{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48724","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of state senator Leroy Johnson speaking about racial tensions over school desegregation following a fact-finding mission to Crawfordville from Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 October 4","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Morris, Aubrey R.","Johnson, Leroy, 1928-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Taliaferro County, Crawfordville, 33.55402, -82.89598"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-10-04"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from October 4, 1965, state senator Leroy Johnson speaks at a press conference in Atlanta, Georgia, about racial tensions over school desegregation in Crawfordville, Georgia following a fact-finding mission to the community.","The clip begins with two African American men, Leroy Johnson and another unidentified man, in a press conference, sitting at a table with microphones in front of them. Cameras film the scene, and a white reporter reaches toward the table to adjust a microphone. Senator Johnson, the first African American elected to the Georgia Senate since Reconstruction, reports on a fact-finding mission he and other African American leaders from around the state conducted in Crawfordville on Sunday, October 3. Johnson asserts that \"the Crawfordville situation is sitting on a powder keg.\" He cites the lack of communication between the African American and white communities as \"the most disturbing aspect about the situation\" along with the fact that the white leadership has \"no plans at all for the solution of the situation.\"","In the second part of the clip, Johnson continues speaking about the situation in Crawfordville. He alludes to a threat made by Governor Carl Sanders to send the African American students boycotting the local African American high school to reform school. Johnson declares the solution to the problem in Crawfordville is not to send students to reform school. Instead, according to Johnson, \"what is now needed is courageous and forthright leadership.\" He suggests that the governor should encourage local leaders to make desegregation a reality and confirms that \"the transferral of students to schools on a non-discriminatory basis is an essential part of any plan of desegregation.\"","Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, a small, predominantly African American community, began experiencing racial problems in the spring of 1965. That spring, the local school board refused to renew the contracts of six African American teachers. While the board did not give a reason for refusing to renew the contracts, members of the African American community asserted it was because of the civil rights activities of the teachers. The teachers had advocated for the use of the only gym in the county, located at the white high school, by the county's African American students. Also that spring, eighty-eight African American students applied to transfer from the local African American school to the all-white Alexander Stephens Institute. Although the school was scheduled to desegregate that fall, all of the white students transferred from the Taliaferro County school to schools in surrounding counties. With no white students enrolled in the local school, the county school board closed the white school and sent all of the students who applied for transfer back to Murden High School, the African American high school. Unfortunately, the African American students were not told of these arrangements until after the registration period had passed for the schools in neighboring Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties. African American students protested the continued segregation by refusing to attend the local high school, establishing a Freedom School under the direction of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and holding demonstrations every morning at the central location where white students where transported to schools in neighboring counties. Finally a federal court appointed state school superintendent Claude Purcell to administer the Taliaferro County schools. Purcell ordered schools in Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties to admit the African American students who had originally applied for school transfers in Taliaferro County. On November 17, 1965, African American students from Taliaferro County began riding the buses with white students to integrated schools in neighboring counties.","Reporter: Morris, Aubrey R.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48724"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Busing for school integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","School integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","Segregation in education--Georgia--Crawfordville","Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Legislators--Georgia","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","Governors--Georgia","African American students--Georgia--Crawfordville","Federal-city relations--Georgia--Augusta","Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Crawfordville","Crawfordville (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of state senator Leroy Johnson speaking about racial tensions over school desegregation following a fact-finding mission to Crawfordville from Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 October 4"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48724"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48724"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-10-04"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48724, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of state senator Leroy Johnson speaking about racial tensions over school desegregation following a fact-finding mission to Crawfordville from Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 October 4, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1317, 4:24/05:08, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 44 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm.","1 clip (about 59 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Johnson, Leroy, 1928-","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014","Morris, Aubrey