{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn53258","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Mayor Ivan Allen commenting that African Americans are locked into poverty by discrimination, Atlanta, Georgia, 1968 March 1","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Allen, Ivan, 1911-2003"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1968-03-01"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from March 1, 1968, Atlanta mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. comments on the published findings of the U.S. National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders.","The clip begins with Allen speaking at a press conference, where he projects the city's future use of state or federal aid awarded for the implementation of recommendations established by the U.S. National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. He emphasizes that the city will \"do everything that we possibly can to assure that there will be complete law and order in this city during this coming summer as well as subsequent years.\" A reporter comments \"There are a lot of poor white people in America, and the report, of course dealt with Negro rioting.\" He then asks \"Do you think there is a danger of the poor whites being forgotten in our concern for the Negro?\"  Allen responds that he thinks that although the report focuses on rioting in African American neighborhoods, it also recognizes the problem of poverty in America as a whole. He then defines what he considers to be the differences between white and African American poverty. \"Of course the difference between white poverty and Negro poverty is white poverty has always had the opportunity to move out of the area of poverty, whereas by segregation and discrimination the Negro in the past has been confined legally, by laws almost, into the area of poverty. There was the difference between having hope and opportunity, and having hope and opportunity denied by law.\" Allen then acknowledges that poverty must be addressed as it affects both whites and African Americans.","On February 29, 1968, the U.S. National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, also known as the Kerner Commission (after the commission's chairman, Illinois governor Otto Kerner), released a report based upon its seven-month investigation of racial disturbances that took place in one hundred sixty-four American cities between 1964 and 1967. The commission, convened by President Lyndon Johnson, was asked to determine the cause of previous riots and propose solutions. Many whites believed that the rioting was caused by an organized African American political conspiracy. The commission contradicted this notion, and instead implicated white racism in the foundation and perpetuation of an intolerable environment for African Americans living in the city, therefore precipitating riot conditions. Federal and local housing, education and social service initiatives and officials were rebuked for failing to effectively address the needs of the African American urban poor. The commission also criticized law enforcement for handling disturbances in African American neighborhoods inappropriately, and denounced the news media for its racial bias and insufficient analysis of the origins of civil disturbances and race relations. In the most famous line of the report, the commission warned \"our nation is moving toward two societies: one black, one white--separate and unequal.\" The Kerner commission recommended a substantial commitment of resources to prevent further social polarization. Members proposed a restructuring of federal welfare, increased federal subsidization of jobs and job training, and funding for new housing programs designed to eliminate residential segregation. Mayor Allen, along with mayors from other major American cities that sustained rioting in previous years, upheld the report's conclusions. President Johnson, however, dismissed the commission's recommendations; he considered them to be both too radical and financially unrealistic.","Title supplied by cataloger.","DigiBeta preservation master.","Condition notes: 2007-10, Leader Replaced (Benyshek)"],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn53258"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Mayors--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","Poverty--Georgia--Atlanta","Demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Race relations","Municipal government--Georgia--Atlanta--History--20th century","Federal government--United States--History--20th century","Urban policy--United States--History--20th century","Urban policy--Georgia--Atlanta--History--20th century","Government aid--Georgia--Atlanta","Federal-city relations--Georgia--Atlanta","Human services--Georgia--Atlanta","Public welfare--Georgia--Atlanta","Poverty--Research--United States","Cities and towns--Research--United States","Urban poor--United States","Urban poor--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","African Americans--Economic conditions--20th century","African American neighborhoods--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Economic conditions","African Americans--Politics and government--20th century","African Americans--Civil rights--Government policy","Whites--Politics and government--20th century","Whites--Economic conditions","Civil rights--United States","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Government policy--United States--20th century","Civil rights--Government policy--Georgia--Atlanta--20th century","Poor--United States","Poor--Georgia--Atlanta","Poor African Americans--United States","Poor African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","Poor blacks--Georgia--Atlanta","Riots--United States","Riots--Georgia--Atlanta","Race riots--United States","Race riots--Georgia--Atlanta","Riot control--United States","Riot control--Georgia--Atlanta","Social conflict--United States","Social conflict--Georgia--Atlanta","Violence--Forecasting","Political violence --Southern States --History --20th century","Segregation--United States","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination--United States","Race relations--Economic aspects","Race discrimination--United States","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Political aspects--United States","Race discrimination--Political aspects--Georgia--Atlanta","Prejudices--Georgia--Atlanta","Opportunity--Georgia--Atlanta","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations","United States--Race relations","United States--Race relations--Political aspects","United States--Race relations--History--20th century","Atlanta (Ga.)--Economic conditions","Atlanta (Ga.)--Economic conditions--20th century","United States--Economic conditions","United States--Economic conditions--20th century","United States--Social policy","Atlanta (Ga.)--Social policy","United States--Politics and government--20th century","United States--Social conditions--20th century","Atlanta (Ga.)