{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohp_a-0080","title":"Oral history interview with Andrew Young, January 31, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["De Vries, Walter","Bass, Jack","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Young, Andrew, 1932-"],"dc_date":["1974-01-31"],"dcterms_description":["Andrew Young was the first African American congressman from Georgia since Reconstruction. First elected in 1972, Young was later appointed as ambassador to the United Nations by Jimmy Carter. Prior to his career in politics, Young grew up in New Orleans, was educated at Howard University, and then attended Hartford Seminary in the mid-1950s. Young returned to the South after seminary and became involved in the early civil rights movement in Georgia, where he worked as a minister for several years. In this interview, Young discusses the nature of racial discrimination in the South and describes his involvement in voter registration drives. Throughout the interview, he draws comparisons between race relations within southern states and those between the North and South. According to Young, it was access to political power that ultimately altered the tides of racial prejudice in the South. He cites the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 as a decisive turning point in race relations. For Young, it was the election of African Americans to positions of power that allowed African Americans to bring to fruition other advances they had made in education, business, and social standing.","Title from menu page (viewed on July 2, 2007).","Interview participants: Andrew Young, interviewee; Jack Bass, interviewer; Walter DeVries, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government","African American politicians--Georgia","Civil rights--Georgia","Georgia--Race relations","Voter registration--Georgia","Georgia--Race relations--Political aspects","Racism--Political aspects--Georgia","United States--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Andrew Young, January 31, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0080/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 67 kilobytes, 77.5 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 77.5 MB, 00:42:21"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Young, Andrew, 1932-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0080","title":"Oral history interview with Andrew Young, January 31, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["De Vries, Walter","Bass, Jack","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Young, Andrew, 1932-"],"dc_date":["1974-01-31"],"dcterms_description":["Andrew Young was the first African American congressman from Georgia since Reconstruction. First elected in 1972, Young was later appointed as ambassador to the United Nations by Jimmy Carter. Prior to his career in politics, Young grew up in New Orleans, was educated at Howard University, and then attended Hartford Seminary in the mid-1950s. Young returned to the South after seminary and became involved in the early civil rights movement in Georgia, where he worked as a minister for several years. In this interview, Young discusses the nature of racial discrimination in the South and describes his involvement in voter registration drives. Throughout the interview, he draws comparisons between race relations within southern states and those between the North and South. According to Young, it was access to political power that ultimately altered the tides of racial prejudice in the South. He cites the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 as a decisive turning point in race relations. For Young, it was the election of African Americans to positions of power that allowed African Americans to bring to fruition other advances they had made in education, business, and social standing.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Georgia--Politics and government","African American politicians--Georgia","Civil rights--Georgia","Georgia--Race relations","Voter registration--Georgia","Georgia--Race relations--Political aspects","Racism--Political aspects--Georgia","United States--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Andrew Young, January 31, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0080/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 2, 2007).","Interview participants: Andrew Young, interviewee; Jack Bass, interviewer; Walter DeVries, interviewer.","Duration: 00:42:21.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Young, Andrew, 1932-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_b-0009-2","title":"Oral history interview with Arthur Raper, January 30, 1974","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Raper, Arthur Franklin, 1899-1979"],"dc_date":["1974-01-30"],"dcterms_description":["Arthur Raper was a noted southern sociologist and civil rights activist. During the late 1920s and 1930s, Raper served as the research director for the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, based in Atlanta, Georgia. Focusing primarily on those years in this interview, Raper speaks at length about his interactions with Jessie Daniel Ames and the role of the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching (ASWPL) within the Commission's broader program. Describing the ASWPL as a relatively small, independent branch of the Commission, Raper argues that Ames was both an effective and contentious leader. He describes her as an \"excessive feminist\" in this interview, explaining that she advocated for the importance and necessity of separate women's groups in dealing with social problems such as lynching. While Raper indicates that this stance was beneficial in allowing Ames to garner support for her declaration that white southerners ought not to use racist