{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"gych_rbrl001rbrcx_012-003","title":"Material","collection_id":"gych_rbrl001rbrcx","collection_title":"Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Subgroup C, Series X: Civil Rights, 1922-1971","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971"],"dc_date":["1963-08-04/1963-08-28"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--United States","Literacy tests (Election law)--United States","Patronage, Political--United States","African Americans--Civil rights","Legislators--United States","Cloture","United States--Race relations","Poll tax--United States","School integration--United States","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Legislators--Georgia","Civil rights movements--Georgia","United States. Congress. Senate--Cloture"],"dcterms_title":["Material"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/gych_rbrl001rbrcx_012-003#item"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/gych_rbrl001rbrcx_012-003"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["archival materials"],"dcterms_extent":["1 page"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gych_rbrl001rbrcx_003-003","title":"Correspondence","collection_id":"gych_rbrl001rbrcx","collection_title":"Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Subgroup C, Series X: Civil Rights, 1922-1971","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971"],"dc_date":["1963-08/1963-10"],"dcterms_description":["Contains material related to Martin Luther King Jr. Correspondents include Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and Judge Frank M. Scarlett."],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--United States","Literacy tests (Election law)--United States","Patronage, Political--United States","African Americans--Civil rights","Legislators--United States","Cloture","United States--Race relations","Poll tax--United States","School integration--United States","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Legislators--Georgia","Civil rights movements--Georgia","United States. Congress. Senate--Cloture"],"dcterms_title":["Correspondence"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. 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(Richard Brevard), 1897-1971"],"dc_date":["1963-07-11/1963-07-21"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--United States","Literacy tests (Election law)--United States","Patronage, Political--United States","African Americans--Civil rights","Legislators--United States","Cloture","United States--Race relations","Poll tax--United States","School integration--United States","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Legislators--Georgia","Civil rights movements--Georgia","United States. Congress. Senate--Cloture"],"dcterms_title":["Material"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/gych_rbrl001rbrcx_013-003#item"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/gych_rbrl001rbrcx_013-003"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["archival materials"],"dcterms_extent":["9 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gych_rbrl001rbrcx_003-004","title":"Correspondence","collection_id":"gych_rbrl001rbrcx","collection_title":"Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Subgroup C, Series X: Civil Rights, 1922-1971","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971"],"dc_date":["1963-07"],"dcterms_description":["Contains material related to Martin Luther King, Jr. Correspondents include U.S. Representative Edwin E. Williams."],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--United States","Literacy tests (Election law)--United States","Patronage, Political--United States","African Americans--Civil rights","Legislators--United States","Cloture","United States--Race relations","Poll tax--United States","School integration--United States","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Legislators--Georgia","Civil rights movements--Georgia","United States. Congress. Senate--Cloture"],"dcterms_title":["Correspondence"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/gych_rbrl001rbrcx_003-004#item"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/gych_rbrl001rbrcx_003-004"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["correspondence"],"dcterms_extent":["8 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38276","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking of African American civil rights, including voting rights, Augusta, Georgia, 1962 April 2","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Hamilton, C. S. (Charles Spencer), 1927-1997"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Richmond County, Augusta, 33.47097, -81.97484"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1962-04-02"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip, given in a church in Augusta, Georgia, April 2, 1962, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. shares his call for a \"Second Emancipation Proclamation,\" and presents the goal of doubling the number of registered African American voters in the South. King describes his October 1961 request to President John F. Kennedy to issue a \"Second Emancipation Proclamation,\" symbolically freeing African Americans from discrimination and marking the centennial of President Abraham Lincoln's initial declaration. King also addressed the issue of African American voting, saying \"one of the most significant steps that the Negro can take at this hour is that short walk to the voting booth.