--Social conditions--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Mayor Ivan Allen commenting that African Americans are locked into poverty by discrimination, Atlanta, Georgia, 1968 March 1"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn53258"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn53258"],"dcterms_temporal":["1968-03-01"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn53258, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Mayor Ivan Allen commenting that African Americans are locked into poverty by discrimination, Atlanta, Georgia, 1968 March 1, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1445, 13:38/15:03, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 25 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Allen, Ivan, 1911-2003"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn44591","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of African Americans celebrating and demonstrating as they prepare for the Poor People's March on Washington, 1968","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["King, Coretta Scott, 1927-2006","King, Alberta Williams, 1904-1974","Gladys Knight and the Pips","Wonder, Stevie"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1968"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips dated 1968, Poor People's Campaign participants stop in Atlanta en route to Washington D.C., where protests are scheduled; they eat at Morehouse College, view Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthplace and grave site, and attend a preliminary rally at the Atlanta Civic Center. Alberta Williams King speaks to an audience in front of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthplace at 501 Auburn Avenue; Reverend Joseph E. Boone speaks to mourners at King's original burial site at South-View Cemetery; Coretta Scott King addresses a Poor People's Campaign rally at the Atlanta Civic Center; and Gladys Knight and the Pips and Stevie Wonder perform for the rally audience. Some images in the clip repeat.","The clip, which is approximately seven minutes long, begins with several shots taken of a march in Atlanta that precedes the Poor People's Campaign in Washington, D.C. Shots of the march are interspersed with a close-up shot of a group of spectators; several people carry a banner that reads \"I'm on my way Poor people's march on Washington.\" Next, a large group of African American people serve themselves food from a series of tables filled with casseroles and prepared foods inside of the Archer Hall gymnasium at Morehouse College. A reporter (off camera) asks an unidentified elderly African American woman from Mississippi how far she is traveling; she tells him that she is going to Washington, D.C., that she will stay there \"for a while,\" then return to Mississippi; she then agrees that she may have to return to Washington \"again and again,\" in the reporter's words.  This is followed by a brief shot of Ebenezer Baptist Church, taken from a distance; the Atlanta skyline is visible, and several buses are parked in front of the church.","Next, Martin Luther King, Sr., Coretta Scott King, and several of the King children are gathered together amidst a crowd on what is presumably the unveiling of a plaque memorializing King's birthplace at 501 Auburn Avenue on May 9, 1968; this is followed by a shot of passersby looking down at the ground, and then by a shot of the plaque, which reads \"Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in this house January 15, 1929.\" Next, an eleven-piece Motown band performs at the Poor People's Campaign rally in front of a banner that reads \"Poor People's Campaign benefit\"; the band was flown in by Motown Record Corporation president Berry Gordy, along with several prominent Motown acts that included Diana Ross and the Supremes, Gladys Knight and the Pips, Stevie Wonder, and the Temptations.  Shots of Gladys Knight and the Pips performing are interspersed with shots of the audience; fragments of songs are recorded on the audio track. Next, Coretta Scott King addresses the audience from a microphone; she says \"I'm sure my late husband is smiling on the city of Atlanta tonight for . . . this enthusiastic and overwhelming welcome that you are displaying in your presence here and for the support of the Poor People's Campaign . . .\" The audience sings \"We shall overcome,\" accompanied by the band onstage.","Next, in a silent section of the clip, two school buses are parked alongside South-View Cemetery. The camera pans to the right, towards Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s original burial site at the cemetery, where a large crowd has gathered beneath an awning beside King's grave. Reverend Joseph E. Boone speaks to the crowd as he stands next to King's headstone; one mourner wipes away tears with a handkerchief. There are several more shots of the crowd at the cemetery, of passengers returning to the buses, of Boone, of the eternal flame at King's grave, and a close-up of King's epitaph, which reads \"Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. 1929-1968 'Free at last free at last, thank God almighty I'm free at last.'\" This is followed by a school bus pulling into the Atlanta Stadium parking lot, and a crowd of people marching down the street past the stadium. People stand in a parking lot, unload their luggage from the tour buses and wait in lines with their luggage on the ground. The sound returns, and background noise is audible as several shots from the march shown at the beginning of the clip are repeated. Next, a group of people wait outside of what appears to be an academic building, presumably at Morehouse College; this is followed by people serving themselves food from large tables, and sitting down to eat inside of the Archer Hall gymnasium at Morehouse College.","The clip returns to footage of the audience at the Poor People's Campaign rally, interspersed with shots of Gladys Knight and the Pips (William \"Red\" Guest, Edward Patten, and Merald \"Bubba\" Knight), and a shot of Stevie Wonder performing. The audio track is uneven; fragments of songs are heard along with background noise. Next, Coretta Scott King is introduced to the audience; she says \"At this time in our nation there is a need to rededicate ourselves and recommit ourselves to bring about the kind of society and the kind of world where men and women, boys and girls can really live in dignity and freedom and justice and in peace.\" This is followed by several close-ups of members of the audience singing \"We Shall Overcome.\" As the song ends, Ralph David Abernathy, president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), makes his way through the audience.","Next, Alberta Williams King, mother of the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., speaks to a group of people in front of her son's birthplace on 501 Auburn Avenue; due to several breaks in the clip, her comments are not completely recorded. This is presumably back at the unveiling of the memorial plaque in front of King's birth home; cameramen film the plaque, next, Alberta Williams King describes the Auburn Avenue neighborhood and community as \". . . unpretentious, honest, and plain. And so were the people who lived here, people from all walks of living lived here together, and there existed a wonderful friendship, fellowship, and closeness to one another.\" There is a shot of a group of African American police officers, then a shot of Martin Luther King, Sr. and Coretta Scott King standing amidst the crowd on Auburn Avenue. Alberta Williams King's voice is recorded over the shot. This is followed by an overexposed shot of a walkway in front of a building with columns and large windows; the last shot in the clip is of the front of Ebenezer Baptist Church. The church doors are open, several clusters of people are gathered in front of the church, and two motorcycles are parked in front of the building.","Following Dr. Martin Luther King's assassination on April 4, 1968, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference vowed to continue work on the Poor People's Campaign in his memory. Cooperating with other civil rights and relief organizations, SCLC members planned a six-week event in Washington, D.C. that lasted from May 2 to June 19 to emphasize the plight of the nation's poor and to persuade the passage of federal legislation that would improve the economic and social conditions of the impoverished. SCLC leaders organized several regional caravans to travel to Washington, D.C. A delegation of approximately five hundred people from Mississippi and Alabama arrived on buses in Atlanta on May 9 to rest before they resumed travel to Washington; food and lodging were provided by private Atlanta residents and members of local churches. While in Atlanta, Poor People's Campaign participants viewed King's birthplace and original burial site at South-View cemetery (his remains were moved to the King Center in 1970), and attended a preliminary rally at the Atlanta Civic Center. The crowd at the rally drew an audience of approximately thirteen thousand people, and included speakers Coretta Scott King, Ralph D. Abernathy, and Hosea Williams; musical performances were provided by Diana Ross and the Supremes, the Temptations, Stevie Wonder, and Gladys Knight and the Pips. Poor People's Campaign demonstrators traveled onward to Washington, where they lived in Resurrection City, a tent settlement on the Mall, and protested at numerous federal agencies on behalf of economic justice. A \"Solidarity Day\" march and held on June 19 (the date commemorating the 1865 emancipation of the last African American slaves held in bondage in the Confederate states, also known as \"Juneteenth\") signified the end of the campaign.