day before. State patrolmen in helmets walk two-by-two down the street. An off-screen voice identifies himself as the director of public safety. The voice also announces he has a restraining order against the demonstration. City officials had obtained a restraining order from a local judge preventing one of the march's leaders from participating in any civil rights demonstrations. The camera then shows a line of African American demonstrators singing and clapping. The demonstrators sing \"Ain't gonna let nobody turn me round.\" A patrolman with a helmet, face visor, and bullhorn announces that the demonstrators are under arrest and instructs the other officers to load the buses. The patrolmen begin leading African American demonstrators toward waiting buses. The arrested African Americans hold their hands in the air as they walk to the buses. White patrolmen frisk people as they get on the bus. In the background, a patrolman with a rifle guards those who are being put on the bus.","The b-roll begins with Jim Whipkey with a microphone around his neck standing in front of the county jail. Singing and clapping demonstrators are heard from the jail. Whipkey indicates that white and African American leaders were worried about more violence the night before, after the demonstrators at city hall had been arrested. However, there was no violence. Whipkey reports that the racial unrest in Columbus has been expensive. He counts that cost of feeding and housing prisoners, state patrolmen, and overtime pay for police officers as nearly two million dollars. According to Whipkey, Columbus city officials are trying to get funding help from the United States government. Whipkey comments that the ninety-one demonstrators arrested the previous day are still in jail. They have been denied bond because one of the charges against the demonstrators is contempt of court for violating the restraining order against demonstrating. He recounts that the arrested demonstrator sang and chanted most of the night and are still doing so.","Racial unrest flared in Columbus, Georgia in the spring of 1971. The Afro-American Police League, a local organization of Black police officers, filed a lawsuit against the county and began holding demonstrations at city hall after patrolman John L. Brooks was suspended from the force for failing to appear at a court hearing for a traffic case he made. Brooks alleged he had not attended the hearing because he was ill. On May 31, seven African American police officers protesting the lack of justice in the department ripped the American flag off of their uniforms. Charges of discrimination made by the police league included the segregation of patrol cars, the the department's choice to only assign African American officers to beats in African American neighborhoods, and the use of discriminatory tests and written and oral exams for employment and promotion. They also pointed to the disparity in racial representation in the department's force; less than eleven percent of the officers were African American while thirty-five percent of Columbus was African American.","Reporter: Whipkey, Jim","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn63589"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American police--Georgia--Columbus","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Songs and music","African American men--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Columbus","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Columbus","Arrest--Georgia--Columbus","Jails--Georgia--Columbus","Police, State--Georgia","Police vehicles--Georgia--Columbus","Bail--Georgia--Columbus","Ain't gonna let nobody turn me around (Song)","Discrimination in employment--Georgia--Columbus"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Jim Whipkey commenting on a civil rights demonstration in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 July 31"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn63589"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn63589"],"dcterms_temporal":["1971-07-31"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn63589, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Jim Whipkey commenting on a civil rights demonstration in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 July 31, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1750, 30:49/32:40, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 51 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (b-roll about 54 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Whipkey, Jim"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn59632","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Jim Whipkey interviewing entertainer James Brown following riots in Augusta, Georgia, 1970 May 13","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Whipkey, Jim"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Richmond County, Augusta, 33.47097, -81.97484"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1970-05-13"],"dcterms_description":["Reporter: Whipkey, Jim.","In this WSB newsfilm clip from May 13, 1970, reporter Jim Whipkey interviews entertainer James Brown following Brown's attempts to help end a race riot in Augusta, Georgia.","The clip begins showing a night scene and reporter Jim Whipkey standing outside of a store. Whipkey indicates that a curfew in Augusta has worked to prevent further rioting in the city. Whipkey explains that on Monday, May 11, 1971, \"these streets were filled with rioters, looters, and burners.\" In response to the riot, Whipkey continues, the Georgia National Guard and local police patrolled the business district and white neighborhoods while local white and African American leaders \"tried to work out their differences.\" Whipkey reports that the following night, Tuesday, May 12, saw more fires set and crowds dispersed. He explains that African American entertainer James Brown came to his hometown to encourage people to calm down and stop rioting. Whipkey indicates that Brown had a calming influence on the community.","Next, Whipkey interviews James Brown. Brown encourages leaders and residents to show respect for each other and to try to work for a solution. He believes that people can find \"a medium of reason where we can understand each other\" and stresses the importance of cooperation, especially in a situation in which people are dying. The clip concludes with Whipkey again commenting on the situation. He reports that Brown has left the city and that the African American citizens have \"cooled it.\" He reports the stark facts that \"six men are dead, fifty-one businesses have been burned,\" and Augusta is still under curfew.","On Saturday, May 9, 1970, Charles Oatman, a sixteen-year-old African American, died in the Richmond County jail. Although his death was initially blamed on a fall from his cell bunk, the coroner and Oatman's father found signs of torture when they examined the body. The African American community in Augusta had repeatedly endured police brutality, wrongful arrest, and mistreatment in the county and city jails. Oatman's death outraged the community; that anger grew when instead of pursuing an investigation, Sheriff E.R. Atkins charged two of Oatman's cellmates, also black teenagers, in his death. On Monday, May 11, 1970, several local African American leaders marched to the Municipal Building and met with county officials. When Sheriff Atkins announced his charges, the large crowd of African Americans who waited outside during the meeting became angry. They tore down the Georgia flag, which at the time incorporated the Confederate battle flag, and burned it. The crowd moved downtown and the violence escalated from overturning garbage cans to throwing rocks at passing cars to pulling people out of cars and beating them. That afternoon and evening, more than fifty fires were set in businesses owned by white and Chinese merchants in the African American district. At about one o'clock in the morning Governor Maddox sent Georgia National Guardsmen and state highway patrolmen to Augusta. During the rioting that night, six African American men were shot in the back by policemen. Although there were claims of snipers during the rioting, no policemen, National Guardsmen, or patrolmen were shot by African Americans during the rioting. The next day, Augusta mayor Millard Beckum instituted a 9 pm to 5 am curfew that remained in place the rest of the week as guardsmen continued to patrol the street. There were fewer incidents. Elsewhere in the country, students and demonstrators had been shot and killed at Kent State in Ohio a week earlier and in Jackson, Mississippi three days later.","Title supplied by cataloger.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for digital conversion and description of the WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn59632"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Race relations","Race riots--Georgia--Augusta","Police--Georgia--Augusta","African American men--Violence against--Georgia--Augusta","Fires--Georgia--Augusta","Buildings--Fire and fire prevention--Georgia--Augusta","African American entertainers--Georgia--Augusta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Augusta","Interviews--Georgia--Augusta","Police, State--Georgia","Curfews--Georgia--Augusta","Criminal justice, Administration of--Georgia--Augusta","Augusta (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Georgia. National Guard"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Jim Whipkey interviewing entertainer James Brown following riots in Augusta, Georgia, 1970 May 13"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn59632"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn59632"],"dcterms_temporal":["1970-05-13"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn59632, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Jim Whipkey interviewing entertainer James Brown following riots in Augusta, Georgia, 1970 May 13, wsbnWalter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 3 min.