{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_2","title":"Interview with Charles Vance","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Vance, Charles","Hardy, Charles"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-03-03"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Charles Vance talks about the numerous jobs he worked as he left Alabama and moved north, eventually settling in Philadelphia. He also explains the term \"Levy Camp.\" Vance's mother died when he was nine, and he and his father lived with his grandmother for a time. When his father left to south to go up north for work, promising to send for him later, he also decided to leave Alabama. He did various kinds of industrial work as well as coal mining in Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina. He also lived in several places in the north, such as Atlantic City, New York City, and Buffalo. He says he found racism and segregation in the north, too. At age 21, he met up with his father and stepmother in Philadelphia. Vance explains the term \"Levy Camp.\" He says men without jobs would be recruited and transported somewhere to do work, promised money but normally receiving very little if any. He says it was dangerous to try to escape, because there was usually a reward for foreman who caught them. He also says that women were similarly recruited, and men--married or not--often took up with a particular woman for the duration of their time in the camp.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Vance, Charles--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Charles Vance"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/2"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_101","title":"Interview with Evelyn Howard","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Howard, Evelyn","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984"],"dcterms_description":["Evelyn Howard began teaching at Lincoln School in 1937, at the age of 18. In this interview, she recounts the challenges faced by black schools in the South and describes her teaching philosophy. Howard also discusses the Civil Rights Movement throughout the interview. Howard explains that schools were not involved in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s because they were afraid to be. They let the children know that the only way to get ahead was to learn and try to get better jobs for themselves. Howard recalls Martin Luther King, Jr., coming to Birmingham to march: \"The gates had been locked to keep children in. Someone with a truck broke [the] gate down and children went running out and joined the march to city hall. Some teachers tried to keep the students in but... others were happy to see them go. Stood at the window smiling, clapping and crying to see the children do what she hadn't had nerve to do years earlier.\" Of King, Jr., she says, \"if there is such a thing as a person being sent to deliver us or help us, I do believe he was our Moses... I believe God sent him and God allowed him to be killed because that was just the way it has to be.\" Howard grew up in the Payne Chapel AME Church. She can remember looking forward to revivals and consider them a sort of a gala event. The revivals were highly emotional, a needed release for participants. She adds that her religious faith has been a stabilizing influence on her life, something to hold on to; she says that a person has to have something to believe in.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Howard, Evelyn--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Evelyn Howard"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/101"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_wlohp_0000031","title":"Interview with Evelyn Howard, 1984","collection_id":"alm_wlohp","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Howard, Evelyn"],"dc_date":["1984"],"dcterms_description":["Evelyn Howard began teaching at Lincoln School in 1937, at the age of 18. In this interview, she recounts the challenges faced by black schools in the South and describes her teaching philosophy. Howard also discusses the Civil Rights Movement throughout the interview. Howard explains that schools were not involved in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s because they were afraid to be. They let the children know that the only way to get ahead was to learn and try to get better jobs for themselves. Howard recalls Martin Luther King, Jr., coming to Birmingham to march: \"The gates had been locked to keep children in. Someone with a truck broke [the] gate down and children went running out and joined the march to city hall. Some teachers tried to keep the students in but . . . others were happy to see them go. Stood at the window smiling, clapping and crying to see the children do what she hadn't had nerve to do years earlier.\" Of King, Jr., she says, \"if there is such a thing as a person being sent to deliver us or help us, I do believe he was our Moses . . . . I believe God sent him and God allowed him to be killed because that was just the way it has to be.\" Howard grew up in the Payne Chapel AME Church. She can remember looking forward to revivals and consider them a sort of a gala event. The revivals were highly emotional, a needed release for participants. She adds that her religious faith has been a stabilizing influence on her life, something to hold on to; she says that a person has to have something to believe in.","Interviewed by Peggy Hamrick in 1984."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Archive of American Minority Cultures"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of the online collection: Working Lives Oral History Project."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American teachers--Alabama--Birmingham","Birmingham (Ala.)--Race relations","Segregation in education--Alabama--Birmingham","Discrimination in education--Alabama--Birmingham","Civil rights movements--Alabama--Birmingham","African Americans--Alabama--Birmingham--Religion"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Evelyn Howard, 1984"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/101"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts","sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Howard, Evelyn","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_f-0029","title":"Oral history interview with James Lawson, October 24, 1983","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Blanchard, Dallas A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Tennessee, Davidson County, Nashville, 36.16589, -86.78444"],"dcterms_creator":["Lawson, James M., 1928-"],"dc_date":["1983-10-24"],"dcterms_description":["James M. Lawson was a key ally to Martin Luther King Jr. and also an important theoretician and practitioner of nonviolent protest. After briefly summarizing his childhood in Pennsylvania, Lawson describes how he became involved with the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen through activist preacher Will D. Campbell. Lawson's activism began during his time in Nashville, Tennessee. He relates how the Fisk and Vanderbilt students learned nonviolent protest, and describes how he helped organize and execute the Nashville sit-ins. Lawson devotes much of the interview to discussions of his relationship with various civil rights activists, including Kelly Miller Smith, Nelle Morton, Myles Horton, James Dombrowski, and James Holloway. Though Lawson was expelled from Vanderbilt because of his involvement with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and his participation in the sit-ins, he remembers that several of the faculty members offered him a great amount of personal support. He also reconciled with some of his opponents later in life. Lawson closes the interview by asserting that the actions of the 1950s and 1960s emerged from the union and labor rights movements of the 1930s and 1940s.