{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_142","title":"Interview with Mitchell Jerald","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Jerald, Mitchell","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-19","1984-08-23"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Mitchell Jerald talks about surviving the Depression and about his personal mission to gain advancement for himself and all blacks at the tire plant where he worked. Jerald recounts how his family weathered the Depression relatively well, because his job at the A\u0026P meant he had enough food to eat; there was sometimes even surplus to share with neighbors. In addition, they grew their own garden and he sold firewood. Jerald explains that even though he didn't have time to get Red Cross aid or work for the WPA, those were good programs. He says the WPA made people feel like they were helping provide for themselves. He describes how the WPA paid people in stamps that could be redeemed most anywhere for food. He says he feels like blacks dealt with the Depression better than whites because they could get help easier and were used to the poverty. Jerald describes his time as a preacher in country churches and discusses the differences between religious practices in the country and the city, as well as how they've changed over time. He says that country people seemed to be closer to God. Jerald recounts the story of how he helped pave the way for black workers to be promoted to better jobs at the tire plant where he worked. He complained to his boss about how black workers were training whites from outside the company in positions they were capable of filling. The boss asked him to quiet his complaints, but he also gave him the promotion in question, with the admonition that he couldn't go back down to his old job if he couldn't handle it. He excelled at the job and was promoted several more times, and each time a black worker was promoted to his old position. However, he wouldn't ultimately take a foreman position because he feared having white men working under him.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Jerald, Mitchell--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Mitchell Jerald"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/142"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_30","title":"Interview with Irma Reynolds","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Reynolds, Irma","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-18","1984-08-20"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Irma Reynolds recalls her strict upbringing in Birmingham, Alabama, during segregation, including her views on the educational system. Reynolds explains how her mother ensured that she and her siblings become well-behaved, educated people. She says, \"We got more rearing from principles and teaching than we did by the strap.\" She gives examples of her mother's teaching. She also describes how they didn't have nice things growing up because her mother was frugal with money. She felt it was better spent on an education than on nice clothes. Reynolds says this attitude also helped them get through the Depression. Reynolds says the family was never on relief because of the money her mother had saved up from what her father had left them. In fact, her mother employed a woman and her children to wash their clothes, and they also had enough money to buy their coal for the winter at the beginning of the season. Reynolds talks about what Birmingham was like during segregation. She explains that in general, she dealt with mistreatment from whites without cursing them: \"A fool can curse. If I have to tell you something, my terminology will be such that you will have to think.\" Reynolds also mentions her son, Washington, D.C., Civil Rights leader Julius W. Hobson. She reads a poem she wrote about him. Reynolds taught school for 45 years and was the Principal at Irondale Elementary. She compares black and white schools, saying whites had better lunchrooms and lunch service, as well as transportation. She discusses the disparity in pay due to education and how black teachers had to go up north for school. She recalls attending Industrial High (which became Parker High), and she remembers being taught by musicians Malachi Wilkerson and Fess Whatley. Reynolds also discusses her affiliation with the Zeta Phi Beta sorority and her opinions of the Birmingham World newspaper.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Reynolds, Irma--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Irma Reynolds"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/30"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_115","title":"Interview withThelma Walton","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Walton, Thelma","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-17"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Thelma Walton talks about life Alabama during segregation. Walton recalls being on segregated buses and restaurants and department stores. She says it didn't bother her then: \"because I was young and didn't know no better.\" She says she understands now and sees it differently. Walton talks about registering to vote. She didn't have to answer any difficult or strange questions; she did have to show up with a white person to vouch for her and help her make sense of the paperwork. She also recalls vagrancy laws, that blacks couldn't be outside after a certain time of night or they would be taken home by the police. She describes seeing the Ku Klux Klan march and says she was afraid of them. She remembers seeing Civil Rights marches, too, but did not participate in them. Walton talks about the various recreational possibilities in the city, including music and dancing, drinking bootleg whiskey, and attending baseball games. Walton also discusses her church at length.