{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_325","title":"Interview with Monroe Lide","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Lide, Monroe","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-13"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Monroe Lide gives details about mining for ore and describes the various jobs available in the mines. He also talks about how race came into play in assigning those jobs. Lide gives some background on himself, saying his father was a \"rambler,\" so he can't remember why they came to Birmingham. His mother was a domestic worker. He remembers the relief lines during the Depression, as well as living at a CC Camp himself and knowing of others who worked for the WPA. Lide was in the Navy in 1943. Lide says he worked several industrial jobs until he was hired at Sloss, where he worked for 35 years. He describes the iron-making process in great and technical detail. He remembers seeing an explosion that killed two men, just from the heat of the furnace alone. He says they cast the iron twice in each eight-hour shift. Lide describes three different types of jobs he held in the mine: working on the labor gang, running scale cars, and working on a track job. He explains that those on the labor gang worked at \"cleaning cars\" (i.e., unloading them), while men running scale cars put the different \"ingredients\" for the iron into the furnace. Track work involved repair and upkeep of the track. He says he enjoyed that job because of the people he worked with. He also talks about how they often chanted and sang to help stay in the rhythm of laying track. Lide also differentiates between the various supervisory positions, and explains that for a long time, only whites were allowed to hold those positions. Blacks didn't advance to foreman until the labor union forced the issue, and he says that didn't happen fast enough, because the union was segregated. He recalls that after blacks began to advance, it was also more common to see whites in labor jobs.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Lide, Monroe--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Monroe Lide"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/325"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_226","title":"Interview with Wyatt Barnfield","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Barnfield, Wyatt","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-12"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Wyatt Barnfield discusses moving to Birmingham, Alabama, in 1939, looking for work because his family was only able to get five cents per pound for cotton. He describes working in a steel mill and a coal mine in Birmingham. He discusses race relations in the mines, his decision to join union in 1945 and the eventual improvements made by the union.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Barnfield, Wyatt--Interviews","Steel industry and trade--Alabama--Birmingham","Coal miners--Alabama--Birmingham","Coal miners--Race relations","Labor unions--Alabama--Birmingham","United States--Civilization--1970-"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Wyatt Barnfield"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/226"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_78","title":"Interview with Will Elliot","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Elliot, Will","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-11"],"dcterms_description":["Will Elliot was born in Florida in 1895. His father was a switchman on the railroad; his mother worked in the fields. He moved to Birmingham sometime before The Depression. He describes his various jobs in Birmingham and adds that he also worked for the WPA (Works Progress Administration).","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Elliot, Will--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Will Elliot"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/78"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_18","title":"Interview with Robert Washington","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Washington, Robert","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-09"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Robert Washington discusses his industrial work at a clay pipe plant as well as his work with the local USW. Washington worked at W. S. Dickey Clay Manufacturing Company, which made sewer pipe and fittings as well as flue lining and brick. He describes the process of making fittings, which was his job for many years. He explains that they were paid by the piece and with incentives. The advantage of the job was a person could work the hours he wanted and still make decent money if he was willing to work hard. The disadvantages were the workers had few benefits and the work was hot and hard. He recalls the story of a man whose hands were cut off in an accident, and he eventually returned to work. Washington believes the union was important because people can get more accomplished together than apart. He says the union came in 1938, the Brick and Clay Workers. That local disbanded and they reformed under the USW. He was president of that local for many years, until he had to quit the union to take a promotion to inspector, then foreman. As union leader, he was often called to help organize in other places, and the company gave him leaves of absence. Washington describes an incident with a group of white inspectors who didn't want to join the USW, who instead formed a new Brick and Clay Workers. The USW decided to strike with them, but they were in breach of contract, so they had to go back to work. The Ku Klux Klan joined the inspectors on their strike, and Washington was called to D.C. to testify about the incident. Washington talks about segregation on the job. He says blacks couldn't be mechanics or carpenters, as well as foreman and other positions of authority. They also had segregated facilities for a long time. Changes came about 1966, because of the union and also because of new civil rights laws. Washington also discusses living through the Depression. He says they raised animals and kept a garden, and friends would often help each other out, trading food. He also says the communist party was attempting to win people over by paying their bills. He says his family was never on relief.