{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"columbus_gohc_primusking","title":"Interview of Primus King, civil rights leader, by Paula A. Davis","collection_id":"columbus_gohc","collection_title":"General Oral History Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Davis, Paula A."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Muscogee County, Columbus, 32.46098, -84.98771"],"dcterms_creator":["King, Primus E., 1900-1986"],"dc_date":["1979-07-16"],"dcterms_description":["Oral history interview with Primus King in which he discusses the discussing growing up in Columbus, Georgia, and his involvement in the trial that challenged the white-only Democratic Primary. King also mentions several jobs he held, including working at a cotton mill, serving white families as a butler and chauffeur, owning a barber shop, and leading congregations as a preacher. He further talks about civil rights challenges faced by African Americans in Columbus.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["General Oral History Collection, Columbus State University Archives (Columbus, Ga.)"],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Suffrage--Georgia--Columbus","Suffrage--Georgia--Columbus","African American men--Georgia--Columbus","Voting--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Columbus","Civil rights--Georgia--Columbus","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Columbus","Mills and mill-work--Georgia--Columbus","Columbus (Ga.)--History--20th century","Water carriers (Persons)--Georgia--Columbus","Textile factories--Georgia--Columbus","Butlers--Georgia--Columbus","Chauffeurs--Georgia--Columbus","African American barbers--Georgia--Columbus","Barbers--Georgia--Columbus","African American clergy--Georgia--Columbus","Clergy--Georgia--Columbus","Democratic Party (Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Interview of Primus King, civil rights leader, by Paula A. Davis"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Columbus State University. Archives"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1065\u0026context=muscogiana"],"edm_is_shown_at":["http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/id:columbus_gohc_primusking"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["When citing the Primus King oral history, please use the following citation: General Oral History Collection, Columbus State University Archives, Columbus, Georgia."],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["King, Primus E., 1900-1986","King, Primus E., 1900-1986--Family","Davis, Paula A."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"kylouu_afamoh_oh761","title":"Oral history interview with Louise Reynolds","collection_id":"kylouu_afamoh","collection_title":"African American Oral History Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Bobo, Mary"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Kentucky, Jefferson County, Louisville, 38.25424, -85.75941"],"dcterms_creator":["Reynolds, Louise, 1916-1995"],"dc_date":["1979-06-13"],"dcterms_description":["Oral history interview conducted with Louise Reynolds on June 13, 1979 by Mary Bobo. Louise Reynolds was the first African American woman elected alderman in the city of Louisville. Ms. Reynolds discusses her work with the Republican Party, including her work as a precinct committeewoman, in the party's headquarters, and for Representative John Robsion. She worked for Robsion in the 1950s, and was elected to Louisville's Board of Alderman in 1961. Ms. Reynolds discusses the legislation passed during her time on the board, including the Public Accommodations Ordinance, the establishment of the Human Relations Commission, and an Equal Opportunity ordinance, and her involvement in trying to pass an open housing ordinance. She discusses the administrations of mayors William Cowger, and to a lesser extent, Kenneth Schmied. She also describes a visit to the White House at the invitation of President Lyndon Johnson. She also worked for the Small Business Administration, and she talks about the advice she gives small businesspeople who approach the SBA for loans, and notes several successful African American businesspeople in Louisville.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Kentucky--Louisville","African American politicians--Kentucky--Louisville","African American businesspeople--Kentucky--Louisville","African American business enterprises--Kentucky--Louisville","Women politicians--Kentucky--Louisville","Civil rights--Kentucky--Louisville","African Americans--Civil rights--Kentucky--Louisville","Louisville (Ky.)--Politics and government","Louisville (Ky.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Race relations","Race discrimination--Kentucky--Louisville","Segregation--Kentucky--Louisville","African Americans--Segregation--Kentucky--Louisville","Politicians--Kentucky--Louisville","Discrimination in public accommodations--Law and legislation--Kentucky--Louisville","Discrimination in housing--Law and legislation--Kentucky--Louisville","Discrimination in employment--Law and legislation--Kentucky--Louisville","City council members--Kentucky--Louisville","Women city council members--Kentucky--Louisville","Republican Party (Ky.)