violence to \"protect\" white southern womanhood, he also suggests repeatedly that Ames's outspoken nature and ambition generated tensions between her and the male leaders of the Commission, including executive director Will Alexander and director of education Robert Eleazer. Raper cites only one instance in which he personally came into conflict with Ames, arguing that she sought to sabotage his testimony during the Senate hearings on the Wagner-Van Nuys federal anti-lynching bill because the bill did not reflect her views on how to best combat lynching. Raper concludes by discussing the contributing role of the ASWPL in the declining number of lynchings during the 1930s, and the exclusion of African American women from the organization. Researchers might find particularly interesting the ways in which Raper's assessment of both the negative and positive aspects of Jessie Daniel Ames reveal the underlying tensions and assumptions that characterized the challenges all women faced in public roles during that era.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching","Commission on Interracial Cooperation","Lynching--Southern States","Southern States--Race relations","Women civil rights workers--Southern States","Civil rights workers--Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Arthur Raper, January 30, 1974"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/B-0009-2/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on March 4, 2008).","Interview participants: Arthur Raper, interviewee; Jacquelyn Hall, interviewer.","Duration: 01:04:21.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Raper, Arthur Franklin, 1899-1979","Ames, Jessie Daniel, 1883-1972","Alexander, Will Winton, 1884-1956"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gzn_march_1507","title":"Barbee Papers, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1974 January 24","collection_id":"gzn_march","collection_title":"March on Milwaukee: Civil Rights History Project","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Wisconsin, 44.50024, -90.00041"],"dcterms_creator":["Barbee, Lloyd A., 1925-2002","Milwaukee Public Schools Board"],"dc_date":["1974-01-24"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Barbee Papers, Box 108, Folder 7, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1974 January 24, Lloyd A. Barbee Papers, 1933-1982, Wisconsin Historical Society Archives"],"dc_relation":["http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-mil00016"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Lloyd A. Barbee Papers, 1933-1982","Milwaukee Mss 16, Box 108, Folder 7;","Barbee Papers, Box 108, Folder 7, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1974 January 24","Archives. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries","March On Milwaukee - Civil Rights History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation in education--Wisconsin--Milwaukee","Law","Civil rights workers","Segregation","Segregation in education","Students","Teachers"],"dcterms_title":["Barbee Papers, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1974 January 24","Barbee Papers, Box 108, Folder 7, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1974 January 24"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Golda Meir Library. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/march/id/1507"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["The Wisconsin Historical Society. Used with permission."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":["1 page"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Barbee, Lloyd A., 1925-2002","Wenzel, Richard"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0073","title":"Oral history interview with John Lewis, November 20, 1973","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Bass, Jack","De Vries, Walter","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Lewis, John, 1940 Feb. 21-"],"dc_date":["1973-11-20"],"dcterms_description":["As the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) from 1963 to 1966, future Georgia Congressman John Lewis was a prominent leader of the civil rights movement. Lewis begins the story of his involvement in the movement in 1957, when he left his family of tenant farmers in rural Pike County, Alabama, to attend the American Baptist Theological Seminary in Nashville, Tennessee. While a seminary student in Nashville, Lewis began to participate in workshops on nonviolence and became an active and leading participant in the sit-in movement of 1960 in Nashville. For Lewis, the sit-in movement was substantial both for changing his personal views on the civil rights movement and for its ability to generate solidarity within the movement. Shortly after his introduction to civil rights activism, Lewis graduated and was ordained. Seeing the civil rights movement as \"an extension of the Church,\" Lewis devoted his energy to the movement full-time thereafter. In 1961, Lewis participated in the Freedom Rides through Mississippi and Alabama, and he offers an extensive overview of their purpose, the violent opposition the Riders faced, and the support they received from civil rights leaders and the White House. After the Freedom Rides, Lewis returned to Nashville, where he headed the Nashville student movement as a graduate student at Fisk University until 1963. That year, Lewis became the chairman of SNCC, a position he held for three years. In vivid detail, Lewis describes the major activities of SNCC during those years, focusing particularly on the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964, as well as on the voter registration drives in Selma and the subsequent march to Montgomery in 1965. Throughout the interview, Lewis situates the role of SNCC more broadly within the civil rights movement as a whole, speaking at length about the transition from religious to political leadership within the movement, the growing importance of voter registration and political participation, and the need for solidarity within the African American community, particularly at the local level. Additionally, Lewis offers his thoughts on the role of Martin Luther King Jr. as a leader of the movement, focusing on King's influence both on him personally and on the movement nationally. Lewis concludes the interview with an overview of the tensions that began to develop within SNCC during his chairmanship, leading to his decision to leave the organization following Stokely Carmichael's rise to power and the shift towards the politics of black power in 1966.