\"  The statement was made in advance of intensified voter registration efforts by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and their work with the Voter Education Project (VEP) with the goal of doubling the number of registered African American voters in the South. King proposed that every Southern church should have a social action committee with the motto of \"Every member ... a registered voter.\"  King quips that \"even Mr. Roy Harris respects votes.\"  Roy V. Harris, Augusta native and former Speaker of the house in the Georgia House of Representatives, was considered a \"master of white-only, rural-dominated politics\" and was known to staunchly support segregation. The selections of King's comments end with affirmations that although those in the movement may face violence, jail, death, and slander, ultimately, \"we shall overcome.\" After a period of applause for Dr. King's remarks, reverend C. S. Hamilton, leader of the Civil Rights movement in Augusta, speaks about the plans for the week of the Masters Golf Tournament, including mass meetings celebrating the week and newspaper sales.","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn38276"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--Southern States--History--20th century","Voter registration--Southern States","Segregation--Southern States","Voting--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Direct action--Southern States","Legislators--Georgia","Religion and politics--Southern States","Christians--Political activity","African Americans--Politics and government","Race discrimination--Southern States","Mass meetings--Georgia--Augusta","Golf--Tournaments--Georgia--Augusta","Augusta Movement (Augusta, Ga.)","Southern States--Race relations--History--20th century","Georgia--Politics and government--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking of African American civil rights, including voting rights, Augusta, Georgia, 1962 April 2"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38276"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38276"],"dcterms_temporal":["1962-04-02"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn38276, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking of African American civil rights, including voting rights, Augusta, Georgia, 1962 April 2, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0051, 00:00/09:29, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 9 mins., 29 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Harris, Roy Vincent, 1895-1985","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Hamilton, C. S. (Charles Spencer), 1927-1997"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43330","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Myers Hall dormitory mother Minnie Porter speaking to a reporter and senator Carl Sanders speaking about a riot at the University of Georgia as well as images from Athens, Georgia, 1961 January 12","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Porter, Minnie","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01-12"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia on January 12, 1961, images of campus and downtown Athens are seen; a reporter speaks to Minnie Porter, dormitory mother at Myers Hall, after a riot outside the building; and in Atlanta, senator Carl Sanders addresses the riot. As the clip begins, people stand outside of buildings (possibly the fraternities and sororities located on Milledge Avenue) at night. In downtown Athens, cars drive down the streets. A neon sign advertises Tony's Restaurant, and stores are seen across the street. Next, in the daytime, cars drive past Myers Hall dormitory, and students walk along Lumpkin Street and around campus. Several campus buildings are seen, including the Ilah Dunlap Little Library. The hands of two students are seen passing a note back and forth.","After the campus scenes, a reporter interviews Myers Hall dormitory mother Minnie Porter. She says the young women in her dormitory have accepted the university's integration and the presence of Charlayne Hunter, one of the first African American students on campus, in the dorm. When asked if she and the residents were afraid during the previous night's demonstration, she responds that the young women were tired but not afraid. Porter reports that none of the residents have moved out of the dorm yet, although she believes some will eventually. She also relates that the residents have been \"perfectly lovely\" to Hunter.","Next, Georgia senator Carl Sanders from Augusta asserts that the opinions of well-behaved students should not be limited. He also praises governor Ernest Vandiver for his reactions to the previous nights' riots since \"mob rule is good for no one.\"","Lights are seen in another night shot, possibly from a burning cross.  Finally people inside the Chapel hold papers, some filled with signatures. Several petitions regarding the university's integration were sent to the legislature. Groups of students sent at least two petitions, one in favor of keeping the school open even if integrated and one encouraging the legislature to continue the fight against integration. University faculty also sent a petition to the legislature after the January 11 riot condemning the violence and urging the legislature to keep the school open.","Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes first applied to the University of Georgia in the summer of 1959 but were denied based on lack of space according to the university. After several other unsuccessful applications, lawyers for the two students filed a federal lawsuit against the university. On January 6, 1961 federal judge William A. Bootle ordered the university to admit the students and to stop rejecting applicants solely based on race; Hunter and Holmes began attending classes at the University of Georgia on January 11, ending 176 years of segregation. White students and citizens protesting the integration rioted outside of Myers Hall January 11; Hunter and Holmes were suspended \"for their own protection\" and sent back to Atlanta that night. Bootle ordered the students readmitted on January 13 and on January 16 they returned to campus.