{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"nge_ngen_william-g-anderson-b-1927","title":"William G. Anderson (b. 1927)","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["Philippines, 13.40882, 122.56155","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, 32.22026, -86.20761","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997","United States, Georgia, Dougherty County, Albany, 31.57851, -84.15574","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Georgia, Sumter County, Americus, 32.07239, -84.23269","United States, Iowa, Polk County, 41.6855, -93.57353","United States, Iowa, Polk County, Des Moines, 41.60054, -93.60911","United States, Michigan, Wayne County, Detroit, 42.33143, -83.04575","United States, Missouri, Adair County, Kirksville, 40.19475, -92.58325"],"dcterms_creator":["Hatfield, Edward A."],"dc_date":["2007-11-29"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about William Gilchrist Anderson, who received national attention during the early 1960s as the president of the Albany Movement. Thereafter, he distinguished himself as an osteopathic physician, surgeon, educator, and hospital administrator. Born in Americus on December 12, 1927, to Emma Jean Gilchrist and John Daniel Anderson Sr., Anderson enrolled at Fort Valley State College (later Fort Valley State University), where he pursued a premedical course of study. His education was interrupted in 1944 when, at the age of seventeen, he enlisted in the U.S. Navy in the midst of World War II; he was eventually assigned to a company stationed in the Philippines and was selected to join the navy's Hospital Corpsmen. After the war ended, Anderson graduated from the Atlanta College of Mortuary Science and worked briefly at a black funeral home in Montgomery, Alabama. Later after a visit to the Albany office of physician Willie Joe Reese, Anderson decided to pursue a career in osteopathy.With Reese's assistance, Anderson was admitted to the Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy in Iowa and completed his degree in 1956.","He interned at the prestigious Flint Osteopathic Hospital in Michigan, returning to Georgia afterwards to set up his medical practice in Albany. There Anderson joined a small but close-knit community of black professionals, most of whom belonged to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Urban League, or the Criterion Club, a local civic organization. The arrival of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) activists in the fall of 1961 inspired Albany's black residents to press more aggressively for racial reform. The city's black leaders formed the Albany Movement in mid-November, and they selected Anderson as their president because he was relatively new to town and largely insulated from white economic reprisals by his private practice. As tensions escalated he became convinced that local leaders lacked the financial and organizational resources to mount a successful protest. In order to shore up the movement's weaknesses, Anderson invited his old friends Martin Luther King Jr. and Ralph Abernathy to lead demonstrations in Albany. Although many observers deemed the Albany Movement unsuccessful, subsequent appraisals have credited the movement with increasing the number of registered black voters, inspiring protest in neighboring communities, and hastening the ultimate desegregation of Albany's public facilities, which occurred only one year following the movement's conclusion. Following the Albany Movement's dissolution in 1962, Anderson accepted an appointment as house physician at Art Centre Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. In 1964 he became the first black surgical resident in Detroit's history, and thereafter conducted a group surgical practice in the city until 1984. During this period he remained active in the civil rights movement, serving as a member on the Southern Christian Leadership Conference's board of directors, among other capacities.","In the years that followed, Anderson accepted a variety of administrative and educational positions in the medical profession including service within the American Osteopathic Association (including becoming the first African American president of the AOA in 1994), as a clinical professor of surgery at the College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific (later Western University of Health Sciences) in California, as an associate clinical professor at the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, and as associate dean of the Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine in Missouri.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.","GSE identifier: SS8H11"],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["African American physicians--Georgia--Albany","African American physicians--Michigan--Detroit","African American educators","African American surgeons","Osteopathic physicians--United States","Osteopathic physicians--Georgia","Physicians--Georgia--Albany","Physicians--Michigan--Detroit","Physicians--United States","Surgeons--United States","Educators--United States","Medical offices--Georgia--Albany","Medical offices--Michigan--Detroit","African American business enterprises--Georgia--Albany","Drugstores--Georgia--Albany","Fort Valley State College (Ga.)","United States. 