{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"aru_unequal_1768","title":"\"The Cross and The Flag: The Great Uncertainty\"","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1956-07"],"dcterms_description":["Anti-integration screed written by Gerald L.K. 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There are several letters addressing organizing issues and financial transactions. Alma Lupo Small and Alice N. Spearman also have some exchanges."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. 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For further information please contact South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["correspondence","postcards","documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":["1 folder"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_p17173coll43_2188","title":"South Carolina Council on Human Relations, Box 2, Folder 59, Administrative, General, 3 April 1956-14 April 1956","collection_id":"suc_p17173coll43","collection_title":"New insights in the American civil rights movement: South Carolina Council on Human Relations records","dcterms_contributor":["South Carolina Council on Human Relations"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, 34.00043, -81.00009"],"dcterms_creator":["South Carolina Council on Human Relations"],"dc_date":["1956-04-03/1956-04-14"],"dcterms_description":["Folder 59 contains the administrative records of the South Carolina Council on Human Relations, Southern Regional Council and correspondence between members, community leaders and the Council. Alice N. Spearman responds to many letters and sends out materials and reports and addresses some organizing issues."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. 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Report documenting the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People contributions to the community, as well as African American students dealing with their school boards, and their interrelations with caucasians in South Carolina throughout the month of April."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. South Caroliniana Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["James T. McCain Papers, 1957-1972","James T. McCain Papers, Box 01, Folder 18, South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina"],"dcterms_subject":["National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","African Americans--Civil rights"],"dcterms_title":["Report of James T. McCain for April 1956"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of South Carolina. 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For further information please contact South Caroliniana Library, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":["1 item","12 pages"],"dlg_subject_personal":["McCain, James T."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_p17173coll43_1931","title":"South Carolina Council on Human Relations, Box 2, Folder 58, Administrative, General, 16 March 1956-31 March 1956, March 1956","collection_id":"suc_p17173coll43","collection_title":"New insights in the American civil rights movement: South Carolina Council on Human Relations records","dcterms_contributor":["South Carolina Council on Human Relations"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, 34.00043, -81.00009"],"dcterms_creator":["South Carolina Council on Human Relations"],"dc_date":["1956-03-16/1956-03-31"],"dcterms_description":["Folder 58 contains the administrative records of the South Carolina Council on Human Relations, Southern Regional Council and correspondence between members, community leaders and the Council. Many of the letters provide information contacts and events for Alice N. Spearman across South Carolina and the Southeast. There are letters regarding civil rights events in the South, workshops, and concerns including fundraising."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. South Caroliniana Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["New Insights in the American Civil Rights Movement: South Carolina Council on Human Relations Records","South Carolina Council on Human Relations, Box 2, South Caroliniana Library"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Civil rights workers","African American civil rights workers","Civil rights--America","African Americans--Civil rights","South Carolina Council on Human Relations","South Carolina","Civil rights--South Carolina","Race relations","South Carolina--Race relations","Southern Regional Council"],"dcterms_title":["South Carolina Council on Human Relations, Box 2, Folder 58, Administrative, General, 16 March 1956-31 March 1956, March 1956"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of South Carolina. 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For further information please contact South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["correspondence","documents (object genre)","leaflets (printed works)","programs (documents)"],"dcterms_extent":["1 folder"],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1717","title":"Statement by Virgil Blossom Regarding Integration","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1956-03-14"],"dcterms_description":["Statement of Virgil Blossom regarding Daisy Bates and the integration of Central High School in 1957.","Integration -- Blacks -- African-Americans -- Education -- Little Rock Central High School -- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","March 14, 1956 STATEMENT OF VIRGIL BLOSSOM Mrs. Bates has been the official spokesman for the liberal group of the colored race through her position as State President of NAACP in every instance whether it has been official School Board meeting or whether it has been in a limited conference with me. She has been present at discussions involving NAACP leaders, Human Relations Committee leaders and Urban League leaders. She was present in the back of the room at Gibbs School when I, in a pre-school conference, told our plan of integration to the colored teachers of the Little Rock Public School System. In each instance she has been dissatisfied with the plan. She has tried to hurry integration at every opportunity . She has tried to bring about simultaneous integration from grades 1 to 12 in everything she has done. I have had a number of conferences with her trying to explain the unreasonableness of her requests. The only term I know to use is a number - I would say half a dozen, but I would not want to be pinned down. I have talked to her in the office here by herself. She has been present every time whether there has been a formal request of the School Board, whether it has been jus a small com- mittee, and she was present one time with an Interracial Committee of the Human Relations group when both colored and whites were there, and has, in each instance, seemed to be their chief spokesman. That has been true before the School Board. She says she is repre- senting NAACP and she is the State President. If they have a Secretary I do not know the name. The only two names I have heard are Mrs. Daisy Bates, who is the President of the Arkansas Chapter, and J.C. Crenshaw, 709 West 9th Street, who is the President of the Little Rock branch of NAACP. Crenshaw has been present at discussions with Mrs. Bates I had a meeting with a committee representative at their request representing the NAACP and the Human Relations group - that is the interacial group - that came in here one day and asked for an appointment to discuss