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn43330"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Central business districts--Georgia--Athens","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Athens","Interviews--Georgia--Athens","Dormitories--Georgia--Athens","Race riots--Georgia--Athens","Race relations","Legislators--Georgia","Greek letter societies--Georgia--Athens","College students--Georgia--Athens--Attitudes","African American college students--Georgia--Athens","College integration--Georgia--Athens","Segregation in education--Georgia--Athens","Petitions--Georgia--Athens","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia","Government, Resistance to--Georgia","Freedom of speech--Georgia--Athens","College integration--Georgia--Athens--Public opinion","Public opinion--Georgia--Athens","Athens (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Myers Hall dormitory mother Minnie Porter speaking to a reporter and senator Carl Sanders speaking about a riot at the University of Georgia as well as images from Athens, Georgia, 1961 January 12"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43330"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43330"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-01-12"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn43330, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Myers Hall dormitory mother Minnie Porter speaking to a reporter and senator Carl Sanders speaking about a riot at the University of Georgia as well as images from Athens, Georgia, 1961 January 12, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0973, 00:00/07:52, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 7 mins., 52 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Porter, Minnie","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014","Hunter-Gault, Charlayne","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38256","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of statements by Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver, Athens mayor Ralph M. Snow, Georgia state treasurer George B. Hamilton, lieutenant governor Garland T. Byrd, and Mrs. Alice Stancil regarding integration of the University of Georgia, Georgia, 1961 January","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Moore, Ray, 1922-","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Snow, Ralph M., -1969","Stancil, Alice W., 1900-1969","Hamilton, George B. (George Bright), 1891-1971","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014","Hazelwood, James Terry","Morris, Aubrey R.","Cook, Eugene, 1904-","Sims, Larky"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Bibb County, Macon, 32.84069, -83.6324","United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01-00"],"dcterms_description":["In this compilation of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from January 9th through 13th of 1961, Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver reads a prepared statement and answers reporters' questions at press conferences about the University of Georgia's court-ordered integration; Athens mayor Ralph M. Snow reports on a January 11 riot at the university; a reporter interviews students about the university's integration and the January 11 riot; a reporter interviews Mrs. Alice Stancil, one of the first female students at the university; state treasurer George B. Hamilton explains why he is withholding money from the University System of Georgia; lieutenant governor Garland T. Byrd answers reporters' questions; and white women picket in front of the capitol building. The clip's audio breaks several times. Not all comments are completely recorded.","The clips begin with a series from the January 12 press conference during which reporters question governor Ernest Vandiver about a January 11 riot at the University of Georgia (UGA). Governor Vandiver reads from a previously issued statement, detailing his reaction to riot events, including his conferences with Georgia attorney general Eugene Cook and UGA president Dr. O.C. Aderhold. He emphasizes that his proclamation called for an abstention from violence. He refers to a memorandum from Colonel William P. Trotter, director of the state Department of Public Safety, regarding details of the evening, as well as a statement by mayor Snow reporting a return to order in Athens. Several of the questions posed to the governor relate to the differences between Trotter's and Snow's accounts of the timeline. Another reporter asks Vandiver about a statement released by his executive secretary Peter Zack Geer that morning and read on an Atlanta radio station. Vandiver displays his annoyance regarding the deletion of the phrase \"let there be no violence ever in Georgia\" during the original broadcast of Geer's statement. Vandiver indicates that he had not informed Geer of the rock throwing the previous evening. Vandiver is questioned about Mr. Hamilton