{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41372","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver reading a statement sent to state officials regarding the integration of the University of Georgia from the governor's mansion in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January 9","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01-09"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from January 9, 1961, Georgia Governor Ernest Vandiver, speaking from the governor's mansion in Atlanta, Georgia, reads from a statement he sent to lieutenant governor Garland T. Byrd and Speaker of the house George L. Smith, Jr., regarding the inevitable integration of the University of Georgia and a state law preventing the funding of integrated educational institutions. Governor Vandiver expresses his disappointment with the University of Georgia's integration and with the required withholding of state funds from the school, but declares that he will follow the law. He reviews some of the ten-year history of the legal battle to integrate the university, and declares that \"all legal resources available ... have been exhausted.\" He recognizes that as long as the 1956 appropriations act requires the state to withhold money from the school, the school will not be able to operate.","African Americans began trying to integrate the University of Georgia with Horace T. Ward's application to the university's law school in 1950; his case ended unsuccessfully in 1957. In 1959, Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter applied to the university but their applications were denied, allegedly because of \"lack of space.\" After unsuccessfully renewing their applications several more times, lawyers for the two students filed a federal lawsuit against the university in 1960. On January 6, 1961, federal judge William A. Bootle ruled that the university could not reject otherwise qualified applicants solely based on their race and ordered the university to admit them. On January 10, 1961, Bootle issued a temporary restraining order preventing the state of Georgia from cutting off funds to the university, and on January 13 he declared the 1956 appropriations act prohibiting funding integrated schools unconstitutional.","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn41372"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors--Georgia","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","College integration--Georgia--Athens","Segregation in education--Georgia--Athens","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia--Athens","Education, Higher--Georgia--Finance","Georgia--Appropriations and expenditures"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver reading a statement sent to state officials regarding the integration of the University of Georgia from the governor's mansion in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January 9"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41372"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn41372"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-01-09"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn41372, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver reading a statement sent to state officials regarding the integration of the University of Georgia from the governor's mansion in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January 9, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0890, 34:48/35:54, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 6 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43149","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of reporter Ray Moore interviewing Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver about the court-ordered integration of the University of Georgia, in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January 8","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Moore, Ray, 1922-","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01-08"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB newsfilm clips from Atlanta, Georgia on January 8, 1961, WSB-TV news reporter Ray Moore interviews Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver about the court-ordered integration of the University of Georgia. The clips begin with a sound-check section. Next, reporter Ray Moore asks the governor if he will recommend that the legislature remove a law prohibiting the state from funding integrated schools. Governor Vandiver says that he will address the question in his state of the state message, scheduled for the opening of the legislature the next day. Vandiver clarifies that he has called a meeting of legislators and members of the Board of Regents, the Chancellor of the University System of Georgia, and President of the University of Georgia to discuss the implications of the court-ordered integration of the university. Vandiver emphasizes that the meeting is not a policy making meeting, but a chance for interested parties to ask the state's legal team about the court decision. He refuses to answer questions about the university's use of stand-by funds or the presence of state troopers at the university when the first African American students arrive. While he, like many parents and citizens of the state, is concerned about the university's future, he declines to comment until after his state of the state address. When asked by an unidentified off-camera reporter, Vandiver will not comment on whether state troopers will be present the following morning, Hunter's and Holmes' first day.","African American students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes first applied to the University of Georgia in July 1959. University officials claimed \"lack of space\" and refused to admit the two for several quarters. In the fall of 1960, African American attorneys Donald Hollowell, Constance B. Motley, and Horace T. Ward filed a federal lawsuit seeking admission for the two students. Federal judge William A. Bootle on January 6, 1961 ordered the university to admit the two students, ending the university's segregation. Governor Vandiver, who had campaigned on the segregationist-slogan \"no, not one,\" threatened to comply with a 1956 state appropriations law that prohibited the state from funding integrated schools and effectively shutting down the university. Judge Bootle issued a temporary restraining order against such action on January 10, and on January 13 declared the 1956 law unconstitutional.","Reporter: Moore, Ray, 1922-","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn43149"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Interviews--Georgia--Atlanta","College integration--Georgia--Athens","Segregation in education--Georgia--Athens","Governors--Georgia","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia","Police, State--Georgia","College presidents--Georgia--Athens","Georgia--Appropriations and expenditures"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of reporter Ray Moore interviewing Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver about the court-ordered integration of the University of