--Party work","Mayors--Kentucky--Louisville","United States. Small Business Administration","African Americans--Politics and government","United States--Race relations--Political aspects","Legislators--United States","Legislators--Kentucky"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Louise Reynolds"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Louisville. Libraries. Archives and Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://ohc.library.louisville.edu/interviews/record.php?q=Reynolds%2C%20Louise"],"dcterms_temporal":["1950/1979"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["sound recordings","transcripts","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["01:17:51","28 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Cowger, William O. (William Owen), 1922-1971","Schmied, Kenneth A., 1911-1973","Robsion, John Marshall, 1904-1990","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Reynolds, Louise, 1916-1995"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"kylouu_afamoh_oh757","title":"Oral history interview with Helen Humes","collection_id":"kylouu_afamoh","collection_title":"African American Oral History Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Bobo, Mary"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Kentucky, Jefferson County, Louisville, 38.25424, -85.75941"],"dcterms_creator":["Humes, Helen"],"dc_date":["1979-06-12"],"dcterms_description":["Oral history interview with Helen Humes, a jazz singer from Louisville, conducted on June 12, 1979 by Mary Bobo, for the University of Louisville Archives and Records Center. In this interview, Ms. Humes discusses her career, including her start in Louisville; her friendships; her musical style; and her thoughts on the changes the years have brought to Louisville.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["application/pdf","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Kentucky","African American singers--Kentucky","African American musicians--Kentucky","Jazz","Jazz singers--Kentucky","Women jazz musicians--Kentucky"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Helen Humes"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Louisville. Libraries. Archives and Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://ohc.library.louisville.edu/interviews/record.php?q=Humes%2C%20Helen"],"dcterms_temporal":["1913/1979"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["sound recordings","transcripts","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["01:00:12"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Humes, Helen"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_h-0190","title":"Oral history interview with Annie Mack Barbee, May 28, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Jones, Beverly Washington, 1948-","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Barbee, Annie Mack, 1913?-"],"dc_date":["1979-05-28"],"dcterms_description":["Annie Mack Barbee's family lived as sharecroppers in South Carolina for much of her childhood. Barbee describes her parents' values and how they passed those along to their children. She relates how her life changed following her mother's death as she assumed greater responsibility in the household. When Barbee was an adolescent, the family decided to leave the countryside and go to Durham to work in the factories.","In Durham, Barbee went to work in the Liggett \u0026 Myers tobacco factories. The overall environment of the tobacco factories harmed the women's health, but Barbee explains how segregation and racism worsened conditions even further. She lists the reasons she did not strongly support the unions and then reflects on the many differences race made in her life, even affecting the color of uniform she wore. Using an illustration from her own work experience, Barbee insists that African American women must learn to stand for themselves, refusing to give up their rights even when the white men in authority demand it.","Because her father feared that she would be sexually assaulted on the walk to and from school, he forced Barbee to quit school before she wanted to do so. She describes how she tried to continue her own education even after she stopped attending classes. She reflects on the opportunities African American children had to further their education and the pressure they felt to succeed.","Barbee did not marry until she was in her early forties; she bore a daughter, Louise, a short time later. She describes how being an older mother made her a different parent and explains her basic parenting philosophies.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Religion and politics--North Carolina","African American women tobacco workers--North Carolina","Women tobacco workers--North Carolina--Durham--Interviews","African American women--North Carolina--Durham--Interviews","Farm life--South Carolina","Liggett \u0026 Myers Tobacco Company","Durham (N.C.)"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Annie Mack Barbee, May 28, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/H-0190/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on April 8, 2008).","Interview participants: Annie Mack Barbee, interviewee; Beverly Jones, interviewer.","Duration: 02:08:38.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Barbee, Annie Mack, 1913?-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_h-0218","title":"Oral history interview with Conrad Odell Pearson, April 18, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Pearson, Conrad Odell, b. 1902"],"dc_date":["1979-04-18"],"dcterms_description":["Conrad Odell Pearson grew up in Durham, North Carolina. In 1932, immediately following his graduation from Howard School of Law, Pearson became involved in legally challenging segregation in higher education. The first part of the interview is dedicated to a detailed discussion of his work with fellow attorney Cecil McCoy on a case that challenged the decision of the University of North Carolina to deny admission to Thomas Hocutt, an African American, to the school of pharmacy. After the case failed in the state legal system, Pearson helped to reintroduce it at the federal level as a challenge to the Fourteenth Amendment, where it was ultimately thrown out on a technicality. Pearson continued to litigate against institutional segregation from the 1930s on, and in 1935 he helped to found the Durham Committee on Negro Affairs. In addition to describing his legal and political work for civil rights, Pearson offers an insider's perspective on race relations in Durham, primarily from the 1920s through the 1940s. Pearson devotes considerable attention to describing the ways in which James