R."],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42599","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a press conference where state senator Leroy Johnson speaks about an upcoming fact-finding mission to Crawfordville, Georgia, from Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 October 2","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Johnson, Leroy, 1928-"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Georgia, Taliaferro County, Crawfordville, 33.55402, -82.89598"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-10-02"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from October 2, 1965, state senator Leroy Johnson speaks at a press conference in Atlanta, Georgia about visiting Crawfordville, Taliaferro County on a fact-finding mission with African American leaders from around the state.","The clip begins with a press conference during which Georgia State Senator Leroy Johnson sits at a table with microphones in front of him. Senator Johnson repeats reports that African Americans in Crawfordville are being fired from their jobs, evicted from their homes, and targeted for police brutality, because civil rights demonstrations took place in the city. He explains that he has been invited to visit Crawfordville and, recognizing the importance of the situation, has invited African American leaders from communities around Georgia to go to Crawfordville with him on a fact-finding mission. In newspaper reports of the press conference, Johnson promises to report the findings of the visit \"to the proper authorities.\"","Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, a small community with a majority of the population African Americans, began experiencing racial problems in the spring of 1965. That spring, the local school board refused to renew the contracts of six African American teachers. While the board did not give a reason for its refusal, members of the African American community asserted it was because of the civil rights activities of the teachers. The teachers had advocated the chance for African American students to use the only gym in the county, located at the white high school. Also that spring, eighty-eight African American students applied to transfer from the local African American school to the all-white Alexander Stephens Institute. Although the school was scheduled to desegregate that fall, all of the white students transfered from the Taliaferro County school to schools in surrounding counties. With no white students enrolled in the local school, the county school board closed the white school and sent all of the students who applied for transfer back to Murden High School, the African American high school. Unfortunately, the African American students were not told of these arrangements until after the registration period had passed for the schools in neighboring Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties. African American students protested the continued segregation by refusing to attend the local high school, establishing a Freedom School under the direction of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and holding demonstrations every morning at the central location where school buses picked up white students to transport them to schools in neighboring counties. Finally, a federal court appointed state school superintendent Claude Purcell to administer the Taliaferro County schools. Purcell ordered schools in Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties to admit the African American students who had originally applied for school transfers in Taliaferro County. On November 17, 1965, African American students from Taliaferro County began riding the buses with white students to integrated schools in neighboring counties.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn42599"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Press conferences--Georgia--Atlanta","Legislators--Georgia","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Atlanta","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Crawfordville","Race relations","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Crawfordville"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a press conference where state senator Leroy Johnson speaks about an upcoming fact-finding mission to Crawfordville, Georgia, from Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 October 2"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42599"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn42599"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-10-02"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn42599, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of a press conference where state senator Leroy Johnson speaks about an upcoming fact-finding mission to Crawfordville, Georgia, from Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 October 2, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0939, 00:00/00:49, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 49 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Johnson, Leroy, 1928-"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn44754","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all white students in the county to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering the school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 October 1","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Taliaferro County, Crawfordville, 33.55402, -82.89598","United States, Georgia, Warren County, Warrenton, 33.40708, -82.66208"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-10-01"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, on October 1, 1965, African American high school students protest continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all white students from the local school to schools in neighboring counties; and in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, white students enter the school and African American students are prevented from doing so by state highway patrolmen.","The clip begins on a wet day in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, near the location where white children gather to board the buses to schools in neighboring counties. State highway patrolmen stand in clusters; many are wearing dark rain coats. A couple of patrolmen stand at the corner and direct traffic. Cars driving white students to the bus stop are