{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn45688","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an interracial group of civil rights students turned away after attempting to integrate S \u0026 W Cafeteria in Atlanta, Georgia, 1963 June 9","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1963-06-09"],"dcterms_description":["In this silent WSB newsfilm clip possibly from June 9, 1963, an interracial group of civil rights student demonstrators are turned away in their attempt to integrate the S \u0026 W Cafeteria in Atlanta, Georgia. The clip begins with an interracial group of student demonstrators walking down the street. The men wear white shirts and ties and the women wear dresses; an African American woman and a white man have their arms around each others' waists. Outside a downtown building a group of white men confronts the students, and a white man pushes the students away from a doorway as he tries to close it. The students appear to speak to a white man in sunglasses; the African American woman has her arms draped around an African American man and a white man. The students try to maneuver themselves into the restaurant when the door opens. White patrons who leave try and avoid the demonstrators; a crowd on the sidewalk watches the exchange. Next the camera focuses on a broken glass panel at the bottom of the door. People walk on the sidewalk in front of the S \u0026 W Cafeteria between the demonstrators in front of the building and observers on the edge of the sidewalk. The demonstrators hold hands and stand in a line with their backs to the camera. The camera focuses on a white man in sun glasses who paces near the observers. The demonstrators again speak to the white men in front of the building before they walk away. Integration efforts in Atlanta focusing on restaurants and lunch counters began April 17, 1963 led by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR). Students demonstrated at the S \u0026 W Cafeteria, Leb's Restaurant, and Ship Ahoy. On May 29 the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce called upon member businesses to desegregate as soon as possible. On June 25, 1963 thirty-five eating establishments agreed to quietly desegregate on a thirty-day trial basis. Some whites picketed the integrating restaurants, and eventually most of the restaurants resegregated. Most Atlanta-area restaurants desegregated following the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn45688"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American college students--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Central business districts--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Direct action--Georgia--Atlanta","Restaurants--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in restaurants--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Sit-ins--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an interracial group of civil rights students turned away after attempting to integrate S \u0026 W Cafeteria in Atlanta, Georgia, 1963 June 9"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn45688"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn45688"],"dcterms_temporal":["1963-06-09"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn45688, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an interracial group of civil rights students turned away after attempting to integrate S \u0026 W Cafeteria in Atlanta, Georgia, 1963 June 9, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1116, 34:42/36:18, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 36 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn45232","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of civil rights workers protesting segregation at Leb's Restaurant and S \u0026 W Cafeteria in Atlanta, Georgia, 1963 May 20","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1963-05-20"],"dcterms_description":["In this silent WSB newsfilm clip from May 20, 1963, white and African American students demonstrate against segregation at Leb's Restaurant and later S \u0026 W Cafeteria in Atlanta, Georgia. The clip is divided into two segments. The first segment, which is about 3 minutes long, begins with African American students and a white man pushing against each other in front of Leb's Restaurant as they are watched by a white audience standing in front of a service building across the street. An agitated, white Atlanta police officer and Charles Leb, the restaurant's owner, speak to the demonstrating students. The camera focuses on a broken window held together with tape and a cigarette burn in fabric. Scenes of the white audience across the street are interspersed with those of the demonstrators standing in front of the restaurant's door. A white student speaks to someone inside the restaurant before standing in front of the door with an interracial group of students who were pushed out of the building. At one point a black student is knocked over as the open door pushes him back. A policeman approaches the door and goes inside the restaurant. The clip ends showing the Leb's Restaurant sign and a man leading the demonstrators across the street.","The second clip segment, which is about one minute long, begins with a two young men, one white and the other African American, standing in the doorway of Leb's. A white young woman stands behind the men. Cameramen taking pictures and film of the demonstrators are seen in the background. The students try to speak to someone through an open door and are pushed out when they try to enter the restaurant. One of the white men keeping them out appears to punch a demonstrator. Leb and the white man beside him shove the demonstrators when they try to push their way inside. One of the demonstrators, an African American young man, is knocked to the ground and covers his head with his arms to protect it. Next, the interracial group walks down the sidewalk; a white young man and an African American young woman walk beside each other. The group approaches the S \u0026 W Cafeteria and are again shoved away when the try to enter through the glass door. Later a man is seen through the window taping a crack in the lower half of the glass door. Finally the demonstrators walk away together.","On March 9, 1960 students at the Atlanta University