{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"txh_wims","title":"Wednesdays in Mississippi : Civil rights as women's work : Breaking down barriers and mobilizing women, an exhibit Website","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5","United States, Illinois, 40.00032, -89.25037","United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036","United States, New York, 43.00035, -75.4999","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2006/2020"],"dcterms_description":["Wednesdays in Missisisppi is an online exhibit documenting the 1964 and 1965 program which brought Northern women into Mississippi to work with Freedom Summer and the Freedom Schools. Interracial and interfaith teams traveled to Mississippi on Tuesdays and returned on Thursdays. The program was organized by Dorothy Height and Polly Cowan under the umbrella of the National Council of Negro Women with the assistance of Susie Goodwillie and Doris Wilson. The exhibit includes newspaper articles, black-and-white photographs, pamphlets, biographies, interviews, letters, and a summary of experiences written by Polly Cowan after the first summer. The exhibit also includes a glossary listing and defining individuals, places, organziations, and terms used in the exhibit. In addition to describing and documenting race relations in the Northern states of New York and Illinois during the 1960s.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["National Council of Negro Women","Civil rights workers--Mississippi","Women civil rights workers--Mississippi","Women social reformers--Mississippi","Civil rights workers--United States","Women civil rights workers--United States","Women social reformers--United States","Segregation--Mississippi","Mississippi--Race relations--History--20th century","Race relations","Race discrimination--Mississippi","United States--Race relations--History--20th century","Southern States--Race relations--History--20th century","Segregation--Southern States","Race discrimination--Southern States","Race discrimination--United States","Racism--Mississippi","Racism--Southern States","Racism--United States","Discrimination in housing--United States","Discrimination in housing--Illinois","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Mississippi","African Americans--Violence against--Mississippi","School integration--United States","School integration--New York (State)--New York"],"dcterms_title":["Wednesdays in Mississippi : Civil rights as women's work : Breaking down barriers and mobilizing women, an exhibit Website"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Houston"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://classweb.uh.edu/wims/"],"dcterms_temporal":["1964/1965"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["letters (correspondence)","articles","black-and-white photographs","pamphlets","reports","online exhibitions"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Height, Dorothy I. (Dorothy Irene), 1912-","Goodwillie, Susan, 1941-","Cowan, Polly, 1913-1976","Wilson, Doris, 1920-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"tnmpl_aframmemphis","title":"African-American life in Memphis, Tenn.","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, 32.22026, -86.20761","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997","United States, Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, 35.14953, -90.04898"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1965"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Volunteer Voices (Project)"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["African-American Life in Memphis, Tenn., Memphis Public Library, Memphis, Tennessee"],"dcterms_subject":["Selma-Montgomery Rights March, 1965","Civil rights movement--Alabama--Montgomery","Civil rights workers--Tennessee--Memphis","African American civil rights workers--Tennessee--Memphis","Civil rights demonstrations--Alabama--Montgomery","Protest marches--Alabama--Montgomery","Violence--Alabama","Race relations","Alabama--Race relations","Soldiers--Alabama","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Lorraine Motel (Memphis, Tenn.)"],"dcterms_title":["African-American life in Memphis, Tenn."],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Memphis Public Library. Memphis and Shelby County Room"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://memphislibrary.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p13039coll1/id/0"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Permission to reproduce or publish this item is required and may be subject to copyright or other legal restrictions imposed by parties outside of the Library. Please contact the History Department of the Memphis Public Library \u0026 Information Center at 901.415.2742 or hisref@memphislibrary.org to request permission. Any image from the library's collection published in any form must cite as the source: Memphis and Shelby County Room, Memphis Public Library \u0026 Information Center."