Georgia, in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January 8"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43149"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43149"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-01-08"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn43149, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of reporter Ray Moore interviewing Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver about the court-ordered integration of the University of Georgia, in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January 8, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0967, 17:21/20:12, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 mins., 51 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005--Interviews","Moore, Ray, 1922-","Hunter-Gault, Charlayne","Holmes, Hamilton, 1941-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43205","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of white students at the University of Georgia signing petitions requesting that the state legislature keep the school open after court-ordered integration in Athens, Georgia, 1961 January 8","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01-08"],"dcterms_description":["In this silent WSB newsfilm clip from Athens, Georgia in January 8, 1961, unidentified white students at the University of Georgia sign a petition to the state legislature requesting the university stay open after court-ordered integration. In the clip, a male student sitting on his bed signs the petition. Another student hands the petition to someone else, who then signs it.","Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes first applied to the University of Georgia in July 1959. University officials claimed \"lack of space\" and refused to admit the two African American students for several quarters. In the fall of 1960, African American attorneys Donald Hollowell, Constance B. Motley, and Horace T. Ward filed a federal lawsuit seeking admission for the two students. Federal judge William A. Bootle on January 6, 1961 ordered the university to admit the two students, ending the university's segregation. On January 8, several hundred white students gathered at the chapel on campus and signed a petition asking the legislature not to close the now-integrated university; the petition with 2,600 signatures was presented to Frank Twitty of the House of Representatives the next morning.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn43205"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["College students--Georgia--Athens","African American college students--Georgia--Athens","College integration--Georgia--Athens","Petitions--Georgia--Athens","Dormitories--Georgia--Athens","College integration--Georgia--Athens--Public opinion","Public opinion--Georgia--Athens","Segregation in education--Georgia--Athens"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of white students at the University of Georgia signing petitions requesting that the state legislature keep the school open after court-ordered integration in Athens, Georgia, 1961 January 8"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43205"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43205"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-01-08"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn43205, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of white students at the University of Georgia signing petitions requesting that the state legislature keep the school open after court-ordered integration in Athens, Georgia, 1961 January 8, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0970, 2:46/03:14, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 28 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn34672","title":"BLACK AND WHITE DEMONSTRATORS CARRY SIGNS DENOUNCING ENGLEWOOD SCHOOL SEGREGATION (1961)","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961"],"dcterms_description":["Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation","Education","Demonstrations","Schools"],"dcterms_title":["BLACK AND WHITE DEMONSTRATORS CARRY SIGNS DENOUNCING ENGLEWOOD SCHOOL SEGREGATION (1961)"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn34672"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn34672"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn34672, (No title), WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0769, 19:42/20:39, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 min.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn35997","title":"Black Students Leave School (1961)","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01-01"],"dcterms_description":["Black Students Leave School (1961)","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn35997"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Segregation","Blacks","Discrimination"],"dcterms_title":["Black Students Leave School (1961)"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn35997"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn35997"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-01-01"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn35997, Black Students Leave School (1961), WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0796, 10:02/10:42, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 40 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn32691","title":"N.A.A.C.P.'S ROY WILKINS CRITICIZES KENNEDY ADMINISTRATION FOR NOT MOVING QUICKER AGAINST SEGREGATION (1961)","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, 39.76, -98.5"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961","1961-01-01"],"dcterms_description":["Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African Americans","Segregation","Legislation","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"dcterms_title":["N.A.A.C.P.'S ROY WILKINS CRITICIZES KENNEDY ADMINISTRATION FOR NOT MOVING QUICKER AGAINST SEGREGATION (1961)"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn32691"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn32691"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn32691, (No title), WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0727, 44:10/45:10, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 min.