Center issued \"An Appeal for Human Rights\" citing segregation and discrimination in seven areas of the city; student-led sit-ins and other demonstrations began later that week. The Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR), organized by students that March, and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), a national organization created in May of that year, led a significant number of the Atlanta demonstrations. Negotiations ended sit-ins in March 1961 on the condition that lunch counters integrate shortly after Atlanta schools desegregated in September. A second phase of the direct-action movement began in the spring of 1963 when students again began protesting segregated hotels and eating facilities. On May 20 students protested for over four hours at Leb's restaurant where an African American demonstrator claimed an employee threw him to the ground; court officials refused to issue a warrant against the employee for assault and battery because a policeman standing nearby had watched the exchange and had not agreed to file charges. Although the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors unanimously requested on May 30 that all businesses serving the public desegregate their facilities, most merchants ignored the request. On June 20, 1963 fifty restaurant owners reached an unofficial agreement with African American leaders for complete desegregation of facilities although most of the restaurants resegregated by the end of the year. Leb's restaurant integrated in July 1964 following the passage of the Civil Rights Act as did many of the other restaurants in the city.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn45232"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Restaurants--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in restaurants--Georgia--Atlanta","African American college students--Georgia--Atlanta","College students--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Central business districts--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Direct action--Georgia--Atlanta","Passive resistance--Georgia--Atlanta","Police--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Violence--Georgia--Atlanta","Nonviolence--Georgia--Atlanta","Sit-ins--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of civil rights workers protesting segregation at Leb's Restaurant and S \u0026 W Cafeteria in Atlanta, Georgia, 1963 May 20"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn45232"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn45232"],"dcterms_temporal":["1963-05-20"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn45232, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of civil rights workers protesting segregation at Leb's Restaurant and S \u0026 W Cafeteria in Atlanta, Georgia, 1963 May 20, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1090, 25:17/28:11, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 mins., 54 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm.","1 clip (about 40 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Lebedin, Charles, 1901-1989"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43858","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students protest segregation outside of an anniversary open house at Leb's Restaurant in Atlanta, Georgia, 1962 July 18","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1962-07-18"],"dcterms_description":["In this silent WSB newsfilm clip from Atlanta, Georgia on July 18,1962 African American students protest segregation outside Leb's Restaurant during an open house celebrating the restaurant's thirteen years in business. The clip begins by focusing on a man holding the full-page newspaper advertisement for the open house at Leb's restaurant. According to the Atlanta Journal, the advertisement invited \"come one, come all\" to the anniversary celebration. Next Charles Lebedin, the restaurant's owner, speaks to a younger white man as customers walk through the doorway; seen through the doorway, a young African American woman works inside the restaurant. Later two African American women and an African American man cross the street, walking away from the restaurant, and the camera focuses on the restaurant's sign showing bunting hanging below. The camera again focuses on the restaurant's doorway where Lebedin and the younger man seen earlier greet customers. Former Georgia governor Marvin Griffin comes to the restaurant and appears to encourage Lebedin; the image in this section is slightly washed out and hard to see. After this, Lebedin stands outside the restaurant speaking to James Foreman, executive secretary of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Foreman also speaks to an African American woman who stands outside the restaurant with him. Across the street white people watch the exchange before the camera again focuses on the restaurant's sign. An African American woman stands below the sign but she is obscured in the darkness. James Foreman holds the newspaper advertisement seen earlier and the camera briefly focuses on the \"Leb's\" sign before more white patrons are seen walking through the restaurant's door.","African American students working with the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) began protesting segregated lunch counters in March 1960. Although the groups were not running any organized campaign against Atlanta segregation during the summer of 1962, a small group of African Americans stood outside Leb's for three hours protesting the deceptive \"come one, come all\" open house advertisement. Charles Lebedin protested that he would integrate when other downtown restaurants did and did not thing it fair to make him a \"guinea pig.\" Thirty-five downtown restaurants agreed to desegregate in June 1963 after two months of sit-ins and protests although many resegregated by the end of the year.  Leb's Restaurant, like many other Atlanta restaurants, integrated in 1964 following the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act which required businesses to desegregate.