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn44591"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","Poverty--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Stadiums--Georgia--Atlanta","Gymnasiums--Georgia--Atlanta","We shall overcome","Caravans--Georgia--Atlanta","Travelers--Georgia--Atlanta","Spectators","Dinners and dining--Georgia--Atlanta","Church buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Church doors--Georgia--Atlanta","Church doorways--Georgia--Atlanta","Church attendance--Georgia--Atlanta","Church membership--Georgia--Atlanta","African American churches--Georgia--Atlanta","Grief--Georgia--Atlanta","Bereavement--Georgia--Atlanta","Birthplaces--Georgia--Atlanta","Memorial rites and ceremonies--Georgia--Atlanta","Memorial service--Georgia--Atlanta","Sepulchral monuments--Georgia--Atlanta","Monuments--Georgia--Atlanta","Historic buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Memorials--Georgia--Atlanta","Historical markers--Georgia--Atlanta","Band musicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Musical groups--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","African Americans--Politics and government--20th century","Civil rights movements--United States--History--20th century","African Americans--Economic conditions--20th century","Economic assistance, Domestic--Citizen participation","Social service--Citizen participation","Social movements--United States","African American musicians--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civic leaders--Georgia--Atlanta","Musicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Soul musicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Rhythm and blues musicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Entertainers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American entertainers--Georgia--Atlanta","Banners--Georgia--Atlanta","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Atlanta","Epitaphs--Georgia--Atlanta","Elderly poor--Georgia--Atlanta","Older people--Georgia--Atlanta","Older African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","African American neighborhoods--Georgia--Atlanta","Tour buses--Georgia--Atlanta","Tour bus parking--Georgia--Atlanta","School buses--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Camera operators--Georgia--Atlanta","Luggage--Georgia--Atlanta","Burial--Georgia--Atlanta","Crying--Georgia--Atlanta","Handkerchiefs--Georgia--Atlanta","Passersby","Audiences--Georgia--Atlanta","Poor African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","Poor--Social conditions--20th century","Poor--Services for--Georgia--Atlanta","Poor--United States","Poverty--United States","Food--Georgia--Atlanta","Motorcycles--Georgia--Atlanta","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Washington (D.C.)--Race relations--History--20th century","United States--Social conditions--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of African Americans celebrating and demonstrating as they prepare for the Poor People's March on Washington, 1968"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn44591"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn44591"],"dcterms_temporal":["1968"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn44591, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of African Americans celebrating and demonstrating as they prepare for the Poor People's March on Washington, 1968, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1027, 17:37/24:22, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 6 mins., 45 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Family","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Birthplace","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Tomb","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Homes and haunts--Georgia--Atlanta","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968--Influence","King, Martin Luther, Sr., 1899-1984","King, Coretta Scott, 1927-2006","Wonder, Stevie","Wonder, Stevie--Performances","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Boone, Joseph E., 1922-2006","King, Alberta Williams, 1904-1974"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn52053","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Q. V. Williamson demanding that the Board of Education correct the discriminatory over-crowding and segregation in schools in Atlanta, Georgia, 1967 October 12","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Williamson, Q. V.","Johnson, Leroy, 1928-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1967-10-12"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from October 12, 1967, Q. V. Williamson demands the Board of Education correct the discriminatory over-crowding and segregation in Atlanta, Georgia schools.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn52053"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["School boards--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","De facto school segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation in education--Georgia--Atlanta","African American students--Georgia--Atlanta","Race relations","School management and organization--Georgia--Atlanta","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Atlanta (Ga.). Board of Education"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Q. V. Williamson demanding that the Board of Education correct the discriminatory over-crowding and segregation in schools in Atlanta, Georgia, 1967 October 12"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn52053"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn52053"],"dcterms_temporal":["1967-10-12"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn52053, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Q. V. Williamson demanding that the Board of Education correct the discriminatory over-crowding and segregation in schools in Atlanta, Georgia, 1967 October 12, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1411, 19:20/27:59, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 8 mins., 39 secs.): color, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Williamson, Q. V.","Johnson, Leroy, 1928-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn51711","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of H. Rap Brown predicting the onset of race war and announcing that Stokley Carmichael has been killed in Alabama, 1967 June 12","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Al-Amin, Jamil, 1943-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Autauga County, Prattville, 32.46402, -86.4597","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1967-06-12"],"dcterms_description":["In this clip dated June 12, 1967, H. Rap Brown, chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), reads from a prepared press statement condemning recent racial violence against SNCC members in Prattville, Alabama, and responds to a question about the rumored death of former SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael.","The clip is divided into two segments. In the first segment, H. Rap Brown, chairman of SNCC, speaks to a group of reporters in front of a warehouse in Atlanta. The first few seconds of the clip contain no audio. The audio begins with H. Rap Brown saying \"foul play already. We don't know how accurate that is. We have a statement prepared here that I am going to read.