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["letters (correspondence)","pamphlets"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"tnmpl_eorgill","title":"Edmund Orgill papers","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, 32.22026, -86.20761","United States, Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery, 32.36681, -86.29997","United States, Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, 35.14953, -90.04898"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1965"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Volunteer Voices (Project)"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Edmund Orgill papers, Tenn., Memphis Public Library, Memphis, Tennessee"],"dcterms_subject":null,"dcterms_title":["Edmund Orgill papers"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Memphis Public Library. Memphis and Shelby County Room"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://cdm16108.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p13039coll1/id/131"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Permission to reproduce or publish this item is required and may be subject to copyright or other legal restrictions imposed by parties outside of the Library. Please contact the History Department of the Memphis Public Library \u0026 Information Center at 901.415.2742 or hisref@memphislibrary.org to request permission. Any image from the library's collection published in any form must cite as the source: Memphis and Shelby County Room, Memphis Public Library \u0026 Information Center."],"dcterms_medium":["letters (correspondence)","pamphlets"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"wau_protests","title":"Vietnam War era ephemera collection","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":["University of Washington. Libraries. Digital Initiatives","University of Washington. Libraries"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Washington, King County, Seattle, 47.60621, -122.33207"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1960/1979"],"dcterms_description":["\"The text are selections from Vietnam War era ephemera collection of printed ephemera including pamphlets, posters, manifestos, newsletters, booklets, and open letters created by the various Seattle-area and University of Washington manifestations of American civil rights and protest movements of the late 1960's and 1970's. The material centers mainly around the Vietnam War, but includes much about feminism, racism, socialism, labor unions and the rights of farm workers, gay rights, environmental and economic boycotts of large corporations and agro-industry, prisoners' rights, and the Iranian revolution of 1979.\""],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements--Washington (State)-- Seattle","Civil rights--Washington (State)--Seattle","Student movements--Washington (State)--Seattle","Civil disobedience--Washington (State)--Seattle","Gay liberation movement--Washington (State)--Seattle","Feminism--Washington (State)--Seattle","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Posters"],"dcterms_title":["Vietnam War era ephemera collection"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Washington. Libraries. Special Collections Division"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://content.lib.washington.edu/protestsweb/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["pamphlets","posters"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"tnum_edalstrom","title":"Edwin Dalstrom papers","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis, 35.14953, -90.04898"],"dcterms_creator":["Dalstrom, Edwin, 1886-1974"],"dc_date":["1958/1959"],"dcterms_description":["Correspondence and pamphlet of Edwin Dalstrom, Memphis Urban League chair in 1958. The letters express concerns about integration. Also included is a pamphlet from the States' Rights Action in Memphis, Tennessee, protesting integration and asserting connections between the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and communism.","The University of Tennessee Libraries (Knoxville, Tennessee) is the digital publisher."],"dc_format":null,"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Edwin Dalstrom papers, University of Memphis Special Collections, Memphis, Tennessee"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Volunteer Voices (Project)"],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans--Segregation--Tennessee--Memphis","African Americans--Tennessee--Memphis","Church and social problems--United States","Civic leaders--Tennessee--Memphis","Discrimination in housing--Tennessee--Memphis","Memphis (Tenn.)--Race relations","Memphis Urban League (Memphis, Tenn.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Race discrimination--Tennessee--Memphis","Race relations","Race relations--Religious aspects","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","School integration--Tennessee--Memphis","Segregation in education--Tennessee--Memphis","Segregation--Tennessee--Memphis","States' rights (American politics)","White supremacy movements--Tennessee--Memphis"],"dcterms_title":["Edwin Dalstrom papers"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["University of Memphis. Libraries. Special Collections Department"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://digital.lib.utk.edu/collections/islandora/search?type=dismax\u0026f%5B0%5D=utk_mods_geo_ms%3AShelby%5C%20County%5C%20%5C%28Tenn.