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn43858"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Restaurants--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in restaurants--Georgia--Atlanta","African American college students--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Central business districts--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","College students--Georgia--Atlanta","Direct action--Georgia--Atlanta","Passive resistance--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Governors--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students protest segregation outside of an anniversary open house at Leb's Restaurant in Atlanta, Georgia, 1962 July 18"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43858"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43858"],"dcterms_temporal":["1962-07-18"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn43858, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American students protest segregation outside of an anniversary open house at Leb's Restaurant in Atlanta, Georgia, 1962 July 18, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0993, 26:18/28:03, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 45 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Lebedin, Charles, 1901-1989","Griffin, Marvin, 1907-1982","Forman, James, 1928-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38253","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of NAACP executive director Roy Wilkins speaking to reporters at a press conference before the NAACP annual convention held in Atlanta, Georgia, 1962 July 1","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Morris, Aubrey R.","Wilkins, Roy, 1901-1981"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1962-07-01"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from a press conference held in Atlanta, Georgia on July 1, 1962, Roy Wilkins, executive director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), speaks to reporters before the beginning of the organization's national convention. Audio for the clip is inconsistent; comments may not be completely recorded. The clip begins with Roy Wilkins speaking to reporters, possibly from a conference room at the Hilton Inn; only part of his initial comments is recorded. While the Kennedy presidential administration has not passed any civil rights legislation, Wilkins believes they have \"created a friendly climate for civil rights.\" As evidence of the administration's support, Wilkins cites the encouragement of voter registration, the protection of Freedom Riders, and the president's personal attitude of concern. Wilkins also specifically mentions that president John F. Kennedy believes in the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court decision; in contrast, Wilkins states that Kennedy's predecessor Dwight D. Eisenhower refused to endorse or comment publicly on the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown vs. Board of Education. Wilkins makes a comment about a luncheon for NAACP \"life members\" that is not completely recorded. When asked about segregation in downtown eating facilities, Wilkins points out over one thousand five hundred delegates are attending the convention, and they will eat anywhere they can. Wilkins imagines some may try to eat at segregated restaurants in Atlanta, but does not believe sit-ins or other demonstrations will be the convention's focus. The clips audio breaks before Wilkins mentions a previous NAACP convention held in Kansas City, Missouri where restaurants closed, allegedly for remodeling, rather than face the possibility of integration. Wilkins is not surprised that some Atlanta restaurants have closed for a similar reason. Replying to a reporter's question about citizenship behavior among African Americans, Wilkins views African Americans just as other American citizens: some of whom are active in improving their communities and others who are less so. The clip audio breaks again after which Wilkins expands on the situation with Eisenhower and the Supreme Court ruling in the Brown case. Wilkins asserts that the White House's attitude toward civil rights influences the country and maintains that the president should have a positive attitude toward African Americans. When asked if Wilkins sees token integration as a step in the right direction, he responds that \"as a practical matter it isn't a step.\" Another reporter asks if Wilkins knows how many convention participants are housed at the Hilton Inn; Wilkins' response is not recorded. Wilkins outlines the convention's focus as school desegregation in the North and in the South; increased voter registration in the South; and elimination of discrimination in employment and in housing. The organization will view other issues, such as segregation of public accommodations, as \"clean-up\" work. Asked about potential conflicts from several organizations in the South focusing on voter registration, Wilkins recognizes the long-standing interest of the NAACP in voter registration and welcomes the \"good and healthy\" competition between the various civil rights groups. The reporters and Wilkins then speak about the effects of hotel segregation in Atlanta on the convention. Wilkins acknowledges that convention participants do not like hotel segregation and that many participants will express their displeasure. Although the audio breaks again, Wilkins continues by sharing with the reporters copies of telegrams sent by the NAACP to labor organizer Jimmy Hoffa and to singer and actress Doris Day, who each have financial interests in one of Atlanta's segregated hotels. The telegrams appear to indicate the NAACP's displeasure with hotel segregation in Atlanta. While Wilkins explains that he chose to make reservations at a desegregated hotel rather than use publicity to potentially force desegregation, he later indicates that NAACP attempts to negotiate with the segregated hotels made little progress. Wilkins informs reporters that Atlanta was chosen as a convention site two years ago and reminds them of the NAACP's long presence in the South. He points out that some members enjoy attending the annual convention a little closer to their home. While the Atlanta convention was not specifically organized as a way of pressuring businesses to desegregate, Atlanta \"is the heart of the South ... and it is the city that should be making the greatest progress in race relations.