{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"eoa_eoaa","title":"Encyclopedia of Alabama","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Calhoun County, 33.77143, -85.82603","United States, Alabama, Calhoun County, Anniston, 33.65983, -85.83163","United States, Alabama, Dallas County, 32.32597, -87.10648","United States, Alabama, Dallas County, Selma, 32.40736, -87.0211","United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249","United States, Alabama, Lowndes County, 32.15475, -86.65011","United States, Alabama, Lowndes County, Lowndesboro, 32.27514, -86.61137","United States, Alabama, Macon County, 32.38597, -85.69267","United States, Alabama, Macon County, Tuskegee, 32.42415, -85.69096","United States, Alabama, Mobile County, 30.68515, -88.19753","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, 32.22026, -86.20761","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2018"],"dcterms_description":["The Encyclopedia of Alabama is a free, online reference resource on Alabama's history, culture, geography, and natural environment. It was developed through a partnership of the Alabama Humanities Foundation and Auburn University and with the generous financial support of its founding sponsors. EOA offers articles written or adapted specifically for it and, when possible, enhanced with multimedia content. New content is added to the site regularly. The Alabama Humanities Foundation holds the copyright to EOA's original content in trust for the citizens of Alabama. EOA is a collaborative effort involving many individuals and organizations. EOA authors come from all areas of scholarship and range from scholars at academic institutions to scientists out in the field. The multimedia content that makes EOA a dynamic educational tool is made possible by the generosity of organizational partners that have shared their collections and archives with the project. EOA's mission is to present trustworthy and authoritative information on a wide range of topics. Its editors believe that in order to be credible EOA must strike a balance between celebration and condemnation. Alabama's problems are not glossed over, nor are its accomplishments and successes overlooked. Rich and poor; educated and illiterate; Confederate and Unionist; planter and slave; male and female--Alabamians of all stripes--have contributed to the development of the state, and EOA endeavors to present all these stories.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American civic leaders--Alabama","African American civil rights workers--Alabama","African American clergy--Alabama","African American college students--Alabama","African American judges--Alabama","African American lawyers--Alabama","African Americans--Alabama","African Americans--Civil rights--Alabama","African Americans--Education--Alabama","African Americans--Politics and government","African Americans--Segregation--Alabama","African Americans--Violence against","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","Alabama--Politics and government","Alabama--Race relations--History--20th century","Birmingham (Ala.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Black Panther Party","Boycotts--Alabama--Montgomery","Christians--Alabama--Birmingham--Political activity","Civic leaders--Alabama","Civil rights demonstrations--Alabama","Civil rights movements--Alabama","Civil rights workers--Alabama","Civil rights--Alabama","Clergy--Alabama","College integration--Alabama","Democratic Party (Alabama)","Direct action--Alabama","Freedom Rides, 1961","Judges--United States","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Lawyers--Alabama","Legislators--Alabama","Montgomery (Ala.)--Race relation--History--20th century","Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery, Ala., 1955-1956","Montgomery Improvement Association","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","National Democratic Party of Alabama","Nonviolence--Alabama","Passive resistance--Alabama","Political parties--Alabama","Politicians--Alabama","Project C, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","Protest marches--Alabama","Race discrimination--Alabama","Race relations","School integration--Alabama","Segregation in education--Alabama","Segregation in transportation--Alabama--Montgomery","Segregation--Alabama","Selma-Montgomery Rights March, 1965","Sit-ins--Alabama","Social change--Alabama","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","States' rights (American politics)","States' Rights Democratic Party","White supremacy movements--Alabama"],"dcterms_title":["Encyclopedia of Alabama"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Encyclopedia of Alabama (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["All rights reserved. By downloading, printing, or otherwise using text, image, logo, audio and video files from this Web site, users agree that they will limit their use of such files for purposes permitted under the fair use doctrine and will not violate EOA's or any other party's proprietary rights. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of protected materials for noncommercial educational purposes. EOA content used for such purposes does not require express permission from EOA or the Alabama Humanities Foundation, which holds the copyrights for EOA content. All other uses require written permission from the Alabama Humanities Foundation.  Permission requests may be submitted by email to: editor@encyclopediaofalabama.org or by mail to: Encyclopedia of Alabama, Attn.: Permissions, R.B. Draughon Library, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849."],"dcterms_medium":["articles","encyclopedias","interactive resource"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Clemon, U. W., 1943-","Connor, Eugene, 1897-1973","Davis, Angela Y. (Angela Yvonne), 1944-","Durr, Clifford J. (Clifford Judkins), 1899-1975","Durr, Virginia Foster","Farmer, James, 1920-","Gray, Fred D., 1930-","Johnson, Frank Minis, 1918-1999","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968","King, Coretta Scott, 1927-2006","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Liuzzo, Viola, 1925-1965","Morgan, Juliette Hampton, 1914-1957","Motley, Fannie Smith, 1927-","Nixon, Edgar Daniel","Parks, Rosa, 1913-2005","Patterson, John Malcolm, 1921-","Shores, Arthur D. (Arthur Davis), 1904-1996","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Toolen, Thomas J., 1886-1976","Younge, Sammy, 1944-1966"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"eoa_eoaa_h-1669","title":"Samuel Younge, Jr.","collection_id":"eoa_eoaa","collection_title":"Encyclopedia of Alabama","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Macon County, 32.38597, -85.69267","United States, Alabama, Macon County, Tuskegee, 32.42415, -85.69096"],"dcterms_creator":["Summerlin, Donnie"],"dc_date":["2008-09-02"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about Samuel Younge Jr. (1944-1966), the first black college student to be killed as a result of his involvement in the American civil rights movement. During the mid-1960s, Younge worked to desegregate public facilities and led voter-registration drives in Macon County and in other parts of the South. His violent death in 1966 for trying to use a whites-only restroom inspired civil rights workers in Alabama and throughout the nation to continue their work for racial equality and pushed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to publicly oppose American involvement in the Vietnam War.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the Encyclopedia of Alabama."],"dc_right":null,"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Alabama--Tuskegee","Civil rights workers--Alabama--Tuskegee","African American college students--Alabama--Tuskegee","College students--Alabama--Tuskegee","Assassination--Alabama--Macon County","Shooting (Execution)--Alabama--Macon County","Homicide--Alabama--Macon County","African American civil rights workers--Death","African American civil rights workers--Violence against--Alabama--Macon County","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements"],"dcterms_title":["Samuel Younge, Jr."],"dcterms_type":null,"dcterms_provenance":["Encyclopedia of Alabama (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1669"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["All rights reserved. By downloading, printing, or otherwise using text, image, logo, audio and video files from this Web site, users agree that they will limit their use of such files for purposes permitted under the fair use doctrine and will not violate EOA's or any other party's proprietary rights. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of protected materials for noncommercial educational purposes. EOA content used for such purposes does not require express permission from EOA or the Alabama Humanities Foundation, which holds the copyrights for EOA content. All other uses require written permission from the Alabama Humanities Foundation.  Permission requests may be submitted by email to: editor@encyclopediaofalabama.org or by mail to: Encyclopedia of Alabama, Attn.: Permissions, R.B. Draughon Library, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status."],"dcterms_medium":["articles","interactive resource"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Younge, Sammy, 1944-1966"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"eoa_eoaa_h-1644","title":"Arthur Davis Shores","collection_id":"eoa_eoaa","collection_title":"Encyclopedia of Alabama","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249","United States, Alabama, Tuscaloosa County, Tuscaloosa, 33.20984, -87.56917"],"dcterms_creator":["Woodham, Rebecca"],"dc_date":["2008-08-16"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about African American attorney Arthur Davis Shores who worked for racial equality, despite threats and violence. Shores was one of the first and most successful black attorneys in Alabama, whose career defending civil rights began in the 1930s and continued until his death in 1996. His most notable case was representing Autherine Lucy, a black woman whose admission to the University of Alabama in 1955 was fought by the white establishment.