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Whipkey, Jim","Brown, James, 1933-2006"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49973","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of a demonstration protesting the Georgia legislature's refusal to seat Julian Bond, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 14","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1966-01-14"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from a march held in Atlanta, Georgia on January 14, 1966, marchers protest the Georgia legislature's refusal to allow Julian Bond to serve in the legislature, and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaks to the demonstrators. The first segment of clips begins with a silent portion where the crowd of demonstrators helps a car back through the group and then walks behind the car. People line the sidewalk and step over handbills on the ground. Georgia state troopers wearing helmets line the capitol steps; demonstrators cheer, talk, and walk past the troopers. Some of the demonstrators hold signs with the slogans \"Dissent is not treason\" and \"Freedom of speech was lynched here Monday.\"  A man hands out papers to the passing crowd in front of the capitol building. In an audio section of the clip, the crowd cheers and chants as they march past troopers on the capitol steps, and an African American man speaks to the troopers, but his comments are not recorded. At a podium in front of the crowd, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. proclaims the demonstrators' support for Julian Bond. He continues after a break in the clip by affirming that African Americans supporting Bond and working for civil rights love the United States. The love of America, King declares, leads demonstrators to work, suffer, and even die in order to right the wrongs in the country, including to help seat Julian Bond in the Georgia legislature; the crowd cheers in response to King's comments. The second segment begins with the crowd singing freedom songs. Demonstrators passing troopers lined up on the steps of the capitol cheer and hold a sign with the slogan \"Seat 136th,\" referring to the district which elected Julian Bond. King speaks again but his comments are not completely recorded. A young woman holds a sign with the slogan \"Justice died in the House of Representatives;\" the sign shows an empty chair. The clip ends with the crowd marching, cheering in front of the state troopers, and stepping over leaflets on the ground.\u003cp\u003eJulian Bond, SNCC communications director, was elected to the 136th district of the Georgia legislature in November 1965, one of ten African Americans elected to the legislature that year. After publicly endorsing the SNCC anti-Vietnam statement stating respect for those who burned their draft cards, members of the House of Representatives voted one hundred eighty-four to twelve to not allow Bond to serve in the House on January 10, the first day of the legislative session. Later that year the United States Supreme Court ruled that Bond's statement was within his first amendment rights, and the Georgia legislature had to seat him. Bond served as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1965 to 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn49973"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest marches--Georgia--Atlanta","Police, State--Georgia","Legislators--Georgia","African Americans--Politics and government","Picketing--Georgia--Atlanta","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of a demonstration protesting the Georgia legislature's refusal to seat Julian Bond, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 14"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49973"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49973"],"dcterms_temporal":["1966-01-14"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn49973, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of a demonstration protesting the Georgia legislature's refusal to seat Julian Bond, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 14, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1346, 15:13/18:28, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 3 mins., 15 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (about 45 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Bond, Julian, 1940-2015"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49971","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of demonstrators protesting against the legislature for refusing to allow Julian Bond to serve as well as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking to the audience, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 14","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1966-01-14"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from a march held in Atlanta, Georgia on January 14, 1966, marchers protest the Georgia legislature's refusal to allow Julian Bond to serve in the House of Representatives, and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaks to the demonstrators. Chanting \"Freedom!\" as they march, the crowd follows cars with headlights on; the marchers are bundled up in warm clothes. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King walk with the demonstrators who wave and cheer as they surround the capitol building. The group is also seen in front of Central Presbyterian Church, across the street from the capitol building. An African American man, seen from behind, appears to speak to state troopers. King's comments from a podium in front of the crowd are not completely recorded. He declares the participants \"reaffirm the sacred right of freedom of speech and the right to dissent\" before the clip breaks. He asserts that as people who love America, demonstrators will seek moral representatives in government and encourage morality in the country. The crowd cheers as he repeats the refrain \"we love America.\"  The clip returns to a silent section, showing crowds in front of the capitol building, people stepping over discarded handbills, and troopers lined up on the steps to keep people out of the building. Troopers in helmets watch as demonstrators cheer and walk into city hall. Julian Bond, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) communications director, was elected to the 136th district of the Georgia legislature in November 1965, one of ten African Americans elected to the legislature that year. After Bond publicly endorsed the SNCC anti-Vietnam statement and said he respected those who burned their draft cards, members of the House of Representatives voted one hundred eighty-four to twelve to not allow Bond to serve in the House on January 10, the first day of the legislative session. Later that year the United States Supreme Court ruled that Bond's statement was within his first amendment rights, and the Georgia legislature had to seat him. Bond served as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1965 to 1975.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn49971"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest marches--Georgia--Atlanta","Police, State--Georgia","Legislators--Georgia","African Americans--Politics and government","Freedom of speech--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregationists--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of demonstrators protesting against the legislature for refusing to allow Julian Bond to serve as well as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking to the audience, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 14"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49971"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn49971"],"dcterms_temporal":["1966-01-14"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn49971, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of demonstrators protesting against the legislature for refusing to allow Julian Bond to serve as well as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking to the audience, Atlanta, Georgia, 1966 January 14, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1346, 22:06/24:31, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 mins., 25 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","King, Coretta Scott, 1927-2006","Bond, Julian, 1940-2015"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39376","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students protesting continued school segregation in Crawfordville, Taliferro County, Georgia, 1965 October 5","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Taliaferro County, Crawfordville, 33.55402, -82.89598"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-10-05"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on October 5, 1965, African American students