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Walton, Thelma--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview withThelma Walton"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/115"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_247","title":"Interview with Johnny Phillips","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Phillips, Johnny","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-16"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Phillips briefly discusses living through the Depression in Birmingham, Alabama. Phillips explains that he took no help from anybody during the Depression. He didn't take advantage of the Red Cross or work for the WPA; he grew a garden and raised animals. He says his family bought coal and also burned their own wood. He mentions hoboing and how dangerous it was, but he says he never hoboed. Phillips explains that he left Birmingham and went up north in the forties and fifties for work. Work was scarce in Birmingham, but he got a job at a Ford plant in Chicago.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Phillips, Johnny--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Johnny Phillips"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/247"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_293","title":"Interview with William Lemons","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Lemons, William","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-16"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, William Lemons discusses his opinions about several topics related to the Depression, including what he thinks of Herbert Hoover and FDR. He also talks about race relations. Lemons recounts how his family came from Georgia when he was young, and he explains what he sees as the difference in attitude between Georgia blacks and those from Alabama. He talks about being a cook in the Navy, a job he says he got because of his disposition. He explains that he's in general a positive person, and it gets him far in life, makes him lucky. Lemons describes his experience of living through the Depression. He says his family fared well because he had a relatively steady job for those times. In fact, he was often in the position to help others, especially by giving them food. He claims he had a nice boss, and it made his life easier. Lemons also explains his opinions about the country's leaders during that time. He says that Hoover, as well as the entire Republican party, was distanced from the plight of the common man. On the other hand, FDR was a rich man, but he \"had poor people at heart.\" He also discusses his opinions of Kennedy, Eisenhower, and Regan. Lemons talks about segregation and says he didn't have a lot of conflicts during that time. He claims he had several white friends, and he got along with them: \"'Cause I had a place, and I stayed in my place.\" He says he \"never bucked the law.\"","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Lemons, William--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with William Lemons"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/293"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_137","title":"Interview with Catherine Bean","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Bean, Catherine","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-15"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Catherine Bean talks about her life in rural Alabama. Bean was born in 1922 in New Brockton, Coffee County Alabama. Her family was sharecroppers. They moved to Geneva County in 1910 and then to Birmingham in 1938. She attended Tuskegee University and taught school between Hartford and Geneva. She retired after she married James Garfield Bean, a sharecropper from Troy, Alabama. She describes sharecropping and its challenges. She also discusses having her childhood home burned. Bean taught school in Slocum and Cottonwood, Alabama. She had 30-40 children in her classroom and was the only teacher in the school. If someone got sick, the doctor would be summoned; there were no hospitals. Bean also discusses revivals in the area. She said they would sing and pray, and women would run the prayer service.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Bean, Catherine--Interviews","Sharecropping--Alabama","Education--Alabama","Medical care--Alabama","Alabama--Religion","United States--Civilization--1970-"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Catherine Bean"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/137"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_244","title":"Interview with Patrick Hughes, Jr.","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Hughes, Patrick, Jr.","Hardy, Charles"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-10"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Patrick Hughes recounts his family history, including his father's controversial work as a preacher that resulted in him being run out of Birmingham, Alabama. Hughes tells the story of his father's call to preaching, how he lived in Virginia and West Virginia before moving the family to Birmingham. He explains how his father's preaching got him in trouble. He told the black women in his congregation to stop having sex with their white bosses, and the women reported this to their bosses. The white men came after Hughes's father to lynch him, so he and a friend holed up in the friend's hardware store and protected themselves with shotguns. After this incident, the friend advised Hughes's father to leave Birmingham, so he moved to Colorado. [Tape also contains musical clips whose lyrics are not provided, but which are summarized in the transcript as the following: 1) \"about being a Klansman and fighting for glory and liberty,\" 2) \"about making cowboys and niggers our new game,\" and 3) \"an anti-LBJ voice to 'Dixie' instrumental\"]","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Hughes, Patrick, Jr.