\" The camera moves to another angle and a man in a light suit is seen sitting next to Wilkins; also seen is a WSB camera and reporter Aubrey Morris. The clip ends with a portion of a comment by Wilkins where he points out that because of segregation, talented African Americans from Georgia like Jackie Robinson are being forced from the state in search of desegregated opportunities.","Reporter: Morris, Aubrey R.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn38253"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Congresses and conventions--Georgia--Atlanta","Presidents--United States","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Politics and government","Central business districts--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Direct action--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in public accommodations--Georgia--Atlanta","Discrimination in restaurants--Georgia--Atlanta","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Race discrimination--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","School integration--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Sit-ins--Georgia--Atlanta","Voter registration--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of NAACP executive director Roy Wilkins speaking to reporters at a press conference before the NAACP annual convention held in Atlanta, Georgia, 1962 July 1"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38253"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38253"],"dcterms_temporal":["1962-07-01"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn38253, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of NAACP executive director Roy Wilkins speaking to reporters at a press conference before the NAACP annual convention held in Atlanta, Georgia, 1962 July 1, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0047, 32:26/50:25, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 17 mins., 59 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Wilkins, Roy, 1901-1981","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Morris, Aubrey R.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_wstanford_ahc108001003a","title":"Civil Rights Demonstration","collection_id":"geh_wstanford","collection_title":"William Stanford, Sr. Photographs, 1960","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1960-12"],"dcterms_description":["View of unidentified men protesting segregated facilities outside of Rich's store in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.","Protests; civil rights movement; omega psi phi; fraternity; fraternities","In December of 1960 African Americans, perhaps students attending Atlanta University Center colleges and universities, protested racial segregation policies of Rich's Department Store by picketing in front of the Rich's store in downtown Atlanta, Georgia."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["William Stanford Sr. Photographs, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center, Atlanta, Ga."],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta--History--1951-","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta--History--1951-","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations--History--1951-","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","Men--Georgia--Atlanta","African American men--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Social conditions--To 1964","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Clothing and dress--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Clothing","Storefronts--Georgia--Atlanta","Department stores--Georgia--Atlanta","Cities and towns--Georgia--Atlanta","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Atlanta","Picketing","Race relations","Discrimination in public accommodations--Georgia--Atlanta","Automobiles--Georgia--Atlanta","Buses--Georgia--Atlanta","Streets--Georgia--Atlanta","Public utilities--Georgia--Atlanta","Wood poles--Georgia--Atlanta","Street lighting--Georgia--Atlanta","Rich's (Retail store)","African American college students--Georgia--Atlanta","College students--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Central business districts--Georgia--Atlanta","Direct action--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest marches--Georgia--Atlanta","Passive resistance--Georgia--Atlanta","Atlanta University Center (Ga.)--Students","Stores, Retail--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["Civil Rights Demonstration"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/cdm/ref/collection/WStanford/id/4"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This material is protected by copyright law. (Title 17, U. S. Code) Permission for use must be cleared through The Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center. Licensing agreement may be required."],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["8 x 10 in. silver gelatin print"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_wstanford_ahc108001001a","title":"Civil Rights Demonstration","collection_id":"geh_wstanford","collection_title":"William Stanford, Sr. Photographs, 1960","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1960-12"],"dcterms_description":["View of an unidentified man handing a flyer protesting segregated facilities to Roswell E. Smith outside Rich's department store in downtown Atlanta, Georgia.","Protests; civil rights movement","In December of 1960 African Americans, perhaps students attending Atlanta University Center colleges and universities, protested racial segregation policies of Rich's Department Store by picketing in front of the Rich's store in downtown Atlanta, Georgia."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["William Stanford Sr. Photographs, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center, Atlanta, Ga."],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta--History--1951-","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta--History--1951-","Atlanta (Ga.)