{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn22686","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of civil rights leaders Joseph Lowery, and J. D . Grier with Police chief John Inman as he announces efforts to recruit more African American policemen, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 June 29","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Elder, Walt","Inman, John (John F.)","Lowery, Joseph (Joseph E.)","Grier, J. D."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1973-06-29"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip dated June 29, 1973, civil rights leaders Reverend Joseph Lowery and Reverend J. D. Grier join Atlanta police chief John Inman in a press conference encouraging African Americans to apply for available positions as police officers.","The series of clips is divided into three segments. The first segment begins at a press conference, where Reverend Joseph Lowery, vice chairman of Atlanta's Community Relations Commission, an organization functioning as a liaison between City Hall and African Americans city residents, notes that only one hundred twenty-one African Americans have been hired in the Atlanta police department in the past year. He remarks that the disparity between black and white officers on the police force will never be eliminated if the rate of hire for African American remains the same. Lowery also notes that more than two hundred eighty-one white officers have been hired in the past three years, a number that is greater than the total number of African American officers on the force. Speaking on behalf of members of the Commission, Lowery emphasizes that their position does not demand a reduction in the number of white police officers, but rather serves as an urgent call to increase the hiring of African American officers, which, Lowery adds, are necessary for effective law enforcement and public safety in the Atlanta community. Next, Reverend J. D. Grier proposes a doubling of efforts to hire more African Americans, and pledges to place one hundred African American candidates among the one hundred seventy-two vacant officer positions. Next, Atlanta police chief John F. Inman expresses his disappointment in the number of African American applicants seeking employment in available patrolman positions. He appeals to prospective recruits by emphasizing that work as a patrolman is an important service to the Atlanta community, and remarks that the police department needs more African American applicants for the positions that are available.","The second segment of the clip is b-roll footage that includes shots of several officials gathered behind the dais where Lowery, Grier and Inman are seated. The third segment of the clip includes assorted silent shots of the press conference and its preparation, taken from different locations.","As with most Atlanta city departments in the early 1970s, the Atlanta police department was slow to integrate, and inadequate hiring and promotion practices left the city with a police force that was vastly underrepresented by African American officers. Reports of police brutality in black neighborhoods underscored the department's unpopularity with African American residents. Atlanta's Community Relations Commission attempted to initiate an affirmative action program throughout Atlanta's city agencies; however, the police department failed to implement these practices, and remained sharply divided along racial lines. Police chief John F. Inman exacerbated the bureau's tensions by replacing high-ranking African American department officials and demoting members of the Afro-American Patrolman's League who had participated in a discrimination lawsuit against the department.","In an attempt to facilitate affirmative action within the police department and better represent the city's African American population, mayor Maynard Jackson reorganized the city's law enforcement divisions, and with a new Atlanta city charter, created a public safety department that superseded the authority of the police department. In doing so, Jackson effectively eliminated police chief Inman's ability to control hiring and promotion. Jackson's intervention greatly accelerated the integration of the Atlanta police force, although personnel shortages and ongoing disputes over the development and maintenance of a racially balanced, merit-driven police bureau continued to challenge the city well into future decades.","Reporter: Elder, Walt","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn22686"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Police--Georgia--Atlanta","African American police--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in employment--Georgia--Atlanta","Affirmative action programs--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Police administration--Georgia--Atlanta","Police-community relations--Georgia--Atlanta","Police recruits--Georgia--Atlanta","Employees--Recruiting--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in law enforcement--Georgia--Atlanta","Minorities--Employment--Georgia--Atlanta","Municipal officials and employees--Georgia--Atlanta","Minority municipal officials and employees--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights--History--20th century","African Americans--Employment","Blacks--Employment--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in employment--Georgia","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Georgia","Clergy--Georgia","Community leadership--Georgia--Atlanta","Community activists--Georgia--Atlanta","Civic