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Wilkins, Roy, 1901-1981"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42771","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of students at the University of Georgia responding to an unidentified reporter's questions regarding the schools integration in Athens, Georgia, 1961 January","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Bireley, Denoe A.","King, Mary Matilda","Hunter-Gault, Charlayne","Holmes, Hamilton, 1941-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from Athens, Georgia in January 1961, unidentified white students at the University of Georgia respond to an unidentified reporter's questions regarding the university's integration as they stand in front of Sanford Stadium. The interview of the first student is not completely recorded, but the student does indicate that there is a difference in feeling regarding integration between his father's generation and the students currently enrolled in the university. The second student affirms his belief in the equality of man and doesn't believe the university's integration will effect his education. The third student interviewed agrees that integration at the university will not effect his education. When asked about his parents' feelings on the situation, the student replies that while his parents help fund his education, he thinks that they will trust his decision. The fourth student who also believes in the equality of man asserts that students who pass the requirements to attend the university should be able to do so, regardless of their race. When asked about the opinion of other students on campus, he replies that he knows there is a variety of opinions on campus, but still believes that integration should be tried.","Next, the reporter interviews a female student, identified as Denoe \"DeeDee\" Bireley from Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Bireley says that she doesn't believe that people on campus will like integration. She adds that she, like other people from Ft. Lauderdale, does not associate with African Americans; however, she thinks her parents would still want her to get an education. If integration begins at the university, she says, the university will not go back to being segregated. The next student, possibly junior Mary King, believes that African Americans as university day students would not be much of a problem, confirming that she would not have a problem with attending classes with a black student. However she believes that there would be problems if an African American student lived in the dormitories. While the trouble in such a situation may not be violent, she asserts that the other girls in the dorm would resent an African American student. King is next asked about criticism of athletics at the university made by a Dr. Condit; neither the reporter nor the student explain who Dr. Condit is or what his criticism entails. She replies that while she has not participated in any sporting events on campus, she believes competition is good for school spirit and feels the university would be harmed if athletics ended. The reporter again speaks to Bireley, asking her about Dr. Condit's comments. After a misunderstanding, Bireley responds that she believes the whole school should be involved in football and school spirit because education is more than just studying. Another male student interviewed by the reporter in the school of arts and sciences feels that too many resources are going to athletics instead of academics. After the person-on-the-street interviews, Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes, the first two African American students at the university, are seen walking on campus. A reporter asks Hunter about the ruling, but her reply is not recorded. Finally, Hunter and Holmes get into a car, refusing to answer more questions from reporters.","Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes first applied to the University of Georgia in the summer of 1959 but were denied based on lack of space according to the university. After several other unsuccessful applications, lawyers for the two students filed a federal lawsuit against the university. On January 6, 1961 federal judge William A. Bootle ordered the university to admit the students and to stop rejecting applicants solely based on race; Hunter and Holmes began attending classes at the University of Georgia on January 11, ending 176 years of segregation.","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn42771"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["College students--Georgia--Athens--Attitudes","African American college students--Georgia--Athens","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Athens","Interviews--Georgia--Athens","College integration--Georgia--Athens","Segregation in education--Georgia--Athens","Government, Resistance to--Georgia","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia","College integration--Georgia--Athens--Public opinion","Public opinion--Georgia--Athens","College sports--United States","Athens (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of students at the University of Georgia responding to an unidentified reporter's questions regarding the schools integration in Athens, Georgia, 1961 January"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42771"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42771"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-01"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn42771, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of students at the University of Georgia responding to an unidentified reporter's questions regarding the schools integration in Athens, Georgia, 1961 January, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0950, 12:20/19:04, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 6 mins., 44 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Bireley, Denoe A.","Hunter-Gault, Charlayne","Holmes, Hamilton, 1941-","King, Mary Matilda"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn56946","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Atlanta mayoral candidates Ivan Allen and Lester Maddox talking about the segregation of recreation facilities in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003","Allen, Ivan, 1911-2003"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01-01"],"dcterms_description":["Atlanta mayoral candidates Ivan Allen and Lester Maddox talk about segregation of recreation facilities.","Title supplied by cataloger.","Date is approximate."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn56946"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Clubs--Georgia--Atlanta","Segregation--Georgia--Atlanta","Civic leaders--Georgia--Atlanta","Mayors--Georgia--Atlanta--Election","Recreation--Georgia--Atlanta"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Atlanta mayoral candidates Ivan Allen and Lester Maddox talking about the segregation of recreation facilities in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn56946"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn56946"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-01-01"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn56946, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Atlanta mayoral candidates Ivan Allen and Lester Maddox talking about the segregation of recreation facilities in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1565, 54:33/59:03, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 4 mins., 30 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Maddox, Lester, 1915-2003","Allen, Ivan, 1911-2003"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn69562","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Ray Moore interviewing Alice W. Stancil, one of the first women admitted to the academic side of the University of Georgia in 1919, about her experiences at the university, Athens, Georgia, 1961 January","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Moore, Ray, 1922-","Stancil, Alice W., 1900-1969"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from January 1961, reporter Ray Moore interviews Alice W. Stancil, one of the first women admitted in 1919 as a full-time academic student at the University of Georgia, about her experiences at the university.","The clip begins with Moore interviewing Stancil. Moore refers to Stancil by her married name of Mrs. Walter Stancil. Moore asks about demonstrations that took place on campus when women were first admitted to the University of Georgia. Stancil remembers that placards and posters were nailed to the trees with the quote \"Give us back our university.