{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0345","title":"Oral history interview with Guy B. Johnson, July 22, 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Egerton, John","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Johnson, Guy Benton, 1901-1991"],"dc_date":["1990-07-22"],"dcterms_description":["Sociologist Guy B. Johnson recalls the string of lucky breaks that brought him to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a career as a sociologist. Johnson had more than a scholarly interest in race, and soon became active in the brewing civil rights agitation of the World War II era. Although he was a founding member of the Southern Regional Council (SRC), Johnson was wary of radicalism and believed that the court system was best equipped to dismantle segregation. In this interview, he describes the creation of the SRC and his response to some of the legal victories for civil rights in the 1940s. Researchers interested in biographical details should look to the first half of this interview as well for information of interest.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Segregation--Southern States","Southern Regional Council"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Guy B. Johnson, July 22, 1990"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0345/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 02:03:25"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Johnson, Guy Benton, 1901-1991","Odum, Howard Washington, 1884-1954","Graham, Frank Porter, 1886-1972"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0335","title":"Oral history interview with Charles M. Jones, July 21, 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Egerton, John","Jones, Dorcas","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Orange County, 36.0613, -79.1206","United States, North Carolina, Orange County, Chapel Hill, 35.9132, -79.05584"],"dcterms_creator":["Jones, Charles Miles, 1906-1993"],"dc_date":["1990-07-21"],"dcterms_description":["Charles Jones led the First Presbyterian Church in Chapel Hill during the late 1940s. In this interview, he briefly describes his education and how he entered the ministry. He spends most of the time discussing the controversies that occurred during his tenure at the church. The regional presbytery disapproved of his decision to allow African American Presbyterians to attend the church and to provide shelter to Freedom Riders after they left Durham, North Carolina. Jones also went against church rules by not having his members read the Article of Faith during service. He describes how the presbytery tried to force him to move to another church, pledge support for the Article of Faith, and segregate the church. Some local whites, including students and faculty at the University of North Carolina, supported Jones throughout this process. Nevertheless, he was eventually expelled from the Presbyterian Church for his views on race and faith. The interview closes with his opinions on the inevitable failure of the \"separate but equal\" doctrine and whether John Egerton, the interviewer, was correct in seeing the period between 1945 and 1950 as a missed opportunity for improvement in race relations.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Politics and government","Chapel Hill (N.C.)--Race relations","Presbyterian Church--North Carolina","Chapel Hill Presbyterian Church (Chapel Hill, N.C.)","Civil rights workers--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Presbyterians--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Race relations--Religious aspects--Christianity","Civil rights movements--North Carolina--Chapel Hill","Racism--North Carolina--Chapel Hill"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Charles M. Jones, July 21, 1990"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0335/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Dec. 20, 2007).","Interview participants: Charles M. Jones, interviewee; Dorcas Jones, interviewee; John Egerton, interviewer.","Duration: 01:02:34.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Graham, Frank Porter, 1886-1972","Jones, Charles Miles, 1906-1993","Jones, Dorcas"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0360","title":"Oral history interview with John Ivey, July 21, 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Egerton, John","Ivey, Melville Corbett","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Ivey, John E. (John Eli), 1919-"],"dc_date":["1990-07-21"],"dcterms_description":["John Ivey was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1919 and raised in Auburn, Alabama. After completing college at Auburn University, Ivey came to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to pursue a doctoral degree in sociology. While at UNC-CH, Ivey met and married his wife, Melville Corbett Ivey, another sociology graduate student. Ivey and his wife describe the sociology graduate program, focusing on Howard Odum and Rupert Vance as especially influential figures. Emphasizing his increasing interest in regionalism at that time, Ivey discusses the relationship between Odum and Frank Porter Graham and their respective approaches towards addressing political and social problems in the South. Ivey graduated with his doctoral degree in sociology in 1944 and went to work for the Tennessee Valley Authority. In 1948, Ivey briefly returned to academia, teaching at UNC-CH and then accepting a position at New York University. During that same year, Ivey was recruited by southern governors to head up the newly-formed Southern Regional Education Board. Ivey moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where he served as director of the SREB from 1948 until 1956. He describes his own support of desegregation and acknowledges that he saw the SREB as an instrument for changing educational policies in the South. Ivey and his wife focus specifically in their discussion of their work with SREB on the role of southern governors, notably Millard Caldwell of Florida, and the competing visions of whether SREB should uphold or challenge segregation in southern public schools.