Shepard, president of the North Carolina College for Negroes (later North Carolina Central University), and C. C. Spaulding, president of North Carolina Mutual, were leading members within the African American community. In so doing, Pearson offers numerous examples of Shepard's and Spaulding's leadership qualities and their ability to work closely with white politicians for the benefit of African Americans. Throughout the interview, Pearson expresses admiration for the leadership capabilities of these men while simultaneously drawing distinctions between their moderate politics and his more radical politics regarding race relations. In addition, Pearson emphasizes that he saw Durham as more progressive in terms of race relations than many other southern communities, citing a general lack of racial discord as evidence. Whereas Pearson devotes considerable attention to describing the role of African American leaders in shaping race relations in Durham, he also offers commentary on the ways in which industrial leaders, like the Duke family and Julian Shakespeare Carr, also shaped the social and racial landscape of Durham. Finally, Pearson discusses the organization of tobacco workers as it affected African Americans in Durham. This interview offers a lively and complicated portrait of race relations in Durham, North Carolina, and the struggle for socioeconomic equality in that city.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["School integration--North Carolina","African American lawyers--North Carolina","African American civil rights workers--North Carolina","African American civil rights workers--North Carolina--Durham","African American lawyers--North Carolina--Durham","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","African American civic leaders--North Carolina--Durham","Durham Committee on Negro Affairs","Civil rights movements--North Carolina","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina","Segregation in higher education--North Carolina"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Conrad Odell Pearson, April 18, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/H-0218/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 10, 2008).","Interview participants: Conrad Odell Pearson, interviewee; Walter Weare, interviewer.","Duration: 03:18:40.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Pearson, Conrad Odell, 1902-","Spaulding, C. C. (Charles Clinton), 1874-1952","Shepard, James E."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0016","title":"Oral history interview with Viola Turner, April 17, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Turner, Viola G., 1900-1988"],"dc_date":["1979-04-17"],"dcterms_description":["This is the second part of an extensive two-part interview with Viola Turner, former treasurer of North Carolina Mutual in Durham and first woman on its executive board. Turner continues her vividly detailed discussion of early twentieth-century race relations from the first interview, beginning with several anecdotes about her experiences with racial discrimination while traveling by train in both the North and the South. She describes an itinerant musician she encountered in a Jim Crow train car while en route to Memphis, an experience she uses as a segue for discussing the Mississippi Blues as an especially unique form of regional African American popular culture. Although Turner argues that the Mississippi Blues was not pervasive in Durham (where she had settled in 1924), she explains that the city did have a thriving African American culture. After describing elaborate social gatherings for dancing and music within the African American community (particularly for the black middle class), Turner describes how community leaders worked to bring in prominent African American performers. According to Turner, the intricate social network of African Americans in Durham was integral in supporting African American professionals who traveled through the South. Turner also devotes considerable attention to describing the role of African American community leaders, including Dr. James E. Shepard of North Carolina Central University and C. C. Spaulding of North Carolina Mutual. As an employee of North Carolina Mutual, Turner had a unique relationship with Spaulding. She describes him as a paternal figure (she and other employees called him \"Poppa\") and offers numerous anecdotes about how he looked out for his employees. She recounts, for instance, how Spaulding ensured that his employees had the opportunity to vote by personally accompanying them through the registration process. Turner provides insight into the inner operations of North Carolina Mutual as a landmark African American business in Durham, and stresses its central role within the community. In addition, she discusses her perception of nascent civil rights efforts, such as the formation of the Durham Committee on Negro Affairs; the effort of the NAACP on behalf of Thomas Hocutt to integrate the law school of the University of North Carolina; and lingering racial tensions in Durham. Finally, Turner offers commentary on gender dynamics, sharing her thoughts on instances of sex discrimination at North Carolina Mutual, expectations of single women workers within the community, and relationships: she describes her two short-term marriages in the 1920s, and concludes the interview with a lengthy discussion of her third husband and his support of her work and in the home.