{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"geh_byd_2015","title":"National Conference of Mayors Meeting","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1971-11"],"dcterms_description":["View of New York Mayor John Lindsay (left) and Atlanta Mayor Sam Massell (right) at a meeting of the National Conference of Mayors held in Atlanta, Georgia."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.492.024","ahc101492024.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["Politicians","Mayors","Meetings--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Massell, Sam, 1927-","Lindsay, John V. (John Vliet)"],"dcterms_title":["National Conference of Mayors Meeting"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/2015"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn63537","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of mayor J. R. Allen announcing a curfew in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 July 28","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Allen, James R., 1930-1973"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Muscogee County, Columbus, 32.46098, -84.98771"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1971-07-28"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip dated July 28, 1971, a reporter announces that Columbus mayor J. R. Allen has established a ten pm voluntary curfew for the residents of Columbus, Georgia, and Mayor Allen announces the imposition of the same evening curfew at a press conference.","The clip begins with footage of cars driving down a busy commercial street, possibly Broadway, in Columbus, Georgia. A reporter announces that the mayor will consider any vehicle traveling on the streets of Columbus after ten pm suspect, but that he has not specified what action will be taken against curfew violators will be, as he has chosen to leave the assignment of penalties to the discretion of law enforcement officials. According to the reporter, an unnamed African American spokesperson has raised objections to the mayor's allowance of the police to use their own discretion. The reporter's commentary is truncated by a statement made by Mayor Allen at a press conference. Speaking into a single microphone, Allen announces the imposition of the citywide curfew, and declares \"tonight, starting at ten pm, I am asking all citizens to voluntarily stay in their homes and off the streets. I have called on all the law enforcement agencies to consider suspect any vehicle moving on the streets after ten pm. This may result in you being stopped, questioned, and inconvenienced. The degree of your volunteer cooperation in this matter will determine whether stricter measures will be required. Thank you.\" The clip ends at the end of Allen's statement. Violence broke out in Columbus, Georgia during the spring and summer of 1971 following a series of racially motivated suspensions and firings in the Columbus police department. On Saturday, June 19, 1971, Hosea Williams, regional vice president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), helped organize a protest march in support of demands made in a class-action lawsuit against the city, and to protest the city's failure to address grievances of the Afro-American Police League. The lawsuit's plaintiffs sought to eliminate longstanding discriminatory practices in the department, and to reinstate officers who had protested against said practices. Although the protest march was peaceful, racial tensions were high in Columbus, and violence escalated dramatically after the demonstration. Rioting escalated on June 21, 1971, when a white officer, L. A. Jacks, shot and killed a twenty-year old African American youth named Willie J. Osborne after an alleged armed robbery. Riots, arson attacks, police violence, and further protests continued to impact the city prompting the Columbus City Council to invoke an emergency ordinance, and Columbus mayor J. R. Allen to declare a state of emergency, which banned the sale of liquor, guns, and ammunition. On July 25, 1971, Mayor Allen called a voluntary citywide curfew that enabled police to stop and search city residents who were outside after ten pm. The curfew was lifted on August 6.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn63537"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Curfews--Georgia--Columbus","Local government--Georgia--Columbus","Cities and towns--Georgia--Columbus","Race riots--Georgia--Columbus","Automobiles--Georgia--Columbus","Transportation, Automotive--Georgia--Columbus","Automobile travel--Georgia--Columbus","City traffic--Georgia--Columbus","Storefronts--Georgia--Columbus","Commercial buildings--Georgia--Columbus","Mayors--Georgia--Columbus","Municipal government--Georgia--Columbus","Municipal officials and employees--Georgia--Columbus","Civic leaders--Georgia--Columbus","African American civic leaders--Georgia--Columbus","Community activists--Georgia--Columbus","Political activists--Georgia","African American political activists--Georgia","Police crackdowns--Georgia--Columbus","Police--Georgia--Columbus","Police discretion--Georgia--Columbus","Police--Complaints against--Georgia--Columbus","Police-community relations--Georgia--Columbus","Police questioning--Georgia--Columbus","Detention of persons--Georgia--Columbus","Demonstrations--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Columbus","Direct action--Georgia--Columbus","Riots--Georgia--Columbus","Riots--Georgia--Columbus--History--20th century","Race riots--United States--History--20th century","Race discrimination--Georgia--Columbus","Prejudices--Georgia--Columbus","Polarization (Social Sciences)--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus","Whites--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--20th century","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--1964-1975","Whites--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--20th century","Whites--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--1964-1975","Social conflict--Georgia--Columbus","Law enforcement--Georgia--Columbus","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Columbus","Press conferences--Georgia--Columbus","Microphone","Columbus (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Georgia--Race relations","Columbus (Ga.)--Politics and government","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Columbus (Ga.)--Politics and government--1951-","Georgia--Social conditions--1960-1980","Columbus (Ga.)