{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"dde_littlerock","title":"Civil rights-- Little Rock school integration","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1957/1958"],"dcterms_description":["This online collection contains a telegram from President Eisenhower to Governor Orval Faubus calling for the peaceful integration of Central High School; a telegram from Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus stating his travel arrangements to meet President Eisenhower for a conference at his vacation headquarters in Rhode Island; a press release stating Governor Faubus' intention of cooperating with the integration of Central High School after his conference with President Eisenhower; a diary entry concerning the September 14, 1957 meeting between President Eisenhower and Governor Faubus in Newport, Rhode Island;  a press release statement by President Eisenhower discussing the major events occurring in the City of Little Rock on September 20, 1957; a telegram to President Eisenhower from Woodrow Wilson Mann, Major of Little Rock describing the mob activity at Central High School on September 23, 1957; an Obstruction of Justice Proclamation from President Eisenhower ordering those hindering the integration of Central High to cease and desist; a Proclamation providing for the Removal of an Obstruction of Justice within the State of Arkansas, September 24, 1957; a telegram from Woodrow Wilson Mann to President Eisenhower pleading for federal troops to restore order and complete the integration process in Arkansas; a letter from President Eisenhower to General Alfred Gruenther; handwritten notes by President Eisenhower on decision to send troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, September 1957; a press release, containing speech on radio and television by President Eisenhower, September 24, 1957; an undated draft of speech on Little Rock; a summary of telephone conversations between President Eisenhower and Attorney General Herbert Brownell, Jr. on September 24, 1957 after the Obstruction of Justice Proclamation was issued; a summary of telephone calls made by President Eisenhower on September 25, 1957; a telegram from Congressman Oren Harris of Arkansas to President Eisenhower protesting the ordering of federal troops to enforce school integration; a letter from  President Eisenhower to Congressman Oren Harris, September 30, 1957; a telegram from Georgia Senator Richard B. Russell to President Eisenhower condemning the use of federal troops to mix the races in public schools in Little Rock; a letter from President Eisenhower to Senator Russell, September 27, 1957; a telegram from the parents of the nine African-American students to President Eisenhower, October 1, 1957; a letter from President Eisenhower to Mr. W.B. Brown, father of one of the Little Rock Nine on October 4, 1957 [identical letter sent to each set of parents]; a telegram from Senator John Stennis, Mississippi to President Eisenhower, October 1, 1957 deploring forced integration of public schools; a letter from President Eisenhower to Senator Stennis, October 7, 1957; a letter from J. Lee Rankin, U.S. Solicitor General, to Sherman Adams, Assistant to the President, concerning list of Court orders and plans for school desegregation, October 28, 1957; undated attachments to Rankin letter listing court orders and plans for school desegregation; several situation reports between December 17, 1957 and March 10, 1958 regarding Central High?s adjustment after integration; a letter from Jackie Robinson to President Eisenhower, May 13, 1958; and a letter from President Eisenhower to Jackie Robinson, June 4, 1958.","\"On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education that segregated schools are \"inherently unequal.\"  In September 1957, as a result of that ruling, nine African-American students enrolled at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The ensuing struggle between segregationists and integrationists, the State of Arkansas and the federal government, President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus has become known in modern American history as the \"Little Rock Crisis.\" The crisis gained attention world-wide. When Governor Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to surround Central High School to keep the nine students from entering the school, President Eisenhower ordered the 101st Airborne Division into Little Rock to insure the safety of the \"Little Rock Nine\" and that the rulings of the Supreme Court were upheld. The manuscript holdings of the Eisenhower Library contain a large amount of documentation on this historic test of the Brown vs. Topeka ruling and school integration.\"--Eisenhower Library Web page.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["System requirements: Adobe Acrobat reader."