\" Reading from the statement, Brown announces that \"it appears as if Alabama has been chosen as the starting battleground for America's race war.\" Brown says that it is \"both fitting and appropriate,\" for \"next to America and its Vietnam action, Alabama polls highest in the death toll of black men.\" He continues by announcing \"we will no longer sit back and let black people be killed by murderers who hide behind the sheet or who hide behind the badge of the law. It is clear that the law cannot and will not protect black people. This is no accident.\" Referring to an incident in Prattville, Alabama, where former SNCC director Stokely Carmichael was imprisoned and SNCC members, including SNCC executive secretary Stanley Wise, were trapped inside a house and shot at by Klansmen, Brown states \"we recognize and accept yesterday's action by racist white America as a declaration of war. We feel that this is a part of America's Gestapo tactics to destroy SNCC as well as to commit genocide against black people. We are calling for full retaliation from the black community across America. We blame Lyndon Johnson.\"","He concludes his press statement with an appeal to African American servicemen in Vietnam \"We extend a call for black brothers now serving in Vietnam to come home to the defense of their mothers and their families. This is their fight. We say to brothers in the armed forces: if you can die defending your motherlands, you can die defending your mothers.\" A reporter asks \"What evidence do you have that Stokely has been killed?\" Brown corrects the reporter, and says \"I said that it has been rumored that Stokely Carmichael has met with foul play. We've obtained this through several sources, and we're not about to divulge the sources until we find out more about it.\" He announces that he will not be answering any more questions, directs reporters to a released press statement, and walks away from the camera. Several white news reporters remain gathered at the site of the press conference.","The second segment of the clip is silent, and shows alternate shots of Brown, surrounded by a group of mostly white reporters as he reads from his press statement into a series of hand-held press microphones. The camera captures these shots from several angles and distances. Next, a group of several young African American men and a woman guard the entrance to a doorway that leads up to a flight of stairs. They make way for a young African American woman to pass through. After conducting a conversation with someone off-camera, the African American woman standing with the young men guarding the doorway makes her way into the building, and up the flight of stairs. The clip ends with a shot of a WSB cameraman operating a television camera, labeled with \"WSB News\" and \"2.\"","On June 11, 1967, Stokely Carmichael, the former director of SNCC, was arrested on charges of disorderly conduct by local police while working on a voter registration campaign in Prattville, Alabama. In protest of the arrest, a large group of African Americans demonstrated in front of the city jail, demanding Carmichael's release. Despite the protests, Carmichael remained imprisoned, and that evening, several homes housing African American voting rights activists were shot into by members of the Ku Klux Klan. SNCC executive secretary Stanley Wise, trapped inside of one of these houses by persistent gunfire, made several telephone calls to Atlanta's SNCC office that evening to request assistance and report that he heard Carmichael had been lynched. When SNCC members in Atlanta tried to confirm Carmichael's location with local authorities in Prattville that evening, they were rebuffed. The next morning, Wise and other SNCC volunteers were arrested and charged with inciting a riot. Alabama governor Lurleen Wallace authorized the state police and National Guard to enter Prattville and search the homes of African American civil rights leaders; those who resisted the searches were harassed and beaten. Still without confirmation on Carmichael's status, and lacking a robust campaign of organizers to dispatch to Prattville and counteract events there, SNCC authorized its new chairman H. Rap Brown to release a statement at a press conference in Atlanta. Carmichael, still alive, was held in the Autauga County jail until June 13, 1967. On the day of his release, Carmichael led a march in Montgomery to protest the events in Prattville.","Title supplied by cataloger.","Originally dated April 1, 1967. Further research of events in the clip determine that Brown delivered the press statement on June 12, 1967"],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn51711"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Alabama","Race relations","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Race riots--Alabama","War--Alabama","Civil rights demonstrations--Alabama","Racism--United States--History--20th century","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination--Alabama--Prattville","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Alabama--Prattville","Protest movements--United States--History--20th century","Protest movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--United States","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Alabama--Prattville","Civil rights workers","Civil rights workers--United States","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Alabama--Prattville","African American civil rights workers","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Alabama--Prattville","African American civil rights workers--Assassination attempts--Alabama--Prattville","Government, Resistance to--United States","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements--United States","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Public opinion--Georgia--Atlanta","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Youth--Georgia--Atlanta","Draft","Draft--United States","Draft--Georgia--Atlanta","United States--Social conditions--20th century","Black power--United States","Black power--Georgia","Black power--Alabama","African American radicals--Georgia--Atlanta","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Photographers--Georgia--Atlanta","Photojournalists--Georgia--Atlanta","Television camera operators--Georgia--Atlanta","Television cameras--Georgia--Atlanta","Alabama--Race relations-History--20th century","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations","Prattville (Ala.)--Race relations","Georgia--Race relations","Georgia--Race relations--History--20th century","Alabama--Race relations","Southern States--Race relations--History--20th century","Prattville (Ala.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Georgia--Social conditions--20th century","Alabama--Social conditions--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of H. Rap Brown predicting the onset of race war and announcing that Stokley Carmichael has been killed in Alabama, 1967 June 12"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn51711"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn51711"],"dcterms_temporal":["1967-06-12"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn51711, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of H. Rap Brown predicting the onset of race war and announcing that Stokley Carmichael has been killed in Alabama, 1967 June 12, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1390, 40:53/42:59, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 mins., 6 secs.): color, silent ; 16 mm.","1 clip (b-roll): color, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Al-Amin, Jamil, 1943-","Carmichael, Stokely, 1941-1998","Wise, Stanley Leroy, 1942-","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn51376","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an unidentified African American man commenting on the need for African American leaders to help the youth of Atlanta, Georgia, 1967 April 26","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Summerhill, 33.73788, -84.38437"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1967-04-26"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from April 26, 1967, an unidentified African American man criticizes Atlanta civil rights leaders for seeking publicity at the expense of community responsibilities during the 1966 Summerhill riots, proposes that young African Americans appeal to Atlanta's wealthier African Americans instead of white employers for job opportunities, and criticizes members of the African American community for not working to earn first class citizenship.","In the clip, an unidentified African American man remarks that he is \"depressed with the type of situation that is going on today, especially in the Negro community.