allowed to stop and let the children out before they are directed to turn the corner and drive down a perpendicular street. The patrolmen directing traffic open the car doors for the children to get out. White children stand on a porch to avoid the rain as they wait together for the bus. When a school bus approaches the patrolmen at the intersection, the police move out of the way to let the bus continue straight down the street. At later points, students board the bus, and other students peer through the bus windows. At one point, an off-screen voice appears to speak to the cameraman, commenting on the news crews driving back and forth from Atlanta every day and expressing a desire not to participate in violence. Another comment is recorded when students are boarding the bus and one student expresses his displeasure with the camera filming the scene. Several patrolmen stand together and keep a group of African American students away from the bus and the boarding area. The African American students begin clapping and chanting, \"Freedom now!\"","After a break in the clip two buses with their headlights on are seen behind a patrol car. The patrol car pulls forward, and the buses pull away. Later three buses drive down the street. Patrolmen in rain coats appear to stand near someone who is on the ground. The group moves, and the African American protesters get up and walk away towards a car parked along a dirt road. White parents are seen standing in groups on grass along the side of the road. The clip jumps to Warrenton High School in Warren County. For a few moments as the camera focuses on the high school and buses driving towards the school, the clip is washed out. When the image quality returns, cars are seen parked along the road in front of the school and driving down the school. Patrolmen direct traffic and speak to drivers through car windows. At one point a patrolman slams the door of a car before the driver is able to get out of the car. African Americans get out of some of the cars that are parked along the side of the road. A patrolman asks a driver to move on and later asks a group of African Americans for their cooperation.","The clip ends with an exchange between an African American student and a patrolman. The student, Frank Bates, answering the patrolman's questions, explains that he attends a Freedom School this year but last year attended Murden High School in Crawfordville. He expresses his desire to register for school at Warrenton High School. The patrolman forcefully reviews that he told the students the previous day what they had to do to be able to register for school. The students, he continues, cannot register for classes today for the same reasons they could not register the day before. He suggests the students return to their cars and go home. When the students ask why they have to attend \"a segregated school and get a second-class education\" the patrolman replies that the students need to take the issue to the courts. He asserts that he is going to \"keep law and order in Warren County this morning.\"","Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, a small predominantly African American community,began experiencing racial problems in the spring of 1965. That spring, the local school board refused to renew the contracts of six African American teachers. While the board did not give a reason for refusing to renew the contracts, members of the African American community asserted it was because of the civil rights activities of the teachers. The teachers had advocated the chance for the use of the only gym in the county, located at the white high school, by the county's African American students. Also that spring, eighty-eight African American students applied to transfer from the local African American school to the all-white Alexander Stephens Institute. Although the school was scheduled to desegregate that fall, all of the white students transferred from the Taliaferro County school to schools in surrounding counties. With no white students enrolled in the local school, the county school board closed the white school and sent all of the students who applied for transfer back to Murden High School, the African American high school. Unfortunately, the African American students were not told of these arrangements until after the registration period had passed for the schools in neighboring Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties. African American students protested the continued segregation by refusing to attend the local high school, establishing a Freedom School under the direction of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and holding demonstrations every morning at the central location from which white students were transported to schools in neighboring counties. Finally a federal court appointed state school superintendent Claude Purcell to administer the Taliaferro County schools. Purcell ordered schools in Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties to admit the African American students who had originally applied for school transfers in Taliaferro County. On November 17, 1965, African American students from Taliaferro County began riding the buses with white students to integrated schools in neighboring counties.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn44754"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Busing for school integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","School integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","Segregation in education--Georgia--Crawfordville","Busing for school integration--Georgia--Warrenton","School integration--Georgia--Warrenton","Segregation in education--Georgia--Warrenton","African American students--Georgia--Crawfordville","Students--Georgia--Warrenton","Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Crawfordville","Police, State--Georgia","Police--Georgia--Warren County","Automobiles--Georgia--Crawfordville","Automobiles--Georgia--Warrenton","Police vehicles--Georgia--Warrenton"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all white students in the county to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering the school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 October 