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["North Carolina--Race relations","School integration--Southern States","Educators--Southern States","Southern Regional Education Board","College integration--Southern States","Education, Higher--Political aspects--Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with John Ivey, July 21, 1990"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0360/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on July 8, 2008).","Interview participants: John Ivey, interviewee; Melville Corbett Ivey, interviewee; John Egerton, interviewer.","Duration: 01:30:56.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Ivey, John E., Jr., 1919-1992","Ivey, Melville Corbett","Odum, Howard Washington, 1884-1954"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0351","title":"Oral history interview with Lyman Johnson, July 12, 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Egerton, John","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Kentucky, Jefferson County, Louisville, 38.25424, -85.75941","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434","United States, Tennessee, Maury County, 35.61694, -87.07701","United States, Tennessee, Maury County, Columbia, 35.61507, -87.03528"],"dcterms_creator":["Johnson, Lyman T., 1906-1997"],"dc_date":["1990-07-12"],"dcterms_description":["Lyman Johnson's views on civil rights were formed by his father, who rejected racial hierarchies. Johnson started working to achieve racial equality in Columbia, Tennessee, and Louisville, Kentucky, after he returned from naval service following World War II. The interview begins with his description of violence that flared up in Columbia, Tennessee, after a black soldier's attack on a verbally abusive white store owner. Johnson asserts that the racial integration that should have occurred immediately after World War II was delayed as a result of apathy among white southerners, underlining the necessity of outside intervention. Though Louisville was more progressive than other southern cities, its leaders remained reluctant to endorse full equality. That reluctance made life difficult for black and white citizens alike.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Tennessee--Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--Kentucky","Louisville (Ky.)--Race relations","African Americans","Columbia (Tenn.)--Race relations","Racism--Tennessee--Columbia","Civil rights movements--Tennessee--Columbia","Racism--Kentucky--Louisville","Civil rights movements--Kentucky--Louisville","Teachers' unions--Southern States"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Lyman Johnson, July 12, 1990"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0351/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Dec. 21, 2007).","Interview participants: Lyman Johnson, interviewee; John Egerton, interviewer.","Duration: 01:03:17.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-CH digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Mike Millner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Johnson, Lyman T., 1906-1997"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"kdl_abrad_19910623allison","title":"Interview with William Allison, June 23, 1991","collection_id":"kdl_abrad","collection_title":"Anne Braden Oral History Project","dcterms_contributor":["Fosl, Catherine"],"dcterms_spatial":["Chile, -30.0, -71.0","United States, Alabama, 32.75041, -86.75026","United States, District of Columbia, Washington, 38.89511, -77.03637","United States, Kentucky, Fayette County, 38.04233, -84.45873","United States, Kentucky, Fayette County, Lexington, 37.98869, -84.47772","United States, Kentucky, Franklin County, 38.23915, -84.87707","United States, Kentucky, Franklin County, Frankfort, 38.20091, -84.87328","United States, Kentucky, Jefferson County, Louisville, 38.25424, -85.75941","United States, Kentucky, Meade County, 37.96984, -86.21718","United States, Kentucky, Meade County, Muldraugh, 37.93702, -85.99163","United States, Kentucky, Pike County, 37.46902, -82.39587","United States, Louisiana, Orleans Parish, 30.06864, -89.92813","United States, Louisiana, Orleans Parish, New Orleans, 29.95465, -90.07507","United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036","United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Allison, William H., Jr."],"dc_date":["1990-06-23"],"dcterms_description":["Interview with Bill Allison, June 23, 1991 conducted by Catherine Fosl.","Bill Allison, former attorney and civil rights activist, served as SCEF's (Southern Conference Educational Fund ) lawyer from 1969 to 1974. In this interview, Allison discusses how he got involved in the Civil Rights Movement, his impressions of Anne and Carl Braden, and the insight he gained about effecting change in society and government through his contact with the Bradens. He speaks about representing SCEF people or friends of SCEF and serving on the legal team that represented the Black Six case and the Louisville Black Panthers case. Allison also explains SCEF's demise due to internal tension brought on by differing ideologies among its activist members."