{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_260","title":"Interview with Dr. Wallace Clyde","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Wallace, Clyde","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-10-19"],"dcterms_description":["Dr. Wilson (Wallace?) Clyde was a pediatrician at the Lloyd Noland (or TCI Hospital) from 1924 to 1929. In this interview, he talks about providing medical care for the children living in the mining camps. He also recounts the most common mining injuries or illnesses among miners, such as lack of oxygen, heat stroke and broken bones.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Clyde, Wallace, Dr.--Interviews","Child health services--Alabama","Miners--Medical care--Alabama","Mining camps--Alabama","United States--Civilization--1970-"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Dr. Wallace Clyde"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/260"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_270","title":"Interview with Katherine Smith","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Smith, Katherine","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-10-18"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Mrs. F. C. Smith talks about her life as a mining camp doctor's wife. Smith's husband was hired by the mining company to run a small hospital on company grounds. Smith recalls that her husband tried to keep his work and home life separate, so she doesn't know much about the injuries he treated. She also says she didn't mix with the miners very much. However, she does remember them going on strike and the University of Alabama sending cadets to break it up. Despite that, Smith remembers many details of camp life. She recalls the camp school, which taught the children a lot of practical things like cooking and sewing. Smith herself said she spent many of her days sewing. She bought her groceries at the commissary. She also explains that she had a black mammy for her children. Smith says, \"I felt funny living in a mine.\" Rather than receive mail at and address that revealed that she was in a mining camp, she used the number of her street.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Smith, Katherine--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Katherine Smith"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/270"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_195","title":"Interview with Amos F. Gordon","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Gordon, Amos F.","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-09-20"],"dcterms_description":["Amos Gordon was a music teacher and musician in Birmingham. In this interview, he discusses Birmingham's unique musical heritage, explaining that Duke Ellington's first trumpet player and several members of Count Basie's band were from Birmingham. While living in Birmingham, he played in band called the Virba Cathedral band. They played in nearby areas for $10.00 per night. During the Depression, his music supported him. After graduating high school, he attended Alabama State then went on get his Master's at New York University. In 1939 he was hired at Tuttle Elementary School in Birmingham to teach band and Social Studies. He was drafted in 1943 and was assigned to Fort Benning, Georgia. He was discharged in 1946 and then went on to tour with various jazz musicians. He toured with Louis Armstrong, Lucky Millender and Andy Kirk. He discusses life on the road and goes on to say that he eventually got tired of and bored with traveling thousands of miles on a bus. Gordon describes Birmingham's music scene in the '30s and 40s: \"all the big bands would come here... Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Lucky Millender, Louis Armstrong... \" The bands were booked by black agents and played to all black audiences. He also describes the story behind the song, \"Tuxedo Junction,\" a song credited to Birmingham composer Erskine Hawkins. While teaching music in Birmingham, he would be given free tickets to shows sponsored by Birmingham News but was forced to sit in the balcony. Gordon also recounts Nat King Cole's visit to Birmingham's Boutwell auditorium in the 1960s; Cole was physically attacked by a white man from Anniston. Cole subsequently said he would never come back to Birmingham.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Gordon, Amos F.--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Amos F. Gordon"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/195"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_5","title":"Interview with Frederick Cox","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Cox, Frederick","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-09-18"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Frederick Cox recalls moving to Birmingham in 1924; his father moved the family for a better education for his children. He attended Tuskegee University from 1935 to 1938. He decided not to go back to school in '38 and began to work for U.S. Steel until he retired. He talks about race relations and trying to organize labor during the 1930s. Cox explains that the workers had to initially keep their union membership quiet, for fear of losing their jobs. The union meetings would be held in secret, often in local churches; he goes on to say that local ministers were supportive of labor unions. He recalls overt discrimination in the workplace and adds that conditions improved after Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, creating the Equal Opportunities Commission. Before this period, there were \"black jobs\" and \"white jobs\"; he explains that blacks did the \"dirty work.\" He goes on to say that black workers were simply called \"laborers\" and given no titles, while whites were employed as \"pipe fitters,\" \"millwrights,\" \"machinists,\" etc. He also discusses the segregated facilities in the steel mill.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Cox, Frederick--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Frederick Cox"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/5"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_200","title":"Interview with Charles F. Zukowski","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Zukowski, Charles F.","Kuhn, Cliff"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-09-09"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Charles Zukowski talks about coming to Alabama and his work to help the progress of blacks in the south. Trained as a lawyer, Zukowski came to Birmingham from Saint Louis to work at the First National Bank of Birmingham. He found southerners \"friendly\" and \"hospitable.\" He says that there were segregation and race problems in Saint Louis, but attitudes were more pronounced in Birmingham, \"not only on segregation but on holding blacks down to very much lower standards.