--Social conditions--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of mayor J. R. Allen announcing a curfew in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 July 28"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn63537"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn63537"],"dcterms_temporal":["1971-07-28"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn63537, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of mayor J. R. Allen announcing a curfew in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 July 28, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1749, 14:11/15:14, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 3 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Allen, James R., 1930-1973"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58211","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American leader Joseph E.Boone speaking for victims of police assault in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 June 24","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Muscogee County, Columbus, 32.46098, -84.98771"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1971-06-24"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB clip from Thursday, June 24, 1971, Atlanta civil rights activist Reverend Joseph E. Boone speaks on behalf of victims of a police assault that took place during several days of rioting in Columbus, Georgia.","The silent clip begins with Atlanta civil rights activist Reverend Joseph E. Boone speaking at a small press conference. Joining him at a table are an African American woman and a young African American man, with a bandaged head and cut lip. This is followed by several close-up shots of each person sitting at the table. The clip ends with a shot of three young African American men gathered around the table with the conference interviewees; one of the young men is taking notes.","Violence broke out in Columbus, Georgia during the spring and summer of 1971 following a series of racially motivated suspensions and firings in the Columbus police department, and consequent protests against the city for its failure to address the grievances of black police officers. Members of the Atlanta-based Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) helped organize protest marches and demonstrations in Columbus. Even though these events were peaceful, acts of violence still rose throughout the city, and Columbus officials blamed out-of-town SCLC members for inciting the violence themselves. Racial conflicts escalated on June 21, 1971, when a white officer, L. A. Jacks, shot and killed a twenty-year old African American youth named Willie J. Osborne after an alleged armed robbery. The city erupted in numerous riots and arson attacks for days, prompting the Columbus City Council to invoke an emergency ordinance, and Columbus mayor J. R. Allen to declare a state of emergency. Although the state of emergency was lifted after a couple days, the emergency ordinance remained in place for several months.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn58211"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Police--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Violence against--Georgia--Columbus","Police brutality--Georgia--Columbus","Race relations","Assault and battery--Georgia--Columbus","Race riots--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Crimes against--Georgia--Columbus","Offenses against the person--Georgia--Columbus","Police--Complaints against--Georgia--Columbus","First aid in illness and injury--Georgia--Columbus","Bandages and bandaging","Civic leaders--Georgia--Columbus","African American civic leaders--Georgia--Columbus","Community activists--Georgia--Columbus","Political activists--Georgia","African American political activists--Georgia","African American clergy--Georgia","Clergy--Georgia","Communities--Georgia--Columbus","Community leadership--Georgia--Columbus","Community power--Georgia--Columbus","Social conflict--Georgia--Columbus","Interpersonal confrontation--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Communication","Civil rights workers","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Columbus","African American civil rights workers","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--20th century","Riots--Georgia--Columbus","Riots--Georgia--Columbus--History--20th century","Race riots--United States--History--20th century","Publicity--Georgia--Columbus","Press conferences--Georgia--Columbus","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Columbus","Press--Georgia--Columbus","Microphone","United States--Race relations","Georgia--Race relations","Georgia--Social conditions--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American leader Joseph E.Boone speaking for victims of police assault in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 June 24"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58211"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58211"],"dcterms_temporal":["1971-06-24"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn58211, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American leader Joseph E.Boone speaking for victims of police assault in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 June 24, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1598, 57:59/58:26, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 27 secs.): color, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Boone, Joseph E., 1922-2006"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58204","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Jimmy Carter commenting on recent racial unrest in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 June 24","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Carter, Jimmy, 1924-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Georgia, Muscogee County, Columbus, 32.46098, -84.98771"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1971-06-24"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from June 24, 1971, Georgia governor Jimmy Carter addresses a news conference, where he updates reporters on conditions in Columbus, Georgia, recently impacted by rioting; and several injured African American men demonstrate to the camera that they have been wounded.","The clip is divided into two parts. The first part begins at a press conference, where Governor Carter speaks to reporters from a series of microphones arranged at his desk. Carter announces that he has spoken to Colonel Ray Pope, director of the Georgia Department of Public Safety, who has appraised him of the situation in Columbus. He has been informed that nine fires broke out the previous night in Columbus; he notes that this number \"sounds bad, but it's quite a reduction over previous nights.\" Pope has indicated to him that \"the situation is obviously calming down,\" that talks have finally begun between \"dissident groups\" and Columbus community representatives, and that he \"has every expectation that the major problem has finally been alleviated.