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Southern States--Race relations--Political aspects","African Americans--Suffrage--Southern States","Voter registration--Southern States","Freedom Rides, 1961","Civil rights--Religious aspects--Christianity"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with John Lewis, November 20, 1973"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0073/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 20, 2008).","Interview participants: John Lewis, interviewee; Jack Bass, interviewer; Walter DeVries, interviewer.","Duration: 02:00:42.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Lewis, John, 1940-2020"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gzn_march_1504","title":"Barbee Papers, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1973 October 3","collection_id":"gzn_march","collection_title":"March on Milwaukee: Civil Rights History Project","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Wisconsin, 44.50024, -90.00041"],"dcterms_creator":["Barbee, Lloyd A., 1925-2002","Milwaukee Public Schools Board"],"dc_date":["1973-10-09"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Barbee Papers, Box 107, Folder 16, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1973 October 3, Lloyd A. Barbee Papers, 1933-1982, Wisconsin Historical Society Archives"],"dc_relation":["http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-mil00016"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Lloyd A. Barbee Papers, 1933-1982","Milwaukee Mss 16, Box 107, Folder 16;","Barbee Papers, Box 107, Folder 16, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1973 October 3","Archives. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries","March On Milwaukee - Civil Rights History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation in education--Wisconsin--Milwaukee","Law","Civil rights workers","Segregation","Segregation in education","Students","Teachers"],"dcterms_title":["Barbee Papers, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1973 October 3","Barbee Papers, Box 107, Folder 16, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1973 October 3"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Golda Meir Library. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/march/id/1504"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["The Wisconsin Historical Society. Used with permission."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":["1 page"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Barbee, Lloyd A., 1925-2002"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gzn_march_1501","title":"Barbee Papers, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1973 March 23","collection_id":"gzn_march","collection_title":"March on Milwaukee: Civil Rights History Project","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Wisconsin, 44.50024, -90.00041"],"dcterms_creator":["Barbee, Lloyd A., 1925-2002","Milwaukee Public Schools Board"],"dc_date":["1973-03-23"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Barbee Papers, Box 107, Folder 1, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1973 March 23, Lloyd A. Barbee Papers, 1933-1982, Wisconsin Historical Society Archives"],"dc_relation":["http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/wiarchives.uw-whs-mil00016"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Lloyd A. Barbee Papers, 1933-1982","Milwaukee Mss 16; Box 107, Folder 1","Barbee Papers, Box 107, Folder 1, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1973 March 23","Archives. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries","March On Milwaukee - Civil Rights History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation in education--Wisconsin--Milwaukee","Law","Civil rights workers","Segregation","Segregation in education","Students","Teachers"],"dcterms_title":["Barbee Papers, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1973 March 23","Barbee Papers, Box 107, Folder 1, Transcript Amos VS School Board, 1973 March 23"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Golda Meir Library. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://collections.lib.uwm.edu/digital/collection/march/id/1501"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["The Wisconsin Historical Society. Used with permission."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":["28 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Barbee, Lloyd A., 1925-2002"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_b-0057","title":"Oral history interview with Ruth Vick, 1973","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd","Hall, Bob, 1944-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Polk County, Cedartown, 34.01123, -85.25593"],"dcterms_creator":["Vick, Ruth, 1916-"],"dc_date":["1973"],"dcterms_description":["Ruth Vick joined the Southern Regional Council (SRC) in the 1940s, becoming its only black employee at the time, and rising through the ranks to become a board member at the time of the interview. In her lengthy conversation with two interviewers, Vick discusses decades of SRC history, describing its leadership, organizational details, internal politics, and the SRC's place in the growing civil rights movement. The SRC supported the direct action strategies of the civil rights movement that emerged in force in the 1950s and 1960s, but chose study over sit-ins as a means of change. Vick devotes a great deal of time to discussing the role of African Americans within the organization. The SRC was not immune to the pervasive racism of the segregated South, and African Americans struggled for recognition and equal treatment within the organization.