1"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn44754"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn44754"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-10-01"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn44754, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all white students in the county to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering the school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 October 1, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1039, 00:00/11:38, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 11 mins., 38 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38841","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all local white students to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering a school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 September 25","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Taliaferro County, Crawfordville, 33.55402, -82.89598","United States, Georgia, Warren County, Warrenton, 33.40708, -82.66208"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-09-25"],"dcterms_description":["In this silent WSB newsfilm clip from Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, on September 25, 1965, African American high school students protest continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all white students from the local school to schools in neighboring counties; and in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, white students enter a school and African American students are prevented from doing so by state highway patrolmen.","The clip begins in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, where African American students held daily protests against white students who avoided school integration by transferring to schools in nearby counties. During the first portion of the clip, white spectators watch as white students gather, wait for, and board three school buses. An African American man, possibly a reporter, takes photographs of the scene, and writes down the name and badge number of a state highway patrolman. White Georgia highway patrolmen observe the scene and keep order.","After a break in the clip, the camera again focuses on the Crawfordville make-shift bus stop. White parents continue to watch the white students and the school buses as they drive away. A man, possibly a plain-clothes officer, leads away the African American man who earlier took pictures. Patrolmen direct the buses as they drive away. After the buses drive away, African American students walk in a line two-by-two down the street; many of the students hold books in their arms. A patrolman in a helmet walks beside the students. Later a line of patrolmen walks slowly down the street.","The clip jumps to what appears to be the high school in Warrenton, Warren County. Several white men surround a car as it pulls up. One man tugs on the handle and unsuccessfully tries to open the car door. The men continue to walk beside the car for a few moments and then it drives further down the street. The school is a one-story building with cars parked in the lot in front. More cars park along the sides of the road in front of the school. African American students are kept in their car by a patrolman. Another group of African American students are escorted back to their car by another patrolman. At one point, the camera focuses on a broken egg on the street.","The clip breaks again and returns to show several cars including a highway patrol car driving down the street or parked along the side of the road. A local policeman in a hat with a gun in his holster stands near a car. Five African American students get out of a car. Later, the same car drives away. Following another clip break, the camera focuses on signs for the city limits of Warrenton and warning of a school crossing. Behind the school crossing sign and later seen on its own is the same one-story school seen earlier. Several buses with signs from Warren County pull up to the school and students get off the bus and enter the building. After another break, a school bus from Taliaferro County pulls up to the school, and white students get off the bus and enter. The bus is followed by highway patrol cars. Patrolmen stand in front of the school. Later, the patrolmen escort African American students from the high school towards cars parked along the road in front of the school. The camera briefly focuses on the hands of a patrolman holding a baton. The clip breaks for a final time and returns to patrolmen standing in the road in front of the school. African American students stand near a patrolman and later walk towards and get in a waiting car. A patrolman sits in the front seat of the car and talks to the students sitting in the backseat. Next the African American students get out of the car and talk to a white man. The patrolmen watch the car as it pulls away. The clip ends with the camera focusing on signs for Warren County, Taliaferro County, and the Crawfordville city limits.","Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia, a small predominantly African American community,began experiencing racial problems in the spring of 1965. That spring, the local school board refused to renew the contracts of six African American teachers. While the board did not give a reason for refusing to renew the contracts, members of the African American community asserted it was because of the civil rights activities of the teachers. The teachers had advocated the chance for the use of the only gym in the county, located at the white high school, by the county's African American students. Also that spring, eighty-eight African American students applied to transfer from the local African American school to the all-white Alexander Stephens Institute. Although the school was scheduled to desegregate that fall, all of the white students transferred from the Taliaferro County school to schools in surrounding counties. With no white students enrolled in the local school, the county school board closed the white school and sent all of the students who applied for transfer back to Murden High School, the African American high school. Unfortunately, the African American students were not told of these arrangements until after the registration period had passed for the schools in neighboring Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties. African American students protested the continued segregation by refusing to attend the local high school, establishing a Freedom School under the direction of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and holding demonstrations every morning at the central location from which white students were transported to schools in neighboring counties. Finally a federal court appointed state school superintendent Claude Purcell to administer the Taliaferro County schools. Purcell ordered schools in Greene, Wilkes, and Warren Counties to admit the African American students who had originally applied for school transfers in Taliaferro County. On November 17, 1965, African American students from Taliaferro County began riding the buses with white students to integrated schools in neighboring counties.