\" He blames African American civil rights leaders for entering communities and \"starting trouble,\" for leaving once \"trouble\" begins, and for returning when news cameras cover the aftermath. Here, he may be referring to Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) chairman Stokely Carmichael, who, in September of 1966 was present during a neighborhood confrontation with Atlanta police that took place in the city's Summerhill section, though when the situation degenerated into street rioting, Carmichael had already left town. Despite expressing disapproval for Carmichael and SNCC, Atlanta's moderate African American leaders were disinclined to criticize either in the press by name. Next, the man blames Atlanta civil rights leaders for abdicating the responsibility of restoring order when demonstrations break down in African American neighborhoods. He refers specifically to the Summerhill riots as an example of failed African American leadership where, in his view, crowds were left to be appeased by Atlanta mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. He poses the question \"Where are the Leroys, or the other so-called leaders that say that they are the leaders?\" This is possibly a reference to Leroy Johnson, an African American state senator from Fulton County and prominent Atlanta civil rights advocate.","He proposes that activists concerned with the African American community \"try to offer a program\" that provides opportunities for young African American adults seeking employment instead of \"depending upon the so-called 'great white father'\" to give them a job. He continues by describing Atlanta as a place that is \"blessed with a host of influential Negroes\" who possess the financial means to do something constructive for the African American community, and believes that making an appeal to these affluent African Americans is better than \"depending so on the white power structure to give them something.\" To further illustrate his point, he describes how he would he would be ashamed if he were given something that he didn't earn; he then criticizes members of the African American community for not working hard enough, stating \"we expect something for nothing. We say we want first class citizenship, but we don't want to earn it.\"","Atlanta's Summerhill riots, which took place on September 6, 1966, began as a neighborhood demonstration against police brutality in the shooting of a suspected African American car thief. Tensions escalated after policemen arrested SNCC staffers for refusing to turn off a loudspeaker brought in for residents to voice their personal observations of the shooting. Angered by these arrests, the crowd reacted by throwing bottles and rocks at police. As the situation deteriorated, Atlanta mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. made attempts to appease demonstrators by climbing on top of a police car to address their demands, but he was heckled by the crowd and knocked off of the vehicle. SNCC headquarters were subsequently raided by Atlanta police, and SNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael was convicted of inciting to riot and disorderly conduct. SNCC rejected the claims against Carmichael, and asserted that the rioting was caused instead by the failure of the mayor and other city officials to address longstanding complaints about substandard housing and municipal services. Although the charges against Carmichael were ultimately overturned on appeal, Atlanta's white establishment held SNCC responsible for the violence at Summerhill, and moderate African American civil rights leaders distanced themselves from the organization. In response to the Summerhill riots, Mayor Allen and other politicians established the biracial Community Relations Commission in November of 1966 for residents of Atlanta's African American neighborhoods to communicate grievances with City Hall.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn51376"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","African American children--Georgia--Atlanta","Publicity--Georgia--Atlanta","Social influence","Community activists--Georgia--Atlanta","Civic leaders--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civic leaders--Georgia--Atlanta","Communities--Georgia--Atlanta","Community leadership--Georgia--Atlanta","African American leadership--Georgia--Atlanta","Community power--Georgia--Atlanta","Polarization (Social Sciences)--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Communication","Whites--Communication","Riots--Georgia--Atlanta","Race riots--Georgia--Atlanta","Riot control--Georgia--Atlanta","Social conflict--Georgia--Atlanta","Interpersonal confrontation--Georgia--Atlanta","Political activists--Georgia--Atlanta","Mayors--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American neighborhoods--Georgia--Atlanta","Urban African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","Young adults--Employment--Georgia--Atlanta","Young adults--Georgia--Atlanta","African American youth--Georgia--Atlanta","African American youth--Employment--Georgia--Atlanta","Work ethic--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Economic conditions--20th century","Economic assistance, Domestic--Citizen participation","Rich people--Georgia--Atlanta","Social service--Citizen participation","Social responsibility of business--Georgia--Atlanta","African American business enterprises--Georgia--Atlanta","African American capitalists and financiers--Georgia--Atlanta","Businessmen--Georgia--Atlanta","Businesspeople--Georgia--Atlanta","African American businesspeople--Georgia--Atlanta","Opportunity--Georgia--Atlanta","Shame--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Unemployment--Georgia--Atlanta","Georgia--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an unidentified African American man commenting on the need for African American leaders to help the youth of Atlanta, Georgia, 1967 April 26"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn51376"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn51376"],"dcterms_temporal":["1967-04-26"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn51376, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an unidentified African American man commenting on the need for African American leaders to help the youth of Atlanta, Georgia, 1967 April 26, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1381, 13:21/15:29, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 mins., 8 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Allen, Ivan, 1911-2003","Carmichael, Stokely, 1941-1998","Johnson, Leroy, 1928-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48893","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking about ongoing discrimination and the benefits of nonviolence, Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 November 10","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Dallas County, Selma, 32.40736, -87.0211","United States, Alabama, Lowndes County, Hayneville, 32.18403, -86.58025","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, 32.22026, -86.20761","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-11-10"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from November 10, 1965,  Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers a speech before the Atlanta Press Club, where he addresses racism in the Southern justice system, tokenism in desegregation practices, and affirms his conviction in nonviolent direct action. The audio quality of the clip is poor.","The clip is divided into two segments. The first segment of the clip begins with King addressing the audience (off-camera) at an Atlanta Press Club meeting. He states that recent events in Lowndes County, Alabama, \"suggest that the whole structure of Southern justice is contaminated with racism and corrupted by color consciousness,\" a reference to the recent acquittal of Klansman Collie Leroy Wilkins, the accused killer of civil rights activist Viola Liuzzo, by an all-white jury in Hayneville, Alabama. King suggests that the system needs \"drastic alteration.