{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"fug_2","title":"Lillian Smith papers, 1915-1972","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966"],"dc_date":["1915/1972"],"dcterms_description":["Lillian Smith (1897-1966), author, lecturer, and human rights advocate, was born in Jasper County, Florida, and resided in Rabun County, Georgia. Her best known fiction piece was the controversial 1944 novel 'Strange Fruit'. The Lillian Smith Papers are arranged in two series of files. The first series includes manuscripts and proofs of several books, short writings, and biographical material. The second series is comprised of correspondence, business records, and manuscripts for the journal The South Today (formerly, The North Georgia Review, and Pseudopodia)."],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Women authors, American--Georgia","Authors--Correspondence","Georgia--Race relations","Race relations--United States","Civil rights movements--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["Lillian Smith papers, 1915-1972"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Florida. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://dlg.usg.edu/collection/fug_2"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as : Lillian Smith Papers, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["correspondence"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Smith, Lillian (Lillian Eugenia), 1897-1966"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"fcs_superintendents","title":"Superintendents","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1914/1969"],"dcterms_description":["This collection features documents, correspondence and publications produced by the Superintendents' office."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Fulton County (Ga.)--History","Education--Georgia--Fulton County","Public schools--Georgia--Fulton County","School employees--Georgia--Fulton County","African American schools--Georgia--Fulton County","Segregation in education--Georgia--Fulton County","Schools--Georgia--Fulton County"],"dcterms_title":["Superintendents"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Fulton County Schools Archive"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://fcsarchives.omeka.net/collections/show/3"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["annual reports","correspondence"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"abj_bplsb02","title":"The scrapbooks","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Birmingham Public Library (Ala.)"],"dc_date":["1913/1995"],"dcterms_description":["The Scrapbooks Collection is compiled of newspaper clippings covering different historical events in Alabama, Mississippi, and other states in the nation."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Birmingham, Ala. : Birmingham Public Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Civil Rights--United States","Birmingham (Ala.)--Politics and government","Birmingham (Ala.). City Commission","African Americans--Civil rights--Alabama","World War, 1939-1945--Alabama","African American","African Americans--Civil rights--Alabama--Birmingham","African Americans--Civil rights--Mississippi","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia","Mayors--Alabama--Birmingham","Municipal budgets--Alabama--Birmingham","School integration--Alabama--Birmingham","African American police--Alabama--Birmingham","African Americans--Civil Rights--Alabama--Montgomery","Legion Field (Birmingham, Ala.)","Prisoners of war--United States","United States Commission on Civil Rights","World War, 1939-1945--Casualties--Alabama","World War, 1939-1945--Medals","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners and prisons"],"dcterms_title":["The scrapbooks"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Birmingham Public Library (Ala.)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://cdm16044.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/BPLSB02"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This material may be protected under Title 17 of the U. S. Copyright Law which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research."],"dcterms_medium":["clippings (information artifacts)","newspaper clippings","scrapbooks"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Meredith, James, 1933-","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Wallace, George C. (George Corley), 1919-1998","Blaik, Earl H., 1897-1989","Boutwell, Albert Burton, 1904-1978","Connor, Eugene, 1897-1973","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Royall, Kenneth C. (Kenneth Claiborne), 1894-1971","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Hill, Lister, 1894-1984","Katzenbach, Nicholas deB. (Nicholas deBelleville), 1922-2012","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003","Patterson, John Malcolm, 1921-","Shores, Arthur Davis, 1904-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"csu_afro","title":"Black trailblazers, leaders, activists, and intellectuals in Cleveland","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Cleveland, 41.4995, -81.69541","United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Glenville, 41.53338, -81.61735","United States, Ohio, Cuyahoga County, Hough, 41.512, -81.63652"],"dcterms_creator":["Cleveland State University"],"dc_date":["1912/1990"],"dcterms_description":["Black Trailblazers, Leaders, Activists, and Intellectuals in Cleveland contains approximately 2000 images of 500 individuals selected from the photographs in the Cleveland Press Collection. The photographs in the collection generally date from the 1920s on, with most of them from 1960 to 1982 and are arranged alphabetically by the individual's last name. To be included inthe collection, an individual had to be either born or raised in the greater Cleveland area or have lived a significant part of his/her life in the region. These individuals for the most part have all made a significant contribution beyond their own personal and family life to the history and development of Cleveland, and though some of them are famous, most have touched the lives of many others in relative anonymity."