\"","The second part of the clip is silent. Here, three young unidentified African American men have gathered in front of the camera, presumably to demonstrate that they have been injured. One man, on the left, has a bandaged head. Another man, on the right, is prompted to turn around by a pair of hands belonging to someone off-camera. He also appears to have a head wound. It is unclear if the man at the center of the shot has sustained any injuries.","During the summer of 1971, violence broke out in Columbus, Georgia, a response to a series of racially motivated suspensions and firings in the Columbus police department, and the city's subsequent failure to address the grievances of black police officers. To demonstrate support for Columbus' African American policemen, members of the Atlanta-based Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) helped organize several nonviolent protest activities in Columbus, including a march and rally that drew a crowd of five hundred people. Even though these events were peaceful, surmounting racial tension gave way to violence, and waves of looting, brick-throwing, and firebombing erupted throughout the city. Rioting escalated on June 21, 1971, when a white officer, L. A. Jacks, shot and killed a twenty-year old African American youth named Willie J. Osborne after an alleged armed robbery. Arson attacks and riots continued for days, prompting the Columbus City Council to invoke an emergency ordinance, and Columbus mayor J. R. Allen to declare a citywide state of emergency, which included the imposition of an evening curfew, and the cessation of liquor and firearms sales. State involvement in the crisis, under the authority of Governor Carter, included the dispatch of riot-trained Georgia state patrolmen to Columbus and a request to Governor George Wallace of Alabama to halt liquor sales in neighboring Phenix City.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn58204"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors--Georgia","Civil rights demonstration--Georgia--Columbus","Race riots--Georgia--Columbus","Race relations","Police--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus","Public safety--Georgia","Public safety--Georgia--Columbus","Municipal government--Georgia--Columbus","Municipal officials and employees--Georgia--Columbus","Negotiation--Georgia--Columbus","Communication--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Communication","Whites--Communication","Civic leaders--Georgia--Columbus","African American civic leaders--Georgia--Columbus","Political activists--Georgia","African American political activists--Georgia","Communities--Georgia--Columbus","Community leadership--Georgia--Columbus","Community activists--Georgia--Columbus","Violence--Georgia--Columbus","Social conflict--Georgia--Columbus","Polarization (Social Sciences)--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Violence against--Georgia--Columbus","First aid in illness and injury--Georgia--Columbus","Bandages and bandaging","Whites--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--20th century","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--1964-1975","Whites--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--20th century","Whites--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--1964-1975","Fires--Georgia--Columbus","Riots--Georgia--Columbus","Riots--Georgia--Columbus--History--20th century","Race riots--United States--History--20th century","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights--Georgia--Columbus","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Press--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Columbus (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Georgia--Politics and government","Columbus (Ga.)--Politics and government","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Columbus (Ga.)--Politics and government--1951-","United States--Race relations","Georgia--Race relations","Columbus (Ga.)--Race relations","Georgia--Social conditions--1960-1980","Columbus (Ga.)--Social conditions--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Jimmy Carter commenting on recent racial unrest in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 June 24"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58204"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58204"],"dcterms_temporal":["1971-06-24"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn58204, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Jimmy Carter commenting on recent racial unrest in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 June 24, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1598, 49:00/49:28, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 28 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (b-roll): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Pope, Ray, 1918-1983"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58179","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Jimmy Carter condemning Hosea Williams for creating racial unrest in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 June 21","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Carter, Jimmy, 1924-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Georgia, Muscogee County, Columbus, 32.46098, -84.98771"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1971-06-21"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from June 21, 1971, Georgia governor Jimmy Carter addresses a news conference, and updates reporters on conditions in Columbus, Georgia, where a series of race riots have taken place. Carter attributes an impasse in community negotiations to the actions of civil rights activist Hosea Williams.","The clip begins with several silent shots of Governor Carter, seated at his desk, where he is attended by a staff member. Resting along the wall behind him beneath a large round seal are several framed documents and a handcrafted representation of the Georgia state flag. He speaks into an array of microphones. Next, a shot taken from behind Carter captures a small group of reporters seated in front the governor's desk. The next shot opens with sound. Here, Carter explains that it is difficult for two groups. \"black and white, or otherwise\" to negotiate successfully without the eagerness of their leaders to achieve a solution. He states that he personally does not believe that Hosea Williams is seeking a solution, or that he is trying to establish communication between the African American and white communities of Columbus. Instead, Carter thinks that Williams' motive is to gain personal publicity and \"create dissension.