\"","After a jump in the clip, King proposes the adoption of a \"Selma-Montgomery-type\" model of nonviolent direct action in order to \"arouse the conscience of the nation,\" noting that he and others are prepared to initiate this activity. He states that he is still convinced that nonviolent direct action protest is the best way to \"improve the inadequacies existing in the American social system\" and notes that nonviolent resistance wears down on the opponent of such tactics because it \"exposes his moral defenses, weakens his morale, and at the same time, it works on his conscience.\" He further endorses nonviolent resistance by adding that \"it also makes it possible for the individual to struggle to secure moral ends through moral means.\"","The second segment of the clip begins with silent b-roll footage of the Atlanta Press Club event. There are several shots of the audience, the dais, where Andrew Young and King's secretary Dora McDonald are seated next to King, and the Atlanta Press club banner interspersed with several seconds of King speaking from the podium without any audio track. After a break in the clip, the camera closes in on King; the audio track resumes as King continues to address the audience. King challenges institutions and administrators who purport to practice desegregation, but are in fact resisting it by practicing tokenism. He refers to this obstruction as a \"sophisticated form of delay\" and \"one of the most difficult problems that our movement confronts.\" The clip jumps several times and truncates King's further comments.","On November 10, 1965, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. addressed the Atlanta Press Club, a newly-formed organization of Atlanta-area journalists. Speaking on behalf of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), King criticized the Department of Justice for weak enforcement of both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965; an absence of much-needed federal intervention was keenly felt in voter registration drives throughout rural Alabama and Mississippi, areas with a longstanding history of violent retribution against African Americans attempting to exercise their civil rights. He pledged to direct SCLC's efforts to these regions of the South. King also declared that SCLC would organize mass protests in order to shed light on racial injustice in the legal system. Of primary concern was the ability of state and local legislators to establish qualifications for jurors and jury service, which enabled segregationists to uphold racist practices in the courtroom. King advocated reforms that included a federal standard for jurors, the supervision of jury selection by federal officials, and the employment of African Americans at all levels of state and local law enforcement agencies. At this speech, King also sought the enactment of federal legislation that would make the murder or intimidation of civil rights activists a federal crime.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48893"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Nonviolence--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Race relations","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Press--Georgia--Atlanta","Secretaries--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Murder--Alabama","African Americans--Crimes against--Alabama","African Americans--Civil rights--Alabama","Women--Violence against--Alabama","Women--Crimes against--Alabama","Jury--Alabama","Jury--Qualifications--Alabama","Jury--Supervision of--Alabama","Jury selection--Alabama","Justice","Social justice--Southern States","Voter registration--Mississippi","Voter registration--Alabama","Intervention (Federal government)--Alabama","Justice, Administration of--United States","Justice, Administration of--Alabama--Hayneville","Courts--United States","Courts--Officials and employees","Courts--Rules and practice","Courts--Alabama--Hayneville","Courts--Officials and employees--Alabama--Hayneville","Courts--Rules and practice--Alabama--Hayneville","Courts--Southern States","Trials--Southern States","Trials (Civil rights)--Southern States","Trials (Hate crimes)--Alabama--Hayneville","Hate crimes--Alabama","Trials--Alabama--Hayneville","Trials (Murder)--Alabama--Hayneville","Trials (Civil rights)--Alabama--Hayneville","Government, Resistance to--Southern States","Prejudices--Southern States","Race discrimination--Alabama--Hayneville","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--United States","Segregation--Southern States","Segregation--Law and legislation","Segregationists","Southern States--Race relations","Southern States--Social conditions","Southern States--Social conditions--1945-","Justice, Administration of--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Civil rights--Southern States","Race discrimination--Southern States","Racism--Southern States","African Americans--Segregation--Alabama","African Americans--Segregation--Southern States","African Americans--Social conditions--20th century","African Americans--Violence against--Alabama--Selma","African Americans--Segregation","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Prejudices--Alabama--Hayneville","Racism--Alabama--Hayneville","United States--Race relations","Civil rights movements--Alabama--Selma","Civil rights demonstrations--Alabama--Selma","Civil rights workers--Violence against--Alabama--Selma","African American clergy--Georgia","Clergy--Georgia","Offenses against the person--Alabama--Selma","Nonviolence","Nonviolence--Religious aspects","Passive resistance","Direct action","Clubs--Georgia--Atlanta","Southern States--Race relations--History--20th century","Alabama--Social conditions--20th century","Hayneville (Ala.)--Race relations","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking about ongoing discrimination and the benefits of nonviolence, Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 November 10"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48893"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48893"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-11-10"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48893, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking about ongoing discrimination and the benefits of nonviolence, Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 November 10, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1320, 2:15/03:33, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 18 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (b-roll): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Liuzzo, Viola, 1925-1965","Young, Andrew, 1932-","Wilkins, Collie Leroy","McDonald, Dora"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn46073","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of mayor Ivan Allen holding a meeting with Atlanta civic leaders about recent desegregation demonstrations, and Fulton county solicitor William T. Boyd pledging to prosecute demonstrators