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Washington, Robert--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Robert Washington"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/18"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_72","title":"Interview with Sam Andrews","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Andrews, Sam","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-07-07"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Sam Andrews describes his early life in Ensley, Alabama, and his years as an \"oven man\" in the steel mill. He recalls the unionization of the mill, picketing and the fear associated with joining the union. He also provides a detailed description of the stages of steel production and describes the medical care that was provided by the mill, as well as race relations in the mill and union meetings. Andrews describes life during The Depression, explaining that he survived by working several jobs at once. He maintains that he actually lived better in the \"Hoover Days.\" He also describes receiving help from the Red Cross and the difficulty in accepting help. He discusses being treated better as a light skinned African-American. Andrews describes his life as a hobo and the danger associated with riding the trains. He also describes working in a Civilian Conservation Corps Camp in Northport, Alabama.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Andrews, Sam--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Sam Andrews"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/72"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_120","title":"Interview with Earl Brown","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Brown, Earl","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-29"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Earl Brown recalls his life as a coal miner, daily life in the mining camps and the challenges surrounding organized labor in Alabama. He also discusses FDR and the effect of the Wagner Acts on organizing labor. He was a member of the United Mine Workers of America of America (UMWA) and recounts organizing drives, strikes and the unique sense of solidarity among mine workers. Brown talks about his first job, loading coal. The employees had to buy their tools, powder, and lamp. He also defines \"pillar work,\" \"green work\" and \"top working.\" He briefly mentions black lung and says that it was originally called \"mining asthma.\" Brown says that \"segregation was everywhere else but there [inside the mine]. They respected one another, that's where the togetherness come at. You come out of the mine, you're separate... Even at the commissary they had the white line and the black line... the thing that pulled me the closest to the mine workers more than anything was because actually that's something that we didn't deal with... segregation in there.\" Brown believes that the UMWA influenced other unions in the steel and automobile industry, for example. People saw the effect of UMWA, Brown says. UMWA \"paved the way...someone had to be a trailblazer and we were all trailblazers... coal, coke is the base for making steel. Once a coal miner go on strike, automatically set coke, steel everything else down. So it's a relationship you see.\"","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Brown, Earl--Interviews","Coal miners--Alabama","Labor unions--Alabama","United Mine Workers of America","Coal miners--Segregation","Segregation--Alabama","United States--Civilization--1970-"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Earl Brown"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/120"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_125","title":"Interview with Arthur D. Shores","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["D. Shores, Arthur","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-28"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Arthur Shores talks about his career as a prominent black attorney in Birmingham, Alabama, during the Civil Rights movement. Shores went to law school at the University of Kansas because there were no law schools in Alabama to admit blacks and it was cheaper than going east. Through the forties he was the only black lawyer in Alabama (there had been a couple of others before him). He says he never had a problem as a black lawyer in Alabama except in Birmingham. He was retained by the NAACP. One of his big early cases was a lawsuit against L\u0026N Railroad to change discriminatory hiring and promotion practices. He also talks about being the lawyer in a suit to equalize pay for black teachers. He says, though, in general teachers were afraid to speak up for their rights because they feared the repercussions. Shores tells the story of being hired as a prosecutor in a trial of a white officer. He was threatened and had his friends protect him on his way to the court house every day. The man was found guilty. After the trial, a black police informant took a swing at him. When Shores's friends beat him up, they we all thrown in jail, Shores included. Soon, they were released. Later, the informant told him he'd been paid to start a scene. Shores says this incident gained him a lot of publicity; until then, a lot of people hadn't known he was practicing. Shores remembers the struggle to register black voters in Birmingham. He recounts the story of a registrar who asked a black man to recite the constitution. He recited, instead, the Gettysburg address, but the registrar didn't know the difference, so the man was registered. Shores recalls that various groups had registration drives, including the NAACP and the labor unions in the mining camps. Shores describes running for office to prove that it could be done by a black man. Shores discusses how the city was once zoned such that only blacks or only whites could live in a certain area. Once the laws changed, blacks moving into formerly white zoned neighborhoods often had their houses burned or blown up. After the blacks heard from a white informant in the Ku Klux Klan, they planned an ambush of one of those burning parties. After that incident, there were no more houses blown up. Shores also talks a little about his background. He remembers living out in the county near the mining camps. He was envious of camp life for their housing and commissary as well as for their superior schools. He attended one until they found out he wasn't attached to the company. Then he found a way to attend Birmingham city schools by giving the address of a family friend who lived in town. Shores talks about former governor George Wallace, who he doesn't believe was a racist. He once tried a case in his court and found him to be a nice man, and he ate with him sometimes. He describes how politics changes a person's behavior.