leaders--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Police chiefs--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of civil rights leaders Joseph Lowery, and J. D . Grier with Police chief John Inman as he announces efforts to recruit more African American policemen, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 June 29"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn22686"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn22686"],"dcterms_temporal":["1973-06-29"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn22686, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of civil rights leaders Joseph Lowery, and J. D . Grier with Police chief John Inman as he announces efforts to recruit more African American policemen, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 June 29, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1947, 5:34/07:14, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 40 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (b-roll): color, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (about 29 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Elder, Walt","Inman, John (John F.)","Lowery, Joseph E.","Grier, J. D."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_byd_690","title":"Atlanta City Hall Open House","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1973-05-03"],"dcterms_description":["View of Atlanta Police Chief John Inman speaking at the \"Ask the Department Head Night,\" an open house for Atlanta's citizens at Atlanta City Hall in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.","John Inman joined the Atlanta Police Department in 1949. In 1972, Mayor Sam Massell appointed him Chief of Police. Inman's tenure was marked with controversy and his critics charged him with racism, mismanagement, and corruption. In 1974, Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson tried to fire Inman. After much controversy, Inman eventually retired on a pension."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.286.008","ahc101286008.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Boyd Lewis Photographs, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["City and town halls--Georgia--Atlanta","Suits (Clothing)--1970-1980","Politics and government--Georgia--Atlanta","Police--Georgia--Atlanta","Audiences--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Public speaking--Georgia--Atlanta","Interiors--Georgia--Atlanta","Inman, John","Atlanta City Hall (Atlanta, Ga.)","Atlanta Police Department (Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Atlanta City Hall Open House"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/690"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["This material is protected by copyright law. (Title 17, U. S. Code) Permission for use must be cleared through The Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center. Licensing agreement may be required."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_byd_691","title":"Atlanta City Hall Open House","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1973-05-03"],"dcterms_description":["View of Atlanta Police Chief John Inman (foreground) fielding questions from the audience at the \"Ask the Department Head Night,\" an open house for Atlanta's citizens at Atlanta City Hall in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.","John Inman joined the Atlanta Police Department in 1949. In 1972, Mayor Sam Massell appointed him Chief of Police. Inman's tenure was marked with controversy and his critics charged him with racism, mismanagement, and corruption. In 1974, Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson tried to fire Inman. After much controversy, Inman eventually retired on a pension."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.286.009","ahc101286009.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Boyd Lewis Photographs, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["City and town halls--Georgia--Atlanta","Politics and government--Georgia--Atlanta","Police--Georgia--Atlanta","Audiences--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Public speaking--Georgia--Atlanta","Interiors--Georgia--Atlanta","Television cameras","Press--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--1970-1980","Inman, John","Atlanta City Hall (Atlanta, Ga.)","Atlanta Police Department (Atlanta, Ga.)","WSB (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Atlanta City Hall Open House"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/691"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["This material is protected by copyright law. (Title 17, U. S. Code) Permission for use must be cleared through The Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center. Licensing agreement may be required."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_byd_692","title":"Atlanta City Hall Open House","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1973-05-03"],"dcterms_description":["View of Atlanta Police Chief John Inman (foreground) fielding questions from the audience at the \"Ask the Department Head Night,\" an open house for Atlanta's citizens at Atlanta City Hall in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.","John Inman joined the Atlanta Police Department in 1949. In 1972, Mayor Sam Massell appointed him Chief of Police. Inman's tenure was marked with controversy and his critics charged him with racism, mismanagement, and corruption. In 1974, Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson tried to fire Inman. After much controversy, Inman eventually retired on a pension."