who break the law, Atlanta, Georgia 1964 January 27 and 1964 January 29","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Allen, Ivan, 1911-2003","Boyd, William T., 1920-1965","Forman, James, 1928-2005"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1964-01-27"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip dated January 27 and 29, 1964, Atlanta mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. addresses a body of white and African American business, religious, and civic group leaders at City Hall with regard to recent demonstrations centered around segregated restaurants and hotels involving members of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR), and the Ku Klux Klan that resulted in violence; members of SNCC, SCLC and several Atlanta community leaders address the same audience in City Hall; and Fulton county solicitor general William T. Boyd makes an announcement at a press conference where he pledges to prosecute demonstrators who violate the law. Several segments of the clip appear to be out of sequence.","The clip is divided into two parts. The first part, approximately six minutes long, begins with a silent portion comprised of several scenes of a government assembly. A poorly-lit close-up of an unidentified speaker is followed by another unidentified speaker at a podium, and then a shot of several men, presumably city legislators, who are working at a long desk. Behind them, a wall is lined with portraits. A different group of men, who are also presumably city legislators, are seated listening. The screen goes black. The next several silent scenes are taken","inside of Atlanta City Hall, and show Mayor Allen speaking to a full audience comprised of both whites and African Americans. The next portion of the clip contains sound. Reading from a prepared statement, Mayor Allen says \"this irresponsible element that chooses to assume threatening posture and attack our city destructively will find that they cannot undermine Atlanta's solid foundation of fairness and freedom built so patiently over many years by men and women of good sense and good will of both races.\" The sound drops out at the end of Allen's statement. The next few silent scenes include a close-up of men taking notes, a shot of an unidentified African American man with a cane speaking into a standing microphone that is taken from behind two video cameras, and several more shots of the audience.","The next shot contains sound. Here, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) executive secretary James Forman says \"there is no malice in the hearts of anyone who adheres to the principle of nonviolence against a particular individual; in fact, we love our white brothers even though they make it difficult for us to love. We even love the Ku Klux Klan that was demonstrating against us, even though they may not understand that . . .\" He is interrupted by Mayor Allen, who reminds Forman to remain on subject; Allen reminds him that he is extending him every courtesy he has of other speakers. Forman defends his speech by replying \"Well, I am speaking to the subject, because the subject involves the rationale of the demonstrations in the city of Atlanta. Some of us have been called irresponsible, and I think it's necessary for the city of Atlanta at this moment to understand some of the reservoir which produces the need for demonstrations.\" The sound drops out at the end of Forman's statement.","In the next few silent shots, Mayor Allen speaks to the audience from the podium, pointing for emphasis; this is followed by several shots of the audience. The camera closes in on the front row where restaurateur Lester Maddox, owner of the segregated Pickrick restaurant is seated; Maddox raises his hand to speak. This is followed by several shots of an unidentified white man, reading from a prepared statement at the standing microphone. The clip jumps to several shots of segregated Leb's restaurant, where a small group of African American and white demonstrators picket along the sidewalk carrying a banner that reads \"Democracy on the line why are students in jail?\" These shots are interspersed with shots of a white police officer directing traffic, and two white police officers standing on a street corner, presumably the corner of Forsyth and Luckie Streets, and the location of Leb's restaurant. In the next shot, Mayor Allen speaks from a podium at the meeting in city hall.","The next shot contains sound. Here, Mayor Allen states \"I have asked you to meet here this afternoon to help evaluate and work out a solution to a situation which threatens not only the good name, but beyond that, even the public safety of this city.\" The clip breaks and skips to another section of Allen's address, where he says \"Atlanta's tolerance has been almost unlimited. Atlanta's desire for every citizen to have liberty, freedom, and equal rights is unabated. Atlanta will not slow down or stop in its efforts to work out solutions to all problems of racial relations. That is the course of action to which Atlanta has been and shall continue to be committed.\"  The sound drops out again. Several Atlanta business and community leaders speak to the audience from the stand microphone; the leaders include Atlanta board of education member Dr. Rufus E. Clement, executive secretary of the Atlanta Restaurant Association Ed England, an unidentified African American leader, and executive director of SCLC Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker. There are several more silent shots of the audience interspersed with close-up shots of Maddox, and shots of cameramen filming Mayor Allen speaking at the podium; one of the cameramen is operating his camera while simultaneously holding a lit cigarette. There are further shots of the audience and of Mayor Allen guiding an unidentified white man to the microphone; the man goes on to read from a prepared statement. There are several exterior shots of Atlanta city hall, including one where three men in overcoats and hats enter the building; this is followed by further scenes from the meeting, where the mayor and members of the audience are led in prayer by a young white clergyman. After the clergyman concludes the prayer, the standing audience collectively sits down. Next, a white audience member asks a question from his seat; the clip jumps to a shot of the audience taken from behind Mayor Allen as people are looking for places to sit down. The last shot in the first part of the clip shows Mayor Allen arranging his documents at the podium.","In the second segment of the clip, which is approximately five minutes long, William T. Boyd, solicitor general of the Atlanta judicial circuit reads from a prepared statement delivered on January 27, 1964. He is filmed seated inside an office; there is a typewriter at the desk and a file cabinet in the background. After a false start, Boyd states \"Tragedy, bloodshed and death were narrowly averted in the streets of Atlanta this past weekend. That some persons of both races, white and Negro, escaped serious and possibly fatal injuries was the merest accident and I thank God for that accident.\" He pauses, the clip breaks, then he resumes speaking; the beginning of his statement is recorded incompletely.  He argues that the conflict that broke out during protests the previous weekend provides the nation with a false picture of Atlanta \"which does not show the harmony with which our Negro and white citizens have worked to improve the lot of both races here\" and points to examples of peaceful school desegregation, voluntary desegregation by some merchants and restaurant owners, and peaceful demonstrations as examples of Atlanta's successful race relations. Boyd expresses his faith in the law, notes that law enforcement groups cannot uphold the law without the help of the public, noting \"here respect for it is weakened, where the prophets of hate and deceit, who love not themselves, their nation, or their god prevail against it, there is tragedy. \" He urges citizens to uphold the law in order to preserve public safety. Boyd stops, asks the cameraman \"How was it, alright?