{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn40289","title":"DIRKSEN ON CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-03-22"],"dcterms_description":["Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["CONGRESS","Legislation","Human rights","Voting","Politics and government"],"dcterms_title":["DIRKSEN ON CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn40289"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn40289"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn40289, (No title), WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0853, 5:47/07:08, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 min.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Dirksen, Everett McKinley"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn32197","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Florida governor LeRoy Collins speaking at a press conference about the sit-in campaign against segregated lunch counters, Jacksonville, Florida, 1960 March 20","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Collins, LeRoy"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Florida, Duval County, Jacksonville, 30.33218, -81.65565"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-03-20"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from Jacksonville, Florida on March 20, 1960, Florida governor LeRoy Collins speaks at a press conference about the African American sit-in campaign against segregated lunch counters.","The clip begins with governor LeRoy Collins standing in front of a curtain, apparently speaking to reporters at a news conference. Collins recognizes that some African Americans resent store managers who seek their business and then discriminate against by refusing to let them use the lunch counters. Collins asserts that while moral sensibilities reject such arrangements, no legal rights are violated through such behavior. Continuing, he claims that \"our private enterprise system and our laws give to the management of the private business the discretion to so discriminate if he wants to.\" After a break in the clip, Collins emphasizes that lunch counter sit-ins \"are illegal and the full, proper force of the law must be used to stop them when this becomes necessary.\"","Florida governor LeRoy Collins served from 1954 until 1960 and was styled as a leading moderate in the South on desegregation problems. After several Florida cities experienced African American sit-in demonstrations at variety store lunch counters, Collins held a press conference to address the situation. According to newspaper reports, in a prepared document distributed before the press conference, Collins suggested that proprietors ought to close lunch counters if they cannot serve white and African American clients. He also announced the formation of a state bi-racial advisory committee and suggested Florida communities create similar committees, even if there had not yet experienced any sit-ins in the city.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn32197"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation--Southern States","Governors--Florida","Press conferences--Florida--Jacksonville","Sit-ins--Southern States","Civil rights movements--Southern States","African Americans--Civil rights--Southern States","Discrimination in public accommodations--Southern States","Civil rights demonstrations--Southern States","Direct action--Southern States","Florida--Race relations--History--20th century","Southern States--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Florida governor LeRoy Collins speaking at a press conference about the sit-in campaign against segregated lunch counters, Jacksonville, Florida, 1960 March 20"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn32197"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn32197"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960-03-20"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn32197, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Florida governor LeRoy Collins speaking at a press conference about the sit-in campaign against segregated lunch counters, Jacksonville, Florida, 1960 March 20, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0719, 35:30/36:34, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 4 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Collins, LeRoy"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41515","title":"BLACK RALLY","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-03-16"],"dcterms_description":["Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Demonstrations","FREEDOM AND HUMAN RIGHTS","Congresses and conventions"],"dcterms_title":["BLACK RALLY"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41515"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41515"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn41515, (No title), WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0894, 51:53/54:27, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 3 min.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41514","title":"POLICE STOP TRAFFIC ON BOAT ROCK ROAD","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-03-16"],"dcterms_description":["Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Roads","Police","Segregation","Transportation"],"dcterms_title":["POLICE STOP TRAFFIC ON BOAT ROCK ROAD"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41514"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41514"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn41514, (No title), WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0894, 49:57/51:50, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 min.