\" Zukowski began to work toward helping blacks. He wrote a column for ten years, under a pseudonym, addressing race relations. He also worked toward building a hospital for blacks. He explains that they had a Jefferson Country Coordinating Council which tried to push for a more segregated society, and this council had an interracial committee. They held a conference on progress for blacks which was attended by eight or nine hundred people. The interracial committee had to be abandoned eventually because the local group of businesses that funded the council threatened to pull their money from the organization altogether if they didn't. Zukowski says that Birmingham had some of the same problems Atlanta did, but it seems to him that the people in Alabama were more \"backward,\" so they had a harder time of it. He talks about his southern friends saying they could agree with him intellectually about the need for change, but they couldn't get past the emotions of it. He also talks about how it was risky for him to keep up his column, and once people began to figure out that he was doing it, he was asked to take an early retirement from his job. Zukowski talks about the Depression and the various government agencies that helped people during that time. He also recounts the day the banks closed.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Zukowski, Charles F.--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Charles F. Zukowski"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/200"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_43","title":"Interview with Valerie Lockett and Evelyn Howard","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Lockett, Valerie","Howard, Evelyn","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-09-01"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Valerie Lockett, with help from her sister Evelyn Howard, recalls various aspects of black society from the days of segregation. Lockett remembers the social clubs for black women in the thirties and forties. She says they focused on everything from preparing girls for debutante balls to civics to playing Bridge. Lockett also talks about the music scene in Birmingham, how many famous jazz musicians had been in Birmingham, and in Fess Whatley's band, such as Count Basie, Duke Ellington, and Louis Armstrong. She also describes how different groups hung out on the four corners of the intersection of Fourth Avenue and Seventeenth Street. Lockett and Howard talk about living in a segregated society. Lockett says it didn't bother her to have to walk back to the black side of town to eat when she was out shopping in a white area. While that seemed normal, not being allowed to use the restrooms or drinking fountains frustrated her. Howard remembers getting off a bus once because she refused to give up her seat to a white man. She says it made her so angry she cried. Lockett recalls being harassed and followed by a white man, but she didn't report it because she didn't think that would do any good. Lockett and Howard describe time with their family. Their entertainment was reciting poetry, playing the piano and singing, and playing bridge and outdoor games like croquet. Howard also recalls going to church with her grandmother and talks about the importance of gospel music. Lockett talks about teaching high school from 1945-1952 at Parker, the only black high school in Birmingham. While she found the school's focus on industrial education good, she also remembers how the principal was of mixed race, so she feels like the light-skinned students has an advantage. She remembers that the drama teacher didn't like to put darker blacks on stage; in one instance, a light-skinned girl who couldn't sing was cast in a play, and a darker-skinned girl sang her part off stage while she mouthed the words. Lockett also talks about working with musicians Fess Whatley and Malachi Wilkerson through the school.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Lockett, Valerie--Interviews","Howard, Evelyn --Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Valerie Lockett and Evelyn Howard"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/43"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_75","title":"Interview with Ada Tolbert","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Tolbert, Ada","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-29"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Ada Tolbert recalls attending Industrial High School, later called Parker. She explains that they were taught a good balance of regular academic subjects and practical skills. They took such classes as cooking and sewing (for the girls) and carpentry and printing (for the boys). She also remembers being taught by later famous musicians Fess Whatley and Malachi Wilkerson. Tolbert herself eventually became a teacher. She taught at the Slate School and also at several company schools. She says the company schools were much better than the ones in the county.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Tolbert, Ada--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Ada Tolbert"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/75"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_128","title":"Interview with Howard McAdory","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["McAdory, Howard","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-24"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Howard McAdory recounts his life as a coal miner, his involvement in the UMWA (United Mine Workers of America) and the multiple dangers associated with mining. He also defines the mining terms \"sounding the top\" and \"dead work.\" McAdory recalls an explosion in one of the mines that burned his father and resulted in scars around his neck, face and arms. He decided that if his Daddy would go back in the mines, he would work in the mines. He first went into the mines at 16, with his father, who showed him how to lay tracks. McAdory worked for the WPA and thought FDR did very well. He said the Depression was pretty rough but didn't bother him too much because he had a job and little jobs on the side. He didn't have a family at the time, so it didn't go too hard on him. Throughout his career as a miner, McAdory worked in coal mines, ore mines and drove mules in the mines. He eventually acquired black lung and was given a pension.