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.286.010","ahc101286010.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Boyd Lewis Photographs, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["City and town halls--Georgia--Atlanta","Politics and government--Georgia--Atlanta","Police--Georgia--Atlanta","Audiences--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Public speaking--Georgia--Atlanta","Interiors--Georgia--Atlanta","Television cameras","Press--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--1970-1980","Inman, John","Atlanta City Hall (Atlanta, Ga.)","Atlanta Police Department (Atlanta, Ga.)","WSB (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Atlanta City Hall Open House"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/692"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["This material is protected by copyright law. (Title 17, U. S. Code) Permission for use must be cleared through The Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center. Licensing agreement may be required."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_byd_693","title":"Atlanta City Hall Open House","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1973-05-03"],"dcterms_description":["View of Atlanta Police Chief John Inman (foreground) fielding questions from an audience member at the \"Ask the Department Head Night,\" an open house for Atlanta's citizens at Atlanta City Hall in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.","John Inman joined the Atlanta Police Department in 1949. In 1972, Mayor Sam Massell appointed him Chief of Police. Inman's tenure was marked with controversy and his critics charged him with racism, mismanagement, and corruption. In 1974, Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson tried to fire Inman. After much controversy, Inman eventually retired on a pension."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.286.011","ahc101286011.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Boyd Lewis Photographs, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["City and town halls--Georgia--Atlanta","Politics and government--Georgia--Atlanta","Police--Georgia--Atlanta","Audiences--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Public speaking--Georgia--Atlanta","Interiors--Georgia--Atlanta","Television cameras","Press--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--1970-1980","Inman, John","Atlanta City Hall (Atlanta, Ga.)","Atlanta Police Department (Atlanta, Ga.)","WSB (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Atlanta City Hall Open House"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/693"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["This material is protected by copyright law. (Title 17, U. S. Code) Permission for use must be cleared through The Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center. Licensing agreement may be required."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_byd_694","title":"Atlanta City Hall Open House","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1973-05-03"],"dcterms_description":["View of Atlanta Police Chief John Inman (left, standing) fielding questions from an audience member and Atlanta Mayor Sam Massell (center, seated) at the \"Ask the Department Head Night,\" an open house for Atlanta's citizens at Atlanta City Hall in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.","John Inman joined the Atlanta Police Department in 1949. In 1972, Mayor Sam Massell appointed him Chief of Police. Inman's tenure was marked with controversy and his critics charged him with racism, mismanagement, and corruption. In 1974, Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson tried to fire Inman. After much controversy, Inman eventually retired on a pension."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.286.012","ahc101286012.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Boyd Lewis Photographs, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["City and town halls--Georgia--Atlanta","Politics and government--Georgia--Atlanta","Police--Georgia--Atlanta","Audiences--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Public speaking--Georgia--Atlanta","Interiors--Georgia--Atlanta","Television cameras","Press--Georgia--Atlanta","Politicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Inman, John","Massell, Sam, 1927-","Atlanta City Hall (Atlanta, Ga.)","Atlanta Police Department (Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Atlanta City Hall Open House"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/694"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["This material is protected by copyright law. (Title 17, U. S. Code) Permission for use must be cleared through The Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center. Licensing agreement may be required."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_byd_2570","title":"Voter's Rights Press Conference","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1973-05"],"dcterms_description":["View of Dr. John Cashin, a civil rights activist from Alabama, speaking at a press conference regarding voting rights, in Atlanta, Georgia, with Bobby Doctor, the head of the Southern regional office of the United States Civil Rights Commission in Atlanta, also in attendance.","Dr. John L. Cashin was a dentist from Huntsville, Alabama and a civil rights activist. He founded the National Democratic Party of Alabama in an effort to give African Americans a voice in state politics. In 1970, he ran as the party's candidate for governor against George Wallace."