\" She also recalls that men dumped hot water on female students who walked too close to the men's dormitory. Mrs. Stancil asserts that she never went near a dormitory. Moore asks Stancil about the time the male students came to attack the home where she and some of the other women students were staying. The clip breaks and returns in the middle of Stancil's story. She explains that when the house matron heard the men were coming, she had the women change into their \"very best evening outfit\" and do their hair. The matron then ordered ice cream and punch. When the men arrived at the house, the matron invited the boys to come in for a party. After eating the ice cream, the men and women sang college songs. Stancil reports that the men had come with eggs and tomatoes to throw at the house, but that they quickly hid them when they heard about the party. She recounts watching the men as they left the party and tried to gather the eggs and tomatoes without letting the women see. After the party, according to Stancil, the men were very friendly to the women.","Next, Moore speaks to the camera, indicating that Mrs. Stancil is currently the chair of the legislative committee for the state parent-teacher association and that she lives in Dalton. He explains that she was also one of the first women to enter the university in 1919. Mrs. Stancil adds that she was one of the first women students on the academic side of the university. Moore asks Stancil about her treatment by other students on campus. Stancil comments that while the treatment varied, there was significant antagonism to opening the school to women. She comments that it was easy to distinguish between those who supported admitting women and those who did not. The push to admit women to the University of Georgia, Stancil reports, began with the Georgia Federation of Woman's Clubs, a statewide alliance of local reform-minded women's organizations. The members of the Athens Woman's Club understood the significance of women at the university and kept an eye on the women the first two or three years they were on campus, even coming to visit the new students and coaching them on their bearing.","Following a break in the clip, Mrs. Stancil recalls that during her first year, the women stayed in a frame house off-campus. At one point the women were quarantined during an epidemic. While the women were quarantined, men brought meals to the women's house and the house matron \"pitched her suitcase out the window and left.\" In September 1920, the beginning of the second academic year of women on campus, the university moved the women into an almost-completed dormitory (Soule Hall) and finished construction during the term. Stancil tells of a time about five hundred young men from the freshman class decided to raid the building. Stancil comments that the dean warned the house mother, but the rest of the story is not recorded. After another break in the clip, she mentions that the female students were never invited to join the student government association, so the women formed their own organizations. Mrs. Stancil was the president of the first student government organization for the women. The Pioneer Club, another organization formed by the first women on campus, had become a honor society by 1961. The clip ends with comments about interactions with a chemistry professor. The story is not completely recorded.","The push to admit women to the University of Georgia was first championed by the Athens Woman's Club and in 1916 was taken up by the Georgia Federation of Woman's Clubs. After two years of active campaigning, university trustees approved the admission of women to upperclass and graduate classes at the University of Georgia. Miss Alice Walker of Monroe, Georgia, who later married Walter Stancil, was one of the women admitted to the junior class in the fall of 1919. While at the university, she was president of the women's student government association and involved in several other organizations on campus. In 1961, following the court-ordered integration of the school, reporter Ray Moore interviewed Mrs. Stancil about her experiences as member of a class of women admitted to the university. In January 1961 Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes became the first African American students to attend the University of Georgia.","Reporter: Moore, Ray, 1922-","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn69562"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Coeducation--Georgia--Athens","Discrimination in education--Georgia--Athens","Universities and colleges--Georgia--Athens","Women college students--Georgia--Athens","Women, White--Georgia--Athens","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Athens","Interviews--Georgia--Athens","Demonstrations--Georgia--Athens","Women--Georgia--Societies and clubs"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Ray Moore interviewing Alice W. Stancil, one of the first women admitted to the academic side of the University of Georgia in 1919, about her experiences at the university, Athens, Georgia, 1961 January"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn69562"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn69562"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-01"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn69562, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of reporter Ray Moore interviewing Alice W. Stancil, one of the first women admitted to the academic side of the University of Georgia in 1919, about her experiences at the university, Athens, Georgia, 1961 January, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0922, 54:31/59:40, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 5 mins., 9 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Moore, Ray, 1922-","Stancil, Alice W., 1900-1969"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43146","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of African American student Charlayne Hunter walking on the campus of the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, 1961 January","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01-00"],"dcterms_description":["In this silent series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from Athens, Georgia in January 1961, Charlayne Hunter, one of the first African Americans to attend the University of Georgia walks on campus. The clip begins with students, including Hunter, leaving Meigs Hall where Hunter's psychology class was held. As Hunter begins walking away from the building, a cameraman takes pictures. A man in a suit, possibly a plain-clothes police officer, watches her as she walks. Hunter passes the law school and enters the main library building. Finally, the science building is seen with a car parked in front of it.