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the Encyclopedia of Alabama."],"dc_right":null,"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American lawyers--Alabama--Birmingham","Lawyers--Alabama--Birmingham","African American civil rights workers--Alabama--Birmingham","Civil rights workers--Alabama--Birmingham","Segregation in education--Alabama","College integration--Alabama--Tuscaloosa","University of Alabama","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Civil rights movements--Alabama","City council members--Alabama--Birmingham"],"dcterms_title":["Arthur Davis Shores"],"dcterms_type":null,"dcterms_provenance":["Encyclopedia of Alabama (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1644"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["All rights reserved. By downloading, printing, or otherwise using text, image, logo, audio and video files from this Web site, users agree that they will limit their use of such files for purposes permitted under the fair use doctrine and will not violate EOA's or any other party's proprietary rights. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of protected materials for noncommercial educational purposes. EOA content used for such purposes does not require express permission from EOA or the Alabama Humanities Foundation, which holds the copyrights for EOA content. All other uses require written permission from the Alabama Humanities Foundation.  Permission requests may be submitted by email to: editor@encyclopediaofalabama.org or by mail to: Encyclopedia of Alabama, Attn.: Permissions, R.B. Draughon Library, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status."],"dcterms_medium":["interactive resource","articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Shores, Arthur D. (Arthur Davis), 1904-1996","Lucy, Autherine, 1929-2022"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"eoa_eoaa_h-1633","title":"U. W. Clemon","collection_id":"eoa_eoaa","collection_title":"Encyclopedia of Alabama","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Fair, Bryan K."],"dc_date":["2008-08-11"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about U. W. Clemon (1943- ), Alabama's first black federal judge. Clemon also served as chief judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, and before that distinguished himself as a student, a civil rights activist, a lawyer, a state senator, and a civic and church leader.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the Encyclopedia of Alabama."],"dc_right":null,"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American judges--Alabama","Judges--United States","United States. District Court (Alabama : Northern District)--Officials and employees","Civil rights workers--Alabama","African American civil rights workers--Alabama","African American lawyers--Alabama","Lawyers--Alabama","Legislators--Alabama","African American legislators--Alabama","Civic leaders--Alabama","African American civic leaders--Alabama","Segregation in education--Alabama","NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund"],"dcterms_title":["U. W. Clemon"],"dcterms_type":null,"dcterms_provenance":["Encyclopedia of Alabama (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1633"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["All rights reserved. By downloading, printing, or otherwise using text, image, logo, audio and video files from this Web site, users agree that they will limit their use of such files for purposes permitted under the fair use doctrine and will not violate EOA's or any other party's proprietary rights. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of protected materials for noncommercial educational purposes. EOA content used for such purposes does not require express permission from EOA or the Alabama Humanities Foundation, which holds the copyrights for EOA content. All other uses require written permission from the Alabama Humanities Foundation.  Permission requests may be submitted by email to: editor@encyclopediaofalabama.org or by mail to: Encyclopedia of Alabama, Attn.: Permissions, R.B. Draughon Library, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status."],"dcterms_medium":["articles","interactive resource"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Clemon, U. W., 1943-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"eoa_eoaa_h-1605","title":"Freedom Rides","collection_id":"eoa_eoaa","collection_title":"Encyclopedia of Alabama","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Calhoun County, Anniston, 33.65983, -85.83163","United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, 32.22026, -86.20761","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Eckelmann, Susan"],"dc_date":["2008-07-24"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the 1961 Freedom Rides, public bus trips undertaken by racially integrated groups through the Deep South to test the enforcement of a newly enacted court order prohibiting segregation in interstate bus terminals. The riders were met with hostility and violence in a number of states, but they encountered some of the worst violence in Alabama. Civil authorities at the state and local levels actively refrained from protecting the participants from violent mobs, forcing the federal government to intervene. The nonviolent protests played a key role in publicizing the hostility facing the civil rights movement.