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Lawyers--Interviews","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Civil rights--United States","Civil rights movements--United States","Black Panther Party","United States--History--1961-1969","United States--History--1969-","Civil rights lawyers--Kentucky--Louisville","Civil rights workers--Kentucky--Louisville","Pacifists--Kentucky--Louisville","Communists--United States","Cold War--Influence","Demonstrations--Washington (D.C.)","Demonstrations--Kentucky","Violence--Kentucky","Trials (Sedition)--Kentucky","Picketing--Kentucky--Lexington","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Draft resisters--Kentucky","Draft--United States","Community activists--Kentucky","Demonstrations--Kentucky--Muldraugh","Black power--United States","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Civil rights demonstrations--Kentucky--Frankfort","Discrimination in housing--Kentucky--Frankfort","Christian ethics--Kentucky","Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship","Peace movements--United States","Presidents--Election--1968","Class consciousness--Kentucky","Leadership","Marriage","Police brutality--Kentucky--Louisville","Race riots--Kentucky--Louisville","Discrimination in housing--Kentucky--Louisville","Jury selection--Kentucky","Imprisonment--Kentucky","Republic of New Africa (Organization)","Kentucky Derby","Robbery--Kentucky--Louisville","Violence--Kentucky--Louisville","Communist Party of the United States of America","Congresses and conventions--Chile","October League (M-L)","Students for a Democratic Society (U.S.)","Black Workers Congress","Kidnapping--Kentucky--Louisville","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","Presidents--Election--1984","National Rainbow Coalition (U.S.)","Southern Organizing Committee for Economic and Social Justice","Courier-journal (Louisville, Ky.)","Progressive Party (U.S. : 1948)","Families--Kentucky--Louisville","Interpersonal relations--Kentucky--Louisville","Women civil rights workers--Kentucky--Louisville","Allison, William H., Jr.--Interviews"],"dcterms_title":["Interview with William Allison, June 23, 1991"],"dcterms_type":["Sound","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Kentucky"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://kentuckyoralhistory.org/ark:/16417/xt769p2w4562"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["All rights to the interviews, including but not restricted to legal title, copyrights and literary property rights, have been transferred to the University of Kentucky Libraries."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["oral histories (literary works)","sound recordings","transcripts"],"dcterms_extent":["1 interview :  [01:45:05]"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Braden, Anne, 1924-2006","Braden, Carl, 1914-1975","Allison, William H., Jr.","Sedler, Robert Allen","Kunstler, William M. (William Moses), 1919-1995","Smith, Benjamin Eugene","Honey, Michael K.","McCarthy, Eugene J., 1916-2005","Carmichael, Stokely, 1941-1998","Sullivan, William C.","Allende Gossens, Salvador, 1908-1973","Simkins, Modjeska Monteith, 1899-1992","Dombrowski, James A. (James Anderson), 1897-1983","Jackson, Jesse, 1941-","Williams, Aubrey Willis, 1890-1965","Forman, James, 1928-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_l-0127","title":"Oral history interview with Julius L. Chambers, June 18, 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Link, William A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Chambers, Julius L. (Julius LeVonne), 1936-"],"dc_date":["1990-06-18"],"dcterms_description":["Julius Chambers discusses his involvement with the University of North Carolina's Board of Governors from 1972 to 1977 as a representative of his alma mater, North Carolina Central University. He explains that smaller North Carolina colleges and universities and traditionally underrepresented groups found a voice in post-secondary school decisions during this period. During this period, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) established a set of criteria for the desegregation of higher education institutions. While he felt the North Carolina college system had not complied with the court order to eliminate the inequalities of segregated schools, other board officials believed UNC had done enough and wanted the federal government to disengage itself from North Carolina affairs. Although university president William Friday also argued that the state's higher education system complied with the desegregation orders, Chambers favorably assesses Friday's leadership as UNC president and Board of Governors member. He contends that Friday built a consensus among board members on a middle-of-the-road political position. Nonetheless, because North Carolina delayed making meaningful changes in the desegregation of its post-secondary schools, HEW filed a desegregation lawsuit against UNC. The later reluctance of the Nixon and Ford administrations to support school desegregation and the endorsement of the Carter administration furthered the Office for Civil Rights' resolve to enforce the desegregation of North Carolina post-secondary schools. Chambers blames the retreat from desegregation initiatives on a conservative resurgence and on North Carolina's desire to end the ongoing debate on race in higher education.