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43238","title":"Noble Explains how Violence Erupted Between Blacks and Whites","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["NOBLE, BOB"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-03-15"],"dcterms_description":["Noble Explains how Violence Erupted Between Blacks and Whites","Reporter: NOBLE, BOB","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn43238"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Violence","Race","Parades","Blacks"],"dcterms_title":["Noble Explains how Violence Erupted Between Blacks and Whites"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43238"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43238"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960-03-15"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn43238, Noble Explains how Violence Erupted Between Blacks and Whites, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0970, 45:52/47:31, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 39 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn40993","title":"U.S. SENATORS ON CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-03-10"],"dcterms_description":["Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["FREEDOM AND HUMAN RIGHTS","CONGRESS","African Americans","Discrimination","Cloture"],"dcterms_title":["U.S. SENATORS ON CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn40993"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn40993"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn40993, (No title), WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0872, 11:11/13:31, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 min.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42211","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Ernest Vandiver and mayor William B. Hartsfield responding to the full-page advertisement \"An Appeal for Human Rights\" published in newspapers by a student civil rights group in Atlanta, Georgia, 1960 March 9","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Hartsfield, William Berry","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-03-09"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from Atlanta, Georgia on March 9, 1960, Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver and Atlanta mayor William B. Hartsfield respond to \"An Appeal for Human Rights,\" a full-page advertisement published in each of the Atlanta daily newspapers by the All-University Student Leadership Group, a student-led civil rights organization. The clip's audio breaks out at several points; comments by individuals may not be completely recorded. The clip begins with governor Ernest Vandiver's critical response to \"An Appeal for Human Rights.\" Referring to the advertisement as a \"left-wing statement,\" Vandiver calls upon \"those who would cause hatred, strife, and discord\" in Atlanta and in Georgia to stop their actions which he believes will benefit no one. Next, Atlanta mayor William B. Hartsfield responds to the same document and calls Atlanta \"a city too busy ... to hate.\" He expresses appreciation for the advertisement as it lets \"the white community know what others are thinking.\" After Hartsfield's statements, governor Vandiver further condemns \"An Appeal for Human Rights,\" citing \"the same overtones which are usually found in anti-American propaganda pieces\" as evidence that it was not written by college students. Chastising the students who published the statement for not recognizing and respecting their privilege of a college education, Vandiver outlines the benefits enjoyed by African American teachers and students in Georgia. Vandiver charges that only increased and expanded job opportunities can raise the state's standard of living. He emphasizes the individual's responsibility to achieve \"opportunity and acceptance in society\" through innovation, accomplishment, imagination, ability, and a willingness to work. Groups, he believes, cannot increase opportunity or acceptance through \"unorthodox and unacceptable\" methods such as sit-ins and other acts of civil disobedience. Vandiver rejects the implication of inequality in Atlanta by listing the opportunities available to African Americans in the city and by claiming that it possesses the largest black middle class in the world. After citing these examples, Vandiver decries the \"so-called paid advertisement\" as false and the students as hypocrites. The clip concludes with more comments by mayor Hartsfield. Hartsfield recognizes that some citizens feel the city has moved to slowly in race relations but that others feel the city has moved too quickly. He believes the city has worked to \"move in the right direction.\" Hartsfield echoes his appreciation of the advertisement expressing legitimate feeling from the African American student community. He praises the \"promise of nonviolence and of a peaceful approach.\" The clip ends by repeating Hartsfield's comments about the city's desire to move in the right direction. After the February 1, 1960 student-led sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina, students at the Atlanta University Center, a consortium of six historically African American colleges in Atlanta, began organizing segregation protests in Atlanta and formed the All-University Student Leadership Group. On March 9, 1960, the group published \"An Appeal for Human Rights,\" a full-page paid advertisement in all of the city's daily newspapers. The next Tuesday, March 15, the students began organized sit-ins and protests in several downtown locations.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn42211"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Advertising, Newspaper--Georgia--Atlanta","Advocacy advertising--Georgia--Atlanta","Governors--Georgia","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African American college students--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Politics and government","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Atlanta","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","College students--Georgia--Atlanta","Communism--Georgia--Atlanta","Demonstrations--Georgia--Atlanta","Direct action--Georgia--Atlanta","Mayors--Georgia--Atlanta","Political crimes and offenses--Georgia--Atlanta","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Ernest Vandiver and mayor William B. Hartsfield responding to the full-page advertisement \"An Appeal for Human Rights\" published in newspapers by a student civil rights group in Atlanta, Georgia, 1960 March 9"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42211"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42211"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960-03-09"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn42211, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of governor Ernest Vandiver and mayor William B. Hartsfield responding to the full-page advertisement \"An Appeal for Human Rights\" published in newspapers by a student civil rights group in Atlanta, Georgia, 1960 March 9, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0919, 49:52/58:10, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 8 mins., 18 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Hartsfield, William Berry","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn31969","title":"MONTGOMERY PROTEST; BLACKS PICKET","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-03-05"],"dcterms_description":["Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Segregation","Demonstrations","Discrimination","MONTGOMERY"],"dcterms_title":["MONTGOMERY PROTEST; BLACKS PICKET"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn31969"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn31969"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn31969, (No title), WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0715, 43:54/44:36, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 min.