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["McAdory, Howard--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Howard McAdory"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/128"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_265","title":"Interview with Ella Pegues","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Pegues, Ella","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-22"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Ella Pegues recalls life during segregation as she recounts her active role in the events of the Civil Rights movement. Pegues remembers the difficulty of dealing with segregation. She says she was active in boycotts of and sit-ins at establishments that would not serve blacks. She recalls being in jail a couple of times for this passive resistance, and she remembers Martin Luther King, Jr., visiting them to instruct them on how to behave. She also recounts stories of problems on public transportation. Pegues says that older folks didn't think the marches and other efforts to push civil rights would accomplish anything. She says they seemed even more excited about the successes because \"they didn't know it could be done.\" Pegues remembers the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. Afterwards, she said she felt \"empty\": \"I didn't exactly feel angry because we had been conditioned... not to be angry with anything that happened.\" But she questions why it had to happen, especially to innocent children. Pegues describes segregation as \"stupid.\" She says that it didn't make any sense that she could work with whites and be a wet nurse to white babies, but could not eat with whites. Another example she gives is of an old boss: \"Lord have mercy! I cook her food. I couldn't come in the front door. Wasn't that stupid?\" She also describes segregation as wasteful because the building of separate facilities was expensive. Pegues discusses the hypocrisy of whites. She says she hates it when whites say they like black people but do so in a condescending way, heard in \"the way they would say it, and the terms they would use.\" She says this is still a problem, and it will take generations to correct. Pegues also discusses Fred Shuttlesworth and her experiences with Martin Luther King, Jr. She recalls Gov. George Wallace's Stand in the Schoolhouse Door. She also tells the story of a friend of hers who was a nurse to Bull Connor. The woman tormented him subtly for a time, but Pegues convinced her to stop. Pegues says she believes his attitudes were a result of his raising.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Pegues, Ella--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Ella Pegues"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/265"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_wlohp_0000053","title":"Interview with Ella Pegues, 1984 August 22","collection_id":"alm_wlohp","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Pegues, Ella, 1903-"],"dc_date":["1984-08-22"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Ella Pegues recalls life during segregation as she recounts her active role in the events of the Civil Rights movement. Pegues remembers the difficulty of dealing with segregation. She says she was active in boycotts of and sit-ins at establishments that would not serve blacks. She recalls being in jail a couple of times for this passive resistance, and she remembers Martin Luther King, Jr., visiting them to instruct them on how to behave. She also recounts stories of problems on public transportation. Pegues says that older folks didn't think the marches and other efforts to push civil rights would accomplish anything. She says they seemed even more excited about the successes because \"they didn't know it could be done.\" Pegues remembers the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. Afterwards, she said she felt \"empty\": \"I didn't exactly feel angry because we had been conditioned . . . not to be angry with anything that happened.\" But she questions why it had to happen, especially to innocent children. Pegues describes segregation as \"stupid.\" She says that it didn't make any sense that she could work with whites and be a wet nurse to white babies, but could not eat with whites. Another example she gives is of an old boss: \"Lord have mercy! I cook her food. I couldn't come in the front door. Wasn't that stupid?\" She also describes segregation as wasteful because the building of separate facilities was expensive. Pegues discusses the hypocrisy of whites. She says she hates it when whites say they like black people but do so in a condescending way, heard in \"the way they would say it, and the terms they would use.\" She says this is still a problem, and it will take generations to correct. Pegues also discusses Fred Shuttlesworth and her experiences with Martin Luther King, Jr. She recalls Gov. George Wallace's Stand in the Schoolhouse Door. She also tells the story of a friend of hers who was a nurse to Bull Connor. The woman tormented him subtly for a time, but Pegues convinced her to stop. 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For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. When permission is granted, please credit the images as Courtesy of The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections."],"dcterms_medium":["interviews","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"alm_u0008-0000003_38","title":"Interview with Essie Davis","collection_id":"alm_u0008-0000003","collection_title":"Working Lives Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Davis, Essie","Hamrick, Peggy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1984-08-20","1984-08-21"],"dcterms_description":["In this interview, Essie P. 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She explains that the Red Cross had several different distribution centers where they supplied food such as flour, peas and rice. She adds that they would sometimes have beef but the beef was almost impossible to cook because the cows were also malnourished.; Note: Transcripts do not cover the entire recording. There is no transcript available for the fourth audio file.","The digitization of this collection was funded by a gift from EBSCO Industries."],"dc_format":["audio/mpeg","image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Working Lives Oral History Project"],"dcterms_subject":["Davis, Essie--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with Essie Davis"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.libraries.ua.edu/cdm/ref/collection/u0008_0000003/id/38"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Images are in the public domain or protected under U.S. copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code), and both types may be used for research and private study. For publication, commercial use, or reproduction, in print or digital format, of all images and/or the accompanying data, users are required to secure prior written permission from the copyright holder and from archives@ua.edu. 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