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Race relations","African Americans--North Carolina--Durham--Social life and customs","African American insurance agents--North Carolina","African American women executives--North Carolina--Durham","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company--Employees","African American women in the professions--North Carolina--Durham","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina--Durham"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Viola Turner, April 17, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0016/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 06:28:10"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Turner, Viola G., 1900-1988","Spaulding, C. C. (Charles Clinton), 1874-1952"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0013-3","title":"Oral history interview with Asa T. Spaulding, April 16, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Spaulding, Asa T. (Asa Timothy), 1902-1990"],"dc_date":["1979-04-16"],"dcterms_description":["Asa T. Spaulding was born in rural North Carolina in 1902, but his scholastic aptitude soon removed him from the farm where he spent his childhood. After a high school education in Durham, North Carolina, Spaulding earned a degree from New York University and received training as an actuary at the University of Michigan. He returned to Durham to take a position at the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, a historically African American company. Spaulding eventually held its presidency, and before, during, and after attaining this leadership position, used his influence to advance the interests of the African American community. Spaulding remembers some of those efforts in this interview, including an unsuccessful try for the mayoralty in Durham and his support for a community grocery store. At the heart of this interview, sharing space with Spaulding and his relatively conservative approach to civil rights agitation, are other African American and white civil rights leaders Spaulding worked with, including the fiery but effective Dan Martin, the organizer Howard Fuller, educator Charles R. Moore, and John Wheeler, who helmed the Durham Committee on Negro Affairs. Spaulding's discussion of the committee, as well as North Carolina Mutual, highlights the importance of Durham's African American organizations in sustaining a vibrant black community, and their uncertain future in a changing state. Researchers and students interested in economic empowerment, community organizing, and African American business will find much of interest in this interview.","Researchers and students might also consult the two other interviews with Spaulding in this collection, C-0013-1 and C-0013-2. Those interested in learning more about the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company and black business in the South might turn to the interviewer's book, Black Business in the New South: A Social History of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American executives--North Carolina--Durham","African American executives--North Carolina--Durham--Attitudes","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina--Durham","Segregation--North Carolina--Durham","Durham Committee on Negro Affairs","Durham (N.C.)--Politics and government","North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company","African American business enterprises--North Carolina--Durham","African American politicians--North Carolina--Durham"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Asa T. Spaulding, April 16, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0013-3/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on June 3, 2008).","Interview participants: Asa T. Spaulding, interviewee; Walter Weare, interviewer.","Duration: 04:24:17.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Kristin Shaffer. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Spaulding, Asa T. (Asa Timothy), 1902-1990","Wheeler, John H. (John Hervey)"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohp_c-0015","title":"Oral history interview with Viola Turner, April 15, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohp","collection_title":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Bibb County, Macon, 32.84069, -83.6324","United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Turner, Viola G., 1900-1988"],"dc_date":["1979-04-15"],"dcterms_description":["In this part of an extended interview, Viola Turner, treasurer of North Carolina Mutual Insurance, reflects on her childhood in Macon, Georgia. Born on February 17, 1900, Turner was the only child of her African American teenage parents. Her remembrances are of those of a joyous childhood in which her mother encouraged her to excel in school. In her vivid depictions of Macon, Georgia, Turner describes a town in which segregation was not acutely visible. She was largely unaware of racial discrimination during her childhood. Nevertheless, she discusses at length her perceptions of skin color and the ways in which some of her lighter-toned African American friends were often treated differently than those with darker skin. Educated at the American Missionary Association schools and Morris Brown, Turner's first job was as an administrative assistant at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in the summer of 1920. Shortly thereafter she took a job working for the Superintendent of Negro Education for the State of Mississippi, which she held for six months before going to work for the new branch of North Carolina Mutual that opened in Oklahoma City in 1920. Turner eventually settled in Durham, North Carolina. The latter portion of this interview focuses on her descriptions of entertainment and race relations. Specifically, Turner describes her interaction with various black performers and her experiences attending both black and white theaters in Durham. In addition, she explains her friendship with Eula Perry, who could easily \"pass\" for white, and the reactions their friendship elicited from various observers.","Title from menu page (viewed on July 21, 2008).","Interview participants: Viola Turner, interviewee; Walter Weare, interviewer.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--North Carolina--Durham--Social life and customs","African American insurance agents--North Carolina","African American women executives--North Carolina--Durham","African Americans--Georgia--Macon--Social life and customs","Macon (Ga.)