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the Encyclopedia of Alabama."],"dc_right":null,"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Freedom Rides, 1961","Government, Resistance to--Southern States","Congress of Racial Equality","Civil rights--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Buses--Southern States","Bus terminals--Southern States","Bus lines--Southern States","Trailways","Greyhound Lines","Railroads--Southern States","Railroad stations--Southern States","Railroad travel--Southern States","African Americans--Travel--Southern States","Segregation in transportation--Southern States","Segregation--Southern States","Segregationists--Southern States","Compliance","Discrimination--Southern States","Race discrimination--Southern States","Race relations","Southern States--Race relations","Discrimination in restaurants--Southern States","Restaurants--Southern States","Interstate commerce--Southern States","Federal-state controversies--Southern States","Intervention (Federal government)--Southern States","Intimidation--Southern States","Mobs--Southern States","Riots--Southern States","Race riots--Southern States","Racism--Southern States","White supremacy movements--Southern States","Violence--Southern States","Social justice--Southern States","African Americans--Crimes against--Southern States","Offenses against the person--Southern States","Offenses against the person--South Carolina--Rock Hill","Offenses against the person--Alabama--Birmingham","Offenses against the person--Alabama--Montgomery","Southern States--Politics and government--20th century","Southern States--Social conditions--20th century","Southern States--History--20th century","Jails--Southern States","Imprisonment--Southern States","Arrest--Southern States","Police--Southern States","Police chiefs--Southern States","Direct action--Southern States","Nonviolence--Southern States","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Assault and battery--South Carolina--Rock Hill","Assault and battery--Alabama--Birmingham","Assault and battery--Alabama--Montgomery","African Americans--Violence against","Civil rights workers--Violence against","Incendiary bombs--Alabama--Anniston","Bombings--Alabama--Anniston","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission"],"dcterms_title":["Freedom Rides"],"dcterms_type":null,"dcterms_provenance":["Encyclopedia of Alabama (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1605"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["All rights reserved. By downloading, printing, or otherwise using text, image, logo, audio and video files from this Web site, users agree that they will limit their use of such files for purposes permitted under the fair use doctrine and will not violate EOA's or any other party's proprietary rights. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of protected materials for noncommercial educational purposes. EOA content used for such purposes does not require express permission from EOA or the Alabama Humanities Foundation, which holds the copyrights for EOA content. All other uses require written permission from the Alabama Humanities Foundation.  Permission requests may be submitted by email to: editor@encyclopediaofalabama.org or by mail to: Encyclopedia of Alabama, Attn.: Permissions, R.B. Draughon Library, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status."],"dcterms_medium":["articles","interactive resource"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Connor, Eugene, 1897-1973","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Patterson, John, 1921 September 27-2021","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Mann, Floyd H., 1920-1996","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"eoa_eoaa_h-1593","title":"Southern Conference for Human Welfare","collection_id":"eoa_eoaa","collection_title":"Encyclopedia of Alabama","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Jefferson County, Birmingham, 33.52066, -86.80249"],"dcterms_creator":["Woodham, Rebecca"],"dc_date":["2008-07-07"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the Birmingham-based Southern Conference for Human Welfare (SCHW) which worked from 1938 to 1948 and tried to bring long-overdue New Deal-inspired reforms to the South. In particular, the organization was committed to improving social justice and civil rights and instituting electoral reform in the region by repealing the poll tax. Perhaps the most noteworthy of a number of organizations that grew out of the movement for regional reform in the 1930s, the SCHW folded because of funding problems and charges of harboring Communist sympathies, but it laid the groundwork for future civil rights activism.