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["D. Shores, Arthur--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Arthur D. Shores"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/125"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_wlohp_0000062","title":"Interview with Arthur D. Shores, 1984 June 28","collection_id":"alm_wlohp","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Shores, Arthur D. (Arthur Davis), 1904-1996"],"dc_date":["1984-06-28"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Arthur Shores talks about his career as a prominent black attorney in Birmingham, Alabama, during the Civil Rights movement. Shores went to law school at the University of Kansas because there were no law schools in Alabama to admit blacks and it was cheaper than going east. Through the forties he was the only black lawyer in Alabama (there had been a couple of others before him). He says he never had a problem as a black lawyer in Alabama except in Birmingham. He was retained by the NAACP. One of his big early cases was a lawsuit against L\u0026N Railroad to change discriminatory hiring and promotion practices. He also talks about being the lawyer in a suit to equalize pay for black teachers. He says, though, in general teachers were afraid to speak up for their rights because they feared the repercussions. Shores tells the story of being hired as a prosecutor in a trial of a white officer. He was threatened and had his friends protect him on his way to the court house every day. The man was found guilty. After the trial, a black police informant took a swing at him. When Shores' friends beat him up, they we all thrown in jail, Shores included. Soon, they were released. Later, the informant told him he'd been paid to start a scene. Shores says this incident gained him a lot of publicity; until then, a lot of people hadn't known he was practicing. Shores remembers the struggle to register black voters in Birmingham. He recounts the story of a registrar who asked a black man to recite the constitution. He recited, instead, the Gettysburg address, but the registrar didn't know the difference, so the man was registered. Shores recalls that various groups had registration drives, including the NAACP and the labor unions in the mining camps. Shores describes running for office to prove that it could be done by a black man. Shores discusses how the city was once zoned such that only blacks or only whites could live in a certain area. Once the laws changed, blacks moving into formerly white zoned neighborhoods often had their houses burned or blown up. After the blacks heard from a white informant in the Ku Klux Klan, they planned an ambush of one of those burning parties. After that incident, there were no more houses blown up. Shores also talks a little about his background. He remembers living out in the county near the mining camps. He was envious of camp life for their housing and commissary as well as for their superior schools. He attended one until they found out he wasn't attached to the company. Then he found a way to attend Birmingham city schools by giving the address of a family friend who lived in town. Shores talks about former governor George Wallace, who he doesn't believe was a racist. He once tried a case in his court and found him to be a nice man, and he ate with him sometimes. He describes how politics changes a person's behavior.","Interviewed by Cliff Kuhn on June 28, 1984.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["u0008_0000003_0000062","http://purl.lib.ua.edu/54340"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Archive of American Minority Cultures"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of the online collection: Working Lives Oral History Project."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American lawyers--Alabama--Birmingham","Discrimination in education--Alabama","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Discrimination in employment--Alabama","Police misconduct--Alabama","Voter registration--Alabama--Birmingham","African Americans--Alabama--Birmingham--Politics and government","Discrimination in housing--Alabama--Birmingham","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","African Americans--Crimes against--Alabama--Birmingham","Intimidation","Birmingham (Ala.)--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Arthur D. Shores, 1984 June 28"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/125"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts","sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Shores, Arthur D. (Arthur Davis), 1904-1996","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_192","title":"Interview with Eva Russell","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Russell, Eva","McCallum, Brenda"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-06-28"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Eva Russell talks about her life in Birmingham in the forties, fifties, and sixties, including her husband's job in the mines and the café she ran. Russell was married to a miner, and he was in a labor union. She recalls they were on strikes a lot by that time, so her husband usually had part time work, too. She says her husband was killed in a mining accident around the time their youngest children were entering college. Russell didn't work outside the home while her children were still being raised. In the late fifties, Russell began working in a restaurant that she eventually bought. She ran the Fraternal Café for years, and it was a popular place in her neighborhood. Russell also describes the music scene of her area, including many prominent musicians. Russell discusses being among the first black voters registered in the forties. She says they asked many questions about government. Her husband didn't have more than a fifth grade education, so he couldn't answer them, but she answered for him. She says she never had much problem registering. She also recalls paying a poll tax. Russell remembers the struggles of the civil rights movement. She couldn't march because she was operating her café, but she remembers seeing the marches and even dealing with water from the police hoses coming into her café. She says her contribution was feeding people who needed food. Russell also talks about Parker High School, as well as her impressions of G. A. Gaston and H. D. Coke. Russell concludes by reading two of her own poems. Note: The available transcript for this interview pertains to the first audio file. The second audio file largely consists of the interviewee, Eva Billingsley Russell, reading her poetry, which she says she would once day like to get published as a collection called Golden Threads. 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