--Race relations","Segregation--Georgia--Macon","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","Segregation--North Carolina--Durham","African Americans--Race identity--Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Viola Turner, April 15, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0015/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Text (HTML and XML/TEI source file) and audio (MP3); 2 files: ca. 311.9 kilobytes, 424 megabytes.","MP3 format / ca. 424 MB, 03:52:00"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Turner, Viola G., 1900-1988"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0015","title":"Oral history interview with Viola Turner, April 15, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Bibb County, Macon, 32.84069, -83.6324","United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Turner, Viola G., 1900-1988"],"dc_date":["1979-04-15"],"dcterms_description":["In this part of an extended interview, Viola Turner, treasurer of North Carolina Mutual Insurance, reflects on her childhood in Macon, Georgia. Born on February 17, 1900, Turner was the only child of her African American teenage parents. Her remembrances are of those of a joyous childhood in which her mother encouraged her to excel in school. In her vivid depictions of Macon, Georgia, Turner describes a town in which segregation was not acutely visible. She was largely unaware of racial discrimination during her childhood. Nevertheless, she discusses at length her perceptions of skin color and the ways in which some of her lighter-toned African American friends were often treated differently than those with darker skin. Educated at the American Missionary Association schools and Morris Brown, Turner's first job was as an administrative assistant at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in the summer of 1920. Shortly thereafter she took a job working for the Superintendent of Negro Education for the State of Mississippi, which she held for six months before going to work for the new branch of North Carolina Mutual that opened in Oklahoma City in 1920. Turner eventually settled in Durham, North Carolina. The latter portion of this interview focuses on her descriptions of entertainment and race relations. Specifically, Turner describes her interaction with various black performers and her experiences attending both black and white theaters in Durham. In addition, she explains her friendship with Eula Perry, who could easily \"pass\" for white, and the reactions their friendship elicited from various observers.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--North Carolina--Durham--Social life and customs","African American insurance agents--North Carolina","African American women executives--North Carolina--Durham","African Americans--Georgia--Macon--Social life and customs","Macon (Ga.)--Race relations","Segregation--Georgia--Macon","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","Segregation--North Carolina--Durham","African Americans--Race identity--Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Viola Turner, April 15, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0015/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 21, 2008).","Interview participants: Viola Turner, interviewee; Walter Weare, interviewer.","Duration: 03:52:00.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Turner, Viola G., 1900-1988"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0013-2","title":"Oral history interview with Asa T. Spaulding, April 14, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Spaulding, Asa T. (Asa Timothy), 1902-1990"],"dc_date":["1979-04-14"],"dcterms_description":["Asa T. Spaulding, longtime actuary at the historically black North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company and its president from 1959 to 1968, recalls his efforts to prepare Durham, North Carolina, for desegregation. Spaulding grew up in an environment relatively free from discrimination, so after his education at New York University and the University of Michigan, he brought to Durham a determination that racial barriers were artificial and needed to be dismantled. He did so not with overt activism, but by using his influence to bring together white and black business leaders at North Carolina Mutual. These business meetings not only brought together creative thinkers, they also modeled successful integration before the civil rights movement had scored its victories in the early 1960s. In this interview, Spaulding reflects on how his growing influence as a business leader allowed him to make unique contributions to dismantling segregation in Durham.","Researchers and students might also consult the two other interviews with Spaulding in this collection, C-0013-1 and C-0013-3. Those interested in learning more about the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company and black business in the South might turn to the interviewer's book, Black Business in the New South: A Social History of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American executives--North Carolina--Durham","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina--Durham","Segregation--North Carolina--Durham","Durham (N.C.)--Politics and government","North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company","African American business enterprises--North Carolina--Durham","Lowry family"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Asa T. Spaulding, April 14, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0013-2/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on June 2, 2008).","Interview participants: Asa T. Spaulding, interviewee; Walter Weare, interviewer.","Duration: 02:01:39.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Kristin Shaffer. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Spaulding, Asa T. (Asa Timothy), 1902-1990"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_c-0013-1","title":"Oral history interview with Asa T. Spaulding, April 13, 1979","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weare, Walter B.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Columbus County, 34.2654, -78.65507","United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":["Spaulding, Asa T. (Asa Timothy), 1902-1990"],"dc_date":["1979-04-13"],"dcterms_description":["Asa T. Spaulding was born in rural North Carolina in 1902, but his scholastic aptitude soon removed him from the farm where he spent his childhood. After a high school education in Durham, North Carolina, Spaulding earned a degree from New York University and received training as an actuary at the University of Michigan. He returned to Durham to take a position at the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, a historically African American company where he spent his career seeking balance in his professional and personal life. He was president of the company from 1959 until he retired in 1969. Spaulding spends most of this interview describing his early life. He describes his rural community; he remembers applying his disciplined mind to his studies in New York City and Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he experienced some, but not much, racial discrimination; he recalls the transition from reliance on black burial associations to larger life insurance companies and his role in modernizing insurance practice; and he reflects on the nature of citizenship and humanity. Spaulding was a hard worker and a spiritual man who valued his time spent teaching the Bible. A self-reliant man, he cast his vote for Richard Nixon in 1972 but condemns him for his greed. This interview sheds light on a pioneering career and a set of beliefs behind a successful businessman and spiritually fulfilled person.","Researchers and students might also consult the two other interviews with Spaulding in this collection, C-0013-2 and C-0013-3. Those interested in learning more about the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company and black business in the South might turn to the interviewer's book, Black Business in the New South: A Social History of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American executives--North Carolina--Durham","North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company","Life insurance--North Carolina","African American business enterprises--North Carolina--Durham","Farm life--North Carolina--Columbus County","Columbus County (N.C.)--Social life and customs","African American college students","African Americans--North Carolina--Columbus County--Relations with Indians"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Asa T. Spaulding, April 13, 1979"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0013-1/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on May 30, 2008).","Interview participants: Asa T. Spaulding, interviewee; Walter Weare, interviewer.","Duration: 03:03:04.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Kristin Shaffer. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Spaulding, Asa T. (Asa Timothy), 1902-1990"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"kylouu_afamoh_oh698","title":"Oral history interview with Nelson Goodwin","collection_id":"kylouu_afamoh","collection_title":"African American Oral History Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Kentucky, Jefferson County, Louisville, 38.25424, -85.75941","United States, Kentucky, Jefferson County, Newburg, 38.16007, -85.65968","United States, Kentucky, Jefferson County, Petersburg, 38.17868, -85.6594"],"dcterms_creator":["Goodwin, Nelson, 1907-1991","Chumbley, Kenneth Lawrence"],"dc_date":["1979-01-10"],"dcterms_description":["Oral history interview conducted with Nelson Goodwin on January 10, 1979 by Kenneth Chumbley. Mr. Goodwin, a nursery owner and local historian from Louisville, Kentucky, discusses his ancestors and other African Americans who lived in the Petersburg / Newburg area. He describes the relationships of various African Americans with white slaveowners, and the efforts blacks made to build their community following slavery. He describes his own efforts to develop his community through the location of library in Newburg and the Petersburg Historical Society's programs, as well as his fight against urban renewal. He also talks about his own career in the nursery business.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Audiocassette tapes number 698 and 699, African American Oral History Collection, Oral History Center, University of Louisville Archives and Records Center."],"dc_relation":["Forms part of online collection: African American Community Interviews, Oral History Center, University of Louisville Archives and Records Center"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["African American Community Interviews Collection (William F. Ekstrom Library. University Archives and Records Center)"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Kentucky--Jefferson County--History","African American businesspeople--Kentucky--Louisville","African American historians--Kentucky--Louisville","African Americans--Social conditions","Race relations--Kentucky--Louisville","Louisville (Ky.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Slavery--Kentucky--Jefferson County","History--Societies, etc.","Civil rights--Kentucky--Louisville","African Americans--Civil rights--Kentucky--Louisville","Urban renewal--Kentucky--Louisville","Libraries--Kentucky--Louisville","Nurseries (Horticulture)--Kentucky--Louisville","African Americans and libraries--Kentucky--Newburg"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Nelson Goodwin"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Louisville. Libraries. Archives and Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://ohc.library.louisville.edu/interviews/record.php?q=Goodwin%2C%20Nelson"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["To inquire about reproductions, permissions, or for information about prices see: http://library.louisville.edu/uarc/digicollorder.html; please cite the Interview Number when ordering."