%5C%29%5C%20%5C%2835.20000N%2C%5C%2089.86667W%5C%29\u0026f%5B1%5D=utk_mods_relatedItem_titleInfo_title_ms%3A%22Edwin%5C%20Dalstrom%5C%20Papers%22\u0026islandora_solr_search_navigation=0"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["letters (correspondence)","pamphlets"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Dalstrom, Edwin, 1886-1974--Archives"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"mus_sovcom","title":"Sovereignty commission online","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036"],"dcterms_creator":["Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission"],"dc_date":["1956/1973"],"dcterms_description":["Series 2515: Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records, 1994-2006 comprises the digitized records of the defunct Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission, which functioned as the state's official counter civil rights agency from 1956-1973. The collection consists of approximately 133,000 pages of material, which were processed and scanned by the Mississippi Department of Archives and History (MDAH) in accordance with American Civil Liberties Union v. Fordice, 969 F.Supp. 403 (S.D.Miss.1994) and the 913 photographs interspersed in the files were generated and received by the Commission as part of its investigative and public relations functions. ","The original records were filed according to a thirteen (13) category classification system devised by Commission investigators. When the records were digitized by MDAH to meet the court's specifications, each item was assigned a unique number that was derived from the original filing system. However, due to the existence of some unclassified originals and rebuttal accretions, the archivists added additional classification numbers. The digitized collection comprises the scanned originals with court-approved redactions requested by individuals named in the records along with additional information submitted by individuals named in the records who chose to file a rebuttal. The digital collection also includes the court-specified personal name index and links between rebuttal records and Commission records in which rebuttal submitters are mentioned.","The bulk of the originals were paper, including investigative reports, correspondence, speeches and a large amount of published material. Investigative reports concerned requested inquiries into specific incidents, individuals or organizations or consist of an overview of several communities or counties visited by Commission investigators. Copies of whole reports or individual pages would often be filed in different folders and classifications. As a result there is considerable duplication of material in the files. Incoming and outgoing correspondence was associated with all the myriad functions of the Commission, including investigations, public relations, dissemination of pro-segregation and states' rights propaganda, requests from communities on how to handle various situations as well as the routine administration of the agency. The Commission acted as a clearinghouse for information about segregation and civil rights activities and legislation from around the nation. In doing so they collected published material such as newspapers, magazine and journal articles, pamphlets and numerous issues of the Congressional Record. For each Mississippi county they also compiled a publicity file primarily of newspaper clippings, which focused on race related topics. The records also include many drafts and final copies of articles funneled to local newspapers and speeches prepared for government officials or for delivery by Commission staff or its Speakers Bureau. The Commission's administrative files include minutes, personnel records, interoffice/agency memoranda and correspondence. Also included are financial records, which not only document mundane agency expenses but can be used to track investigative activities and payments of non-Commission investigators and informants.","The actual photographer is often not indicated on the either the photograph itself or in associated documents. While investigative reports sometimes mention that attached photographs were taken by the investigator, it is clear that the Commission did not take the majority of the photographs in the collection. The bulk of the photographs are 1961 freedom rider police mug shots supplied by the Jackson Police Department. JPD also provided the Commission with mug shots of arrested sit-in participants as well as photographs of Jackson marches and demonstrations. Police departments in other Mississippi communities and states also sent the Commission arrest photographs/mug shots and demonstration photographs. Associated documentation suggests that the Berkeley California Free Speech and Jo Freeman photographs were provided by paid informant Edgar Downing. However, it is not clear whether Downing took all the photographs in the envelope of pictures attributed to him. Associated documentation also suggests that Informant \"X\" took the photographs of volunteers at what appears to be the Oxford, Ohio Council of Federated Organizations orientation of 1964. Some of the publicity photographs are stamped with the name of a photographer or studio but mostly the origin is not indicated. The collection also includes a small number of photographs of original documents. These are varied and include items such as: checks, memos, correspondence and minutes from the Southern Christian Education Fund and activists Carl and Anne Braden; Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Congress of Racial Equality correspondence; checks from the Southern Christian Leadership Council bearing the endorsement of Martin Luther King Jr.; and a letter from J.B. Stoner, Atlanta Georgia Grand Wizard KKK to Elijah Muhammad.","In 2006 a new photograph search option was added to the existing online collection. This new function utilized re-scans of the un-redacted original photographs, which were individually described and linked back to their initial scan and salient documentation. To differentiate these new scans from the original images the code \"ph\" was appended to the Sovereignty Commission identification number.","The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata."],"dc_format":["image/tiff"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Series 2515 : Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records Online, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson, Miss."],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--Mississippi","Civil rights movements--Mississippi","African Americans--Mississippi","African Americans--Civil rights--Mississippi","Civil rights demonstrations--Mississippi","Civil rights workers--Mississippi","African American civil rights workers--Mississippi","Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Protest movements","Identification photographs--Mississippi--Jackson","Lawyers--Mississippi","Student movements--Mississippi--Jackson","Picketing--Mississippi","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Walk Against Fear, Memphis, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi, 1966","Protest marches--Mississippi","Black Muslims--Mississippi","Nation of Islam (Chicago, Ill.)","African Americans--Religion","Demonstrations--Mississippi","African American political activists--Mississippi","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","African American business enterprises--Mississippi","Arrest--Mississippi","Students--Mississippi","African American social reformers--Mississippi","Social reformers--Mississippi","Criminal investigation--Mississippi","Freedom Rides, 1961","Segregation in transportation--Mississippi","Passive resistance--Mississippi","Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission","Mississippi Freedom Project"],"dcterms_title":["Sovereignty commission online"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["Mississippi. Department of Archives and History"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://da.mdah.ms.gov/sovcom"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["The Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records are state government records made available to the public pursuant to American Civil Liberties Union v. Fordice, 969 F.Supp. 403 (S.D.Miss.1994). The web-enabled version of the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission Records is intended for public use in research, teaching, and private study in accordance with the provisions of the Fair Use clause of the United States Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). MDAH makes no warranty or assurances that materials contained in this collection are free from U.S. copyright claims or other restrictions on free use and display. It is the user's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions when publishing or distributing materials found in this collection. MDAH requests that prior to publication of Sov. Com. images the user submit an MDAH Broadcast/Publication Permission form for approval by the Department. This form must be accompanied by documentation which proves that copyright requirements have been satisfied. Contact MDAH Reference Staff for details on how to obtain and complete the B/PP form: (601) 576 6876 or refdesk@mdah.state.ms.us. There are no MDAH Use Fees associated with use of Sov. Com. images. MDAH asks that each image used in a presentation, display, or publication be accompanied by a credit line, which at a minimum includes the name of this collection, the unique resource identifier for each image, the name of this institution, and URL. ; Cite images according to the following structure: Original Creator, \"Title\", Original creation date (if known), Unique Resource Identifier, Series Number and Title, Archival Repository, date of last web page revision, image location/URL, (image viewed on date)."],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["photographs","memorandums","letters (correspondence)","state government records","newsletters","pamphlets","financial records"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Stoner, Jesse Benjamin, 1924-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_p17173coll35","title":"James T. McCain Papers, 1957-1972","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":["McCain, James T.","Helena Crossing Elementary School","Roodenko, Igal","Scholarship, Education and Defense Fund for Racial Equality, Inc.","Slack-Legrande High School","Aberman, Sidney","Dixon, Elizabeth","Dorman, Elsie S.","Goldstein, Benjamin"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, New York, New York County, New York, 40.7142691, -74.0059729","United