and the possibility of his being in contempt of court. This refers to a temporary restraining order issued Tuesday, January 10 by federal judge William A. Bootle preventing Vandiver from cutting off the university's funding and a subpoena received by state treasurer George B. Hamilton. (Hamilton is interviewed later in this series of clips beginning at approximately 26 minutes.) A reporter questions Vandiver about statements made by Board of Regents member Roy V. Harris, but Vandiver's response is not presented at this point. (His response that he \"belongs to that rapidly growing body of our citizenry who does not engage in an exchange of statements with Roy Harris\" appears at approximately 9 minutes, 55 seconds in this series. The reporters then laugh at his response.) A reporter asks about Harris threatening Dr. Aderhold with physical violence, but Vandiver indicates that he has no knowledge of such. In response to a question, the governor replies that a restraining order had been issued on Tuesday and he was unprepared to comment as the case was on going. This refers to the order by Bootle mentioned earlier. When asked about the university students dealing with the issue of integrating the campus without outside influence, the governor states that the \"entire state has an interest\" so it does not stop at the edge of the campus. At this point there is an extended discussion about the differences between mayor Snow's and Col. Trotter's accounts of the timeline. Vandiver refuses to talk about future events such as the possible return of the African American students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes and the results of the injunction hearing, nor will he comment on the decisions of the campus administrators. Vandiver responds to questions about the passage of a road bill and an upcoming child protection amendment to the Georgia constitution. He praises House representative and floor leader Frank Twitty. This section of clips ends at approximately 8 minutes and 5 seconds; more of the press conference begins at approximately 9 minutes, 55 seconds.","The next clip is of Athens mayor Ralph M. Snow reporting on the January 11 riot that included assaults with rocks and fireworks, and his request to the state patrol for assistance dispersing the rioting crowd. Snow claims that the state patrol was unable to assist because they could not contact their superior officer. Snow states that the city police and local firefighters used tear gas and fire hoses to disperse the crowd and were able to restore order by midnight. He concludes by explaining that by the time the state patrol finally arrived, the situation was already under control, and that his officers were able to preserve order. This section runs from approximately 8 minutes, 6 seconds until approximately 8 minutes, 52 seconds.","The next series of clips is a public statement by Vandiver made on January 9 from the Governor's Mansion. The governor reads from a letter he sent to lieutenant governor Garland T. Byrd and to Speaker of the House of Representatives George L. Smith, II. Vandiver explains that a ruling made earlier in the day by federal judge Elbert P. Tuttle of the United States Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ordering the immediate integration of the University of Georgia will cause the school to close. The clip runs from approximately 8 minutes, 53 seconds to approximately 9 minutes, 54 seconds.","The next series of clips returns to the press conference described earlier. He takes questions from Mr. Freeman Levert (?) and another reporter regarding the return of the African American students to the campus. The responses are not recorded here, and it is not clear if the responses from the earlier section of clips from this press conference originally came from this stop in the interview. Vandiver reads from the Georgia law (section 86106, and sections B, C and D of 1957 Georgia laws, page 47) regarding the responsibilities of the governor and of local officials regarding maintaining the public peace and the use of state militia. He emphasizes that he wants everyone to understand the legal process. Referring to Judge W. A. Bootle's decision to terminate the suspension of Hunter and Holmes from the University of Georgia, Vandiver goes on to state his position to the people of Georgia: through the suspension, the UGA administration had recognized the \"imminent danger presented to the public peace by the presence of plaintiffs on the campus.\" This section of the clips ends with Vandiver commenting on the statements made by \"mayor Shaw\" [i.e., Athens mayor Snow]. Vandiver exists at approximately 13 minutes, 19 seconds, but the clip runs until about 13 minutes, 39 seconds.","The next series of clips of interviews with students on the UGA campus runs from about 13 minutes, 40 seconds until about 19 minutes, 55 seconds. An unidentified reporter interviews students at the University of Georgia about the university's integration and the January 11 riot. An unidentified 1955 university alumnus criticizes riot participants for injuring the reputation of the university and the United States' reputation internationally by undermining democracy. The next unidentified student interviewed believes that if African American students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes return to campus, students will try and keep them out. When asked about the possibility that outsiders helped create the previous night's riot, the student says that he believes the students were primarily responsible for the riot. Another unidentified student counters saying he saw a lot of people who did not look like students at the riot. Next, Terry Hazelwood, student editor at the campus newspaper the \u003ci\u003eRed and Black\u003c/i\u003e emphasizes that while many students do not like integration, nothing good can come from violence. He criticizes the \"few students who give such a black eye to the university.