\u003cp\u003eCharlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes first applied to the University of Georgia in July 1959. University officials claimed \"lack of space\" and refused to admit the two African American students for several quarters. In the fall of 1960, African American attorneys Donald Hollowell, Constance B. Motley, and Horace T. Ward filed a federal lawsuit seeking admission for the two students. Federal judge William A. Bootle on January 6, 1961 ordered the university to admit the two students, ending the university's segregation. Holmes and Hunter registered for classes January 9, and attended their first classes on campus January 11. Plain-clothes officers escorted Hunter and Holmes to class during the first weeks they were on campus.\u003c/p\u003e","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn43146"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["College students--Georgia--Athens","African American college students--Georgia--Athens","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Athens","College integration--Georgia--Athens","Segregation in education--Georgia--Athens","Police, State--Georgia--Athens"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of African American student Charlayne Hunter walking on the campus of the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, 1961 January"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43146"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43146"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-01-00"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn43146, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of African American student Charlayne Hunter walking on the campus of the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, 1961 January, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0967, 10:10/12:47, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 2 mins., 37 secs.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Hunter-Gault, Charlayne"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43162","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of comments regarding integration of education in Georgia by Board of Regents member Roy V. Harris and House of Representatives members Frank Twitty and A'Delbert Bowen in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Harris, Roy Vincent, 1895-1985","Twitty, Frank Starling, 1907-1981","Bowen, A'Delbert, 1919-1981"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01-00"],"dcterms_description":["This series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from Atlanta, Georgia in January 1961 contains selections of comments regarding integration of education in Georgia made by Board of Regents member Roy V. Harris to the House Education Committee, and selections of comments made to the committee and later to the full House of Representatives by Representatives Frank Twitty of Mitchell County and A'Delbert Bowen of Randolph County.","The clip begins with representative Frank Twitty speaking to the House Education Committee. His comments are interspersed with those made by Roy V. Harris. Twitty explains that Georgia Governor Ernest Vandiver is proposing a package plan of legislation to oppose the most recent court decision for integration. Bill co-sponsor Twitty refers to the plan as \"about the only thing left that we can fight with.\" Part of the plan Twitty outlines decentralizes the school board system, giving more authority back to local boards and allowing them to better counteract attacks on segregation. HB174 is \"A Bill to be entitled an Act to provide for suspension and reopening of public schools; to provide for the call of an election on said issue; to prescribe the procedure relating thereto; to provide that teachers' and other contracts shall not be effected by such suspension but that the compensation thereunder shall continue under specified terms; and for other purposes.\" Twitty reminds the committee that governor Vandiver is pledging to support public education. He expresses his gratitude for the strength of character of members of the general assembly during the most recent integration crisis, as well as for their support. Twitty asks the committee to give the proposals a unanimous vote and to not be against public education.","Board of Regents member Roy V. Harris also speaks to the House Education Committee. He wishes that a Southern governor would defy a federal court order to integrate, a move he believes would \"create a revolt in the minds of the people all over this nation.\" Harris refers to the defiance of the Louisiana legislature in only making appropriations once a month and reminds his audience that no federal judge has yet put them in jail and that their actions have stood up in courts. Harris compares the South's resistance to reconstruction and integration to the Indian Self Determination movement, led by Gandhi. The Civil Rights movement, influenced by Gandhi's teachings on nonviolence and passive resistance, also frequently compared itself to Gandhi's struggle in India. Harris praises the \"passive resistance\" of southerners during the Reconstruction period in which acts of congress and federal judges ruled the South.  He asserts that he has never advocated violence or closing Georgia schools. Harris refers to his role as the president of the States' Rights Council of Georgia and a visit he and governor Vandiver made to Little Rock after the integration crisis there in 1957. He declares that only local residents should be able to decide if they want their schools closed rather than integrating, criticizing the \"election\" portion of House Bill 174.","Next, Twitty speaks from prepared remarks, portions of which are inaudible, to the whole House of Representatives. Twitty calls the proposed school legislation the most important of his seventeen-year career. The laws, Twitty says, are carefully reasoned ones that reasonable men can support and live with in the future. He asks the House members to give their unanimous endorsement to the bills and to governor Vandiver and the leadership that helped create them. Twitty decries those opposing the bills for not offering a workable plan. He proclaims that he wants what is best for Georgia children and to prevent another Little Rock or New Orleans crisis. He states that the members of the legislature will be judged in the future by their votes.","Finally, representative A'Delbert Bowen from Randolph County speaks to the House. He refers to the plans offered by Twitty as \"the easy way out,\" remarking that the white flag of surrender will be the symbol of the legislature. Bowen affirms that he is just as interested in the welfare of Georgia children, but he does not believe everything has been done to prevent integration. He asks the audience to stop insulting the intelligence of Georgians by calling the plan proposed by the governor anything but integration.","Civil rights workers in Georgia attacked segregated education at colleges and universities as well as in public school districts around the state. Federal judge William A. Bootle on January 6, 1961 ordered the University of Georgia's integration, leading state officials to choose between accepting integration and closing the school. On January 13, Bootle ruled unconstitutional a 1956 appropriations act preventing funding integrated schools. Also on May 9, 1960 federal judge Frank A. Hooper set a deadline for the desegregation of Atlanta schools as May 1, 1961. In response to pressure to integrate on Atlanta schools as well as on the University of Georgia, governor Vandiver proposed legislation to the Georgia legislature allowing greater control to local school boards and providing grants to students choosing to attend private schools rather than integrated public schools, moving the state from a position of massive resistance to one of \"restructured resistance.