protest continued school segregation at the bus stop for white students, at the county's former white school, and by holding a nighttime march.","The clip begins with a brief image of African American students sitting on the lawn in front of a building. Next, a Taliaferro County school bus drives down a street, and Georgia Highway Patrolmen watch the bus as it drives by. Other patrolmen surround a group of African American high school students who are protesting continued school segregation in the county. White students watch the patrolmen and African American students through the school bus window as it drives by. After eighty-eight African American students applied to transfer from the African American Murden High School to the white Alexander Stephens Institute as part of scheduled school desegregation, all of the white students from the county transferred to schools in neighboring counties, and the county school board closed the white school. All this was done without telling the African American students; by the time the African American students found out, school registration in neighboring counties had already closed. The African American students protested the transfers and avoidance of school desegregation by gathering every morning at the bus stop where white students boarded buses to travel to school in neighboring counties. The African American students were kept off the buses by Georgia Highway Patrolmen who were sent to Crawfordville to maintain law and order.","After a break in the clip, the camera again focuses on the African American students standing in a cluster surrounded by highway patrolmen. Later, the students still gather together as the patrolmen stand in a group with their backs to the students. One of the students wears a jacket with the slogan \"Freedom S.C.L.C.\" written on the back; a patrolman wears a \"Georgia State Patrol\" patch on his shoulder. Next, white students get out of cars stopped at an intersection and walk toward the house being used as a bus stop. The white students pass patrolmen who stand in front of the African American students. At one point, the camera focuses again on the patrolmen. The image is fuzzy for a few moments. The clip breaks again, and the patrolmen continue to surround the African American students as the group moves around. Patrolmen also stand in front of students and appear to take notes or write tickets. One patrolman stands in front of an African American young man. He asks the boy his age and address. After this exchange, the patrolmen walk away, and the African American students walk the other direction towards cars parked along the side of the road. The students get into cars and drive away.","Next, the African American students march along the outside of the Alexander Stephens Institute, the white school the county closed that fall. The students sing, \"Give me that old time religion\" as they march. The students walk under an awning surrounding the building and then gather in front of the school. Someone directs the students to sit down outside the building. Later a man talks about the future of the school, warning that the county may continue to bus white children to surrounding counties and sell the building or tear it down. He then instructs the students to \"get comfortable\" and look at the books they brought or share with someone who brought a book. One girl reads an article in the Atlanta Constitution newspaper. African American students who had applied for transfer to the county's white school also protested the school's closing by refusing to attend Murden High School and holding a \"Freedom School\" under the direction of volunteers from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).","Finally, the clip ends with silent scenes of a nighttime demonstration. African American demonstrators, including students, appear to listen to speakers and later appear to clap. A white patrolman in a helmet and a white man speak to the demonstrators at one point. An African American man wearing a jean jacket, possibly a member of SCLC delegation,  also speaks to the crowd. A contingent of the SCLC spent time during the summer and fall of 1965 in Crawfordville under the direction of Hosea Williams as part of the SCOPE (Summer Community Organization and Political Education) project. They continued to try and help the African America community in Crawfordville throughout the demonstrations that fall. Later on, African Americans leave a building and head into the darkness. A white man speaks to an African American man who appears to be leading the demonstration. Two African American men stand together and listen to a radio. The demonstrators walk in the darkness and appear to be singing. Following a break in the clip the demonstrators, both African American and a few whites, march in the darkness; two young boys walk with a blanket over their shoulders. The clip ends with a patrolman directing the marchers.","Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, a small predominantly African American community, began experiencing racial problems in the spring of 1965. That spring, the local school board refused to renew the contracts of six African American teachers. While the board did not give a reason for refusing to renew the contracts, members of the African American community asserted it was because of the civil rights activities of the teachers. The teachers had advocated for use of the only gym in the county, located at the white high school, by the county's African American students. Also that spring, eighty-eight African American students applied to transfer from the local African American school to the all-white Alexander Stephens Institute. Although the school was scheduled to desegregate that fall, all of the white students transferred from the Taliaferro County school to schools in surrounding counties. With no white students enrolled in the local school, the county school board closed the white school and sent all of the students who applied for transfer back to Murden High School, the African American high school. Unfortunately, the African American students were not told of these arrangements until after the registration period had passed for the schools in neighboring Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties. African American students protested the continued segregation by refusing to attend the local high school, establishing a Freedom School under the direction of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and holding demonstrations every morning at the central location from which white students were transported to schools in neighboring counties. Finally a federal court appointed state school superintendent Claude Purcell to administer the Taliaferro County schools. Purcell ordered schools in Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties to admit the African American students who had originally applied for school transfers in Taliaferro County. On November 17, 1965, African American students from Taliaferro County began riding the buses with white students to integrated schools in neighboring counties.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn39376"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Busing for school integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","School integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","Segregation in education--Georgia--Crawfordville","African American students--Georgia--Crawfordville","Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Crawfordville","Police, State--Georgia","Automobiles--Georgia--Crawfordville","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Crawfordville","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Crawfordville","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Crawfordville","Buses--Georgia--Crawfordville","Students--Georgia--Crawfordville","Freedom schools--Georgia--Crawfordville"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students protesting continued school segregation in Crawfordville, Taliferro County, Georgia, 1965 October 5"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39376"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn39376"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-10-05"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn39376, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students protesting continued school segregation in Crawfordville, Taliferro County, Georgia, 1965 October 5, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0251, 00:00/13:13, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 13 mins., 13 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn44754","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all white students in the county to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering the school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 October 1","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Taliaferro County, Crawfordville, 33.55402, -82.89598","United States, Georgia, Warren County, Warrenton, 33.40708, -82.66208"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-10-01"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, on October 1, 1965, African American high school students protest continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all white students from the local school to schools in neighboring counties; and in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, white