\" He says that Williams' actions make it \"very difficult\" for members of Columbus' African American community members \"with a legitimate grievance\" to resolve issues with white leaders attempting to avoid disturbances in their communities, or to meet \"legitimate grievances\" on the part of African Americans.","During the summer of 1971, violence broke out in Columbus, Georgia, a response to a series of racially motivated suspensions and firings in the Columbus police department, and the city's subsequent failure to address the grievances of African American officers. Led by Hosea Williams, the regional vice president and national executive director of the Atlanta-based Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), members of SCLC came to Columbus and helped organize nonviolent protest activities in support of the city's African American policemen. Even though these events were peaceful, cumulative racial tension gave way to looting, brick-throwing, and firebombing that impacted Columbus for days. Williams persistently demanded accountability from Columbus' white officials regarding institutional racism and police violence in African American neighborhoods. Those same officials viewed him as an outside agitator, and blamed him for inciting violence, derailing negotiations between local community leaders, and delaying a restoration of order. The rioting escalated on June 21, 1971, when a white officer shot and killed a twenty-year old African American youth after an alleged armed robbery. In response to the continuing violence, the Columbus City Council invoked an emergency ordinance, and Columbus mayor J. R. Allen declared a citywide state of emergency, during which an evening curfew was imposed, and the sale of firearms and liquor were prohibited. State involvement in the crisis, under the authority of Governor Carter, included the dispatch of riot-trained Georgia state patrolmen to Columbus, and an appeal to Georgia governor George Wallace to halt liquor sales in neighboring Phenix City, Alabama.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn58179"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors","Governors--Georgia","Race relations","Race riots--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus","Georgia--Politics and government","Municipal government--Georgia--Columbus","Municipal officials and employees--Georgia--Columbus","Negotiation--Georgia--Columbus","Civic leaders--Georgia--Columbus","African American civic leaders--Georgia--Columbus","Community activists--Georgia--Columbus","Political activists--Georgia","African American political activists--Georgia","African American clergy--Georgia","Clergy--Georgia","Communities--Georgia--Columbus","Community leadership--Georgia--Columbus","Community power--Georgia--Columbus","Social conflict--Georgia--Columbus","Polarization (Social Sciences)--Georgia--Columbus","Communication--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Communication","Whites--Communication","Race discrimination--Georgia--Columbus","Racism--Georgia--Columbus","Whites--Georgia--Columbus","Prejudices--Georgia--Columbus","Demonstrations--Georgia--Columbus","Direct action--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights workers","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Columbus","African American civil rights workers","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--20th century","African Americans--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--1964-1975","Whites--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--20th century","Whites--Georgia--Columbus--Social conditions--1964-1975","Riots--Georgia--Columbus","Riots--Georgia--Columbus--History--20th century","Race riots--United States--History--20th century","Social influence","Publicity--Georgia--Columbus","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Press--Georgia--Atlanta","Emblems, State--Georgia","Flags--United States--States","Flags--Georgia","Microphone","United States--Race relations","Georgia--Race relations","Georgia--Politics and government--1951-","Georgia--Social conditions--1960-1980"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Jimmy Carter condemning Hosea Williams for creating racial unrest in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 June 21"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58179"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn58179"],"dcterms_temporal":["1971-06-21"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn58179, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Jimmy Carter condemning Hosea Williams for creating racial unrest in Columbus, Georgia, 1971 June 21, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1598, 9:09/10:08, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 59 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Carter, Jimmy, 1924-","Williams, Hosea, 1926-2000"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn62843","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Clarence Coleman, southeast regional director of the National Urban League, asking for a biracial community relations committee in Augusta, Georgia, 1971 March 30","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Coleman, Clarence D."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Georgia, Richmond County, 33.35963, -82.07355","United States, Georgia, Richmond County, Augusta, 33.47097, -81.97484"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1971-03-30"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB clip from March 30, 1971, Clarence Coleman, southeast regional director of the National Urban League, addresses a press conference held in Atlanta, Georgia, and reports the findings of a National Urban League study focusing on racial discrimination in Augusta, Georgia.","The clip begins with a silent shot of a biracial group of people gathered inside a conference room, where a press conference has been organized around a large table. At the head of the table are Clarence Coleman, an unidentified African American man and a white woman, seated in front of a row of microphones. Coleman, seated at the head and center of the table, acknowledges other attendees of the press conference by pointing to them as he speaks into a table microphone. A large banner with the National Urban League emblem hangs on the wall behind the table.","The next section of the clip contains sound. Here, Clarence Coleman addresses the press conference, reading from a prepared statement. Coleman reports that the major findings of a study on Augusta conducted by the National Urban League determine that Augusta and Richmond County, Georgia, \"like nearly all similar political units in the United States,\" is \"fundamentally a dual community\" divided by race: affluent whites possesses the decisionmaking power for the entire population; African Americans, on the other hand, are poor, and lack the power to determine city policy, goals, or priorities.","Coleman notes that civil disturbances are a \"sure way by which frustrated people can, at least temporarily, exert a rather commanding influence, negative though it may be, over the immediate directions and functions over the larger community.