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["sound recordings","transcripts","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["audio/mp3; application/pdf","01:25:27; 55 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Goodwin, Nelson, 1907-1991"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null}],"pages":{"current_page":39,"next_page":40,"prev_page":38,"total_pages":72,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":456,"total_count":859,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false},"facets":[{"name":"educator_resource_mediums_sms","items":[{"value":"teaching guides","hits":17},{"value":"timelines (chronologies)","hits":6},{"value":"online exhibitions","hits":2},{"value":"lesson plans","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"Text","hits":816},{"value":"Sound","hits":683},{"value":"MovingImage","hits":105},{"value":"Collection","hits":9},{"value":"StillImage","hits":4},{"value":"InteractiveResource","hits":2}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":16,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"creator_facet","items":[{"value":"KZSU (Radio station : Stanford, Calif.) ","hits":232},{"value":"KZSU Project South Interviews (SC0066)","hits":232},{"value":"Stanford University. Institute of American History","hits":232},{"value":"Civil Rights History Project (U.S.)","hits":84},{"value":"Pollitt, Daniel H.","hits":10},{"value":"Colburn, David","hits":9},{"value":"Talmadge, Herman E. (Herman Eugene), 1913-2002","hits":8},{"value":"Braden, Anne, 1924-2006","hits":7},{"value":"Chumbley, Kenneth Lawrence","hits":6},{"value":"Cox, Dwayne, 1950-","hits":6},{"value":"Thurmond, Strom, 1902-2003","hits":5}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_facet","items":[{"value":"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","hits":277},{"value":"Southern Christian Leadership Conference","hits":257},{"value":"Congress of Racial Equality","hits":253},{"value":"Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","hits":245},{"value":"Civil rights--United States","hits":244},{"value":"Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party","hits":244},{"value":"Civil rights movements--United States","hits":115},{"value":"Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","hits":74},{"value":"Race relations","hits":73},{"value":"Southern States--Race relations","hits":51},{"value":"Summer Community Organization and Political Education (Organization)","hits":36}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"subject_personal_facet","items":[{"value":"King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","hits":69},{"value":"Braden, Anne, 1924-2006","hits":24},{"value":"Barbee, Lloyd A., 1925-2002","hits":20},{"value":"Braden, Carl, 1914-1975","hits":20},{"value":"Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","hits":17},{"value":"Young, Andrew, 1932-","hits":16},{"value":"Hayling, Robert Bagner","hits":15},{"value":"Vivian, C. T.","hits":11},{"value":"Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998","hits":11},{"value":"Pollitt, Daniel H.","hits":10},{"value":"Graham, Frank Porter, 1886-1972","hits":9}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"name_authoritative_sms","items":[{"value":"King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","hits":68},{"value":"Braden, Anne, 1924-2006","hits":24},{"value":"Barbee, Lloyd A., 1925-2002","hits":20},{"value":"Braden, Carl, 1914-1975","hits":20},{"value":"Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","hits":16},{"value":"Hayling, Robert Bagner","hits":15},{"value":"Young, Andrew, 1932-","hits":15},{"value":"Pollitt, Daniel H.","hits":10},{"value":"Vivian, C. T.","hits":10},{"value":"Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998","hits":10},{"value":"Graham, Frank Porter, 1886-1972","hits":9}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"event_title_sms","items":[{"value":"Housing Act of 1961","hits":244},{"value":"Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Nobel Prize","hits":66},{"value":"SCOPE project","hits":35},{"value":"Freedom Rides","hits":14},{"value":"Freedom Summer","hits":9},{"value":"Selma-Montgomery March","hits":9},{"value":"Albany Movement","hits":6},{"value":"Civil Rights Act of 1964","hits":6},{"value":"Little Rock Central High School Integration","hits":5},{"value":"Birmingham Demonstrations","hits":4},{"value":"Ole Miss Integration","hits":3}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"location_facet","items":[{"value":"United States, California, Santa Clara County, Stanford, 37.42411, -122.16608","hits":233},{"value":"United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249","hits":108},{"value":"United States, Kentucky, Jefferson County, Louisville, 38.25424, -85.75941","hits":48},{"value":"United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","hits":48},{"value":"United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584","hits":48},{"value":"United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434","hits":44},{"value":"United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032","hits":33},{"value":"United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018","hits":29},{"value":"United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862","hits":29},{"value":"United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","hits":27},{"value":"United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001","hits":26}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"us_states_facet","items":[{"value":"California","hits":243},{"value":"North