students enter the school and African American students are prevented from doing so by state highway patrolmen.","The clip begins on a wet day in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, near the location where white children gather to board the buses to schools in neighboring counties. State highway patrolmen stand in clusters; many are wearing dark rain coats. A couple of patrolmen stand at the corner and direct traffic. Cars driving white students to the bus stop are allowed to stop and let the children out before they are directed to turn the corner and drive down a perpendicular street. The patrolmen directing traffic open the car doors for the children to get out. White children stand on a porch to avoid the rain as they wait together for the bus. When a school bus approaches the patrolmen at the intersection, the police move out of the way to let the bus continue straight down the street. At later points, students board the bus, and other students peer through the bus windows. At one point, an off-screen voice appears to speak to the cameraman, commenting on the news crews driving back and forth from Atlanta every day and expressing a desire not to participate in violence. Another comment is recorded when students are boarding the bus and one student expresses his displeasure with the camera filming the scene. Several patrolmen stand together and keep a group of African American students away from the bus and the boarding area. The African American students begin clapping and chanting, \"Freedom now!\"","After a break in the clip two buses with their headlights on are seen behind a patrol car. The patrol car pulls forward, and the buses pull away. Later three buses drive down the street. Patrolmen in rain coats appear to stand near someone who is on the ground. The group moves, and the African American protesters get up and walk away towards a car parked along a dirt road. White parents are seen standing in groups on grass along the side of the road. The clip jumps to Warrenton High School in Warren County. For a few moments as the camera focuses on the high school and buses driving towards the school, the clip is washed out. When the image quality returns, cars are seen parked along the road in front of the school and driving down the school. Patrolmen direct traffic and speak to drivers through car windows. At one point a patrolman slams the door of a car before the driver is able to get out of the car. African Americans get out of some of the cars that are parked along the side of the road. A patrolman asks a driver to move on and later asks a group of African Americans for their cooperation.","The clip ends with an exchange between an African American student and a patrolman. The student, Frank Bates, answering the patrolman's questions, explains that he attends a Freedom School this year but last year attended Murden High School in Crawfordville. He expresses his desire to register for school at Warrenton High School. The patrolman forcefully reviews that he told the students the previous day what they had to do to be able to register for school. The students, he continues, cannot register for classes today for the same reasons they could not register the day before. He suggests the students return to their cars and go home. When the students ask why they have to attend \"a segregated school and get a second-class education\" the patrolman replies that the students need to take the issue to the courts. He asserts that he is going to \"keep law and order in Warren County this morning.\"","Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, a small predominantly African American community,began experiencing racial problems in the spring of 1965. That spring, the local school board refused to renew the contracts of six African American teachers. While the board did not give a reason for refusing to renew the contracts, members of the African American community asserted it was because of the civil rights activities of the teachers. The teachers had advocated the chance for the use of the only gym in the county, located at the white high school, by the county's African American students. Also that spring, eighty-eight African American students applied to transfer from the local African American school to the all-white Alexander Stephens Institute. Although the school was scheduled to desegregate that fall, all of the white students transferred from the Taliaferro County school to schools in surrounding counties. With no white students enrolled in the local school, the county school board closed the white school and sent all of the students who applied for transfer back to Murden High School, the African American high school. Unfortunately, the African American students were not told of these arrangements until after the registration period had passed for the schools in neighboring Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties. African American students protested the continued segregation by refusing to attend the local high school, establishing a Freedom School under the direction of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and holding demonstrations every morning at the central location from which white students were transported to schools in neighboring counties. Finally a federal court appointed state school superintendent Claude Purcell to administer the Taliaferro County schools. Purcell ordered schools in Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties to admit the African American students who had originally applied for school transfers in Taliaferro County. On November 17, 1965, African American students from Taliaferro County began riding the buses with white students to integrated schools in neighboring counties.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn44754"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Busing for school integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","School integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","Segregation in education--Georgia--Crawfordville","Busing for school integration--Georgia--Warrenton","School integration--Georgia--Warrenton","Segregation in education--Georgia--Warrenton","African American students--Georgia--Crawfordville","Students--Georgia--Warrenton","Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Crawfordville","Police, State--Georgia","Police--Georgia--Warren County","Automobiles--Georgia--Crawfordville","Automobiles--Georgia--Warrenton","Police vehicles--Georgia--Warrenton"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all white students in the county to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering the school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 October 1"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn44754"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn44754"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-10-01"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn44754, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all white students in the county to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering the school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 October 1, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1039, 00:00/11:38, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 11 mins., 38 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38841","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all local white students to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering a school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 September 25","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Taliaferro County, Crawfordville, 33.55402, -82.89598","United States, Georgia, Warren County, Warrenton, 33.40708, -82.66208"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-09-25"],"dcterms_description":["In this silent WSB newsfilm clip from Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, on September 25, 1965, African American high school students protest continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all white students from the local school to schools in neighboring counties; and in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, white students enter a school and African American students are prevented from doing so by state highway patrolmen.","The clip begins in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, where African American students held daily protests against white students who avoided school integration by transferring to schools in nearby counties. During the first portion of the clip, white spectators watch as white students gather, wait for, and board three school buses. An African American man, possibly a reporter, takes photographs of the scene, and writes down the name and badge number of a state highway patrolman. White Georgia highway patrolmen observe the scene and keep order.","After a break in the clip, the camera again focuses on the Crawfordville make-shift bus stop. White parents continue to watch the white students and the school buses as they drive away. A man, possibly a plain-clothes officer, leads away the African American man who earlier took pictures. Patrolmen direct the buses as they drive away. After the buses drive away, African American students walk in a line two-by-two down the street; many of the students hold books in their arms. A patrolman in a helmet