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern States--Race relations","Fellowship of Southern Churchmen","African Americans--Religion","African American civil rights workers--Tennessee--Nashville","Civil rights movements--Tennessee--Nashville","African Americans--Civil rights--Tennessee--Nashville"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with James Lawson, October 24, 1983"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/F-0029/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 19, 2008).","Interview participants: James Lawson, interviewee; Dallas A. Blanchard, interviewer.","Duration: 00:42:11.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Kristin Shaffer. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Lawson, James M., 1928-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_f-0006","title":"Oral history interview with David Burgess, August 12, 1983","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Blanchard, Dallas A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Burgess, David S., 1917-"],"dc_date":["1983-08-12"],"dcterms_description":["Born in New York City and educated at Oberlin College and Union Theological Seminary, David Burgess spent his life living his religious convictions through a devotion to economic and racial justice. In this interview, he recalls his involvement with some vanguard rights organizations, such as the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen, and early rights activists like Buck Kester. Burgess argues that groups like the Fellowship not only helped put the civil rights struggle in a religious context, but set the stage for the dramatic movement that would dominate the South in the 1950s and 1960s. This interview is useful for, among others, students of the early civil rights movement as well as researchers interested in the contribution of white Christian southerners.","NOTE: Please also refer to another interview with David Burgess in this collection, E-0001. Poor transcription can make this a difficult interview to read. Listening recommended.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern States--Race relations","Fellowship of Southern Churchmen","Civil rights movements--Southern States","Social reformers--Southern States","Social movements--Southern States","Social justice--Religious aspects--Christianity","Social reformers--Southern States--Attitudes"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with David Burgess, August 12, 1983"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/F-0006/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Oct. 30, 2008).","Interview participants: David Burgess, interviewee; Dallas A. Blanchard, interviewer.","Duration: 01:11:26.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Burgess, David S., 1917-","Kester, Howard, 1904-1977"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_f-0036","title":"Oral history interview with Nancy Kester Neale, August 6, 1983","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Blanchard, Dallas A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Neale, Nancy Alice Kester, 1934-"],"dc_date":["1983-08-06"],"dcterms_description":["Nancy Kester Neale remembers her father, Howard \"Buck\" Kester, who founded the Southern Tenant Farmers Union and held leadership positions in the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen and the Committee on Economic and Racial Justice. According to Neale, Kester was a pioneer whose activism demonstrated the power that religious organizations could play in improving the lives of the southern underclass. This interview is at times light on specifics, but is a useful look at the role of religious organizations in the struggle for economic and racial justice in the South well before the modern civil rights movement gained strength.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Fellowship of Southern Churchmen","Women civil rights workers","Women social reformers--Southern States","Social movements--Southern States--Religious aspects--Christianity","Social justice--Southern States--Religious aspects--Christianity"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Nancy Kester Neale, August 6, 1983"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/F-0036/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 7, 2008).","Interview participants: Nancy Kester Neale, interviewee; Dallas Blanchard, interviewer.","Duration: 01:10:33.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Kester, Alice Harris","Kester, Howard, 1904-1977","Neale, Nancy Alice Kester, 1934-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_f-0034","title":"Oral history interview with Nelle Morton, June 29, 1983","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Blanchard, Dallas A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Morton, Nelle, 1905-"],"dc_date":["1983-06-29"],"dcterms_description":["Nelle Morton grew up in Kingsport, Tennessee. In 1925, she graduated from Flora MacDonald College in North Carolina and became a teacher. A few years later, Morton completed graduate work at the General Assembly Training School in Virginia and at the Biblical Seminary in New York City. By 1944, she had become the general secretary of the Fellowship of Southern Churchmen. Prior to assuming leadership within the Fellowship, Morton had worked closely with its founders. In this interview, she spends considerable time discussing her perception of various leaders within the Fellowship, including Howard \"Buck\" Kester, Thomas \"Scotty\" Cowan, Charles Johnson, and Reinhold Niebuhr. According to Morton, the Fellowship was founded in order to promote more radical ideas about race relations and integrations among southern churches. In explaining the goals and strategies of the Fellowship, Morton focuses on aspects of religion in the South, the Fellowship's efforts to ensure integration within their own organization, and its stance on other issues related to labor and rural people. Throughout the interview, she emphasizes the communal spirit of the Fellowship and stresses their pioneering work in integration. Particularly interesting examples she offers include her description of an integrated summer camp for children at her family's farm in Kingsport and efforts of the Fellowship to integrate places like community pools. In addition to describing the strategies, successes, and limitations of the Fellowship, Morton describes how her work with the Fellowship made her cognizant of other inequalities related to gender. She describes the challenges of being a woman leader in the Fellowship; these included the discrimination she faced during her tenure as the general secretary from 1944 to 1950. Morton later became actively involved in the women's movement and suggests here that it was her work with issues of race and labor that enabled her to recognize discrimination against, and oppression of, women.