\"","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn43162"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Legislators--Georgia--Attitudes","School integration--Georgia--Athens","Segregation in education--Georgia--Athens","College students--Georgia--Athens","African American college students--Georgia--Athens","School boards--Georgia","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia","Government, Resistance to--Georgia","College integration--Georgia--Athens--Public opinion","Public opinion--Georgia--Athens","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Louisiana--New Orleans","School integration--Arkansas--Little Rock","School integration--Louisiana--New Orleans"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of comments regarding integration of education in Georgia by Board of Regents member Roy V. Harris and House of Representatives members Frank Twitty and A'Delbert Bowen in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43162"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn43162"],"dcterms_temporal":["1961-01-00"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn43162, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of comments regarding integration of education in Georgia by Board of Regents member Roy V. Harris and House of Representatives members Frank Twitty and A'Delbert Bowen in Atlanta, Georgia, 1961 January, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0968, 14:03/34:12, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 20 mins., 9 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Harris, Roy Vincent, 1895-1985","Twitty, Frank Starling, 1907-1981","Bowen, A'Delbert, 1919-1981","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38256","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of statements by Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver, Athens mayor Ralph M. Snow, Georgia state treasurer George B. Hamilton, lieutenant governor Garland T. Byrd, and Mrs. Alice Stancil regarding integration of the University of Georgia, Georgia, 1961 January","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Moore, Ray, 1922-","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Snow, Ralph M., -1969","Stancil, Alice W., 1900-1969","Hamilton, George B. (George Bright), 1891-1971","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014","Hazelwood, James Terry","Morris, Aubrey R.","Cook, Eugene, 1904-","Sims, Larky"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Bibb County, Macon, 32.84069, -83.6324","United States, Georgia, Clarke County, Athens, 33.96095, -83.37794","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1961-01-00"],"dcterms_description":["In this compilation of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from January 9th through 13th of 1961, Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver reads a prepared statement and answers reporters' questions at press conferences about the University of Georgia's court-ordered integration; Athens mayor Ralph M. Snow reports on a January 11 riot at the university; a reporter interviews students about the university's integration and the January 11 riot; a reporter interviews Mrs. Alice Stancil, one of the first female students at the university; state treasurer George B. Hamilton explains why he is withholding money from the University System of Georgia; lieutenant governor Garland T. Byrd answers reporters' questions; and white women picket in front of the capitol building. The clip's audio breaks several times. Not all comments are completely recorded.","The clips begin with a series from the January 12 press conference during which reporters question governor Ernest Vandiver about a January 11 riot at the University of Georgia (UGA). Governor Vandiver reads from a previously issued statement, detailing his reaction to riot events, including his conferences with Georgia attorney general Eugene Cook and UGA president Dr. O.C. Aderhold. He emphasizes that his proclamation called for an abstention from violence. He refers to a memorandum from Colonel William P. Trotter, director of the state Department of Public Safety, regarding details of the evening, as well as a statement by mayor Snow reporting a return to order in Athens. Several of the questions posed to the governor relate to the differences between Trotter's and Snow's accounts of the timeline. Another reporter asks Vandiver about a statement released by his executive secretary Peter Zack Geer that morning and read on an Atlanta radio station. Vandiver displays his annoyance regarding the deletion of the phrase \"let there be no violence ever in Georgia\" during the original broadcast of Geer's statement. Vandiver indicates that he had not informed Geer of the rock throwing the previous evening. Vandiver is questioned about Mr. Hamilton and the possibility of his being in contempt of court. This refers to a temporary restraining order issued Tuesday, January 10 by federal judge William A. Bootle preventing Vandiver from cutting off the university's funding and a subpoena received by state treasurer George B. Hamilton. (Hamilton is interviewed later in this series of clips beginning at approximately 26 minutes.) A reporter questions Vandiver about statements made by Board of Regents member Roy V. Harris, but Vandiver's response is not presented at this point. (His response that he \"belongs to that rapidly growing body of our citizenry who does not engage in an exchange of statements with Roy Harris\" appears at approximately 9 minutes, 55 seconds in this series. The reporters then laugh at his response.) A reporter asks about Harris threatening Dr. Aderhold with physical violence, but Vandiver indicates that he has no knowledge of such. In response to a question, the governor replies that a restraining order had been issued on Tuesday and he was unprepared to comment as the case was on going. This refers to the order by Bootle mentioned earlier. When asked about the university students dealing with the issue of integrating the campus without outside influence, the governor states that the \"entire state has an interest\" so it does not stop at the edge of the campus. At this point there is an extended discussion