\" Hazelwood reports that campus clubs, including some fraternities and sororities, are working to encourage members to be nonviolent and that students are circulating a petition denouncing the riot. Campus leaders plan to submit the petition to the legislature and governor as well as to the appropriate media outlets. In response to Hazelwood's comments, another unidentified student questions the worth of petitions and state laws, declaring \"all we have is a federal judge cramming something down our throats.\" The student estimates that almost three thousand people participated in the riot and that half of the campus is for segregation and only a quarter is for integration. He concludes emphatically that he is for segregation \"and I will be until I die.\" The male students around him all cheer. Another unidentified student disagrees with the percentages and numbers quoted, feeling instead that the opinions that count are those who take initiative through actions such as signing petitions. Last, Terry Hazelwood notes that at the  \u003ci\u003eRed and Black\u003c/i\u003e they deplore that so few can \"give a black eye\" to the university as a whole. He believes that there are three elements: students who are protesting, students who are acting and trying to keep the violence down, and the large group in-between who don't care one way or the other.","The next fifteen seconds or so is a series of shots around downtown Athens and crowds around the Arches at the front of UGA. These are followed by clips (ca. 2 minutes) of students gathered on campus near Soule Hall and Myers Hall, dormitories on campus. African American student Hamilton Holmes stands near a car, speaking to the driver before the car backs up and leaves. At 22 minutes, 39 seconds, an unidentified reporter speaks briefly to Larky Sims, president of Myers dormitory, regarding the reaction supposedly to Charlayne Hunter being in that dorm, but the question is cut off. Starting at 22 minutes, 51 seconds another unidentified student is interviewed about the riot. The young man believes about one thousand people participated in the riot with a lot of \"hot heads\" and outside help. He thinks there may be more protests, although he doesn't believe they will be as bad.","Next, WSB-TV reporter Ray Moore interviews Mrs. Walter Stancil, one of the early female students on campus, about her experience. Mrs. Stancil, who was knows as Alice Walker during her time at UGA, tells of a time she had asked about a grade in a class she felt was doing well in and was told \"for a girl, you did just wonderful.\" In another instance, the dean of her college told a friend \"we just give degrees to women. They are hardly intelligent enough to earn one.\" Stancil also repeats a comment made to her by Dean Mary D. Lyndon, the first dean of women, who said, \"the only foundation for a higher education is a Christian character.\" Alice Stancil was admitted with several other women to the academic side of the University of Georgia in 1919, the first class of women at UGA. She was active in campus life and became president of the women's student government group. Following graduation, Mrs. Stancil taught school before marrying Walter Stancil and moving to Dalton, Georgia. At the time of the interview, she served as chair of the legislative committee on parent-teacher associations. This series of clips is found at about 23 minutes, 57 seconds into the series and ends at around 26 minutes.","Next, reporter Aubrey Morris interviews state treasurer George B. Hamilton who reads in part from a 1956 appropriations act preventing the state from funding integrated schools. Because of the court-ordered integration of the University of Georgia, Hamilton explains that he is holding over two requests for funds from James A. Blissit, treasurer of the University System of Georgia until he is told what money will be used by the University of Georgia and what money will go to other still segregated schools. He has written to Mr. B. E. Thrasher, Jr., the assistant director of the Bureau of the Budget, regarding section 8 of the Appropriations Act of 1956. (This series of clips runs from about 26 minutes, 1 second to about 30 minutes 9 seconds; there is an extended silent section at 26 minutes, 27 seconds until 27 minutes, 24 seconds. During this section, it appears that Hamilton is reading or making a statement, but the sound is not recorded.)","The next series of clips (about 2.5 minutes) is also silent. Reporters speak to lieutenant governor Garland T. Byrd; Byrd and Vandiver are seen in a January meeting with legislatures and members of the Board of Regents.","There is a short interview, about one minute, with Georgia attorney general J. Eugene Cook regarding the upcoming hearing at the U.S. District Court in Macon. He indicates that the plaintiffs failed to follow all administrative remedies when they applied to the University of Georgia and that they would lose credits moving from a semester to a quarter system. This is followed by several shots of people coming out of a courthouse then driving off. There are other shots of the federal courthouse in Macon that is now