\" grabs his waiting cigarette, and takes a puff. The clip breaks, and then returns to a shot of Boyd leaving the desk with a stack of papers in his hand. The clip breaks to a gray screen, and resumes with what is probably an earlier shot of Boyd, seated at the desk.  He announces that he is bringing twenty-four cases to the Fulton county grand jury on Tuesday, that they are known as \"the Krystal cases\" (presumably cases involving demonstrators attempting to desegregate Atlanta-area Krystal restaurants), and involve Georgia's anti-trespass law.  He announces \"I will use this office and its resources to curb violence by hoodlums and thugs of any race.\" The clip breaks, and Boyd expresses that as solicitor general of the Atlanta judicial circuit, that it is his \"duty to speak out against those who would seek their day in court in the streets jeopardizing the lives of innocent bystanders as well as those who are in direct and violent disagreement with them.\" He acknowledges \"Vital forces are at work in the Negroes' rightful attempt to gain their full constitutional recognition as Americans. Equally vital forces, and not always purely racial ones, are behind the opposition to Negro goals.\" He asserts \"it is my sworn duty as solicitor general to uphold the law, to prosecute without fear or favor those who would violate the law. The law stands between us and chaos, no matter what our station in life, no matter what our beliefs, no matter what our race. The law is our promise that we can walk the very streets in safety . . .\" He refers once more to the violent events of the previous weekend, before the clip ends; Boyd's comments are incompletely recorded.","On January 29, 1964, Atlanta mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. convened a meeting of African American and white community leaders at Atlanta city hall; he hoped to resolve heightened tensions over the partial desegregation of Atlanta restaurants and hotels, and the lack of a public accommodations law barring segregation in Atlanta. Allen's actions were prompted by a series of demonstrations organized by members of SNCC and COAHR that had elevated in intensity since December of 1963. In the four days prior to the meeting at city hall, more than three hundred people had been arrested in connection to these demonstrations. The most disruptive of these protests took place on Sunday, January 26 at segregated Leb's Restaurant in downtown Atlanta, where picketers had attracted approximately one thousand white spectators, some of whom were members of the Ku Klux Klan. Clashes between civil rights demonstrators, spectators, and restaurant personnel resulted in the injury of several demonstrators and police officers, property damages to the restaurant, and the blocking of street traffic.  The Atlanta Restaurant Association placed full page ads in Atlanta papers, declaring that the city had placed too much pressure on restaurant owners to desegregate, and denied segregated establishments full protection by law enforcement when demonstrators picketed their establishments.","At the January 29 meeting, Mayor Allen requested a thirty-day moratorium on desegregation demonstrations, and upheld his support for an active federal civil rights bill to desegregate public accommodations. He announced that city police would begin to enforce the arrest of trespassers at sit-ins to accommodate restaurateurs, but that lawful picketing would be permitted and protected. Time was also allotted to Atlanta police chief Herbert Jenkins to summarize the police department's policy regarding the enforcement of laws related to public demonstrations. The mayor requested the attendance of members of the Atlanta Board of Aldermen, legislators from Fulton and DeKalb counties, members of the Summit Leadership Conference, a coordinating body for more than eighty civil rights groups in Atlanta, and representatives from SCLC, COAHR and SNCC. The meeting was also attended by members of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce and the Atlanta Restaurant Association. Despite Mayor Allen's efforts, the meeting accomplished little beyond demonstrating his engagement in the ongoing problem. The Chamber of Commerce and the Atlanta Restaurant Association declared that they favored voluntary desegregation rather than a public accommodations law; the elder and more conservative members of the Atlanta Summit Leadership Conference were in agreement with the mayor regarding the thirty-day \"cooling off period,\" but the members of SCLC and SNCC refused to comply; and Allen's proposed thirty-day moratorium on demonstrations went unheeded.  Six months later, with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in July, Atlanta restaurants were finally required to integrate by law.","Title supplied by cataloger.","Former title read \"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of mayor Ivan Allen holding a meeting about demonstrations by African Americans in Atlanta, Georgia, 1964 January 27.\" Research of the events in the clip determine that the date of Mayor Allen's address was January 29, 1964, and that William Boyd's statement was made on January 27, 1964."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn46073"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Police--Georgia--Atlanta","Violence--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Lawyers--Georgia--Atlanta","County attorneys--Georgia--Atlanta","Politicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Meetings--Georgia--Atlanta","Audiences--Georgia--Atlanta","Mayors--Georgia--Atlanta","Clergy--Georgia--Atlanta","African American clergy--Georgia--Atlanta","Picketing--Georgia--Atlanta","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Atlanta","Traffic police--Georgia--Atlanta","Riots--United States","Riots--Georgia--Atlanta","Race riots--United States","Race riots--Georgia--Atlanta","Riot control--United States","Riot control--Georgia--Atlanta","Social conflict--Georgia--Atlanta","Interpersonal confrontation--Georgia--Atlanta","Violence--Forecasting","Political violence--Southern States--History--20th century","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Southern States","Segregation--Southern States","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregationists--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregationists--Southern States","African Americans--Segregation--Southern States","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Southern States","Civil rights demonstrations--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Southern States","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Southern States","Community activists--Georgia--Atlanta","Civic leaders--Georgia--Atlanta","Educators--Georgia--Atlanta","African American educators--Georgia--Atlanta","City halls--Georgia--Atlanta","Restaurants--Georgia--Atlanta","Restaurants--Southern States","Discrimination in restaurants--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in restaurants--Southern States","Discrimination in public accommodations--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in public accommodations--Southern States","Discrimination in education--Georgia","Discrimination in education--Southern States","Segregation in education--Georgia","Segregation in education--Southern States","School integration--Georgia--Atlanta","Grand jury--Georgia--Atlanta","Television camera operators--Georgia--Atlanta","Smoking--Georgia--Atlanta","Smoking in the workplace--Georgia--Atlanta","Atlanta (Ga.)--Officials and employees","Atlanta (Ga.)--Politics and government--20th century","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of mayor Ivan Allen holding a meeting with Atlanta civic leaders about recent desegregation demonstrations, and Fulton county solicitor William T. 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