walks beside the students. Later a line of patrolmen walks slowly down the street.","The clip jumps to what appears to be the high school in Warrenton, Warren County. Several white men surround a car as it pulls up. One man tugs on the handle and unsuccessfully tries to open the car door. The men continue to walk beside the car for a few moments and then it drives further down the street. The school is a one-story building with cars parked in the lot in front. More cars park along the sides of the road in front of the school. African American students are kept in their car by a patrolman. Another group of African American students are escorted back to their car by another patrolman. At one point, the camera focuses on a broken egg on the street.","The clip breaks again and returns to show several cars including a highway patrol car driving down the street or parked along the side of the road. A local policeman in a hat with a gun in his holster stands near a car. Five African American students get out of a car. Later, the same car drives away. Following another clip break, the camera focuses on signs for the city limits of Warrenton and warning of a school crossing. Behind the school crossing sign and later seen on its own is the same one-story school seen earlier. Several buses with signs from Warren County pull up to the school and students get off the bus and enter the building. After another break, a school bus from Taliaferro County pulls up to the school, and white students get off the bus and enter. The bus is followed by highway patrol cars. Patrolmen stand in front of the school. Later, the patrolmen escort African American students from the high school towards cars parked along the road in front of the school. The camera briefly focuses on the hands of a patrolman holding a baton. The clip breaks for a final time and returns to patrolmen standing in the road in front of the school. African American students stand near a patrolman and later walk towards and get in a waiting car. A patrolman sits in the front seat of the car and talks to the students sitting in the backseat. Next the African American students get out of the car and talk to a white man. The patrolmen watch the car as it pulls away. The clip ends with the camera focusing on signs for Warren County, Taliaferro County, and the Crawfordville city limits.","Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, a small predominantly African American community,began experiencing racial problems in the spring of 1965. That spring, the local school board refused to renew the contracts of six African American teachers. While the board did not give a reason for refusing to renew the contracts, members of the African American community asserted it was because of the civil rights activities of the teachers. The teachers had advocated the chance for the use of the only gym in the county, located at the white high school, by the county's African American students. Also that spring, eighty-eight African American students applied to transfer from the local African American school to the all-white Alexander Stephens Institute. Although the school was scheduled to desegregate that fall, all of the white students transferred from the Taliaferro County school to schools in surrounding counties. With no white students enrolled in the local school, the county school board closed the white school and sent all of the students who applied for transfer back to Murden High School, the African American high school. Unfortunately, the African American students were not told of these arrangements until after the registration period had passed for the schools in neighboring Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties. African American students protested the continued segregation by refusing to attend the local high school, establishing a Freedom School under the direction of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and holding demonstrations every morning at the central location from which white students were transported to schools in neighboring counties. Finally a federal court appointed state school superintendent Claude Purcell to administer the Taliaferro County schools. Purcell ordered schools in Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties to admit the African American students who had originally applied for school transfers in Taliaferro County. On November 17, 1965, African American students from Taliaferro County began riding the buses with white students to integrated schools in neighboring counties.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn38841"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Busing for school integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","School integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","Segregation in education--Georgia--Crawfordville","Busing for school integration--Georgia--Warrenton","School integration--Georgia--Warrenton","Segregation in education--Georgia--Warrenton","African American students--Georgia--Crawfordville","Students--Georgia--Warrenton","Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Crawfordville","Police, State--Georgia","Police--Georgia--Warren County","Automobiles--Georgia--Crawfordville","Automobiles--Georgia--Warrenton","Police vehicles--Georgia--Warrenton"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all local white students to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering a school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 September 25"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38841"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38841"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-09-25"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn38841, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all local white students to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering a school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 September 25, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0148, 27:50/39:50, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 12 mins.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48435","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Carl Sanders speaking about public safety and voter registration in Americus from his office in Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 August 4","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Georgia, Sumter County, Americus, 32.07239, -84.23269"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-08-04"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from August 4, 1965, Georgia Governor Carl Sanders speaks to reporters from his office in Atlanta, Georgia about public safety and voter registration in Americus, Georgia.  Governor Sanders begins with the issue of public safety by explaining that he has instructed Colonel Lowell Connor, director of the Department of Public Safety, to provide the fullest possible protection for all citizens in Americus.  Sanders is pleased that the Georgia State Highway Patrol has maintained peace and tranquility in Americus for the two weeks it has been there.  He recognizes the full cooperation of citizens who avoid protest areas when they are not participating in demonstrations, and reports that when troopers have been notified of demonstrations, they have been on hand to protect civil rights workers.  Outlining procedure, Sanders explains that troopers are instructed to stop incidents that may occur; they will arrest those who continue to cause trouble and turn them over to local officials.  Speaking of voter registration efforts, Sanders recognizes his responsibility as governor to ensure all citizens are able to register and vote.  He disapproves of those who \"make wild, unfounded statements\" to the press about voter registration efforts rather then following the proper channels, such as filing a complaint with the state voter registration board in Atlanta or the county superior court.  He reports that as of the beginning of the press conference, no one from the civil rights movement has filed an official complaint regarding voter registration.  Sanders discourages the possibility of federal intervention, believing that Georgians can and should retain the autonomy to resolve any issues regarding voter registration.  He appeals to citizens of Sumter County to allow for the exercise of constitutional rights without injury or damage of property in order to facilitate the community's  transition back to normal activities.  