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.557.007","ahc101557007.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Boyd Lewis Photographs, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--1970-1980","African Americans--Suffrage","Press conferences","Activists","Civil rights movements","Microphone","National Democratic Party of Alabama","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Cashin, John L. (John Logan), 1928-","Doctor, Bobby"],"dcterms_title":["Voter's Rights Press Conference"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/2570"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_byd_2571","title":"Voter's Rights Press Conference","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1973-05"],"dcterms_description":["View of Dr. John Cashin (left), a civil rights activist from Alabama, speaking at a press conference regarding voting rights, in Atlanta, Georgia, with Bobby Doctor (right), the head of the Southern regional office of the United States Civil Rights Commission in Atlanta, also in attendance.","Dr. John L. Cashin was a dentist from Huntsville, Alabama and a civil rights activist. He founded the National Democratic Party of Alabama in an effort to give African Americans a voice in state politics. In 1970, he ran as the party's candidate for governor against George Wallace."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.557.008","ahc101557008.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Boyd Lewis Photographs, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--1970-1980","African Americans--Suffrage","Press conferences","Activists","Civil rights movements","Microphone","National Democratic Party of Alabama","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Cashin, John L. (John Logan), 1928-","Doctor, Bobby"],"dcterms_title":["Voter's Rights Press Conference"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/2571"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_byd_2572","title":"Voter's Rights Press Conference","collection_id":"geh_byd","collection_title":"Boyd Lewis Photographs","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, Boyd, 1944-"],"dc_date":["1973-05"],"dcterms_description":["View of Dr. John Cashin (left), a civil rights activist from Alabama, speaking at a press conference regarding voting rights, in Atlanta, Georgia, with Bobby Doctor (right), the head of the Southern regional office of the United States Civil Rights Commission in Atlanta, also in attendance.","Dr. John L. Cashin was a dentist from Huntsville, Alabama and a civil rights activist. He founded the National Democratic Party of Alabama in an effort to give African Americans a voice in state politics. In 1970, he ran as the party's candidate for governor against George Wallace."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 101.557.009","ahc101557009.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Boyd Lewis Photographs, Atlanta History Center"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--1970-1980","African Americans--Suffrage","Press conferences","Activists","Civil rights movements","Microphone","National Democratic Party of Alabama","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Cashin, John L. (John Logan), 1928-","Doctor, Bobby"],"dcterms_title":["Voter's Rights Press Conference"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/byd/id/2572"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: MSS 602, Boyd Lewis Papers, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["35 mm black and white negative"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn20982","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Jesse Jackson talking about the civil rights movement's change in tactics, West Hunter Street Baptist Church, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 March 4","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Elder, Walt","Jackson, Jesse, 1941-"],"dcterms_spatial":["China, 35.0, 105.0","Soviet Union, 51.220643, 51.363519","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Illinois, Cook County, Chicago, 41.85003, -87.65005"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1973-03-04"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip dated March 4, 1973, Reverend Jesse Jackson speaks to a group of Atlanta reporters about building coalitions amongst national civil rights groups to represent the needs of poor people; reuniting with Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy after having left the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); the proposed elimination of social services on the part of the Nixon administration; the negotiating power of African American consumers; and about the civil rights movement's focus on securing economic equity for African Americans.","The clip is divided into three segments. The first segment of the clip, just under one minute long, begins with Reverend Jesse Jackson, president of People United to Save Humanity (PUSH), standing amongst a group of reporters in front of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church in Atlanta, where Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy, president of SCLC, is pastor.  Speaking into several microphones that reporters have held in front of him, Jackson says \"I think that we have no choice but to act . . . if we do act, there is no guarantee that we will win, but if we don't act, there is a guarantee that we will lose.  