--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Patrick Hughes, Jr."],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/244"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_65","title":"Interview with Fred Shuttlesworth","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Shuttlesworth, Fred","Sillman, Marcie"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-09"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth discusses his early life and his eventual role in the Civil Rights Movement. Throughout the interview, Shuttlesworth speaks about the role of his religious faith played in his life and his involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. In 1956 Alabama outlawed the NAACP. Shuttlesworth recounts holding a meeting when a deputy approached with a pistol and demanded that that no other NAACP meetings be held. Knowing that he would probably be arrested, Shuttlesworth called a mass meeting at Sardis Baptist Church in Birmingham. There were 600-700 attendees. During this meeting, the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights was formed. This organization was formed to get around the law that prohibited NAACP meetings. Regular meetings continued to be held, with detectives sitting in. He also details his involvement with Bull Connor. Shuttlesworth consistently maintained that African-Americans be allowed to serve on the police force; this request eventually resulted in a confrontation with Connor at the Birmingham City Hall. In this interview, Shuttlesworth also describes the Klan's attempt on his life which he says did not slow down his efforts; his religious faith gave him strength to continue. Shortly after this event, he organized a bus ride in Birmingham, where blacks sat with whites. Shuttlesworth recounts being beaten for trying to enroll his children in Phillips High School. He also describes the constant harassment from the local police department. He recalls sitting in the white section of an Atlanta train station and the mob scene that resulted from this action. In 1958, Shuttlesworth's church was bombed; the person behind this incident was brought trail 22 years later and sentenced to 10 years in jail. He recalls that very few white people were involved in the movement. Shuttlesworth believes that most were afraid to speak up and simply accepted the law. He added that they were also afraid of Bull Connor and afraid of being ostracized. He briefly mentions the involvement of other Civil Rights leaders in Birmingham. Shuttlesworth's organization invited Martin Luther King Jr. to Birmingham. Shuttlesworth says: \"we invited him because Birmingham was the citadel of segregation.\" Shuttlesworth sees the legacy of the Civil Rights Movement as the opening wedge for other movements, like the peace movement.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Shuttlesworth, Fred--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Fred Shuttlesworth"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/65"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_wlohp_0000063","title":"Interview with Fred Shuttlesworth, 1984 August 9","collection_id":"alm_wlohp","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Sillman, Marcie"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011"],"dc_date":["1984-08-09"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth discusses his early life and his eventual role in the Civil Rights Movement. Throughout the interview, Shuttlesworth speaks about the role of his religious faith played in his life and his involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. In 1956 Alabama outlawed the NAACP. Shuttlesworth recounts holding a meeting when a deputy approached with a pistol and demanded that that no other NAACP meetings be held. Knowing that he would probably be arrested, Shuttlesworth called a mass meeting at Sardis Baptist Church in Birmingham. There were 600-700 attendees. During this meeting, the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights was formed. This organization was formed to get around the law that prohibited NAACP meetings. Regular meetings continued to be held, with detectives sitting in. He also details his involvement with Bull Connor. Shuttlesworth consistently maintained that African-Americans be allowed to serve on the police force; this request eventually resulted in a confrontation with Connor at the Birmingham City Hall. In this interview, Shuttlesworth also describes the Klan's attempt on his life which he says did not slow down his efforts; his religious faith gave him strength to continue. Shortly after this event, he organized a bus ride in Birmingham, where blacks sat with whites. Shuttlesworth recounts being beaten for trying to enroll his children in Phillips High School. He also describes the constant harassment from the local police department. He recalls sitting in the white section of an Atlanta train station and the mob scene that resulted from this action. In 1958, Shuttlesworth's church was bombed; the person behind this incident was brought trail 22 years later and sentenced to 10 years in jail. He recalls that very few white people were involved in the movement. Shuttlesworth believes that most were afraid to speak up and simply accepted the law. He added that they were also afraid of Bull Connor and afraid of being ostracized. He briefly mentions the involvement of other Civil Rights leaders in Birmingham. Shuttlesworth's organization invited Martin Luther King Jr. to Birmingham. Shuttlesworth says: \"we invited him because Birmingham was the citadel of segregation.\" Shuttlesworth sees the legacy of the Civil Rights Movement as the opening wedge for other movements, like the peace movement.","Interviewed by Marcie Sillman in 1984."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Archive of American Minority Cultures"],"dc_relation":["Forms part of the online collection: Working Lives Oral History Project."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Alabama--Birmingham","Civil rights movements--Alabama","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Mass meetings--Alabama--Birmingham","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Birmingham (Ala.)--Race relations","Intimidation","Direct action--Alabama--Birmingham"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Fred Shuttlesworth, 1984 August 9"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/65"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the W. S. Hoole Special Collections Library."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status."],"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts","sound recordings"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Connor, Eugene, 1897-1973"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_wlohp_0000073","title":"Interview with Rev C.C. Welch, 1984 August 7 and 1984 August 9","collection_id":"alm_wlohp","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Welch, C. C., 1901-"],"dc_date":["1984-08-07","1984-08-09"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Reverend C. C. 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