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn38841"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Busing for school integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","School integration--Georgia--Crawfordville","Segregation in education--Georgia--Crawfordville","Busing for school integration--Georgia--Warrenton","School integration--Georgia--Warrenton","Segregation in education--Georgia--Warrenton","African American students--Georgia--Crawfordville","Students--Georgia--Warrenton","Race relations","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Crawfordville","Police, State--Georgia","Police--Georgia--Warren County","Automobiles--Georgia--Crawfordville","Automobiles--Georgia--Warrenton","Police vehicles--Georgia--Warrenton"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all local white students to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering a school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 September 25"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38841"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn38841"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-09-25"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn38841, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of African American high school students protesting continued segregation of local schools following the transfer of all local white students to schools in neighboring counties, Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia; also African American students prevented from entering a school in Warrenton, Warren County, Georgia, 1965 September 25, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0148, 27:50/39:50, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 12 mins.): black-and-white, silent ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn35884","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Richard Nixon speaking about civil rights in Augusta, Georgia, 1965 August 27","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Richmond County, Augusta, 33.47097, -81.97484"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-08-27"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from August 27, 1965, Richard Nixon speaks about civil rights in Augusta, Georgia. A large, outdoor crowd is shown. Nixon says that he went to school in the south, and knows that civil rights is a difficult issue. He says that it isn't just a southern issue but a nationwide issue, and it should be recognized as such by all Americans.","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip no.: wsbn35884"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Civil rights--United States"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Richard Nixon speaking about civil rights in Augusta, Georgia, 1965 August 27"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn35884"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn35884"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn35884, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of Richard Nixon speaking about civil rights in Augusta, Georgia, 1965 August 27, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 0794, 23:35/24:48, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 min.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48559","title":"Jones on Employment of Black School Teachers and Integration (No Length Given)","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Jones, Paul"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-08-25"],"dcterms_description":["Jones on Employment of Black School Teachers and Integration (No Length Given)","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48559"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Education","Unemployment","Teachers","Blacks","School management and organization","Segregation","Schools","Labor market","School employees"],"dcterms_title":["Jones on Employment of Black School Teachers and Integration (No Length Given)"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48559"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48559"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-08-25"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48559, Jones on Employment of Black School Teachers and Integration (No Length Given), WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1309, , Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip: black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48543","title":"Peters Comments on Education","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Peters,"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-08-20"],"dcterms_description":["Peters Comments on Education","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48543"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Federal aid","Education","Segregation","Legislation","Schools"],"dcterms_title":["Peters Comments on Education"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48543"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48543"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-08-20"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48543, Peters Comments on Education, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1308, 11:07/11:57, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 50 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48455","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of comments made by Sumter County attorney Warren Fortson, Georgia Governor Carl Sanders, and two other unidentified people regarding recent racial conflicts in Americus, Georgia, 1965 August 4","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Fortson, Warren Candler, 1928-","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Sumter County, Americus, 32.07239, -84.23269"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-08-04"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB_TV newsfilm clips from August 4, 1965, Sumter County attorney Warren Fortson, Georgia Governor Carl Sanders, and two unidentified individuals present their opinions regarding recent racial conflicts in Americus, Sumter County, Georgia.","The clip begins with Warren Fortson speaking about the possibility of establishing a biracial committee to discuss racial problems in Americus; he states his belief that the community will only be able to reduce racial tension \"by sitting down with a committee of white people and a committee of Negroes.