called the William Augustus Bootle Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse. There are also shots of the streets of Macon and several shots of an American flag flapping in the wind. All of these clips are silent and last about two minutes. There is a series of silent clips (about 30 seconds) outside the Georgia capitol building of women picketing against the university's integration.","Next, there is a 30 second clip of state senator Carl Sanders from Augusta standing at a microphone; his comments are incompletely recorded, but he seems to be speaking to a group of businessmen.","In a short (ca. 1 minute) clip, Athens mayor Snow describes that 3-4 carloads of state patrolmen arrived at Myers Hall. He, the UGA dean of students J. A. Williams, Athens police chief E. E. Hardy and the state patrol officers conferred and assured dean Williams that order would be preserved.","The last approximately 45 seconds are a series of silent clips that seem to be a meeting of the Georgia legislature.","African American students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes first applied to the University of Georgia in the summer of 1959 but were denied, according to the university, based on lack of space. After several other unsuccessful applications, lawyers Donald Hollowell, Horace T. Ward, and Constance B. Motley filed a federal lawsuit against the university on behalf of the students. On January 6, 1961, federal judge William A. Bootle ordered the university to admit the students and to stop rejecting applicants solely based on race. Governor Vandiver and state officials responded by citing the 1956 appropriations act preventing the state from funding integrated schools. Judge Bootle issued a temporary restraining order against Vandiver on January 10 preventing him from cutting off university funding and on January 13 declared the appropriations act unconstitutional. After a basketball game the evening of January 11 in which the University of Georgia lost to Georgia Institute of Technology, students rioted outside of Myers Hall, the dormitory where Hunter lived. The university suspended Hunter and Holmes \"for their own protection\" and sent them back to Atlanta that evening. Judge Bootle ordered the students readmitted January 13, and they returned to campus January 16.","Reporter: Moore, Ray, 1922-","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn38256"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors--Georgia","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Press conferences--Georgia--Athens","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","College integration--Georgia--Athens","College integration--Georgia--Athens--Public opinion","Public opinion--Georgia--Athens","Mayors--Georgia--Athens","Race riots--Georgia--Athens","Interviews--Georgia--Athens","Segregation in education--Georgia","Lieutenant governors--Georgia","Picketing--Georgia--Atlanta","Legislators--Georgia","College students--Georgia--Athens","Violence--Georgia--Athens","Restraining orders--Georgia--Atlanta","Subpoena--Georgia--Athens","Police--Georgia--Athens","Dormitories--Georgia--Athens","African American college students--Georgia--Athens","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia","Highway law--Georgia","Constitutional amendments--Georgia","Fire departments--Georgia--Athens","Greek letter societies--Georgia--Athens","College students--Legal status, laws, etc.--Georgia","Student suspension--Law and legislation--Georgia","Central business districts--Georgia--Athens","Central business districts--Georgia--Macon","Flags--United States","Athens (Ga.)--Race relations","Georgia--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of statements by Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver, Athens mayor Ralph M. Snow, Georgia state treasurer George B. Hamilton, lieutenant governor Garland T. Byrd, and Mrs. Alice Stancil regarding integration of the University of Georgia, Georgia, 1961 January"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38256"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38256"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-01-00"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn38256, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of statements by Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver, Athens mayor Ralph M. Snow, Georgia state treasurer George B. Hamilton, lieutenant governor Garland T. Byrd, and Mrs. Alice Stancil regarding integration of the University of Georgia, Georgia, 1961 January, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0048, 00:00/38:03, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 38 mins., 3 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Moore, Ray, 1922-","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Snow, Ralph M., -1969","Stancil, Alice W., 1900-1969","Hamilton, George B. (George Bright), 1891-1971","Byrd, Garland T. (Garland Turk), 1924-1997","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014","Trotter, William P. (William Perry), 1919-2004","Geer, Peter Zack","Hazelwood, James Terry","Morris, Aubrey R.","Cook, Eugene, 1904-","Holmes, Hamilton, 1941-","Sims, Larky","Harris, Roy Vincent, 1895-1985","Hunter-Gault, Charlayne","Twitty, Frank Starling, 1907-1981","Tuttle, Elbert P. (Elbert Parr), 1897-1996","Aderhold, O. C., 1899-1969","Bootle, William A., 1902-2005","Williams, Joseph A., 1915-1993","Lyndon, Mary D., -1924","Blissit, James A.","Thrasher, B. E., Jr., 1904-1964?","Hardy, E. E. (Edward E.)"