about the differences between mayor Snow's and Col. Trotter's accounts of the timeline. Vandiver refuses to talk about future events such as the possible return of the African American students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes and the results of the injunction hearing, nor will he comment on the decisions of the campus administrators. Vandiver responds to questions about the passage of a road bill and an upcoming child protection amendment to the Georgia constitution. He praises House representative and floor leader Frank Twitty. This section of clips ends at approximately 8 minutes and 5 seconds; more of the press conference begins at approximately 9 minutes, 55 seconds.","The next clip is of Athens mayor Ralph M. Snow reporting on the January 11 riot that included assaults with rocks and fireworks, and his request to the state patrol for assistance dispersing the rioting crowd. Snow claims that the state patrol was unable to assist because they could not contact their superior officer. Snow states that the city police and local firefighters used tear gas and fire hoses to disperse the crowd and were able to restore order by midnight. He concludes by explaining that by the time the state patrol finally arrived, the situation was already under control, and that his officers were able to preserve order. This section runs from approximately 8 minutes, 6 seconds until approximately 8 minutes, 52 seconds.","The next series of clips is a public statement by Vandiver made on January 9 from the Governor's Mansion. The governor reads from a letter he sent to lieutenant governor Garland T. Byrd and to Speaker of the House of Representatives George L. Smith, II. Vandiver explains that a ruling made earlier in the day by federal judge Elbert P. Tuttle of the United States Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ordering the immediate integration of the University of Georgia will cause the school to close. The clip runs from approximately 8 minutes, 53 seconds to approximately 9 minutes, 54 seconds.","The next series of clips returns to the press conference described earlier. He takes questions from Mr. Freeman Levert (?) and another reporter regarding the return of the African American students to the campus. The responses are not recorded here, and it is not clear if the responses from the earlier section of clips from this press conference originally came from this stop in the interview. Vandiver reads from the Georgia law (section 86106, and sections B, C and D of 1957 Georgia laws, page 47) regarding the responsibilities of the governor and of local officials regarding maintaining the public peace and the use of state militia. He emphasizes that he wants everyone to understand the legal process. Referring to Judge W. A. Bootle's decision to terminate the suspension of Hunter and Holmes from the University of Georgia, Vandiver goes on to state his position to the people of Georgia: through the suspension, the UGA administration had recognized the \"imminent danger presented to the public peace by the presence of plaintiffs on the campus.\" This section of the clips ends with Vandiver commenting on the statements made by \"mayor Shaw\" [i.e., Athens mayor Snow]. Vandiver exists at approximately 13 minutes, 19 seconds, but the clip runs until about 13 minutes, 39 seconds.","The next series of clips of interviews with students on the UGA campus runs from about 13 minutes, 40 seconds until about 19 minutes, 55 seconds. An unidentified reporter interviews students at the University of Georgia about the university's integration and the January 11 riot. An unidentified 1955 university alumnus criticizes riot participants for injuring the reputation of the university and the United States' reputation internationally by undermining democracy. The next unidentified student interviewed believes that if African American students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes return to campus, students will try and keep them out. When asked about the possibility that outsiders helped create the previous night's riot, the student says that he believes the students were primarily responsible for the riot. Another unidentified student counters saying he saw a lot of people who did not look like students at the riot. Next, Terry Hazelwood, student editor at the campus newspaper the \u003ci\u003eRed and Black\u003c/i\u003e emphasizes that while many students do not like integration, nothing good can come from violence. He criticizes the \"few students who give such a black eye to the university.\" Hazelwood reports that campus clubs, including some fraternities and sororities, are working to encourage members to be nonviolent and that students are circulating a petition denouncing the riot. Campus leaders plan to submit the petition to the legislature and governor as well as to the appropriate media outlets. In response to Hazelwood's comments, another unidentified student questions the worth of petitions and state laws, declaring \"all we have is a federal judge cramming something down our throats.\" The student estimates that almost three thousand people participated in the riot and that half of the campus is for segregation and only a quarter is for integration. He concludes emphatically that he is for segregation \"and I will be until I die.\" The male students around him all cheer. Another unidentified student disagrees with the percentages and numbers quoted, feeling instead that the opinions that count are those who take initiative through actions such as signing petitions. Last, Terry Hazelwood notes that at the  \u003ci\u003eRed and Black\u003c/i\u003e they deplore that so few can \"give a black eye\" to the university as a whole. He believes that there are three elements: students who are protesting, students who are acting and trying to keep the violence down, and the large group in-between who don't care one way or the other.","The next fifteen seconds or so is a series of shots around downtown Athens and crowds around the Arches at the front of UGA. These are followed by clips (ca. 2 minutes) of students gathered on campus near Soule Hall and Myers Hall, dormitories on campus. African American student Hamilton Holmes stands near a car, speaking to the driver before the car backs up and leaves. At 22 minutes, 39 seconds, an unidentified reporter speaks briefly to Larky Sims, president of Myers dormitory, regarding the reaction supposedly to Charlayne Hunter being in that dorm, but the question is cut off. Starting at 22 minutes, 51 seconds another unidentified student is interviewed about the riot. The young man believes about one thousand people participated in the riot with a lot of \"hot heads\" and outside help. He thinks there may be more protests, although he doesn't believe they will be as bad.","Next, WSB-TV reporter Ray Moore interviews Mrs. Walter Stancil, one of the early female students on campus, about her experience. Mrs. Stancil, who was knows as Alice Walker during her time at UGA, tells of a time she had asked about a grade in a class she felt was doing well in and was told \"for a girl, you did just wonderful.