\" He goes on to report that the National Urban League's recommendations primarily address the immediate necessity to establish mechanisms that ensure the African American community shares an equal voice in creating and implementing policy, beginning with the upper levels of Augusta and Richmond County government. He concludes that the study calls for the establishment of a biracial community relations task force to be appointed by the mayor and county commission chairman, and granted full subpoena and enforcement powers to act on all matters involving racial and social discrimination.","The National Urban League was founded in New York City in 1910 as a nonpartisan and interracial social service organization, formed to serve the growing African American population in search of employment and housing in New York City. Many of the city's new African American residents had arrived from the rural South as part of the Great Migration, and as they transitioned to city life, required vocational training and social guidance. Local affilates of the National Urban League were soon founded in cities throughout the country. While cultivating powerful alliances with American economic, political, and philanthropic institutions, the agency established itself as a resource for African Americans through social services and advocacy which included sponsoring vocational education programs, training African American social workers, negotiating increased African American employment throughout American corporations, and pressuring government services, labor unions, the military, and the defense industry to cease discriminatory practices. National Urban League staff also conducted investigations of the social, economic, and political conditions of urban African Americans, analyzed and interpreted the findings, and made government policy recommendations. During the 1960s, the National Urban League made advocacy for poor African Americans its top priority. Whitney Young, the organization's president from 1961-1971, proposed a \"domestic Marshall Plan\" in 1964, which influenced President Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty legislation. The organization's tax-exempt status prohibited its full participation in political protests, differentiating it from political civil rights organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). The National Urban League still aligned itself with the Civil Rights Movement by sponsoring leadership training and voter education projects, making office space available to civil rights leaders, and co-sponsoring events such as the 1963 March on Washington and the 1968 Poor People's Campaign. As of 2010, the National Urban League continues to advocate for policy on civil rights and racial justice issues, and provides programs and services for African Americans and urban communities.","On March 30, 1971, the National Urban League delivered the results of a report commissioned by Augusta's city council as part of a response to a massive city crisis the previous year. In May, 1970, public outcry against the torture and murder of an African American teenager held in the Augusta jail by Augusta's African American community deteriorated into riots and police violence. Six African American men were shot in the back by policemen, and more than fifty fires were set in businesses owned by white and Chinese merchants in Augusta. Though most of the recommendations in the Urban League's report were ignored by the predominantly white city council, Augusta ultimately managed to establish biracial commissions to investigate racial inequality and division throughout the city.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn62843"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["County government--Georgia--Augusta","Race relations","African Americans--Georgia--Augusta","Discrimination--Georgia--Augusta","County government--Georgia--Richmond County","Whites--Georgia--Augusta","African Americans--Georgia--Social conditions--20th century","Whites--Georgia--Social conditions--20th century","Race discrimination--Georgia--Augusta","Prejudices--Georgia--Augusta","Social conflict--Georgia--Augusta.","Interpersonal confrontation--Georgia--Augusta","Segregation--Georgia--Augusta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Augusta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Augusta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Riots--Georgia--Augusta","Race riots--Georgia--Augusta","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Social services--Georgia","Community-based social services--Georgia","Social services--Georgia--Atlanta","Social services--Georgia--Augusta","Community-based social services--Georgia--Atlanta","Community-based social services--Georgia--Augusta","City and town life--Georgia--Augusta--20th century","Community life--Georgia--Augusta--20th century","Civic improvement--Georgia--Augusta--20th century","Political culture--Georgia--Augusta--20th century","Microphone"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Clarence Coleman, southeast regional director of the National Urban League, asking for a biracial community relations committee in Augusta, Georgia, 1971 March 30"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn62843"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn62843"],"dcterms_temporal":["1971-03-30"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn62843, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Clarence Coleman, southeast regional director of the National Urban League, asking for a biracial community relations committee in Augusta, Georgia, 1971 March 30, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1729, 26:28/28:14, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 46 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Coleman, Clarence D."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn59642","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Governor Lester Maddox blaming his generation for the current social unrest as Students protesting Kent State, Georgia, 1970 May 13","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Ohio, Portage County, Kent, 41.15367, -81.35789"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1970-05-13"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB clip dated May 13, 1970, demonstrators at the University of Georgia protest against United States military activity in Vietnam and the Kent State University shootings; in a press conference, Governor Lester Maddox blames the tragedy on the leaders of his generation.","The clip opens with an evening aerial shot of a large group of protesters shouting \"one, two, three, four, we don't want your (audio removed) war,\" this is followed by a closer shot of student protesters gathered inside a large academic building; they are raising their fists in the air, and chanting along with protesters outside. The audio coverage in the clip has been edited to redact the profanity from the chanting. Next, students congregate inside of an academic building, presumably the Academic building at the University of Georgia; this is followed by an evening shot of a group of students who have gathered together in front of an unidentified building; the building entrance is guarded by two policemen wearing helmets. The next shot, taken in the daytime, is of a large group of students who have gathered together between Park Hall and the Psychology building on the University of Georgia campus; they are facing UGA's Military building (off camera, on the right). In another shot, a protester announces into a bullhorn \"mourn the Kent dead and we'll go on mourning the Kent dead as long as . . .