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern States--Race relations","Southern Regional Council","African American women civil rights workers--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Cedartown (Ga.)--Social life and customs"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Ruth Vick, 1973"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/B-0057/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 3, 2008).","Interview participants: Ruth Vick, interviewee; Jacquelyn Hall, interviewer; Bob Hall, interviewer.","Duration: 06:33:17.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Vick, Ruth, 1916-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0140","title":"Oral history interview with Terry Sanford, date unknown","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["De Vries, Walter","Bass, Jack","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Sanford, Terry, 1917-1998"],"dc_date":["1973/1998"],"dcterms_description":["Former North Carolina Governor Terry Sanford assesses the progressivism of North Carolina politics, arguing that though North Carolinians as a whole are not solidly progressive, they do tend to embrace progressive ideas. Sanford points to Chapel Hill as the beacon of North Carolina politics, where progressivism dominated the political discourse. He also discusses the potency of race in political campaigns, highlighting the 1950 Frank Graham-Willis Smith Senate race and his 1960 gubernatorial campaign against I. Beverly Lake. Sanford contends that racially charged campaigns often determined the direction and fate of politicians' careers. His work with established Democratic Party organizations taught him important lessons on how to divert the public's attention from racial matters to other campaign issues.","Sanford explains that North Carolina did not support machine politics, although the state was dominated by the Democratic Party for nearly a century. Bert Bennett's integral role as political campaigner helped ensure Democratic rule over the state. However, as the Republican Party began to challenge the Democratic Party, North Carolina's one-party system was abandoned. Sanford asserts that the realignment of political parties was able to occur because unfavorable public memories about Republicans faded and internal fighting among Democrats increased. With his 1972 presidential bid, Sanford realized that Republican use of conservative political ideology and rhetoric heavily influenced the future of North Carolina politics. Sanford contends that southern distinctiveness no longer divides the nation, as ideology replaced race as important campaign issues in the 1970s. Sanford finishes the interview by emphasizing the importance of ethics and credibility in political campaigns. He discusses how the increased use of television ads changes campaign strategies and how they impact the ethics of politicians.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Race relations","Press and politics--North Carolina","Politicians--North Carolina","North Carolina--Politics and government--1951-","Political parties--North Carolina","Political campaigns--North Carolina","Democratic Party (N.C.)","Governors--North Carolina"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Terry Sanford, date unknown"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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The Young family highly valued education, and Louise and her brothers and sisters were all expected to attend college, Vanderbilt University for the boys, Vassar College for the girls. Young, however, attended Vanderbilt with her brothers. Vanderbilt had become a coeducational institution, although men still constituted a disproportionate majority of the student body. While at Vanderbilt, Young studied to become a teacher, graduating at the age of sixteen. She spent the next three years working towards her graduate degrees while studying on fellowship at the University of Wisconsin and Bryn Mawr College. While living in the North, Young became increasingly cognizant of her own lack of knowledge of the nature of race relations in the South and became determined to better understand and combat racial injustice. 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Stevens outlines the history of Scarritt College and describes her own experiences there. Although she was hesitant to work for the Methodist Church, which she feared did not do enough to improve race relations, Stevens ultimately found employment with the Women's Division of the Methodist Church, accepting the position of director of the Bethlehem Center, a community center for African Americans, in Augusta, Georgia. Stevens describes the history of the Bethlehem Center, originally founded in 1911, in great detail and provides vivid anecdotes about her own work there. She describes the center's work in the African American community, which included service activities and leadership development. In addition, she describes how the dictates of Jim Crow segregation sometimes shaped the nature of the center's work. Stevens offers her observations of other social justice organizations and activities of the era. 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