--Race relations--History--1951-","African Americans--Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Men--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Georgia--Atlanta","African American men--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Social conditions--To 1964","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","Clothing and dress--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Clothing","Storefronts--Georgia--Atlanta","Department stores--Georgia--Atlanta","Mannequins (Figures)","Cities and towns--Georgia--Atlanta","Women's clothing--Georgia--Atlanta","Advertising fliers--Georgia--Atlanta","Race relations","Discrimination in public accommodations--Georgia--Atlanta","Rich's (Retail store)","African American college students--Georgia--Atlanta","College students--Georgia--Atlanta","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Central business districts--Georgia--Atlanta","Direct action--Georgia--Atlanta","Protest marches--Georgia--Atlanta","Passive resistance--Georgia--Atlanta","Atlanta University Center (Ga.)--Students","Stores, Retail--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["Civil Rights Demonstration"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/cdm/ref/collection/WStanford/id/0"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This material is protected by copyright law. (Title 17, U. S. Code) Permission for use must be cleared through The Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center. 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Many of the signs carried by the students have the slogan \"Rich's sells segregation\" and \"Don't buy at Rich's.\" Although a variety of civil rights organizations worked to better the situation of African Americans in Atlanta throughout the twentieth century, African American students from the Atlanta University Center became heavily involved in leading protests following the nationally publicized February 1960 student-led sit-ins in Greensville, North Carolina. Atlanta University Center students involved with the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR) worked with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee to organize segregation protests in Atlanta. The two groups organized a \"Fall Campaign\" beginning on October 19, 1960; on October 22, African American leaders agreed to a month-long truce in which city officials, business owners, and African Americans worked toward a compromise. 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Grant, J. Newberry Co., and the National Shirt Shops. The clip begins with an interracial group of students walking along a sidewalk and down steps on the campus of Morris Brown college, part of the historically African American Atlanta University Center. The students continue walking on a sidewalk up a hill carrying signs with the slogans \"Don't shop at Rich's\" and \"Rich's sells segregation.\" In downtown Atlanta people cross busy streets and two white women appear to watch something. Picketers walk in front of a store, carrying signs with the slogans, \"Khrushchev can eat here???\" \"Wear old clothes with new dignity. Don't buy here!\" \"Christ died for all,\" and \"Don't buy at W.T. Grant.\" Other African Americans walking in front of the J. Newberry Co. also carry picket signs. Other picket sign slogans include \"Don't buy at Kress, Don't buy at W.T. Grant,\" Don't buy segregation\" and \"Stay away--segregation sold here.\" The camera focuses on a street sign for Peachtree Street N.E. and Pryor Street before again showing a downtown intersection and students walking on the Morris Brown campus. The Rich's building is also shown as is a long line of more picketers, most of whom carry signs with the slogan \"Wear old clothes with new dignity. Don't buy here!\" White picketers are also seen with the signs \"Rich's sells segregation.\" Later, an African American man walks in front of a shoe store with the sign \"Don't buy segregation\"; other African Americans observe the picketers. Marchers, probably on their way downtown from campus, walk around a corner, and other demonstrators protest in front of the Newberry Co. as well as the National Shirt Shops and an unidentified shoe shore. White observers, including two male students, watch the demonstrators; white women appear to ignore them. Although a variety of civil rights organizations worked to better the situation of African Americans in Atlanta throughout the twentieth century, African American students from the Atlanta University center became heavily involved in leading protests following the nationally publicized February 1960 student-led sit-ins in Greensville, North Carolina. Atlanta University Center students involved with the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR) worked with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee to organize segregation protests in Atlanta. The two groups organized a \"Fall Campaign\" beginning on October 19, 1960; on October 22, African American leaders agreed to a month-long truce in which city officials, business owners, and African Americans worked toward a compromise. 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Woolworth stores in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. The clip begins with a group of two African American men and two African American women standing together on the sidewalk next to a building. Under a store's awning, other African Americans walk past the store or into the building. A small number of African Americans with picket signs walk back and forth in front of McCrory's store. In an unidentified store, African American students wait for service at a lunch counter sit-in. Outside, other protesters carry signs with the slogans, \"Jim Crow must go\" and \"Don't pay to be segregated.\"  The camera pans past the F.W. Woolworth store and a next-door parking lot. Although a variety of civil rights organizations worked to better the situation of African Americans in Atlanta throughout the twentieth century, African American students from the Atlanta University center became heavily involved in leading protests following the nationally publicized February 1960 student-led sit-ins in Greensville, North Carolina. Atlanta University Center students involved with the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR) worked with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee to organize segregation protests in Atlanta. The two groups organized a \"Fall Campaign\" beginning on October 19, 1960; on October 22 African American leaders agreed to a month-long truce in which city officials, business owners, and African Americans worked toward a compromise. 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