\" In another instance, the dean of her college told a friend \"we just give degrees to women. They are hardly intelligent enough to earn one.\" Stancil also repeats a comment made to her by Dean Mary D. Lyndon, the first dean of women, who said, \"the only foundation for a higher education is a Christian character.\" Alice Stancil was admitted with several other women to the academic side of the University of Georgia in 1919, the first class of women at UGA. She was active in campus life and became president of the women's student government group. Following graduation, Mrs. Stancil taught school before marrying Walter Stancil and moving to Dalton, Georgia. At the time of the interview, she served as chair of the legislative committee on parent-teacher associations. This series of clips is found at about 23 minutes, 57 seconds into the series and ends at around 26 minutes.","Next, reporter Aubrey Morris interviews state treasurer George B. Hamilton who reads in part from a 1956 appropriations act preventing the state from funding integrated schools. Because of the court-ordered integration of the University of Georgia, Hamilton explains that he is holding over two requests for funds from James A. Blissit, treasurer of the University System of Georgia until he is told what money will be used by the University of Georgia and what money will go to other still segregated schools. He has written to Mr. B. E. Thrasher, Jr., the assistant director of the Bureau of the Budget, regarding section 8 of the Appropriations Act of 1956. (This series of clips runs from about 26 minutes, 1 second to about 30 minutes 9 seconds; there is an extended silent section at 26 minutes, 27 seconds until 27 minutes, 24 seconds. During this section, it appears that Hamilton is reading or making a statement, but the sound is not recorded.)","The next series of clips (about 2.5 minutes) is also silent. Reporters speak to lieutenant governor Garland T. Byrd; Byrd and Vandiver are seen in a January meeting with legislatures and members of the Board of Regents.","There is a short interview, about one minute, with Georgia attorney general J. Eugene Cook regarding the upcoming hearing at the U.S. District Court in Macon. He indicates that the plaintiffs failed to follow all administrative remedies when they applied to the University of Georgia and that they would lose credits moving from a semester to a quarter system. This is followed by several shots of people coming out of a courthouse then driving off. There are other shots of the federal courthouse in Macon that is now called the William Augustus Bootle Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse. There are also shots of the streets of Macon and several shots of an American flag flapping in the wind. All of these clips are silent and last about two minutes. There is a series of silent clips (about 30 seconds) outside the Georgia capitol building of women picketing against the university's integration.","Next, there is a 30 second clip of state senator Carl Sanders from Augusta standing at a microphone; his comments are incompletely recorded, but he seems to be speaking to a group of businessmen.","In a short (ca. 1 minute) clip, Athens mayor Snow describes that 3-4 carloads of state patrolmen arrived at Myers Hall. He, the UGA dean of students J. A. Williams, Athens police chief E. E. Hardy and the state patrol officers conferred and assured dean Williams that order would be preserved.","The last approximately 45 seconds are a series of silent clips that seem to be a meeting of the Georgia legislature.","African American students Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes first applied to the University of Georgia in the summer of 1959 but were denied, according to the university, based on lack of space. After several other unsuccessful applications, lawyers Donald Hollowell, Horace T. Ward, and Constance B. Motley filed a federal lawsuit against the university on behalf of the students. On January 6, 1961, federal judge William A. Bootle ordered the university to admit the students and to stop rejecting applicants solely based on race. Governor Vandiver and state officials responded by citing the 1956 appropriations act preventing the state from funding integrated schools. Judge Bootle issued a temporary restraining order against Vandiver on January 10 preventing him from cutting off university funding and on January 13 declared the appropriations act unconstitutional. After a basketball game the evening of January 11 in which the University of Georgia lost to Georgia Institute of Technology, students rioted outside of Myers Hall, the dormitory where Hunter lived. The university suspended Hunter and Holmes \"for their own protection\" and sent them back to Atlanta that evening. Judge Bootle ordered the students readmitted January 13, and they returned to campus January 16.","Reporter: Moore, Ray, 1922-","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn38256"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors--Georgia","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Press conferences--Georgia--Athens","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","College integration--Georgia--Athens","College integration--Georgia--Athens--Public opinion","Public opinion--Georgia--Athens","Mayors--Georgia--Athens","Race riots--Georgia--Athens","Interviews--Georgia--Athens","Segregation in education--Georgia","Lieutenant governors--Georgia","Picketing--Georgia--Atlanta","Legislators--Georgia","College students--Georgia--Athens","Violence--Georgia--Athens","Restraining orders--Georgia--Atlanta","Subpoena--Georgia--Athens","Police--Georgia--Athens","Dormitories--Georgia--Athens","African American college students--Georgia--Athens","School integration--Massive resistance movement--Georgia","Highway law--Georgia","Constitutional amendments--Georgia","Fire departments--Georgia--Athens","Greek letter societies--Georgia--Athens","College students--Legal status, laws, etc.--Georgia","Student suspension--Law and legislation--Georgia","Central business districts--Georgia--Athens","Central business districts--Georgia--Macon","Flags--United States","Athens (Ga.)--Race relations","Georgia--Race relations"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of statements by Georgia governor Ernest Vandiver, Athens mayor Ralph M. 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Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 38 mins., 3 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Moore, Ray, 1922-","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Snow, Ralph M., -1969","Stancil, Alice W., 1900-1969","Hamilton, George B. (George Bright), 1891-1971","Byrd, Garland T. (Garland Turk), 1924-1997","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014","Trotter, William P. (William Perry), 1919-2004","Geer, Peter Zack","Hazelwood, James Terry","Morris, Aubrey R.","Cook, Eugene, 1904-","Holmes, Hamilton, 1941-","Sims, Larky","Harris, Roy Vincent, 1895-1985","Hunter-Gault, Charlayne","Twitty, Frank Starling, 1907-1981","Tuttle, Elbert P. (Elbert Parr), 1897-1996","Aderhold, O. 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