\" and is truncated by a break in the clip. Next, students make their way across Baldwin Street in front of Park Hall at the University of Georgia.","The clip goes silent, and Georgia governor Lester Maddox conducts a press conference in his office. Seated at his desk, Maddox speaks into an array of microphones; an unmanned television camera is placed squarely in front of him. Several reporters seated next to the camera take notes; only their hands are visible on camera. Next, a shot of Governor Maddox, taken from behind his desk, shows the governor facing a group of reporters who are seated in his office, taking notes. Only the governor's back is visible. The camera returns to the front, this time with a closer shot of Governor Maddox. The audio track of the clip returns, and Maddox emphatically states \"And this is what I think is wrong in this country. I say I don't blame those young people, I don't even blame the National Guard. I blame the leaders in our government, the leaders in our Supreme Court, the leaders in our church, and education who have been downplaying God, downplaying America, downplaying the right to private property, downplaying authority and government . . . Not the young people. These of my generation have failed this country.\"","On May 4, 1970, during protests against United States military activity in Cambodia and Vietnam, four students were killed by the National Guard on the campus of Kent State University in Ohio. In response to the tragedy, student strikes and protests were organized at hundreds of universities across the country, closing many of the schools down. On the evening of May 6, three thousand demonstrators gathered outside the Academic building at the University of Georgia. After several days of demonstrations, the Georgia Board of Regents authorized the suspension of classes in all of its institutions, to take place on Friday, May 8, and Saturday, May 9. Governor Lester Maddox took credit for suggesting the two-day suspension of classes, in order to avert any further tragedies. In addition to suspending classes, the Board of Regents petitioned for a court injunction against any further demonstration at the University of Georgia, which was issued on Friday, May 8. Demonstrations at the university ceased with the issuance of the injunction.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn59642"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Demonstrations--Ohio","Counterculture--United States","Counterculture--Georgia--Athens","Governors","Governors--Georgia","Student activities--Ohio","Vietnam War, 1961-1975","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements--United States","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements--Georgia--Athens","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Public opinion--Georgia--Athens","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Youth--Georgia--Athens","Draft","Draft--Georgia--Athens","Students--Georgia--Political activity--History--20th century","College students--Georgia--Political activity--History--20th century","Anti-war demonstrations--Georgia--Athens","Peace movements--Georgia--Athens","Demonstrations--Georgia--Athens","Demonstrations--Ohio--Kent","Protest movements--United States--History--20th century","Protest movements--Georgia--Athens","Civil-military relations--United States","Civil-military relations--Georgia--Athens","Political participation--Georgia--Athens","Student activities--Ohio--Kent","Student activities--Georgia--Athens","Student protesters--Georgia--Athens","Student movements--United States","Student movements--Georgia--Athens","Student movements--Georgia--History--20th century","Students--Georgia--Athens","Students--Attitudes--Georgia--Athens","Students--Political activity--Georgia--Athens","College students--Georgia--Athens","College students--Attitudes--Georgia--Athens","College students--Political activity--Georgia--Athens","University of Georgia--Student strike, 1970","Student strikes--Georgia--Athens","Political activists--Georgia--Athens","Pacifists--Georgia--Athens","Youth and violence--Georgia--Athens","Hippies--Georgia--Athens","Youth--Georgia--Athens","Police--Georgia--Athens","Campus police--Georgia--Athens","Riot helmets--Georgia--Athens","Police--Equipment and supplies","Universities and colleges--Georgia--Athens","Universities and colleges--Security measures--Georgia--Athens","Universities and colleges--Administration","University of Georgia--Buildings","College buildings--Georgia--Athens","College campuses--Georgia--Athens","College attendance--Georgia--Athens","College facilities--Georgia--Athens","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Conflict of generations--Georgia","Intergenerational relations--Georgia","Intergenerational communication--Georgia","Injunctions--Georgia","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Note-taking--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Television cameras--Georgia--Atlanta","Kent State Shootings, Kent, Ohio, 1970","United States--Politics and government--1969-1974","United States--Social conditions--1960-1980","Georgia--Politics and government--1969-1974","Georgia--Social conditions--1960-1980"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Governor Lester Maddox blaming his generation for the current social unrest as Students protesting Kent State, Georgia, 1970 May 13"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn59642"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn59642"],"dcterms_temporal":["1970-05-13"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn59642, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Governor Lester Maddox blaming his generation for the current social unrest as Students protesting Kent State, Georgia, 1970 May 13, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1639, 7:54/09:03, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 9 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_byd_865","title":"John Calhoun","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1970/1980"],"dcterms_description":["View of Atlanta City Councilman John Calhoun speaking during a meeting of the City Council at Atlanta City Hall in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.","Biographical information about John Calhoun has not been determined."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.347.006","ahc101347006.