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Fellowship of Southern Churchmen","Women civil rights workers","Women social reformers--Southern States","Social movements--Religious aspects--Christianity--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Southern States","Civil rights workers--United States","African Americans--Segregation--Southern States","Sex discrimination against women--United States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Nelle Morton, June 29, 1983"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/F-0034/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Dec. 5, 2008).","Interview participants: Nelle Morton, interviewee; Dallas A. Blanchard, interviewer.","Duration: 03:41:16.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Morton, Nelle, 1905-1987"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"fhm_floh_rodriguez","title":"Francisco Rodriguez Junior / interviewed by Gary Mormino","collection_id":"fhm_floh","collection_title":"Florida Civil Rights Oral Histories","dcterms_contributor":["Mormino, Gary Ross, 1947-","University of South Florida Libraries. Florida Studies Center. Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, 28.75054, -82.5001"],"dcterms_creator":["Rodriguez, Francisco A., Jr., 1916-"],"dc_date":["1983-06-18"],"dcterms_description":["Francisco Rodriguez, Jr., a civil rights attorney, discusses the Afro-Cuban community in Ybor City. He also comments on desegregation and Tampa politics.","Interview conducted June 18, 1983."],"dc_format":["audio/mp4","application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Cuban Americans--Florida--Tampa","African Americans--Florida--Tampa","Civil rights workers--Interviews","Civil rights workers--Florida","Ybor City (Tampa, Fla.)--Politics and government","Tampa (Fla.)--Politics and government"],"dcterms_title":["Francisco Rodriguez Junior / interviewed by Gary Mormino"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of South Florida. Tampa Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digital.lib.usf.edu/SFS0022278/00001"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","oral histories (literary works)","sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":["1 sound file (21 min.) : digital, MPEG4 file + transcript"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Rodriguez, Francisco A., Jr., 1916-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_182","title":"Interview with Clarence Darden","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Darden, Clarence","McCallum, Steve"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1983-05-24"],"dcterms_description":["At the time of this interview, Clarence Darden had been president of the local USW (United Steelworkers) union for 26 years. Darden recalls living in a company camp when he was young. He explains company housing, company doctors, commissaries and general working conditions in the interview. In his description of mining camps, he explains that companies would leave the company houses unfinished to prevent paying taxes on them. He also describes \"shack rousters\" (or company deputies). If a man sent word that he was too sick to go into the mine, the shack rouster would go to his house and if the deputy didn't think he was sick enough, the employee would be forced to go into the mines. The men would often have to grab the tail of the deputy's horse and follow him into the mine. He explains that workers were often eternally indebted to the company, as the commissary charged high prices and the workers were also required to purchase their own mining equipment. He also said that if a worker did not do enough business with the commissary, he'd be laid off for this reason. If an employee had a debt with the commissary and left the company, he'd be blacklisted and would be unable to get a job anywhere. He adds that men were being paid $1.25 per day and working 14-16 hour days. Employees had to furnish their own electricity and were charged 50 cents to use the bath house. A trip to the company hospital would often take five or six years to pay off. He says these conditions led to the organized labor movement in the 1930s. He recalls multiple strikes and \"wars\" between workers and employers. He also suggests that mining operators would often try to increase racial tension so that employees would be less united. He goes into detail describing working conditions in the mines during the 1930s and later. He discusses medical conditions that afflicted miners, the physical conditions in the mine, and the multitude of accidents that could befall miners. He adds that during this time, once a worker entered the mines, they were expected to live only 15-20 additional years.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Darden, Clarence--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Clarence Darden"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/182"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_81","title":"Interview with King Chandler, Jr.","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Chandler, King, Jr.","McCallum, Brenda","McCallum, Steve"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1983-05-23"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Chandler recalls growing up in the Muscoda mining camps; he discusses camp schools and baseball teams, and meeting his wife in the camp. For income, Chandler worked in the iron ore mines, went into the army and worked for the WPA (Works Progress Administration). He also rented an acre of land from the company, for farming. Chandler also discusses living during the Depression; he recalls that the Red Cross set up stores that issued flour, meal, peas, rice, vegetables and canned pork.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Chandler, King, Jr.--Interviews","Mining camps--Alabama--Muscoda","Iron ores--Alabama","United States. 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When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_298","title":"Interview with George Brown","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Brown, George","Kuhn, Cliff","McCallum, Brenda"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1983-04-25"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, George Brown describes his early life in Selma, Alabama, and his move to Birmingham for a job. Brown explains that Birmingham had a rough reputation. He recounts being beaten, for no reason, by the local police force. He recalls living in a work camp, sharing housing with other families, and having no privacy. 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For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. 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