The clip also includes Sanders announcing the appointment of James V. Carmichael of Marietta, Cobb County, to the State Board of Regents, a position Carmichael held until 1972.","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48435"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors--Georgia","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Interviews--Georgia--Atlanta","Voter registration--Georgia--Americus","Police, State--Georgia","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Americus","African Americans--Suffrage--Georgia--Americus","Equality before the law--Georgia--Americus","Administrative remedies--Georgia--Americus","Universities and colleges --Administration--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Carl Sanders speaking about public safety and voter registration in Americus from his office in Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 August 4"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48435"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48435"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-08-04"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48435, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Carl Sanders speaking about public safety and voter registration in Americus from his office in Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 August 4, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1304, 47:51/55:23, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 7 mins., 32 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Sanders, Carl Edward, 1925- --Interviews","Conner, H. L. (H. Lowell), 1922-","Carmichael, James Vinson, 1910-1972"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38840","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of the state of community race relations including civil rights demonstrations, a funeral procession, and interviews in Americus, Georgia, 1965 July","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Walker, T. Griffin (Thomas Griffin), 1910-1994","Bolden, Willie, 1938-","Brokaw, Tom","Whatley, Lyda M., 1911-2001"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Sumter County, Americus, 32.07239, -84.23269"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-07"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB newsfilm clips from July 1965, African Americans demonstrate for equal rights and members of the white community attend the funeral for Andrew Whatley, a white youth killed during racial unrest earlier in the week.","The clip begins with a silent portion in which a funeral procession drives down a wet street, a black hearse among the line of cars. Next the camera shows scenes from a civil rights demonstration at a grocery store, possibly a Kwik-Chek in Americus. First, demonstrators push grocery carts through the isles of the store. After this demonstrators walk outside a building led by three African American girls; the demonstrators appear to be singing. Next an interracial group is seen outside of a Kwik-Chek in Americus. A white man stands in front of doors facing a crowd of African Americans. There is some scuffling before state troopers step in and separate the white and African Americans in the group. An African American is seen carrying another man over his shoulder as he walks away from the group.","Later the clip returns to the funeral for Andrew Whatley, a white young man who was shot during racial unrest earlier in the week. White pallbearers carry a casket out of First Baptist Church. Two men walk away from the church with a woman dressed in black between them. Other mourners follow the three out of the church and the hearse drives past the building. Several white policemen in shirtsleeves stand near a car and put their hats on as they walk away. A man is seen lying in the backseat of a car. A police car drives away with several officers inside it.","Next, images of the demonstration inside the store are repeated, interspersed with images of a Colonial Store. The steeple of the First Baptist church is seen through some trees as cars drive past the church; images of the funeral seen earlier are also repeated. Outside the church, a sign advertises the First Baptist church. After this the camera shows scenes from the downtown area of Americus including the Sumter County Courthouse and the state patrol building. Outside the state patrol building is a sign indicating that it is post number ten. Later men are seen outside of the Wiggins Sing Station. The Wiggins Sing Station, on the corner of Lamar and Hampton Streets, was where Andrew Whatley was standing when he was shot and killed.","The sound portion of the clip begins with an interview between reporter Tom Brokaw and Lyda Whatley, the mother of the young man killed during the racial unrest earlier in the week. Mrs. Whatley indicates that her son worked two jobs and sometimes would go out to eat before coming home after work. Whatley reports that her son worked during the day at the Manhattan Shirt Company and in the evenings at the drive-in in town. According to Whatley, she has lived in Americus for thirty-two years and her son was born and raised in the community. The camera briefly focuses on a Georgia State Patrol car before returning to the interview with Brokaw and Mrs. Whatley. Mrs. Whatley explains that her son had been inducted into the Marine Corps the week before and was scheduled to report in November. Brokaw then ends the interview, thanking Mrs. Whatley for her time and expressing his sympathy at her loss. Following a break in the clip Brokaw interviews Americus mayor T. Griffith Walker who implies the demonstrations were uncalled for and asserts \"the question which is at issue is really for the courts.\" Walker also reports that the city police and state troopers are providing protection for the demonstrators.","Next, an African American civil rights leader, possibly Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) worker Willie Bolden, speaks to a gathering of African Americans as state troopers stand behind the crowd. Bolden rejects the idea that demonstrations caused the violence in the community. As he speaks, the camera shows the listening audience. After more images of demonstrators and state troopers, as well as demonstrators singing \"Keep your eyes on the Prize,\" Bolden again speaks to the audience. He expresses regret at the death of Andrew Whatley and reminds his listeners that following the news of Whatley's death, the civil rights movement stopped demonstrating for twenty-four hours. However, Bolden expresses regret that neither the halt in demonstrations nor the death of Whatley has brought any changes in the community. He asserts the demonstrators' desire to be free He also criticizes mayor Walker for taking a personal vacation during the demonstration. Bolden then relates a conversation he had with SCLC leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in which he told King to prepare to come to Americus because \"unless we can solve the problems of this city today, somebody will die very soon.\" Bolden speaks about asking friends from around the country to \"remove this ill from this society.\" Later another civil rights worker speaks, relating the counsel from Governor Carl Sanders that the civil rights workers should solve their problems through the courts instead of demonstrations. The speaker disagrees with this advice and suggest that \"there are also some things that you don't need to work through the courts.\"","After this is another silent portion where men from the Georgia State Patrol stand together in a wooded area and receive instruction from a uniformed officer, drive in patrol cars, and lead an African American man through a doorway. Later Atlanta businessman and segregationist Lester Maddox speaks to a white crowd in a gymnasium. The audience listen and applauds Maddox's speech and is later seen standing outside in the dark. Following a break in the clip the camera focuses on a building with a sign over the doorway announcing the \"Freedom Center.\" An African American boy sits on the bed of a truck; the truck bed is filled with melons. African American demonstrators participate in a daytime march. One of the signs carried by the demonstrators has the slogan \"I don't want to keep my money but you are keeping my rights.\" African Americans sitting on a porch watch the demonstrators. The protesters walk past a state patrol car, through the downtown area, and near the Sumter County Courthouse. At one point the demonstrators stand in a circle and clap their hands and appear to sign. The clip ends with patrolmen and white citizens observing the demonstration.","On July 20, four African American women were arrested for standing in the whites-only line during a county-held special election for Justice of the Peace in Sumter County, Georgia. One of the women arrested was Mary Fishe Bell, the first African American political candidate in Sumter County. After the women's arrest, the Sumter County Movement, the local civil rights organization, held demonstrations three times a day to draw attention to race relations in Americus and to protest the arrest and the mishandling of the election. On July 28, Andrew Whatley, a 21-year-old white Marine recruit was shot to death from a passing car occupied by two African American men. Whatley had been standing with a crowd of whites at Wiggins Sing Station; some of the crowd were throwing rocks at black drivers as they passed.  Whatley's funeral was held on July 31 at First Baptist Church in Americus. After ten days of increasing racial tensions and demonstrations, federal judge W. A. Bootle ordered that the incarcerated women be released and that segregated elections end in Sumter County. African Americans agreed to halt demonstrations in Americus on August 13, 1965.