States, South Carolina, 34.00043, -81.00009","United States, South Carolina, Sumter County, 33.91617, -80.38232"],"dcterms_creator":["Scholarship, Education and Defense Fund for Racial Equality","McCain, James T.","The State Newspaper","War Resisters League","Moore, Ronnie M.","Congress of Racial Equality","AFL-CIO Committee on Political Education","Clarendon County Voters' League","National Sharecroppers Fund, Inc.","Wirtz, W. Willard","Southern Regional Council, Inc.","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Wiggins, Gloria L.","Wilcox, Preston R.","Arkansas State Teachers Association","Gartner, Alan","Hall, J. S., Jr.","Marlboro County","National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor","The New York Times","The Westchester Observer","Wiley, George","Wolfbein, Seymour L."],"dc_date":["1955/2003"],"dcterms_description":["Born in Sumter, South Carolina in 1905, James T. McCain graduated from Morris College, a historically black college in Sumter, and earned his Masters of Education from Temple University in 1940. He returned to South Carolina and served as a teacher and principal at schools around the state, before being barred from teaching in the state of South Carolina in 1955 for refusing to disavow his affiliation with the NAACP. Two years later he would begin his work with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). Founded in Chicago in 1942, CORE had become one of the leading national organizations dedicated to the struggle for civil rights for African Americans by the late 1950s. Key to its expanded activities in the south and subsequent continued national prominence was the hire of James T. McCain as Field Organizer in 1957 (the position would be renamed Field Secretary to the National Office the following year), and McCain’s assignment as Director of the Department of Organization in 1962. Between 1957 and 1971, while working directly for CORE, and after 1966, with the CORE-affiliated Scholarship, Education, and Defense Fund for Racial Equality (SEDFRE), McCain recorded his daily activities in eighteen calendars and associated notebooks, which are now housed at the South Caroliniana Library.","In addition to these calendars, this digital collection includes letters, publications, essays, speeches and other papers documenting McCain’s involvement with local and national civil rights organizations. The bulk of the items evidence his interest in local issues such as illiteracy, integration of public schools, and voter turnout in South Carolina’s African American community."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":["Columbia, S.C. : University of South Carolina. South Caroliniana Library"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Scholarship, Education and Defense Fund for Racial Equality","African Americans--Politics and government--20th century","Voter registration--Southern States","African Americans--Suffrage","African Americans--Civil rights","African Americans--Suffrage--Southern States","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Voter Education Project (Southern Regional Council)","Civil rights demonstrations","United States. Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962","Adult education--South Carolina--Columbia","Civil rights demonstrations--Southern States","Occupational training--South Carolina--Columbia","Voting registers","AFL-CIO Committee on Political Education","African Methodist Episcopal Church","Morris College (Sumter, S.C.)","Teachers--In-service training","African American leadership","Freedom Rides, 1961","Greenville County (S.C.)","National Education Association of the United States"],"dcterms_title":["James T. McCain Papers, 1957-1972"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage","Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["South Caroliniana Library","University of South Carolina. Libraries"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://digital.library.sc.edu/collections/james-t-mccain-papers-1957-1972"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["Copyright Not Evaluated. For further information please contact South Caroliniana Library, Columbia, SC 29208."],"dcterms_medium":["documents (object genre)","newspaper clippings","pamphlets","correspondence","books","calendars (documents)","fliers (printed matter)","brochures","cards (information artifacts)","programs (documents)","leaflets (printed works)","articles","minutes (administrative records)","notebooks","photographs","ballots","booklets","ephemera (general object genre)","newsletters","notecards"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["McCain, James T.","Farmer, James, 1920-1999. James Farmer, civil rights leader","Wiley, George A.","Robinson, Jackie, 1919-1972","Clyburn, James","Gartner, Alan","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","McDonald, Jimmy","McMain, James T.","Mizell, M. Hayes","Rachlin, Carl","Boulware, Harold R., 1913-1983","Bradley, Jim","Brown, Benjamin, 1945-1967","Brown, James, 1933-2006","Carlson, David B.","Clark, Robert George, 1929-","Debrah, Ebenezer Moses","Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963","Fauntroy, Walter E.","Gregory, Dick"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"mum_citizens","title":"Citizens' Council