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American college administrators--North Carolina","College trustees--North Carolina","College integration--North Carolina","University of North Carolina (System)--Trials, litigation, etc.","Affirmative action programs in education--North Carolina","Higher education and state--North Carolina"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Julius L. Chambers, June 18, 1990"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/L-0127/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Title from menu page (viewed on Nov. 25, 2008).","Interview participants: Julius L. Chambers, interviewee; William Link, interviewer.","Duration: 00:56:18.","This electronic edition is part of the UNC-Chapel Hill digital library, Documenting the American South. It is a part of the collection Oral histories of the American South.","Text encoded by Jennifer Joyner. Sound recordings digitized by Aaron Smithers."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Chambers, Julius L. (Julius LeVonne), 1936-2013","Friday, William C. (William Clyde)"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_l-0035","title":"Oral history interview with George Esser, June-August 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Weaver, Frances A.","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, 35.50069, -80.00032"],"dcterms_creator":["Esser, George H."],"dc_date":["1990-06/1990-08"],"dcterms_description":["George Esser was the assistant director of the University of North Carolina's Institute of Government, executive director of the North Carolina Fund, project adviser with the Ford Foundation, and the executive director of the Southern Regional Council. He was born into a comfortable Virginia coal family in 1920, but the Great Depression plunged his family into poverty. Struggling to find a way to earn an income, Esser learned \"the meaning of what a penny meant and a nickel meant\" and what government programs could offer to needy Americans. Esser took advantage of one such government program, the G.I. Bill, to enroll at Harvard Law School, and he took his law degree south to the Institute of Government in Chapel Hill. In this interview, Esser describes the background and family history that shaped his philosophy and how he put that philosophy, a belief in the power of institutions to uplift communities, into action at the Institute. There, under the direction of Albert Coates, he studied issues like city-county consolidation and made connections that would eventually lead to the creation of the North Carolina Fund, a five-year community empowerment organization created with a grant by the Ford Foundation. Esser discusses the increasing role the Fund played in North Carolina's economic development in the 1960s, a story that reveals not only the importance of political influence in the development process, but also the operations and personalities that drove the Fund's initiatives. After discussing the North Carolina Fund, which closed in 1968, Esser remembers his efforts to reorient the Southern Regional Council (SRC) in Atlanta and his return to North Carolina in the 1980s. This interview offers not just an inside look at influential social justice organizations in the 1960s and 1970s, but also a portrait of a man who devoted his life to organizations dedicated to ameliorating poverty and social inequality.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Community development corporations--North Carolina--Employees","Social reformers--North Carolina","Community development--North Carolina","North Carolina--Economic policy","North Carolina Fund","North Carolina--Economic conditions","North Carolina--Race relations","University of North Carolina (1793-1962). Institute of Government"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with George Esser, June-August 1990"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Documenting the American South (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/L-0035/menu.html"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["transcripts","sound recordings","oral histories (literary works)"],"dcterms_extent":["Duration: 07:31:55"],"dlg_subject_personal":["Esser, George H., Jr., 1921-2006","Coates, Albert, 1896-1989"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"noa_sohpcr_a-0356","title":"Oral history interview with Modjeska Simkins, May 11, 1990","collection_id":"noa_sohpcr","collection_title":"Oral Histories of the American South: The Civil Rights Movement","dcterms_contributor":["Egerton, John","Southern Oral History Program"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, 34.00043, -81.00009","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Simkins, Modjeska Monteith, 1899-1992"],"dc_date":["1990-05-11"],"dcterms_description":["Civil rights activist and NAACP leader Modjeska Simkins recalls the civil rights struggle in South Carolina in this spirited interview. Simkins was active in social welfare and civil rights organizations in her state, emerging as a leader in the Columbia, South Carolina, branch of the NAACP. Simkins reflects on race and history in the United States and on the nation's violent past, and provides anecdotes of activism and life in the pre-World War II segregated South.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["text/html","text/xml","audio/mpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of Oral histories of the American South collection."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--Southern States","Southern States--Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Civil rights workers--Southern States","Segregation--Southern States","Civil rights workers--Southern States--Attitudes"],"dcterms_title":["Oral history interview with Modjeska Simkins, May 11, 1990"],"dcterms_type":["Text","Sound"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 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Kennedy describes himself as utterly opposed to segregation and racism, and his total devotion to a broad cause allowed him to avoid the internecine battles of the civil rights era. 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