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn38840"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Georgia--Americus","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Americus","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Americus","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Americus","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Americus","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Americus","Civil rights--Georgia--Americus","Funeral rites and ceremonies--Georgia--Americus","Reporters and reporing--Georgia--Americus","Mayors--Georgia--Americus","Governors--Georgia","Police, State--Georgia","Segregation--Georgia--Americus","Interviews--Georgia--Americus","Police vehicles--Georgia--Americus","Protest marches--Georgia--Americus","Rain and rainfall--Georgia--Americus","Boycotts--Georgia--Americus","Race relations","Picketing--Georgia--Americus","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Americus","Direct action--Georgia--Americus","Hearses (Vehicles)--Georgia--Americus","Coffins--Georgia--Americus","Americus (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of the state of community race relations including civil rights demonstrations, a funeral procession, and interviews in Americus, Georgia, 1965 July"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38840"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38840"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-07"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn38840, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of the state of community race relations including civil rights demonstrations, a funeral procession, and interviews in Americus, Georgia, 1965 July, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0148, 00:00/27:45, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 27 mins., 45 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003","Walker, T. Griffin (Thomas Griffin), 1910-1994","Bolden, Willie, 1938-","Whatley, Andrew A., 1941-1965","Brokaw, Tom","Whatley, Lyda M., 1911-2001","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn45411","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of lawyers for civil rights workers charged with the capital offense of insurrection, police, and trial bystanders in Americus, Georgia, 1963 October 31","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Sumter County, Americus, 32.07239, -84.23269"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1963-10-31"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB newsfilm clips from October 31, 1963, civil rights lawyers and residents of Americus, Georgia, enter and exit the federal courthouse where five civil rights workers are charged with the capital offense of violating a Georgia law against \"seditious conspiracy.\"  The clip begins with street views of downtown Americus; later, several young white men enter the federal courthouse, among them is Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) worker Zev Aelony (the hatless man wearing black eyeglasses and a white shirt); still later, African Americans exit a car and stand in front of the building.  After a break in the clip, several young African American women dressed in skirts and blouses walk into the courthouse; as they exit the building later, one of the young women holds hands with a white man, possibly Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) member John Perdew.  Two more white men, one possibly Col. H. L. Conner of the State Highway Patrol, speak outside of the building.  African American lawyers Thomas M. Jackson of Macon, Georgia and Constance B. Motley from the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund in New York, also enter the building.  After another pause in the clip, policemen drive a police car down the street while a racially-mixed group exits the building and African American students wait outside. Several lawyers exit the building at once, including Jackson; Motley; C. B. King of Albany, Georgia; and Donald L. Hollowell of Atlanta, Georgia.  Three SNCC workers in Americus--Donald Harris, John Perdew, and Ralph Allen--were arrested after an August 8 demonstration when Harris refused to obey an officer's order to disperse the crowd.  City officials charged the men with insurrection, unlawful assembly, and rioting.  Later, Zev Aelony, a field worker with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) was also charged with insurrection.  Because insurrection is a capital offense, the four were held in police custody without bail for three months.  Sumter County Movement member Thomas McDaniel was also held during that time for being unable to make the $1000 bond.  Former Atlanta attorney Morris B. Abram, Jr. of New York led a lawsuit to release the five men, and a fourteen-year-old girl who had been held in solitary confinement under different charges.  A three-judge-panel federal court heard the case, and on October 31, 1963, declared the Georgia insurrection law unconstitutional and ordered the release of all six prisoners.","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer"],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn45411"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Trials (Sedition)--Georgia--Americus","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Americus","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Americus","African American lawyers--Georgia","Lawyers--Georgia","African American women--Georgia--Americus","Americus (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Police--Georgia--Americus","Police vehicles--Georgia--Americus","Conspiracy--Georgia--Americus","Government, Resistance to--Georgia--Americus","Assembly, Right of--Georgia--Americus","Riots--Georgia--Americus","African American students--Georgia--Americus","Political crimes and offenses--Georgia--Americus","Police, State--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of lawyers for civil rights workers charged with the capital offense of insurrection, police, and trial bystanders in Americus, Georgia, 1963 October 31"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn45411"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn45411"],"dcterms_temporal":["1963-10-31"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn45411, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of lawyers for civil rights workers charged with the capital offense of insurrection, police, and trial bystanders in Americus, Georgia, 1963 October 31, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1102, 49:34/53:02, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 3 mins., 28 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Perdew, John, 1941-","Conner, H. L. (H. Lowell), 1922-","Jackson, Thomas M. (Thomas Mitchell), 1932-1999","Motley, Constance Baker, 1921-2005","King, C. B. (Chevene Bowers), 1923-1988","Hollowell, Donald L., 1917-2004","Harris, Donald (Donald Stuart)","Allen, Ralph W., 1941-2005","Aelony, Zev, 1938-","McDaniel, Thomas","Perdew, John, 1941- --Trials, litigation, etc.","Harris, Donald S.--Trials, litigation, etc.","Allen, Ralph W., 1941-2005--Trials, litigation, etc.","Aelony, Zev, 1938- --Trials, litigation, etc.","McDaniel, Thomas--Trials, litigation, etc."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42619","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a Georgia Highway Patrolman talking about riot control in Savannah, Georgia, 1963","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Chatham County, Savannah, 32.08354, -81.09983"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1963"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB-TV newsfilm clip dated 1963, an unidentified Georgia state patrolman, presumably a senior officer, answers questions related to having recently dispatched fifty officers to Savannah in response to events that have taken place there. The audio track on the clip is inconsistent; some portions of the questions posed by the reporter are inaudible.","The first few shots in the clip are silent, and capture the officer from several different angles and distances. In the following portion of the clip which contains audio, the officer responds to a reporter (off-screen) that fifty Georgia State Patrolmen have been dispatched to Savannah; some were called late the previous evening, others early in the morning. The clip breaks to a brief shot of a cameraman looking through a television camera, and back to the officer, who says that he believes that the officers are \"fully equipped\" for what he describes as \"this kind of uprising\" with \"hand grenades, night sticks, crash helmets, gas masks, and necessary firearms.\"","In response to a question about whether the officers are capable of dealing with riots (not all of which is audible), the officer explains that some of the patrolmen who have been chosen to handle this event are part of a select group who have received training to address strikes and similar disturbances; he assures that they possess the basic training necessary to respond.","Next, the reporter asks if the officers have been enlisted with any special instructions in regards to what he describes as the \"trouble\" in Savannah. The patrolman replies that they have been given instructions by the officer in charge on the scene; he emphasizes that Georgia state patrolmen will not move into action \"until it is apparent that the local law enforcement officers are unable to cope with the situation,\" and explains that their role is to serve on alert until they are needed. The reporter follows up by asking if law enforcement capabilities in other portions of the state will be impacted by placing so many patrolmen in Savannah; the officer answers that that there is some impact from pulling officers off of traffic enforcement and patrol duty, but overall, there haven't been any significant problems.","At the conclusion of the interview, the reporter steps into the camera frame and asks the officer to \"just sit there for a few more seconds.