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the Encyclopedia of Alabama."],"dc_right":null,"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Southern Conference for Human Welfare","Social change--Alabama--Birmingham","Civil rights--Alabama--Birmingham","African Americans--Civil rights--Alabama--Birmingham","Civil rights movements--Alabama--Birmingham"],"dcterms_title":["Southern Conference for Human Welfare"],"dcterms_type":null,"dcterms_provenance":["Encyclopedia of Alabama (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1593"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["All rights reserved. By downloading, printing, or otherwise using text, image, logo, audio and video files from this Web site, users agree that they will limit their use of such files for purposes permitted under the fair use doctrine and will not violate EOA's or any other party's proprietary rights. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of protected materials for noncommercial educational purposes. EOA content used for such purposes does not require express permission from EOA or the Alabama Humanities Foundation, which holds the copyrights for EOA content. All other uses require written permission from the Alabama Humanities Foundation.  Permission requests may be submitted by email to: editor@encyclopediaofalabama.org or by mail to: Encyclopedia of Alabama, Attn.: Permissions, R.B. Draughon Library, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact holding institution for information regarding use and copyright status."],"dcterms_medium":["articles","interactive resource"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"eoa_eoaa_h-1580","title":"Modern Civil Rights Movement in Alabama","collection_id":"eoa_eoaa","collection_title":"Encyclopedia of Alabama","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Dallas County, 32.32597, -87.10648","United States, Alabama, Dallas County, Selma, 32.40736, -87.0211","United States, Alabama, Lowndes County, 32.15475, -86.65011","United States, Alabama, Macon County, 32.38597, -85.69267","United States, Alabama, Macon County, Tuskegee, 32.42415, -85.69096","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, 32.22026, -86.20761","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997"],"dcterms_creator":["Jeffries, Hasan Kwame, 1973-"],"dc_date":["2008-06-17"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the modern civil rights movement in Alabama which began with a single act of civil disobedience by Rosa Parks in Montgomery in 1955. It began to fade from the public eye a decade later, following the formation of the original Black Panther Party in Lowndes County. During the intervening years, Alabama was the site of some of the most defining events of the civil rights era. These events transformed the state and profoundly changed America.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the Encyclopedia of Alabama."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--Alabama","Civil rights demonstrations--Alabama","African American civil rights workers--Alabama","Civil rights workers--Alabama","African Americans--Alabama","African Americans--Civil rights--Alabama","Civil rights--Alabama","African Americans--Segregation--Alabama","Segregation--Alabama","Race discrimination--Alabama","Alabama--Race relations--History--20th century","Race relations","Direct action--Alabama","Passive resistance--Alabama","Nonviolence--Alabama","Boycotts--Alabama","Buses--Alabama--Montgomery","Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery, Ala., 1955-1956","Montgomery Improvement Association","Black Panther Party","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","African American clergy--Alabama","Clergy--Alabama","African American lawyers--Alabama","Lawyers--Alabama","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","Governors--Alabama","Voter registration--Alabama--Tuskegee","Sit-ins--Alabama","Freedom Rides, 1961","African American college students--Alabama","College students--Alabama","Project C, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","Segregation in education--Alabama","Segregation in higher education--Alabama","School integration--Alabama","Selma to Montgomery Rights March (1965 : Selma, Ala.)","Judges--United States","Democratic Party (Alabama)","National Democratic Party of Alabama"],"dcterms_title":["Modern Civil Rights Movement in Alabama"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Encyclopedia of Alabama (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1580"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["All rights reserved. By downloading, printing, or otherwise using text, image, logo, audio and video files from this Web site, users agree that they will limit their use of such files for purposes permitted under the fair use doctrine and will not violate EOA's or any other party's proprietary rights. Fair use of copyrighted material includes the use of protected materials for noncommercial educational purposes. EOA content used for such purposes does not require express permission from EOA or the Alabama Humanities Foundation, which holds the copyrights for EOA content. All other uses require written permission from the Alabama Humanities Foundation.  Permission requests may be submitted by email to: editor@encyclopediaofalabama.org or by mail to: Encyclopedia of Alabama, Attn.: Permissions, R.B. 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