\" Although the creation of a biracial committee was one of the demands of the Sumter County Movement (the local civil rights organization), Americus city officials repeatedly refused to create such a body. In light of the city's failure to cooperate, Fortson eventually organized an independent biracial committee; however, city officials refused to recognize it. After a break in the clip, an unidentified Americus official states that racial problems should be worked out by elected officials and not private citizens; he emphasizes that if the city council does not \"represent the sentiment of the people of Sumter County, then the ballot box is the place to solve it.\" Next, Georgia governor Carl Sanders reports that he has urged the city council to work with local African Americans to \"seek a workable solution to this very serious problem.\" After this, Warren Fortson again speaks to an unidentified reporter. He explains that the Sumter County Movement's demand to void the results of the special election held July 20 (in which four African American women were arrested for standing in the \"white\" line) is something that must be handled by the county government. When asked about the Movement's demands for better job opportunities, Fortson agrees that community involvement can and will work out economic concerns, and states that local merchants who might be inclined to meet Movement demands are discouraged from doing so because they fear retaliation. Finally, the clip ends with an unidentified white woman speaking to reporters. The woman speaks of \"very serious charges\" that have been made against Warren Fortson. She explains that she knows Fortson personally and because of her high regard for him asked that nothing be done at the present time. She compares the tactics used against Fortson to those used in Nazi Germany.","After sporadic demonstrations between 1963 and 1965, the aforementioned arrest of four African American women at the special election sparked demonstrations that targeted government, business, and religious institutions, and were increased in frequency to three demonstrations per day. Protests led by the Sumter County Movement leaders ended August 13; efforts to create a biracial negotiating committee did not succeed. By October 1965, Warren Fortson and his family had been pressured into leaving Americus because of his involvement in creating a biracial committee.","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48455"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Lawyers--Georgia--Americus","Governors--Georgia","Negotiation--Georgia--Americus","Committees--Georgia--Americus","African Americans--Suffrage--Georgia--Americus","Americus (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century","Americus (Ga.)--Politics and government--History--20th century","Americus (Ga.)--Officials and employees","African Americans--Civil rights--Georgia--Americus","Civil rights movements--Georgia--Americus","Contested elections--Georgia--Americus","Local elections--Georgia--Americus","Women political candidates--Georgia--Americus","City councils--Georgia--Americus","Municipal officials and employees--Georgia--Americus","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Americus","Discrimination in employment--Georgia--Americus","African Americans--Georgia--Americus--Politics and government"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of comments made by Sumter County attorney Warren Fortson, Georgia Governor Carl Sanders, and two other unidentified people regarding recent racial conflicts in Americus, Georgia, 1965 August 4"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. 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Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 4 mins., 15 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Fortson, Warren Candler, 1928-","Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48435","title":"WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Carl Sanders speaking about public safety and voter registration in Americus from his office in Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 August 4","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Sanders, Carl, 1925-2014"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, 33.79025, -84.46702","United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798","United States, Georgia, Sumter County, Americus, 32.07239, -84.23269"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-08-04"],"dcterms_description":["In this WSB newsfilm clip from August 4, 1965, Georgia Governor Carl Sanders speaks to reporters from his office in Atlanta, Georgia about public safety and voter registration in Americus, Georgia.  Governor Sanders begins with the issue of public safety by explaining that he has instructed Colonel Lowell Connor, director of the Department of Public Safety, to provide the fullest possible protection for all citizens in Americus.  Sanders is pleased that the Georgia State Highway Patrol has maintained peace and tranquility in Americus for the two weeks it has been there.  He recognizes the full cooperation of citizens who avoid protest areas when they are not participating in demonstrations, and reports that when troopers have been notified of demonstrations, they have been on hand to protect civil rights workers.  Outlining procedure, Sanders explains that troopers are instructed to stop incidents that may occur; they will arrest those who continue to cause trouble and turn them over to local officials.  