Carolina","hits":201},{"value":"Alabama","hits":141},{"value":"Mississippi","hits":119},{"value":"Georgia","hits":108},{"value":"Louisiana","hits":60},{"value":"Kentucky","hits":51},{"value":"Florida","hits":36},{"value":"South Carolina","hits":36},{"value":"Wisconsin","hits":28},{"value":"Tennessee","hits":25}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"year_facet","items":[{"value":"1965","hits":255},{"value":"1984","hits":94},{"value":"1974","hits":54},{"value":"2013","hits":52},{"value":"2011","hits":50},{"value":"1991","hits":48},{"value":"1995","hits":41},{"value":"1990","hits":40},{"value":"2001","hits":40},{"value":"1976","hits":38},{"value":"1999","hits":38},{"value":"1975","hits":34},{"value":"1979","hits":33},{"value":"1977","hits":31},{"value":"1978","hits":31},{"value":"1964","hits":30},{"value":"1983","hits":29},{"value":"2002","hits":29},{"value":"1959","hits":27},{"value":"1989","hits":27},{"value":"1955","hits":26},{"value":"1956","hits":26},{"value":"1957","hits":26},{"value":"1958","hits":26},{"value":"1962","hits":26},{"value":"1963","hits":26},{"value":"1960","hits":25},{"value":"1961","hits":25},{"value":"1997","hits":25},{"value":"1954","hits":24},{"value":"1951","hits":23},{"value":"1952","hits":23},{"value":"1953","hits":23},{"value":"2000","hits":23},{"value":"1950","hits":22},{"value":"1985","hits":22},{"value":"1998","hits":22},{"value":"1973","hits":21},{"value":"1972","hits":20},{"value":"1987","hits":20},{"value":"1994","hits":19},{"value":"1967","hits":18},{"value":"1986","hits":18},{"value":"1988","hits":18},{"value":"1996","hits":18},{"value":"2006","hits":18},{"value":"1949","hits":17},{"value":"1969","hits":17},{"value":"1970","hits":17},{"value":"1980","hits":17},{"value":"1982","hits":17},{"value":"1992","hits":17},{"value":"2003","hits":17},{"value":"2010","hits":17},{"value":"1945","hits":16},{"value":"1946","hits":16},{"value":"1947","hits":16},{"value":"1948","hits":16},{"value":"1966","hits":16},{"value":"1968","hits":16},{"value":"1981","hits":16},{"value":"1993","hits":16},{"value":"2004","hits":16},{"value":"2005","hits":16},{"value":"1940","hits":15},{"value":"1941","hits":15},{"value":"1942","hits":15},{"value":"1943","hits":15},{"value":"1944","hits":15},{"value":"1971","hits":15},{"value":"1935","hits":14},{"value":"1936","hits":14},{"value":"1937","hits":14},{"value":"1938","hits":14},{"value":"1939","hits":14},{"value":"2007","hits":14},{"value":"1933","hits":12},{"value":"1934","hits":12},{"value":"2008","hits":12},{"value":"1925","hits":11},{"value":"1926","hits":11},{"value":"1927","hits":11},{"value":"1928","hits":11},{"value":"1929","hits":11},{"value":"1930","hits":11},{"value":"1931","hits":11},{"value":"1932","hits":11},{"value":"2014","hits":11},{"value":"1922","hits":10},{"value":"1923","hits":10},{"value":"1924","hits":10},{"value":"2009","hits":10},{"value":"2012","hits":10},{"value":"1921","hits":9},{"value":"2015","hits":9},{"value":"2016","hits":9},{"value":"2017","hits":9},{"value":"2018","hits":9},{"value":"2019","hits":9},{"value":"2020","hits":9}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null},"min":"0193","max":"2033","count":2546,"missing":0},{"name":"medium_facet","items":[{"value":"transcripts","hits":859},{"value":"oral histories (literary works)","hits":657},{"value":"sound recordings","hits":427},{"value":"interviews","hits":201},{"value":"moving images","hits":86},{"value":"instructional materials","hits":25},{"value":"resource units","hits":17},{"value":"teaching guides","hits":17},{"value":"black-and-white photographs","hits":9},{"value":"documentaries and factual works","hits":9},{"value":"photographs","hits":9}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"rights_facet","items":[{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/","hits":504},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/","hits":233},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/","hits":89},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/","hits":25},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/","hits":3},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-OW-EU/1.0/","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"collection_titles_sms","items":[{"value":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","hits":258},{"value":"KZSU Project South Interviews","hits":232},{"value":"Civil Rights History Project","hits":87},{"value":"Working Lives Oral History Project","hits":83},{"value":"March on Milwaukee: Civil Rights History Project","hits":28},{"value":"Oral histories of the American South (Georgia selections)","hits":27},{"value":"Anne Braden Oral History Project","hits":24},{"value":"Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine","hits":21},{"value":"African American Oral History Collection","hits":19},{"value":"Teachers' Domain Civil Rights Special Collection","hits":17},{"value":"Florida Civil Rights Oral Histories","hits":7}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"provenance_facet","items":[{"value":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)","hits":260},{"value":"Stanford University. Libraries. Department of Special Collections","hits":233},{"value":"American Folklife Center","hits":87},{"value":"William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library","hits":85},{"value":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library","hits":29},{"value":"Golda Meir Library. Special Collections","hits":28},{"value":"University of Kentucky","hits":24},{"value":"Proctor Library","hits":21},{"value":"University of Louisville. Libraries. Archives and Special Collections","hits":20},{"value":"WGBH Educational Foundation","hits":17},{"value":"American Public Media","hits":9}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"class_name","items":[{"value":"Item","hits":833},{"value":"Collection","hits":26}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"educator_resource_b","items":[{"value":"false","hits":834},{"value":"true","hits":25}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null}}]}}