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--1970-1980","Politicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Politics and government--Georgia--Atlanta","Public speaking--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Suits (Clothing)--1970-1980","Calhoun, John","Atlanta City Hall (Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["John Calhoun"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/865"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_byd_864","title":"John Calhoun","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1970/1980"],"dcterms_description":["View of Atlanta City Councilman John Calhoun speaking during a meeting of the City Council at Atlanta City Hall in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.","Biographical information about John Calhoun has not been determined."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.347.005","ahc101347005.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--1970-1980","Politicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Politics and government--Georgia--Atlanta","Public speaking--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Suits (Clothing)--1970-1980","Calhoun, John","Atlanta City Hall (Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["John Calhoun"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/864"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_byd_184","title":"John Inman","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1970/1980"],"dcterms_description":["View of John Inman, Atlanta police chief, speaking at Atlanta City Hall at the time of a police brutality controversy in Atlanta, Georgia.","John Inman joined the Atlanta Police Department in 1949. In 1972, Mayor Sam Massell appointed him Chief of Police. Inman's tenure was marked with controversy and his critics charged him with racism, mismanagement, and corruption. In 1974, Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson tried to fire Inman. After much controversy, Inman eventually retired on a pension."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.059.001","ahc101059001.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["Police--Georgia--Atlanta","Public speaking--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Inman, John","Atlanta City Hall (Atlanta, Ga.)","Atlanta Police Department (Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["John Inman"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/184"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn55999","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of a peace and civil rights rally, Atlanta, Georgia, 1968 April 6","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1969-04-06"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from Atlanta, Georgia, dated April 6, 1969, civil rights and anti-war demonstrators protest the Vietnam War with a march and rally on the Sunday following the one-year anniversary of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination.","The clip opens with Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy marching in the street amidst a crowd of African American and white demonstrators; this shot is silent. Next, demonstrators march down the street, this time with the Georgia state capitol building in the background. A row of demonstrators march down the street with their arms linked together; behind them, protesters carry both homemade and printed signs that read \"War profit is blood money,\" \"Honor Dr. King end racism,\" \"Support your boys in Vietnam bring them home now,\" and \"Dr. King died April 4, 1968 for all mankind.\" This is followed by another shot of Abernathy's place in the procession; next, participants in the march move past the state capitol. A demonstrator carrying a bullhorn leads the crowd in singing \"We Shall Overcome.\" Next, at another location on the march route, a crowd shouts chants of \"Peace now;\" this is followed by a group of young men carrying a large banner along the route that reads \"Southwide mobilization,\" presumably representing the organization Southwide Mobilization to End the War in Vietnam. Next, African American and white demonstrators are gathered together at an outdoor rally. Members of the audience raise their right fists in the air; a voice emanating from a loudspeaker says \"We are not divided.\" The last shot in the clip shows demonstrators at the rally breaking into applause; the camera pans back and forth across the audience.","On Easter Sunday, April 6, 1969, a march dedicated to King was held in Atlanta to commemorate the one-year anniversary of his assassination. The march began at Ebenezer Baptist Church on Auburn Avenue, paused at the state Capitol to pick up vigil-keepers, proceeded through the Five Points business district, and ended at Hurt Park, where Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy and others addressed approximately four thousand participants at a rally. Some of the other speakers at the rally included Dave Dellinger, chairman of the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam; Luis Melendez, an organizer for California grape pickers, and Jeannette Rankin, former Georgia congresswoman and anti-war activist.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn55999"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Memorialization--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest movements--United States--History--20th century","Protest movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--United States","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers","Civil rights workers--United States","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Georgia","Clergy--Georgia","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Politics and government--20th century","African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","Anti-war demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Peace movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements--United States","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Public opinion--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Economic aspects","Profiteering--United States","Draft--United States","Draft--Georgia--Atlanta","Counterculture--United States","Counterculture--Georgia--Atlanta","Political activists--Georgia--Atlanta","Pacifists--Georgia--Atlanta","Hippies--Georgia--Atlanta","Youth--Georgia--Atlanta","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Atlanta","Banners--Georgia--Atlanta","We shall overcome","Singing--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest songs--Georgia--Atlanta","Audio amplifiers--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Applause","United States--Social conditions--20th century","Georgia--Social conditions--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of a peace and civil rights rally, Atlanta, Georgia, 1968 April 6"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn55999"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn55999"],"dcterms_temporal":["1969-04-06"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn55999, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of