\" The camera is then turned off and back on again. In the next shot, the officer is no longer present; the reporter then re-records two of his interview questions, this time inside the camera frame.","During the summer of 1963, African Americans in Savannah, Georgia, engaged in numerous confrontational civil rights demonstrations to desegregate the city; these were led primarily by the Savannah National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Chatham County Crusade for Voters (CCCV). Savannah mayor Malcolm MacLean requested state troopers from Georgia governor Carl Sanders; the governor also placed the National Guard on alert. Fifty state patrolmen were called in on a nine-day assignment that lasted from June 18 to June 26; state troopers were asked to return again during a July 11 riot that took place after a demonstration protesting the arrest of Hosea Williams, head of the CCCV. These demonstrations, where more than five hundred protesters were jailed, finally compelled white business leaders to agree to a wide-spread desegregation plan that went into effect on October 1, 1963.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn42619"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Savannah","Police, State--Georgia","Race relations","Race riots--Georgia--Savannah","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Savannah","Discrimination--Georgia--Savannah","Segregation--Georgia--Savannah","Violence--Georgia--Savannah","Violence--Forecasting","Police--Georgia--Savannah","Riot control--Georgia--Savannah","Riot control agents--Georgia--Savannah","Public safety--Georgia--Savannah","Peace officers--Georgia--Savannah","Police administration--Georgia","Communication in law enforcement--Georgia","Police patrol--Specialized units","Police--Training of--Georgia","Police--Equipment and supplies","Self-defense for police--Georgia","Interpersonal confrontation--Georgia--Savannah","Police--Violence against--Georgia--Savannah","Police--Supply and demand--Georgia","Demonstrations--Georgia--Savannah","Reporters and reporting--Georgia","Interviews--Georgia","Television camera operators--Georgia","Television journalists--Georgia","Television cameras","Microphone"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a Georgia Highway Patrolman talking about riot control in Savannah, Georgia, 1963"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42619"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42619"],"dcterms_temporal":["1963"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn42619, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a Georgia Highway Patrolman talking about riot control in Savannah, Georgia, 1963, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0941, 28:24/31:20, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 mins., 56 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn46131","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Lowell Conner, director of the Georgia Department of Public Safety, discussing payment for state troops when they are requested by local governments, Georgia, 1963","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["McClellan, Don","Conner, H. L. (H. Lowell), 1922-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Chatham County, Savannah, 32.08354, -81.09983"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1963"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from 1963, Lowell Conner, director of the Georgia Department of Public Safety, responds to questions about the coverage of expenses related to a recent dispatch of Georgia state troops to Savannah, and how he plans on handling future requests for state police reinforcement.","WSB reporter Don McLellan asks Conner who pays for the lodging and meals of state troopers when they are requested to assist a municipal police force. Conner replies that he can only speak for the past five years, and that the city or county making the request has \"picked up the tab\" for food and lodging, while the Department of Public Safety has covered costs related to transporting officers and equipment. McLellan reports about the defeat of a recent \"local\" bill that would reimburse the city of Savannah for the expense of lodging state troopers who were called in for assistance. He asks McLellan if Savannah officials initially agreed to pay for the food and lodging of the troopers; Conner answers \"yes, they did the same thing. . .\" and is cut off by a break in the clip. McLellan's follow-up question is incompletely recorded; he asks Connor if the agreement with Savannah officials was recorded in writing, and if such agreements are normally placed in writing. Conner responds \"No, I've not had any agreement in writing from any official in cases of that nature.\" He adds that he and Savannah officials discussed a figure of approximately eighteen-thousand dollars, summarizes \"all I can say is that we don't have it,\" and smiles. McLellan asks Conner if he plans to insist upon a written agreement from cities or counties requesting backup from state troopers; Conner responds that he hopes not, and doubts it will be necessary, but acknowledges that \"something will need to be worked out for the future . . .\" Conner's comment is cut short by a break at the end of the clip.","During the summer of 1963, African Americans in Savannah, Georgia, engaged in numerous confrontational civil rights demonstrations to desegregate the city; these were led primarily by the Savannah National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Chatham County Crusade for Voters (CCCV). Savannah mayor Malcolm MacLean requested state troopers from Georgia governor Carl Sanders; the governor also placed the National Guard on alert. Fifty state patrolmen were called in on a nine-day assignment that lasted from June 18 to June 26; state troopers were asked to return again during a July 11 riot that took place after a demonstration protesting the arrest of Hosea Williams, head of the CCCV. These demonstrations, where more than five hundred protesters were jailed, finally compelled white business leaders to agree to a widespread desegregation plan that went into effect on October 1, 1963.","Reporter: McClellan, Don","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn46131"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Local government--Georgia--Savannah","Police, State--Georgia","Police--Georgia--Chatham County","Municipal government--Georgia--Savannah","Law enforcement--Georgia--Finance","Police patrol--Equipment and supplies","State-local relations--Georgia","State-local relations--Georgia--Savannah","State governments--Officials and employees","Payment--Georgia--Savannah","Police--Supply and demand--Georgia--Savannah","Race relations","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Savannah","Social conflict--Georgia--Savannah","Violence--Forecasting","Riot control--Georgia--Savannah","Reporters and reporting--Georgia","Television journalists--Georgia","Microphone","Savannah (Ga.)--Politics and government"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Lowell Conner, director of the Georgia Department of Public Safety, discussing payment for state troops when they are requested by local governments, Georgia, 1963"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn46131"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn46131"],"dcterms_temporal":["1963"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn46131, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Lowell Conner, director of the Georgia Department of Public Safety, discussing payment for state troops when they are requested by local governments, Georgia, 1963, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1139, 13:02/14:38, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 36 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Conner, H. L. (H. Lowell), 1922-","McClellan, Don"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null}],"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":0,"total_count":17,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false},"facets":[{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"MovingImage","hits":17}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"creator_facet","items":[{"value":"WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)","hits":15},{"value":"WALB (Television station : Albany, Ga.)","hits":2}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_facet","items":[{"value":"Police, State--Georgia","hits":17},{"value":"Race relations","hits":7},{"value":"Governors--Georgia","hits":5},{"value":"Albany (Ga.)--Politics and government--History--20th century","hits":4},{"value":"Albany (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","hits":4},{"value":"African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Albany","hits":3},{"value":"African American students--Georgia--Crawfordville","hits":3},{"value":"African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Crawfordville","hits":3},{"value":"African Americans--Politics and government","hits":3},{"value":"Arrest--Georgia--Albany","hits":3},{"value":"Automobiles--Georgia--Crawfordville","hits":3}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_personal_facet","items":[{"value":"King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","hits":4},{"value":"Conner, H. 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