the whole thing. The people who were present"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["University of Central Arkansas Archives and Special Collections, Richard C. Butler Papers (M 88-02)"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Statement by Virgil Blossom Regarding Integration"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1717"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Bates, Daisy","Crenshaw, J.C.","Darragh, Fred","Ashmore, Harry S.","Shropshire, Jackie L.","Williams, Thad"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1720","title":"Statement by Virgil Blossom Regarding Integration","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1956-03-14"],"dcterms_description":["Statement of Virgil Blossom regarding Daisy Bates and the integration of Central High School in 1957.","Integration -- Blacks -- African-Americans -- Education -- Little Rock Central High School -- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","- 4 - State Press, a negro paper. C.H. Jones is Editor of the Southern Mediator Journal, a competitor. She has called me a liar a half dozen times. [Jones Editorials favorable] Crenshaw always asked the question, \"Why can't you integrate now?\" He just says it can be done - You have so many kids and so many class rooms, etc. I have said \"Yes,\" physically, but prac- tically, \"No.\" They do not disagree with Mrs. Bates. The group which is around her is her own little liberal group and they think just like she does. This group wants us to integrate now. Fred Darragh, Harry Ashmore, Mrs. Ashmore - that is the Human Relations Group. (Ask why Little Rock lawyers not on Complaint and if, in fact, they do not disapprove of this proceeding.)"],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["University of Central Arkansas Archives and Special Collections, Richard C. Butler Papers (M 88-02)"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Statement by Virgil Blossom Regarding Integration"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.uark.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Civilrights/id/1720"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Please contact Special Collections for information on copyright."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Bates, Daisy","Crenshaw, J.C.","Darragh, Fred","Ashmore, Harry S.","Shropshire, Jackie L.","Williams, Thad"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"aru_unequal_1718","title":"Statement by Virgil Blossom Regarding Integration","collection_id":"aru_unequal","collection_title":"Land of (Unequal) Opportunity: Documenting the Civil Rights Struggle in Arkansas","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, 34.75037, -92.50044"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1956-03-14"],"dcterms_description":["Statement of Virgil Blossom regarding Daisy Bates and the integration of Central High School in 1957.","Integration -- Blacks -- African-Americans -- Education -- Little Rock Central High School -- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People -- Little Rock -- Pulaski","- 2 - were Mrs. Bates, J.C. Crenshaw, Harry Ashmore, Mrs. Ashmore, Fred Darragh, Jackie Shropshire and Thad Williams. The Secretary of the Human Relations Group was fired by Hendrix College after he became the Secretary of that Group. He is a white mn and ultra liberal. I would say that the meeting was held in July, 1955, at four o'clock in the afternoon and we staryed until after six o'clock. I explained the Plan, showed them the maps, went over it, and they sat there and questioned Mr. Ashmore as to whether he thought the lines were honestly drawn for creating the attendance areas. They want complete integration immediately. That is the only plan they have. NAACP has not been brought in and I have asked why they changed from the 1963 goal. They had a 1963 goal set up in Atlanta, Georgia. They published it, and Mrs. Bates had been to that meeting where the goal was set. They had athe meeting just prior to the meeting we are talking about. Mrs. Bates was just back from that meeting. I asked her about that and, as I recall, she didn't give me any satisfactory answer; that Little Rock was a situation of its own. That was published nationally as a result of this Atlanta convention. Mr. Ashmore said he could see nothing wrong with the lines. He didn't see how we could hurry this up, and he spent time wanting to talk to me about the Junior College in this particular meeting. I said, \"I have nothing to do with the Junior College,\" and he said it would be a fine gesture on the part of the School Board to integrate the Junior College since you are asking them to wait at the public school level, and I said, \"I cannot discuss that.\" Crenshaw says, \"Why can't you integrate right now?\" I have said psychological reasons, lack of facilities, lack of planning on student records, and it is an impossibility. They have demanded all grades at once."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Fayetteville, Ark. : University of Arkansas Libraries"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["University of Central Arkansas Archives and Special Collections, Richard C. Butler Papers (M 88-02)"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Arkansas","Civil rights--Arkansas","Race discrimination--Arkansas","Segregation--Arkansas"],"dcterms_title":["Statement by Virgil Blossom Regarding Integration"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. 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They turned to Shropshire and Williams and asked what their opinion was and their answer was almost verbatim that \"We don't like the Plan, but they can get more than the time they are asking.\" Mrs. Bates has personal hostility because I will not integrate immediately. I have been very frank with our teachers When we opened school the next hear I explained this Plan on the first day of our pre-school con- ference, the second or third of September, 1954. I took our lines - our Plan - and went over it with every member of the Little Rock public shool staff. The morning of that opening conference I explained it to the white teachers. That afternoon I went to the Gibbs School and explained it to the colored teachers and that is wher I think I incurred the wrath of Mrs. Bates. Mrs. Bates sat in the back of the room on an uninvited status, so Mrs. Bates from the State Press and Mr. Jones, the Editor of the Southern Mediator Journal, were both back there. When we got to the question of integration, I said, \"I am going to tell you the facts of life, waht you need to know, not what you want to hear me say. Some day there will be, in all likelihood, colored teachers teaching white children, but it is my opinion that that will not will come in your lifetime.\" This Plan is proposed as a method of meeting the law of integration in the schools and in doing this we think we are providing a plan that is humane to the colored teachres; that we will save more colored teachers with these Plan than under any other method. In that meeting after I had answer their question that there would be no integration of teachers, on at least three different occasions colored teachers asked the same question. I finally said, \"There is no FECP in the Supreme Court decision. Colored teachers will not be teaching white children,\" and that is when Mrs. Bates got mad at me at that meeting in September, 1954. All she did was take notes. 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