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Segregation in education--Law and legislation--United States","Discrimination in education--Law and legislation--United States","African Americans--Civil rights--United States","Segregation--Southern States","Obstruction of justice--Arkansas--Little Rock","Federal-state controversies--Arkansas--Little Rock","Intervention (Federal government)","Executive orders","Federal-city relations--United States","Government, Resistance to--Arkansas--Little Rock","Arkansas--Politics and government--1951-","African Americans--Government policy","United States--Politics and government--1953-1961","Civil rights movement--United States","High school students--Political activity","Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","Mobs--Arkansas--Little Rock","Race riots--Arkansas--Little Rock","School integration--Massive resistance movement"],"dcterms_title":["Civil rights-- Little Rock school integration"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Dwight D. Eisenhower Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/research/online-documents/civil-rights-little-rock-school-integration-crisis"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["texts (document genres)","press releases","diaries","telegrams","letters (correspondence)","transcripts","reports"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Faubus, Orval Eugene, 1910-1994","Mann, Woodrow Wilson, 1916-2002","Gruenther, Alfred M. (Alfred Maximilian), 1899-1983","Harris, Oren, 1903-","Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971","Brown, W. B.","Stennis, John C. (John Cornelius), 1901-1995","Robinson, Jackie, 1919-1972","Brownell, Herbert, Jr., 1904-1996","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969--Correspondence","Faubus, Orval Eugene, 1910-1994--Correspondence","Mann, Woodrow Wilson, 1916-2002--Correspondence","Gruenther, Alfred M. (Alfred Maximilian), 1899-1983--Correspondence","Harris, Oren, 1903- --Correspondence","Russell, Richard B. (Richard Brevard), 1897-1971--Correspondence","Brown, W. B.--Correspondence","Stennis, John C. (John Cornelius), 1901-1995--Correspondence","Robinson, Jackie, 1919-1972--Correspondence"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"dde_eisenhowercivilrightsfiles","title":"Civil rights-- Eisenhower \u0026 the Eisenhower administration","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1955/1960"],"dcterms_description":["This online collection includes Attorney General Herbert Brownell, Jr.'s cabinet paper summarizing the various steps taken by the Eisenhower administration to end racial segregation and discrimination in education, transportation, and hospitals; a press release praising the administration's contributions towards civil rights released by Val J. Washington, the Republican National Committee Director of Minorities; a memo from E. Frederic Morrow, Eisenhower's Administrative Officer for Special Projects and an African American, to Chief-of-Staff Sherman Adams regarding the repeated requests of African American leaders seeking to meet with President Eisenhower about race relations in the United States; a twenty-five page paper presenting contextual information about the origins of racial tension in the U.S.; correspondence between President Eisenhower and Rev. Billy Graham about methods by which ministers could promote progress and understanding of race relations; a letter from the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, J. Edgar Hoover to William H. Jackson, the Special Assistant to President Eisenhower about the monograph \"The Communist Party and the Negro from 1953-1956\"; a letter from Representative Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. urging President Eisenhower to make a statement in support of racial harmony in the South; a memo from Cabinet Secretary Maxwell Rabb to Sherman Adams regarding the proposed May 17, 1957 march at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.; a memo from E. Frederic Morrow to Sherman Adams addressing a meeting between African American leaders and President Eisenhower; a memo from Maxwell Rabb to Sherman Adams discussing the meeting of Dr. Martin Luther King and Reverend Ralph D. Abernathy and Vice President Richard M. Nixon on June 13, 1957; a memo from Maxwell Rabb to Sherman Adams discussing when and which African American leaders would meet with President Eisenhower; a memo detailing the recommendations reached after the meeting with African American leaders on June 23, 1958; a letter from NAACP Executive Director Roy Wilkins to President Eisenhower expressing gratitude for holding meeting with leaders; a memo from Rocco Siciliano, the Special Assistant to President Eisenhower declaring the meeting \"an unqualified success;\" and a memo prepared by E. Frederic Morrow entitled \"Student Protest Movement in the South, March 7, 1960\" which discusses the sit-in protest of four freshman from North Carolina A\u0026T College on February 1, 1960 at a Woolworth store in Greensboro, N.C.","\"The 1950s were a significant time period in the history of civil rights in this country.  The Eisenhower Administration worked quietly on this front.  The following documents include official government reports on civil rights, as well as President Eisenhower's personal views on this issue.