I think that we have always been able to organize around programs and around oppression rather than just organize around organizations. In other words, there is no real purpose served for a group of organizations just to sit in a room and talk about what they ought to do. But if there's a dire need, such as there is now to dramatize the plight of poor people, and to raise it up high in the consciousness of people in this country, then around need we come together.\" This is followed by approximately fifteen seconds of b-roll footage that begins with a shot of people walking out of the West Hunter Street Baptist church, then by a shot of several women standing in front of the church. Next, a shot taken from across the street reveals a crowd of people standing in front of the church; the crowd spills from the sidewalk into the street. A television camera operator walks through the group of people as he carries a camera on his shoulder, and the segment ends.","The second segment of the clip, less than one minute long, begins with approximately thirty seconds of b-roll footage that includes a shot of the facade of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church. An African American couple crosses the street in front of the church, and proceeds to enter the building. Next, the camera zooms in on the sign posted in front of the church, which reads: \"West Hunter Street Baptist Church. Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy, Pastor. Sunday - March 4, 1973 10:45 A.M. - Working worship Rev. Jesse Jackson Chicago Illinois Holy communion 7:00 P.M. Baptism welcome.\"  Next, the camera focuses on the church facade, and zooms in on the front doors of the church; a group of parishioners exit the building, and cross the road in front of the church. Next, Jackson responds to questions from the same cluster of African American reporters, standing in the same location as in the first segment of the clip.  The first question that he responds to is not recorded. Jackson then responds \"Well I think that we must get the maximum amount of people involved. In other words, labor is affected adversely by the President's budget, poor white folks, poor black folk, poor brown folk, students, and parents . . . as well as the organizations, you know, that represent these people from time to time.  So if we pull all these forces together, we have the capacity to make this nation take us into account. We must do it.\" Jackson turns to another reporter in anticipation of another question, and the clip ends.","The third segment of the clip, approximately three and a half minutes long, includes more footage of Jackson responding to questions from reporters at the same location in front of the West Hunter Street Baptist Church. The clip begins with Jackson promoting the strength and success of relationships established between PUSH, SCLC, and other social service organizations. Next, an African American reporter, presumably WSB reporter Walt Elder, asks Jackson about his split with Abernathy, and if his visit to Abernathy's church in Atlanta signified a mend in their relationship. Jackson asserts that he and Abernathy had no personal conflicts, and that the two leaders had mutually ventured to build a new organizational relationship. He affirms that those who had sensed a conflict between the two leaders are now pleased to see them working together; he is pleased as well. Elder then follows up his previous question by asking about the efficacy of the coalition between PUSH and SCLC; his question is cut short by a break in the clip. Next, another African American reporter asks a question about Jackson's impression of the African American community; the beginning of his question is not recorded. Jackson opines that the Nixon administration has spent \"a far greater commitment to expanding the opportunities for the rich in China and Russia, in terms of more cheap labor bases and cheap labor markets.\"  Referring to the Nixon administration's proposed cuts to social services, he adds \"there are four white persons for every one black person affected by what Nixon's proposing . . . when black folks are hungry, we demand steak and gravy. The white folks demand Jim Crow.\" He then advocates organizing against companies that profit from African American consumers, yet refuse to place African Americans in positions of leadership, noting \"if we began to consolidate our consumer strength, we could bring most of these giants down to their knees.\" Elder asks Jackson for his opinion about whether or not he thinks the civil rights movement ended after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Jackson replies that the movement has \"been in a valley,\" one reason for this being that African Americans \"have basically won our civil rights, as a matter of protecting them.\" Following up, Jackson says \"Now we have the right to go to any school in America, but we can't pay the tuition. We have the right to move into any neighborhood, but we can't pay the house notes. So we have now entered a civil economics era. And where we would have gone to the Justice Department seeking the right to vote in [19]65, or we'd have gone to the Supreme Court dealing with school desegregation in [19]54, and we would have gone to HEW [the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare] to deal with the War on Poverty in the middle [19]60s. Now we're talking about going to the Treasury Department, and the Commerce Department, and the Labor Department. The whole emphasis of the movement has shifted . . .\" Elder asks Jackson to clarify his point by asking \"And you're saying that it was never over, it's just been the shift that's taken place?