Speaking of voter registration efforts, Sanders recognizes his responsibility as governor to ensure all citizens are able to register and vote.  He disapproves of those who \"make wild, unfounded statements\" to the press about voter registration efforts rather then following the proper channels, such as filing a complaint with the state voter registration board in Atlanta or the county superior court.  He reports that as of the beginning of the press conference, no one from the civil rights movement has filed an official complaint regarding voter registration.  Sanders discourages the possibility of federal intervention, believing that Georgians can and should retain the autonomy to resolve any issues regarding voter registration.  He appeals to citizens of Sumter County to allow for the exercise of constitutional rights without injury or damage of property in order to facilitate the community's  transition back to normal activities.  The clip also includes Sanders announcing the appointment of James V. Carmichael of Marietta, Cobb County, to the State Board of Regents, a position Carmichael held until 1972.","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48435"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Governors--Georgia","Reporters and reporting--Georgia--Atlanta","Interviews--Georgia--Atlanta","Voter registration--Georgia--Americus","Police, State--Georgia","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Americus","African Americans--Suffrage--Georgia--Americus","Equality before the law--Georgia--Americus","Administrative remedies--Georgia--Americus","Universities and colleges --Administration--Georgia"],"dcterms_title":["WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Carl Sanders speaking about public safety and voter registration in Americus from his office in Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 August 4"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48435"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48435"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-08-04"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48435, WSB-TV newsfilm clip of Georgia governor Carl Sanders speaking about public safety and voter registration in Americus from his office in Atlanta, Georgia, 1965 August 4, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1304, 47:51/55:23, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 7 mins., 32 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Sanders, Carl Edward, 1925- --Interviews","Conner, H. L. (H. Lowell), 1922-","Carmichael, James Vinson, 1910-1972"],"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48436","title":"Massell on Discrimination Against Women under the Civil Rights Act of 1964","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Massell, Sam"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-08-02"],"dcterms_description":["Massell on Discrimination Against Women under the Civil Rights Act of 1964","Title supplied by cataloger."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48436"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["Women","Airlines","Mayors","Discrimination"],"dcterms_title":["Massell on Discrimination Against Women under the Civil Rights Act of 1964"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48436"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48436"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-08-02"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48436, Massell on Discrimination Against Women under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1304, 46:22/46:46, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 24 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48454","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of African Americans picketing against racial discrimination in Americus, Georgia, 1965 August 2","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Sumter County, Americus, 32.07239, -84.23269"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-08-02"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips from August 2, 1965, African Americans protest racial discrimination by picketing local stores in Americus, Georgia. African American boys appear to be waiting for a bus which pulls up to the roadside; a racially mixed group exits the chartered bus. Picketers in front of a Kwik-Chek in Americus carry signs with slogans that include, \"Do not buy segregation,\" and \"Will you help us stop this war? Don't buy anything downtown.\" Police watch the picketers as they walk, standing between the store and the demonstrators. The group is led by a man in a clerical collar, and includes two young children who march with the protesters and carry their own signs. An interracial group of picketers also protest in front of a Piggly Wiggly grocery store. A group of African Americans stand in a circle and sing, \"Wade in the Water\" in front of the Sumter County Courthouse.\u003cp\u003eOn August 2, 1965, twenty-three demonstrators were arrested for picketing stores in Americus and charged with trespassing for declining to remain in \"picket-approved\" areas. The \u003ci\u003eAmericus Times-Recorder\u003c/i\u003e reports that demonstrators were arrested in front of the Kwik-Chek store at 10 am and at 1 pm, with another group expected to arrive later that same afternoon. Civil rights demonstrations occurred sporadically in Sumter County between 1963 and 1965. After the July 20, 1965 arrest of four African American women for standing in a \"white\" line during an election, the Sumter County Movement, assisted by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), increased the frequency of protests.