\"--Eisenhower Library Web site.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["System requirements: Adobe Acrobat reader."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Segregation in education--Law and legislation--United States","Segregation in transportation--Law and legislation--United States","Discrimination in education--Law and legislation--United States","African Americans--Civil rights--United States","Discrimination in medical care--United States","Sit-ins--North Carolina--Greensboro","Direct action--Southern States","African Americans--Government policy","United States--Politics and government--1953-1961","Church and state--United States","African American civil rights workers--United States","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Civil rights movement--United States","Student movements--North Carolina--Greensboro","Protest marches--Washington (D.C.)","Communism--United States","Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina--Students","United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation","Meetings"],"dcterms_title":["Civil rights-- Eisenhower \u0026 the Eisenhower administration"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Dwight D. Eisenhower Library"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/research/online-documents/civil-rights-president-eisenhower-and-eisenhower-administration"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["texts (document genres)","letters (correspondence)","memorandums","reports"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Brownell, Herbert, Jr., 1904-1996","Washington, Val J., 1903-1995","Morrow, E. Frederic (Everett Frederic), 1909- ","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986","Graham, Billy, 1918-2018","Hoover, J. Edgar (John Edgar), 1895-1972","Powell, Adam Clayton, 1908-1972","Rabb, Maxwell M., 1910- ","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Wilkins, Roy, 1901-1981","Siciliano, Rocco C.","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969--Correspondence","Brownell, Herbert, Jr., 1904-1996--Correspondence","Washington, Val J., 1903-1995--Correspondence","Morrow, E. Frederic (Everett Frederic), 1909- --Correspondence","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986--Correspondence","Graham, Billy, 1918-2018--Correspondence","Hoover, J. Edgar (John Edgar), 1895-1972--Correspondence","Powell, Adam Clayton, 1908-1972--Correspondence","Rabb, Maxwell M., 1910- --Correspondence","Wilkins, Roy, 1901-1981--Correspondence","Siciliano, Rocco C.--Correspondence"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null}],"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":12,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true},"facets":[{"name":"subject_facet","items":[{"value":"African Americans--Civil rights--United States","hits":2},{"value":"African Americans--Government policy","hits":2},{"value":"Civil rights movement--United States","hits":2},{"value":"Discrimination in education--Law and legislation--United States","hits":2},{"value":"Segregation in education--Law and legislation--United States","hits":2},{"value":"United States--Politics and government--1953-1961","hits":2},{"value":"African American civil rights workers--United States","hits":1},{"value":"Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina--Students","hits":1},{"value":"Arkansas--Politics and government--1951-","hits":1},{"value":"Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)","hits":1},{"value":"Church and state--United States","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"location_facet","items":[{"value":"United States, 39.76, -98.5","hits":1},{"value":"United States, Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, 34.74648, -92.28959","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"us_states_facet","items":[{"value":"Arkansas","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"year_facet","items":[{"value":"1957","hits":2},{"value":"1958","hits":2},{"value":"1955","hits":1},{"value":"1956","hits":1},{"value":"1959","hits":1},{"value":"1960","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":100,"offset":0,"prefix":null},"min":"1955","max":"1960","count":8,"missing":0},{"name":"medium_facet","items":[{"value":"letters (correspondence)","hits":2},{"value":"reports","hits":2},{"value":"texts (document genres)","hits":2},{"value":"diaries","hits":1},{"value":"memorandums","hits":1},{"value":"press releases","hits":1},{"value":"telegrams","hits":1},{"value":"transcripts","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"type_facet","items":[{"value":"Text","hits":2}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"rights_facet","items":[{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/","hits":1},{"value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/","hits":1}],"options":{"sort":"count","limit":11,"offset":0,"prefix":null}},{"name":"provenance_facet","items":[{"value":"Dwight D. 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