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(Norma Lee)","Reese, Willie Joe","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41989","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of African American civil rights workers, Georgia National Guardsmen, and city officials in Albany, Georgia, 1961 December","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Dougherty County, Albany, 31.57851, -84.15574"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-12-00"],"dcterms_description":["This series of silent WSB newsfilm clips from December 1961 in Albany, Georgia, includes shots of a mass meeting in Shiloh Baptist Church; groups of African Americans entering city hall; Albany mayor Asa D. Kelley and police chief Laurie Pritchett each speaking to reporters from their offices; Georgia National Guardsmen gathering at the local armory building; and African American students in the Trailways bus station.  The clip begins with police cars driving past Shiloh Baptist Church as groups of African Americans wait outside.  Inside the meeting, movement activists sing and clap their hands with the crowd while a woman (possibly Goldie Jackson, Albany Movement corresponding secretary) and later an unidentified man sing from the pulpit; a young man (possibly Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) member Charles Jones) also addresses the congregation.  Interspersed with the scenes from Shiloh Baptist Church are shots of African American men and women entering Albany City Hall, often watched by white onlookers, presumably to represent Albany Movement concerns or supporters who may be in jail.  They include Jones and attorneys Donald Hollowell and C. B. King.  Also in the clip, Mayor Kelley speaks to reporters from his office.  Next, footage of the Georgia National Guard Armory, identified by signs on and beside the building, precedes filmed segments that show white guardsmen in uniform exiting parked cars and entering the building; they listen to instructions from a man at a blackboard and collect their supplies from the \"Company B\" supply room.  A man in a helmet holding a rifle stands guard outside the building.  On Thursday, December 14, concerned with the increasingly frequent demonstrations, arrests, and the threat of violence, Mayor Kelley requested that Georgia Governor Ernest Vandiver send the Georgia National Guard to help restore order in Albany if needed.  City and state officials ultimately cooperated to avoid violence and the threat of federal government intervention in Albany.  Also in the clip, reporters and cameramen film African American students, probably from nearby Albany State College, Monroe High School, and Carver Junior High School, in the Trailways waiting room; the students buy tickets, read newspapers, and wait at tables in the bus station's dining area.  Other African Americans stand in clusters outside the station (including Jones, Hollowell, and C. B. King) and speak to reporters.  Next, Chief Pritchett speaks to Norma Anderson, active demonstrator and wife of Dr. William G. Anderson, who is standing with a group of African Americans in \"Freedom Alley,\" a dead-end road beside city hall where demonstrators waited for processing after being arrested.  Several students from the bus station watch Chief Pritchett and Mrs. Anderson as they speak.  Later, police speak to a white man outside, then lead students from the bus station and help them into the paddy wagon as crowds watch.  Finally, Chief Pritchett, back in his office, answers reporters' questions.  Earlier in 1961, the federal Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) ruled segregation illegal on interstate buses and trains, and in stations that serviced interstate travelers.  Several protests in Albany were directed at the bus station to test Albany's compliance with the ICC ruling which went into effect November 1.  During one of those protests on Thursday, December 14, the Trailways terminal restaurant served ten black patrons before it was closed; Albany police then arrested them, allegedly for their own protection.  City officials professed compliance with the ICC ruling, but continued to arrest activists for spurious offenses such as failure to obey an officer, disorderly conduct, blocking the sidewalk, and obstructing traffic.","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn41989"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Albany","African American students--Georgia--Albany","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Albany","Direct action--Georgia--Albany","Passive resistance--Georgia--Albany","Police--Georgia--Albany","Segregation--Georgia--Albany","Segregation in transportation--Georgia--Albany","Mass meetings--Georgia--Albany","African Americans--Georgia--Albany","Press conferences--Georgia--Albany","Music--Georgia--Albany","Mayors--Georgia--Albany","African Americans--Songs and music","Lawyers--Georgia--Albany","African American lawyers--Georgia--Albany","Governors--Georgia","African American women--Georgia--Albany","Singing--Georgia--Albany","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Albany","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Albany","Intervention (Federal government)--Georgia","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Albany","Bus terminals--Georgia--Albany","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Albany","Arrest--Georgia--Albany","Police chiefs--Georgia--Albany","Albany (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Albany (Ga.)--Politics and government--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of African American civil rights workers, Georgia National Guardsmen, and city officials in Albany, Georgia, 1961 December"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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