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gych_rbrl001rbrcx_015-008","title":"Material","collection_id":"gych_rbrl001rbrcx","collection_title":"Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Subgroup C, Series X: Civil Rights, 1922-1971","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971"],"dc_date":["1960-03-03/1960-03-11"],"dcterms_description":["Contains material related to James E. Jackson Jr. and the Sit-in Movement."],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--United States","Literacy tests (Election law)--United States","Patronage, Political--United States","African Americans--Civil rights","Legislators--United States","Cloture","United States--Race relations","Poll tax--United States","School integration--United States","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Legislators--Georgia","Civil rights movements--Georgia","United States. Congress. Senate--Cloture"],"dcterms_title":["Material"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. 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(Richard Brevard), 1897-1971"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43161","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia House of Representatives clerk Glenn Wilson Ellard reading a committee report regarding integration at the University of Georgia in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January 19","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Ellard, Glenn Wilson, 1912-2001"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-01-19"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB-TV newsfilm clip from the Georgia House of Representatives in Atlanta, Georgia on January 19, 1961, House clerk Glenn Wilson Ellard reads the report of a special committee on integration at the University of Georgia to the legislative body. The audio portion of the clip fades out at several points. Speaker of the House George L. Smith appointed the special committee \"to investigate and ascertain the incidents which were precipitated by the entrance of two Negro students to the University of Georgia, Athens.\" The recorded sections of the report cover classes, demonstrations, and students, and include a petition signed by university faculty and statements and responses of Dr. Harmon W. Caldwell, Chancellor of the University System and of Robert O. Arnold, chair of the Board of Regents.","According to the report, newsmen who were on campus to witness and record the school's integration interfered with classes; on January 19, as many as thirty newsmen followed African American students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes on campus. After contacting press associations about reporters' behavior, the university was assured of better behavior. The report details several campus demonstrations, including the January 11 riot at Hunter's dorm, Myers Hall, that resulted in minor injuries to several people and the suspension of Hunter and Holmes. The report also highlights the committee's concern that university officials were limiting students' rights to demonstrate and express opinions. Questions and statements between representative George B. Brooks, chair of the special committee and representative for Oglethorpe County, and Chancellor Caldwell focus on the university's regulations of student speech. Next, Ellard reads a portion of a resolution signed by over three hundred faculty members condemning violence and calling for the reinstatement of Hunter and Holmes, who were suspended following the January 11 riot \"for their own safety.\" Ellard finishes by reading questions and statements between committee secretary Hiram K. Undercofler of Sumter County and Robert O. Arnold of the Board of Regents addressing university polices toward students. The full-text of this committee report may be found in the House Journal for this date.","Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes first applied to the University of Georgia in July 1959. University officials claimed \"lack of space\" and refused to admit the two African American students for several quarters. In the fall of 1960, African American attorneys Donald Hollowell, Constance B. Motley, and Horace T. Ward filed a federal lawsuit seeking admission for the two students. Federal judge William A. Bootle on January 6, 1961 ordered the university to admit the two students, ending the university's segregation. Holmes and Hunter registered for classes January 9, and attended their first classes on campus January 11. White students and citizens rioted on January 11 following a basketball game where the University of Georgia team lost to Georgia Tech, leading to the suspension of Hunter and Holmes and their return to Atlanta.  Some of the white students who were arrested during the riot were also suspended, leading other legislators to propose bills paying their tuition at other institutions.  