\u003c/p\u003e","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48454"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American children--Georgia--Americus","African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Americus","African Americans--Songs and music","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Americus","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Americus","Clergy--Georgia--Americus","Picketing--Georgia--Americus","Police--Georgia--Americus","Segregation--Georgia--Americus","Stores, Retail--Georgia--Americus","Wade in the water (Song)","Singing--Georgia--Americus","Grocery trade--Georgia--Americus","Signs and signboards--Georgia--Americus","Boycotts--Georgia--Americus","Race discrimination--Georgia--Americus","Buses--Georgia--Americus","Americus (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of African Americans picketing against racial discrimination in Americus, Georgia, 1965 August 2"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48454"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48454"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-08-02"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48454, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of African Americans picketing against racial discrimination in Americus, Georgia, 1965 August 2, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1305, 51:10/52:46, Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, The University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Georgia"],"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["moving images","news","unedited footage"],"dcterms_extent":["1 clip (about 1 mins., 36 secs.): black-and-white, sound ; 16 mm."],"dlg_subject_personal":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48457","title":"Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of demonstrations and unsuccessful integration attempts at First Baptist Church and First Methodist Church in Americus, Georgia, 1965 August 1","collection_id":"ugabma_wsbn","collection_title":"WSB-TV Newsfilm Collection","dcterms_contributor":["Brokaw, Tom"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Sumter County, Americus, 32.07239, -84.23269"],"dcterms_creator":["WSB-TV (Television station : Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dc_date":["1965-08-01"],"dcterms_description":["In this series of silent WSB newsfilm clips from August 1, 1965, African Americans demonstrate against segregation and unsuccessfully attempt to integrate First Baptist Church and First Methodist Church in Americus, Georgia. The clip begins with a mixed race crowd that appears to be on the verge of fighting surrounding police officers in front of a grocery store. Two men in suits appear to watch events in front of the Farr Appliance Company store. Next, a group of African Americans march in downtown Americus; they follow a car while flanked by law enforcement officers. A man in a white shirt speaks to an officer; afterward, two officers lead a white man away from a crowd. Later, images of the attempted integration of First Baptist Church and First Methodist Church are interspersed with each other. At First Baptist Church, a group of white people line up on the steps of the church. The group attempting to integrate the church stands with their backs to the camera; a white man speaks to them and appears to point toward the church before the group walks away. When the pro-integration group approaches First Methodist Church, they find a line of white parishioners blocking access at the top of the church stairs; the pro-integration group chooses to kneel and pray at the bottom of the stairs. Tom Brokaw and another white man also appear in the clip, and police officers direct traffic. On August 1, 1965, two six-person groups tried to integrate the two churches. The groups were turned away twice at First Baptist Church and once at First Methodist Church. The following week, August 8, sixteen civil rights workers including John Lewis also attempted to integrate the churches and were arrested. Finally, images of the march seen earlier in the clip include a young African American man speaking to the gathered crowd. After sporadic civil rights demonstrations between 1963 and 1965, the Sumter County Movement, assisted by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), stepped up demonstrations after the July 20, 1965 arrest of four African American women for standing in the \"white\" line during a county election. Demonstrations between July 20 and August 13, 1965 included marches, protests at the Sumter County Courthouse, economic boycotts, and attempts to integrate local churches. According to a New York Times article, integrated groups were turned away from First Baptist and First Methodist churches earlier in the year as well, although Americus Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and Presbyterian churches were all successfully integrated.","Reporter: Brokaw, Tom","Title supplied by cataloger.","IMLS Grant, 2008.","Digibeta Center Cut (4 x 3) downconvert from HDD5 1080/23.98PsF film transfer."],"dc_format":["video/mp4"],"dcterms_identifier":["Clip number: wsbn48457"],"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Original found in the WSB-TV newsfilm collection."],"dcterms_subject":["African American civil rights workers--Georgia--Americus","Civil rights workers--Georgia--Americus","Civil rights demonstrations--Georgia--Americus","Segregation--Georgia--Americus","Police--Georgia--Americus","African American children--Georgia--Americus","Wade in the water (Song)","African Americans--Songs and music","Methodist church buildings--Georgia--Americus","Baptist church buildings--Georgia--Americus","Central business districts--Georgia--Americus","Protest marches--Georgia--Americus","Prayer--Georgia--Americus","Public worship--Georgia--Americus","Social integration--Georgia--Americus","Religion and politics--Georgia--Americus","Religion and social problems--Georgia--Americus","Baptists--Georgia--Americus","Stores, Retail--Georgia--Americus","Grocery trade--Georgia--Americus","Methodists--Georgia--Americus","Discrimination in public accommodations--Georgia--Americus","Picketing--Georgia--Americus","Americus (Ga.)--Race relations--History--20th century"],"dcterms_title":["Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of demonstrations and unsuccessful integration attempts at First Baptist Church and First Methodist Church in Americus, Georgia, 1965 August 1"],"dcterms_type":["MovingImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection"],"edm_is_shown_by":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48457"],"edm_is_shown_at":["https://crdl.usg.edu/id:ugabma_wsbn_wsbn48457"],"dcterms_temporal":["1965-08-01"],"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: wsbn48457, Series of WSB-TV newsfilm clips of demonstrations and unsuccessful integration attempts at First Baptist Church and First Methodist Church in Americus, Georgia, 1965 August 1, WSB-TV newsfilm collection, reel 1305, 44:15/51:08, Walter J. 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