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/","http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Political activists","Civil Rights","Cleveland (Ohio)"],"dcterms_title":["Black trailblazers, leaders, activists, and intellectuals in Cleveland"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Michael Schwartz Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://clevelandmemory.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/afro"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["http://www.clevelandmemory.org/copyright/"],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","color photographs","photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Dillard, Harrison, 1923-2019","Stokes, Carl","Walker, William Otis, 1897-1981","Owens, Jesse, 1913-1980","Morgan, Garrett A., 1877-1963","Brown, Virgil E.","Capers, Jean Murrell, 1913-","Stokes, Louis, 1925-2015","Burten, Lonnie L., Jr., 1944-1984","Forbes, George L., 1931-","Bell, James H.","White, Michael","Pinkney, Arnold R.","Barnes, John E., 1933-","Jackson, Perry B., 1896-1986","Boyd, James H.","Findley, Ralph W., 1907-","Harper, Sara J., 1927-","Austin, Sarah Short","Clement, Kenneth W., 1920-1974","Ellison, Nolen M.","Wright, Alonzo, 1914-1991"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"lmu_llgaines","title":"Lloyd L. Gaines collection","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, District of Columbia, Washington, 38.89511, -77.03637","United States, Missouri, Boone County, 38.99062, -92.30968","United States, Missouri, Boone County, Columbia, 38.95171, -92.33407","United States, Missouri, Cole County, 38.50541, -92.2816","United States, Missouri, Cole County, Jefferson City, 38.5767, -92.17352"],"dcterms_creator":["Gaines, Lloyd Lionel"],"dc_date":["1911/2006"],"dcterms_description":["Lloyd Lionel Gaines was born to the Gaines family in northern Mississippi in 1911. One of eleven children, seven of whom survived illness and accident, he moved with his widowed mother and siblings to St. Louis after the premature death of their father. They found a better, although not easy, life for themselves in Missouri. Gaines excelled in his studies graduating as valedictorian in 1931 from Vashon High School. At Lincoln University in Jefferson City, he graduated with honors and was President of the senior class, while participating in many extra-curricular activities and working to pay for his schooling.","Despite his outstanding scholastic record, the University of Missouri School of Law denied Gaines admittance in 1936 solely on the grounds that Missouri's Constitution called for \"separate education of the races.\" By state law, Missouri would have been required to pay for Gaines to attend the Universities in Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska, but Gaines was determined to fight for the right to attend law school in his own state university. He sought legal assistance from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which had been working systematically to overturn the ignominious precedent of \"separate but equal\" established in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. Together, they challenged the University of Missouri's admissions policies. In 1938, Gaines won his case before the United States Supreme Court in State of Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada, paving the way for a series of cases that would lead to Brown v. Board of Education's outlawing segregation in public education. In March 1939, only three months after his Supreme Court victory, Lloyd Gaines was last seen in Chicago. He disappeared at age 28 with his promise of attending law school in Missouri unfilfilled. Lloyd Gaines was never to be seen or heard from again.","This project seeks to illuminate Lloyd Gaines' life, document his pioneering pursuit of true equal rights to legal education, and memorialize the long overdue, posthumous recognition of his personal sacrifice in the advancement of civil rights. By gathering together primary and secondary source materials pertinent to his life and his case, we hope to tell more of Lloyd Gaines' story to the world. The University of Missouri Law Library is pleased to make these resources freely available for scholars, researchers and others to advance their knowledge and understanding of the struggle for civil rights in Missouri in the early twentieth century.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the University of Missouri Digital Library."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Missouri","African Americans--Civil rights--Missouri","Civil rights--Missouri","African American college students--Missouri","College students--Missouri","African American law students--Missouri","Law students--Missouri","University of Missouri. School of Law--Trials, litigation, etc.","Law schools--Missouri","Segregation in higher education--Missouri","Discrimination in higher education--Missouri","African American law students--Civil rights--Missouri","United States. Supreme Court"],"dcterms_title":["Lloyd L. Gaines collection"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Missouri--Columbia. School of Law. Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/gaines/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["letters (correspondence)","correspondence","black-and-white photographs","legal documents","constitutions","legislative records"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Gaines, Lloyd Lionel","Gaines, Lloyd Lionel--Trials, litigation, etc.","Gaines, Lloyd Lionel--Family"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"auu_gthamilton","title":"Grace Towns Hamilton papers","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1910/1984"],"dcterms_description":["Grace Towns Hamilton (1907-1992) was a civic leader and Georgia General Assembly member. She is known as the first African American woman elected to the Georgia General Assembly. She represented the Vine City area of Atlanta in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1965 to 1984. Maps in the collection span from 1960 to 1981 with the bulk of the material from 1963 to 1975. They consist of Atlanta Neighborhoods, Atlanta Congressional Districts, Georgia counties, and election precincts of Fulton County, GA. Images in the collection span from 1910 to 1984 with the majority of materials from 1910 to 1930. They consist of Hamilton’s family, childhood, and individual portraits."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["African American families","African Americans--Education","African Americans--Politics and government","African American women","African American women politicians"],"dcterms_title":["Grace Towns Hamilton papers"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://radar.auctr.edu/islandora/object/auc.152%3A9999"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["All works in this collection either are protected by copyright or are the property of the Robert W. Woodruff Library, and/or the copyright holder as appropriate. To order a reproduction or to inquire about permission to publish, please contact the Archives Research Center at: archives@auctr.edu with the web URL or handle identification number."],"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs","maps (documents)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Hamilton, Grace Towns, 1907-1992"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"xhs_mcjw","title":"Madam C.J. Walker","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Indiana, Marion County, Indianapolis, 39.76838, -86.15804"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1910/1998"],"dcterms_description":["Madam C. J. Walker was a self-made businesswoman who became a national figure and philanthropist. In 1910, she moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, setting up a factory and beauty school. The collection contains the personal and business papers of Madam Walker, A'Lelia Walker, Freeman B. Ransom, and others who worked for the company, records relating to operations and the beauty schools and agents, and materials from businesses located in the Walker Building in Indianapolis. This digital collection is a sample of the materials found in the collection.","This project was supported by a Digitizing Hidden Collections grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR). The grant program is made possible by funding from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Madam C.J. Walker Supplemental Collection, Indiana Historical Society","Madam C.J. Walker Collection, Indiana Historical Society."],"dcterms_subject":["Madam C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company","Cosmetics industry--Indiana","African American businesspeople--Indiana","African American philanthropists--Indiana","African American women--Indiana"],"dcterms_title":["Madam C.J. Walker"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Indiana Historical Society"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://images.indianahistory.org/digital/collection/m0399"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This collection materials may be printed or downloaded by individuals, schools or libraries for study, research or classroom teaching without permission. For other uses contact: mailto:visualcollections@indianahistory.org. Use must be accompanied with the attribution:  [collection name], Indiana Historical Society."],"dcterms_medium":["photographs","business records"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Walker, C. J., Madam, 1867-1919"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"gsu_skennedy","title":"Stetson Kenney papers","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Kennedy, Stetson"],"dc_date":["1910/1999"],"dcterms_description":["Stetson Kennedy (1916-2011) was an author, folklorist, environmentalist, labor activist, and human rights advocate known for his infiltration of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1940s. He authored eight books, including Palmetto Country, Southern Exposure, and The Klan Unmasked. He became one of the country's pioneering folklorists while working for the WPA Florida Writers' Project, and at the age of 21, was put in charge of folklore, oral history, and ethnic studies. After World War II, Kennedy infiltrated the Ku Klux Klan and exposed their secrets, helping Georgia authorities revoke the Klan's corporate charter. He also supplied Klan secrets to the writers of the Superman radio program which resulted in a series of four episodes in which Superman battled the KKK. In addition to his passion for folklore, Kennedy counted as close friends famous writers and musicians, including Erskine Caldwell, Jean Paul Sartre and Woody Guthrie. Until the very last days of his life, Kennedy continued to champion the causes that drove his decades of activism. His advice to young people was always to \"pick a cause and stick to it.