a peace and civil rights rally, Atlanta, Georgia, 1968 April 6, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1537, 15:33/16:38, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 5 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990--Political activity","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Anniversaries, etc.","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Assassination"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn55980","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a demonstration against the Vietnam War commemorating Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination, Atlanta, Georgia, 1969 April 6","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1969-04-06"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from Atlanta, Georgia, dated April 4, 1969, demonstrators protest the Vietnam War on the one-year anniversary of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination; King is also memorialized in a video montage.","The clip is divided into two segments, both containing audio. The first segment opens with a shot of a protest march; a group of mostly white demonstrators make their way down the street, some carry handmade or printed signs. Some of the signs read: \"War profit is blood money,\" \"Make his dream a reality end war poverty racism,\" \"Dr. King died April 4, 1968 for all mankind,\" \"Amnesty fOr all war protestors,\" \"Anti-war, pro GI,\" and \"End war now.\" Audio for the clip consists mostly of background noise until the camera pans left across the parade of demonstrators; the shot ends on a group stalled by a bottleneck in the procession route. At this point, an amplified voice sings \"We Shall Overcome,\" a group of demonstrators shout \"Peace now!\" and a reporter instructs the sound engineer to keep the microphone on the crowd noise. The next shot in the first segment includes a large gathering of African American and white demonstrators as they listen to a speaker calling for an end to the war in Vietnam. The camera pans across the crowd to the right; the shot then breaks and the camera pans in the opposite direction while the crowd sings \"We Shall Overcome.\" Throughout the crowd, demonstrators hold signs and banners; some raise their fists or make v-signs for peace.","The second segment of the clip is a b-roll montage memorializing King that begins with a shot of the facade of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, followed by several shots from the inside of the church that include a portrait of King, the church pulpit, and a close-up of a prayer book. The montage continues with a still photograph of King's funeral cortege amidst a crowd of mourners, then a motion shot of King's grave and the eternal flame that accompanies it. A second shot of King's grave zooms in on the inscription on King's tombstone, and closes in on the year 1968, the year King died. The last shot in this clip is of a cemetery, presumably Atlanta's South-View Cemetery, where King was originally buried (his remains were removed from South-View in 1970). The audio for this segment consists mostly of background noise and conversational fragments.","On Easter Sunday, April 6, 1969, a march dedicated to King was held in Atlanta on the one-year anniversary of his assassination. The march began at Ebenezer Baptist Church on Auburn Avenue, paused at the state Capitol to pick up vigil-keepers, proceeded through the Five Points business district, and ended at Hurt Park, where Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy and others addressed approximately four thousand participants at a rally. Some of the other speakers at the rally included Dave Dellinger, chairman of the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam; Luis Melendez, an organizer for California grape pickers, and Jeannette Rankin, former Georgia congresswoman and anti-war activist.","Title supplied by cataloger.","Title originally read \"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a demonstration against the Vietnam War commemorating Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination, Atlanta, Georgia, 1969 April 4.\" Further research of events in the clip determine that the footage was recorded on April 6, 1969."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn55980"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975","Monuments--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","Peace movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Assassination--Georgia--Atlanta","Demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Memorialization--Georgia--Atlanta","Memorial rites and ceremonies--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest marches--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest movements--United States--History--20th century","Protest movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--United States","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers","Civil rights workers--United States","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Georgia","Clergy--Georgia","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Politics and government--20th century","African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","Anti-war demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements--United States","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Public opinion--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Youth--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Economic aspects","Profiteering--United States","War--Economic Aspects","Draft","Draft--United States","Draft--Georgia--Atlanta","United States--Social conditions--20th century","Georgia--Social conditions--20th century","Peace","Counterculture--United States","Counterculture--Georgia--Atlanta","Political activists--Georgia--Atlanta","Pacifists--Georgia--Atlanta","Hippies--Georgia--Atlanta","Youth--Georgia--Atlanta","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Atlanta","Banners--Georgia--Atlanta","V symbol","We shall overcome (Song)","Singing--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest songs--Georgia--Atlanta","Audio amplifiers--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Photographs","Funeral rites and ceremonies--Georgia--Atlanta","Church buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Facades--Georgia--Atlanta","African American churches--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Epitaphs--Georgia--Atlanta","Georgia--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a demonstration against the Vietnam War commemorating Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination, Atlanta, Georgia, 1969 April 6"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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