On January 13, judge Bootle ordered the university to readmit the two students, and they returned to classes January 16.","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn43161"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Legislators--Georgia","Committees--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation in education--Georgia--Athens","College integration--Georgia--Athens","College students--Georgia--Athens","African American college students--Georgia--Athens","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Athens","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia","Petitions--Georgia--Athens","Freedom of speech--Georgia--Athens","College integration--Georgia--Athens--Press coverage","Georgia--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia House of Representatives clerk Glenn Wilson Ellard reading a committee report regarding integration at the University of Georgia in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January 19"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43161"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43161"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960-01-19"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn43161, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia House of Representatives clerk Glenn Wilson Ellard reading a committee report regarding integration at the University of Georgia in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January 19, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0968, 00:00/14:02, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 14 mins., 2 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Ellard, Glenn Wilson, 1912-2001","Holmes, Hamilton, 1941-","Hunter-Gault, Charlayne","Undercofler, Hiram K., 1916-1998","Arnold, Robert O.","Caldwell, Harmon White, 1899-1977","Brooks, George B., 1905-1982","Aderhold, O. C., 1899-1969"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gych_rbrl001rbrcx_008-005","title":"Correspondence","collection_id":"gych_rbrl001rbrcx","collection_title":"Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Subgroup C, Series X: Civil Rights, 1922-1971","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971"],"dc_date":["1960/1965"],"dcterms_description":["Contains material related to the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), Martin Luther King Jr., the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the John Birch Society (JBS). Correspondents include Calvin Kytle, Sen. John C. Stennis, and Sen. A. Willis Robertson."],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--United States","Literacy tests (Election law)--United States","Patronage, Political--United States","African Americans--Civil rights","Legislators--United States","Cloture","United States--Race relations","Poll tax--United States","School integration--United States","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Legislators--Georgia","Civil rights movements--Georgia","United States. Congress. Senate--Cloture"],"dcterms_title":["Correspondence"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/gych_rbrl001rbrcx_008-005#item"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/record/gych_rbrl001rbrcx_008-005"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: Richard B. Russell, Jr. Collection, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["correspondence"],"dcterms_extent":["40 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_wilson_ahc099272014a","title":"General Assembly Committee on Schools, Sibley Commission","collection_id":"geh_wilson","collection_title":"Bill Wilson Photographs, 1938-1979, undated","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Wilson, Bill (William Bryan), 1914-1993"],"dc_date":["1960"],"dcterms_description":["View of Senator Clary of the General Assembly Committee on Schools listening to Reverend W. W. Witherspoon speak during a meeting of the Committee in Atlanta, Georgia.","In 1960, Georgia Governor Ernest Vandiver, Jr. was faced with a decision to either close public schools or comply with a federal order to desegregate them. To avoid conflict with the federal government, He directed the Georgia General Assembly to create the General Assembly Committee on Schools. The committee was charged with gauging public sentiment regarding school desegregation and reporting back to the governor. Atlanta businessman John Sibley was selected to lead this effort, and therefore the committee was often referred to as the Sibley Commission. Although He believed in segregation, Sibley hoped to minimize support for massive resistance to school desegregation for practical reasons. He held ten public hearings across the state in which the debate was confined to two choices: continuing massive resistance at the expense of the school system or amending state law to allow token integration while keeping segregation largely intact. Most of those in attendance at the meetings supported total segregation of the schools. Sibley recommended that the state accept the federal decision to desegregate the schools despite the commission's findings. In January of 1961, Governor Vandiver introduced a bill that accepted the Sibley Commission's recommendations for desegregation."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Bill Wilson Photographs, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center, Atlanta, Ga."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation--Georgia","School integration--Georgia","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia","Discrimination in education--Georgia","Legislative hearings--Georgia","Committees--Georgia--Atlanta","Meetings--Georgia--Atlanta","Georgia. General Assembly. 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He held ten public hearings across the state in which the debate was confined to two choices: continuing massive resistance at the expense of the school system or amending state law to allow token integration while keeping segregation largely intact. Most of those in attendance at the meetings supported total segregation of the schools. Sibley recommended that the state accept the federal decision to desegregate the schools despite the commission's findings. 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