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42579","title":"Legislator Expresses Hope that Public Schools will Stay Open in Face of Desegregation Crisis","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-03-02"],"dcterms_description":["Legislator Expresses Hope that Public Schools will Stay Open in Face of Desegregation Crisis","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn42579"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Politics and government","Education","Legislation","Segregation","Blacks","Schools"],"dcterms_title":["Legislator Expresses Hope that Public Schools will Stay Open in Face of Desegregation Crisis"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42579"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42579"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960-03-02"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn42579, Legislator Expresses Hope that Public Schools will Stay Open in Face of Desegregation Crisis, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0938, 45:57/49:26, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 3 mins., 29 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41475","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an interview with Senators Hugh Scott of Pennsylvania and Ken Keating of New York early in a Southern-led filibuster against proposed Civil Rights legislation in Washington, D.C., 1960 February 29","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Keating, Kenneth B. (Kenneth Barnard), 1900-1975","Scott, Hugh, 1900-1994"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, District of Columbia, Washington, 38.89511, -77.03637"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-02-29"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from February 29, 1960, a reporter interviews two Northern Republican senators, Hugh Scott of Pennsylvania and Ken Keating of New York, early in a Southern-led filibuster over proposed civil rights legislation in Washington, D.C.","The clip begins with the camera focusing on Senator Hugh Scott, a Republican from Pennsylvania. An off-screen female reporter asks the senator about the around-the-clock sessions the Senate began that day. Senator Scott calls the filibuster \"the Senate's version of the pajama game.\" The reporter then asks Senator Scott the secret of breaking a filibuster or an extended debate. Scott explains that it is important to be near the Senate chambers to answer quorum calls. Southern senators will call for a quorum to get some rest and to test the opposition; if the fifty-one senators needed to make a quorum cannot be found the Southern senators have a chance to defeat the Civil Rights bill.","The reporter next turns to Senator Ken Keating, a Republican from New York. In response to the reporter's question, Senator Keating estimates the filibuster will go on for two or three weeks, with votes for cloture, ending the debate and moving to voting, happening once a week. Keating indicates that two-thirds of the senators have to vote for cloture in order to end the Southern senators' filibuster. Both Senators Keating and Scott feel their experience in politics in their home states indicate they can put up with the filibuster.","The United States Senate began debate on the proposed Civil Rights bill on February 15, 1960 after it was debated and passed by the House of Representatives. On February 29, eighteen Southern senators began an around-the-clock filibuster, which lasted until April 8 and had just one fifteen-minute break. The bill was finally passed in the Senate on a vote of seventy-one in favor, ten against, and eighteen abstaining. The bill was signed into law on May 6, 1960 by president Dwight Eisenhower, becoming the Civil Rights Act of 1960.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn41475"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--United States","Civil rights movements--United States","Legislators--United States","Filibusters (Political science)--United States","Interviews--Washington (D.C.)","Reporters and reporting--Washington (D.C.)","Politicians--New York (State)","Politicians--Pennsylvania","Segregation--United States","African Americans--Civil rights","Segregation--Law and legislation","United States--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an interview with Senators Hugh Scott of Pennsylvania and Ken Keating of New York early in a Southern-led filibuster against proposed Civil Rights legislation in Washington, D.C., 1960 February 29"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41475"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41475"],"dcterms_temporal":["1960-02-29"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn41475, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of an interview with Senators Hugh Scott of Pennsylvania and Ken Keating of New York early in a Southern-led filibuster against proposed Civil Rights legislation in Washington, D.C., 1960 February 29, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0893, 47:35/49:02, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 27 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Keating, Kenneth B. (Kenneth Barnard), 1900-1975","Scott, Hugh, 1900-1994"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42162","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Ray Moore interviewing Roy R. Pearson, administrator for the Prince Edward School Foundation, about the private school system set up for white students in Prince Edward County, Virginia, 1960 February 29","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Moore, Ray, 1922-","Pearson, Roy