\" Kennedy's legacy lives on through his writings, Beluthahatchee Park, and the remarkable impact he made on all those who knew him.","Georgia State University Library's Southern Labor Archives' digitized collection of Stetson Kennedy papers reflect his life and work, particularly in the areas of labor and civil rights."],"dc_format":["image/jp2"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["L1979-37_1523_116, Stetson Kennedy Papers, L1979-37, Southern Labor Archives. Special Collections and Archives, Georgia State University, Atlanta."],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Ku Klux Klan (1915- )--History--Sources","Civil rights--United States--History--20th century--Sources"],"dcterms_title":["Stetson Kenney papers"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Georgia State University. Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/cdm/search/collection/SKennedy"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["manuscripts (documents)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Kennedy, Stetson--Archives"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ndd_esgms","title":"Asa and Elna Spaulding papers, 1909-1997 and undated, bulk 1935-1983","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, North Carolina, Durham County, Durham, 35.99403, -78.89862"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1909/1997"],"dcterms_description":["The Asa and Elna Spaulding Papers, 1909-1997 and undated, bulk 1935-1983, document an African American family's lifelong involvement in the business, political, educational, religious, and social life of Durham, N.C. The Spauldings were active in a broad range of political bodies, businesses, civic groups, and activist organizations, including among many others the Durham County Board of Commissioners and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and were among the co-founders of Women-in-Action for the Prevention of Violence and Its Causes, Inc. Their long record of accomplishment in the areas of employment, political representation, civil rights, race relations, and women's rights is documented by the collection's rich variety of correspondence, writings and speeches, printed materials, clippings,photographs, audiovisual items, and memorabilia."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Life Insurance Association of America","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","National Insurance Association (U.S.)","National Urban League","North Carolina Central University","North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company--History--Sources","Omega Psi Phi Fraternity","Shaw University","Unesco--India","White Rock Baptist Church (Durham, N.C.)","African American business enterprises--Management","African American business enterprises--North Carolina","African American business enterprises--History--20th century","African American churches--North Carolina--History","African American executives--Autobiography","African Americans--Civil rights--North Carolina","Civil rights--North Carolina","Durham (N.C.)--History--20th century","Durham (N.C.)--Politics and government","Race relations","Durham (N.C.)--Race relations","Insurance companies, American--North Carolina","Insurance, Life--United States--History--20th century","Durham County (N.C.). Board of Commissioners","Lincoln Community Health Center (Durham, N.C.)","Women-in-Action for the Prevention of Violence and Its Causes, Inc. Durham Chapter (Durham, N.C.)","African American women--North Carolina--Durham","African American women--Political activity","African American women--History--20th century","Political campaigns--North Carolina","Women--Employment--United States","Women county council members--North Carolina--Durham"],"dcterms_title":["Asa and Elna Spaulding papers, 1909-1997 and undated, bulk 1935-1983"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/spauldingasaelna/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["personal papers"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Spaulding, Asa T. (Asa Timothy), 1902-1990","Spaulding, Elna B. (Elna Bridgeforth)"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_mmsimkins","title":"Modjeska Monteith Simkins Papers, 1909-1992","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":null,"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1909/1992"],"dcterms_description":["Activist Modjeska Simkins of Columbia, S.C. served as the South Carolina State Secretary for the NAACP, 1941-1957; as Campaign Director for the renovation of Good Samaritan-Waverly Hospital, 1944-1950; as Public Relations Director for the Richland County Citizens Committee, 1956-1988; and as President of the Southern Conference Educational Fund, 1972-1974. She also helped found, in 1921, the Victory Savings Bank of Columbia. As a voice of African-American leadership in the South, Simkins was a political force. Her papers are held by the University of South Carolina Libraries' South Carolina Political Collections, and consist of 6.25 linear feet of material."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/","http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--South Carolina","Good Samaritan Waverly Hospital (Columbia, S.C.)","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Richland County Citizens' Committee (Richland County, S.C.)","American Civil Liberties Union","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"dcterms_title":["Modjeska Monteith Simkins Papers, 1909-1992"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["South Caroliniana Library","University of South Carolina. 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