\" Jackson responds \"Well, not only has it not been over, but a lot of activity has gone on, but the focus of the nation has shifted from civil rights as a priority. The nation has been more preoccupied with killing in Vietnam than it has healing in America.\" Jackson's further comments are cut off at the end of the clip.","On March 4, 1973, Reverend Jesse Jackson, president of PUSH, spoke at West Hunter Street Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia, a visit that reunited him with Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy, the church's pastor, and president of SCLC. The renewed alliance of the two civil rights leaders was part of an organized effort of national civil rights groups to unite in protest against the Nixon administration's proposed elimination of federal social welfare programs. Jackson, a former member of SCLC, was chosen by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1966 to lead the Chicago offices of Operation Breadbasket, an SCLC initiative that envisioned and utilized the bargaining power of African American church leaders and their congregations to negotiate fair employment for African Americans in their local communities. Having made the Chicago program a success, Jackson rose to become Operation Breadbasket's national director in 1967. Jackson served in this position until 1971, when he resigned from SCLC over disagreements with Abernathy about fundraising and relocating Operation Breadbasket's headquarters to Atlanta (Abernathy having since become SCLC's president after King's assassination). Remaining in Chicago, Jackson restructured Operation Breadbasket resources to create Operation PUSH (originally People United to Save Humanity, then revised to People United to Serve Humanity). PUSH expanded upon Operation Breadbasket's mission to strengthen economic opportunities for African Americans in the business community by also seeking and developing social and political prospects for African Americans.","Reporter: Elder, Walt","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn20982"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American men--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Georgia--Atlanta","Pedestrians--Georgia--Atlanta","Television camera operators--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Church buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Facades--Georgia--Atlanta","Church doors--Georgia--Atlanta","Church doorways--Georgia--Atlanta","African American churches--Georgia--Atlanta","City churches--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Illinois--Chicago","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Illinois--Chicago","Civil rights--Religious aspects--Christianity","Church and social problems","Church and social problems--Georgia--Atlanta","Church and social problems--Protestant churches","Church and the press--Georgia--Atlanta","Church attendance--Georgia--Atlanta","Church membership--Georgia--Atlanta","Church history--20th century","Church publicity--Georgia--Atlanta","Church public relations--Georgia--Atlanta","Church work with African Americans","Church work with African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","Church work with the poor","Church work with the poor--Georgia--Atlanta","Coalitions--Georgia--Atlanta","Coalitions--Illinois--Chicago","Church signs--Georgia--Atlanta","Christian leadership","Christian leadership--Georgia--Atlanta","Reunions--Georgia--Atlanta","Reconciliation","Economic assistance, Domestic--United States","Public welfare--United States","Social policy","City and town life--United States--20th century","Community life--United States--20th century","Civic improvement--United States--20th century","Political culture--United States--20th century","Political participation--United States--20th century","Poverty--Government policy--United States--History--20th century","Economic assistance, Domestic--United States--History--20th century","Poverty--United States","Poverty--Georgia","Social service--Georgia--Atlanta","Community-based social services--Georgia--Atlanta","African American consumers--Georgia--Atlanta","Consumers--Georgia--Atlanta","Boycotts--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Public opinion","Business relocation--Economic aspects--United States","Working class--United States--History--20th century","African Americans--Employment--History","Labor--United States--History","Civil rights workers--Illinois--Chicago","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Attitudes","African American civil rights workers--Attitudes","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Baptists--Georgia--Atlanta","Baptist church buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Poverty--Georgia--United States","United States--Politics and government--1969-1974","United States--Economic conditions--1969-1974","United States--Social policy, 37.3328872, -121.8878623","United States--Economic policy","United States--Social conditions--20th century","United States--Politics and government--20th century","Soviet Union--Foreign relations--1953-1975","China--Foreign relations--1949-1976","United States--Foreign economic relations--China","China--Foreign economic relations--United States","United States--Foreign economic relations--Soviet Union","Soviet Union--Foreign economic relations--United States"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Jesse Jackson talking about the civil rights movement's change in tactics, West Hunter Street Baptist Church, Atlanta, Georgia, 1973 March 4"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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