R."],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Virginia, Prince Edward County, Farmville, 37.3021, -78.39194"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1960-02-29"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from February 29, 1960, reporter Ray Moore interviews Roy R. Pearson, administrator for the Prince Edward School Foundation, about the private school system set up for white students in Prince Edward County, Virginia.","The clip begins with WSB-TV reporter Moore sitting at a table with Roy R. Pearson. Moore asks a question, although only a portion of it is recorded. Pearson responds that the private school system is funded entirely through donations, both by residents of the county and by supporters throughout the country. Moore asks if the foundation charges tuition, and Pearson indicates there are no tuition charges for the year because of the amount of donations received. Asked about enrollment, Pearson claims that all potential white students in the county, nearly 1,500, are enrolled in the system. The clip breaks and Moore asks if the quality of education has been evaluated. Pearson proudly replies that the two upper schools in the system were accredited by the Virginia Board of Education earlier in the year. Pearson announces that all but two of the teachers employed by the foundation came from the public school system.","School integration lawsuits in Virginia began in 1951 in Prince Edward County. That case was eventually incorporated into the United States Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education. On May 17, 1954, the court ruled segregated public education illegal. State officials in Virginia organized a plan of \"massive resistance\" to court-ordered desegregation by passing laws requiring integrated schools to close and providing tuition grants to white students. In the fall of 1958, nine white public schools closed in three Virginia localities to avoid court-ordered desegregation. After both state and federal courts overturned the law requiring the closure of integrated schools, several schools in Norfolk and Arlington, Virginia opened on an integrated basis in February 1959. However, in the more racially mixed southern part of the state, Prince Edward County officials chose to close the school system and establish private schools for white students rather than integrate. The Prince Edward County schools remained closed from the fall of 1959 until the fall of 1964. During that time, approximately 1,700 African American students were not formally educated unless they left the county. White leaders from around the South facing court-ordered integration looked to the Prince Edward School Foundation as an example and a leader in resisting desegregation.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn42162"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation in education--Virginia--Prince Edward County","School integration--Virginia--Prince Edward County","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Virginia--Prince Edward County","Public school closings--Virginia--Prince Edward County","African American school children--Education--Virginia--Prince Edward County","Interviews--Virginia--Prince Edward County","Reporters and reporting--Virginia--Prince Edward County","Private schools--Virginia--Prince Edward County","Schools--Standards--Virginia","Private schools--Accreditation--Virginia","Prince Edward County (Va.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Ray Moore interviewing Roy R. 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Inside a store, a group of people seem to wait in line to sit at a lunch counter. White people try to pull the African American demonstrators out of their seats at the lunch counter and later try to prevent African American boys from hiding behind the counter for safety. Next, a police paddy wagon pulls up, and a policeman gets out of the vehicle. The African American demonstrators are led to the paddy wagon with policemen on the sidewalk blocking the view of people behind them. Back inside at the lunch counter, African Americans sit and later stand up, gather their belongings, and walk outside past white people lined up on the other side of the room.","After four African American students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University were arrested for conducting a sit-in at a F.W. Woolworth's store in Greensboro, North Carolina, sit-ins spread to other communities around the state and the country. In Nashville, Tennessee, African American students trained in nonviolence by James Lawson, a divinity student at Vanderbilt University, began holding sit-ins February 13, 1960. Previously, the Nashville Christian Leadership Council had conducted small sit-ins in two department stores the previous December. The first group of demonstrators was arrested February 27, 1960, after white teenagers responded violently to the sit-ins; the police were unexpectedly absent until they arrived to arrest eighty-one demonstrating students. On March 3, Nashville mayor Ben West announced the formation of a seven-man community relations committee, which had been urged by both white and African American community leaders. The committee recommended voluntary lunch counter integration on April 6, 1960, but the suggestion was rejected by the white and African American communities. Community leaders reached a compromise on May 10 when six downtown lunch counters desegregated.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn41474"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights movements--Tennessee--Nashville","African American civil rights workers--Tennessee--Nashville","African American civil rights workers--Tennessee--Nashville--Violence against","Civil rights workers--Tennessee--Nashville","Sit-ins--Tennessee--Nashville","Civil rights demonstrations--Tennessee--Nashville","Police--Tennessee--Nashville","Arrest--Tennessee--Nashville","Restaurants--Tennessee--Nashville","Segregationists--Tennessee--Nashville","Police vehicles--Tennessee--Nashville","Whites--Tennessee--Nashville","Discrimination in restaurants--Tennessee--Nashville","Nashville (Tenn.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a African American students holding a lunch counter sit-in and policemen arresting the demonstrators in Nashville, Tennessee, 1960 February 27"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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