collection","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Mississippi, 32.75041, -89.75036"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1952/1986"],"dcterms_description":["Magazines, newspaper clippings, and pamphlets published by various Citizens Council's in Mississippi from 1952 to 1986 detailing their views on race and segregation. Council members used their connections to influential lawmakers, editors, business people, and state officials to enact pro-segregation legislation, exert economic pressure on those who supported civil rights activities, intimidate African Americans who attempted to register to vote, and create publicity for anti-integration viewpoints. The Council published a national magazine, The Citizen, and produced a weekly telecast, \"Forum,\" on WLBT-TV in Jackson. The Council was active for more than a decade, but began to lose some of its influence by the late 1960s."],"dc_format":["application/pdf"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Citizens' Councils of America","Segregation--Southern States","Mississippi--Race relations","White Citizens councils","White supremacy movements--United States","Segregation--United States"],"dcterms_title":["Citizens' Council collection"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["John Davis Williams Library. Department of Archives and Special Collections"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://egrove.olemiss.edu/citizens/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["newspapers","journals (periodicals)","pamphlets","broadsides (notices)","correspondence","clippings (information artifacts)"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"suc_p17173coll25","title":"M. Hayes Mizell Papers","collection_id":null,"collection_title":null,"dcterms_contributor":["Mizell, M. Hayes","United States Commission on Civil Rights","American Friends Service Committee","Alston, Allard","Matthias, Paul","Black Star Project","Bremond, Walter","ERIC Clearinghouse on Tests, Measurement, and Evaluation","Kraus, Jon","McCain, James","Moss, Thomas","Orange, James","Riley, Dick","Twiggs County District Advisory Council and Jeffersonville School Advisory Council","U.S. Commission on Civil Rights","Williams, Isaac"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, South Carolina, Richland County, 34.0218, -80.90304","United States, South Carolina, Richland County, Columbia, 34.00071, -81.03481","United States, Southern States, 33.346678, -84.119434"],"dcterms_creator":["Mizell, M. Hayes","Williams, Jacqueline","Jolley, Bobby","Peterson, Terry","American Friends Service Committee","Buhl, Herbert E., III","Mazyck, Ruby","Lester, Willie F.","Valder, Bob","Lemon, Teretha","Taylor, Jesse","Johnson, I.S. Leevy","Williams, Jacqueline A.","Brown, Cindy","Crosswell, A.G.","Daniel, Michael R.","Tyson, Robert M.","Waldo, Everett A.","Baldwin, Christina"],"dc_date":["1950/2024"],"dcterms_description":["A native of High Point, North Carolina, Hayes Mizell graduated with a degree in history from Wofford College in 1960. After enrolling at the University of South Carolina the same year, his attention turned quickly toward political activism. He participated in sit-ins with students from the historically black Benedict College in Columbia in 1961, was an active participant in the student chapter of the South Carolina Council on Human Relations, and helped organize the Student Committee to Observe Order and Peace—a group dedicated to the peaceful integration of USC. By 1964, Mizell had left USC to direct the National Student Association’s Southern Student Human Relations Project in Atlanta, thus beginning a career dedicated to social justice and equal rights for all.","Mizell next accepted an offer to become a Program Associate for the American Friends Service Committee’s (AFSC) School Desegregation Task Force in Columbia, South Carolina in 1966. He would continue working for the AFSC for nearly twenty years, eventually rising to the position of Associate Director of the group’s Southeastern Public Education Program (SPEP). During these years Mizell’s efforts focused primarily on advocating for and monitoring the desegregation of South Carolina and the region’s public schools, but he also engaged in a broad range of other community-based activities to improve the quality of education for all students. He played a key role in garnering public and political support for the enactment of state school finance reform legislation and increasing citizen involvement in school governance.","In 1970 Mizell won a seat on the Board of School Commissioners of Richland County School District 1. As a vocal advocate of desegregation on the Board of School Commissioners, Mizell drew the ire of critics of desegregation. One of Mizell’s most severe detractors was Lower Richland High School football coach Mooney Player, who spearheaded an anti-desegregation, anti-Mizell movement called “Deadline ’72.” This movement sought to elect five conservative candidates to the school board to counteract Mizell’s supposed dominance over the board. Though the candidates supported by “Deadline ’72” were elected, Mizell continued to serve on the school board until 1974, when he lost a bid for reelection. 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